What is the functional and purpose of non-residential premises, as well as the classification of area and the possibility of changing it? Changing the purpose of non-residential premises for opening a grocery store Purpose of the premises

There is no specific definition of a non-residential property, but there are a number of signs that allow an object to be classified as non-residential.

Non-residential premises are real estate, but not necessarily separate buildings, but separate parts of buildings clearly delineated by boundaries.

Non-residential properties cannot be used for housing.

When classified, the functional purpose of non-residential premises is to be used for various purposes, some of them are subject to use only with special types of finishing, and are completely unacceptable for other purposes.

A non-residential building may serve as a catering establishment, such as a cafe, restaurant, bar. However, there must be premises used for cooking, storing and cutting food, must comply with sanitary and hygienic standards - be lined with glazed ceramic tiles, have a special floor covering, etc.

Slightly different requirements for medical premises. institutions, and completely different - when non-residential real estate houses a gym, fitness center, kindergarten, office, pharmacy, etc., and not only for san. requirements, but also for fire safety.

Knowing exactly and being able to verify by checking documents that specifically indicate the type of non-residential premises and its purpose is very important when:

• sale;
• acquisition;
• rent, etc.

The buyer or tenant is looking for non-residential premises for a specific purpose, which will allow them to save money by purchasing or renting the exact area they are looking for, with a suitable purpose and the required finishing.

In the process of preparing paperwork for opening a business, a lot of problems are eliminated if the real estate documents contain records of the intended purpose of the premises that correspond to the area of ​​activity.

When registering for cadastral registration with the State Property Committee (Clause 16, Part 2, Article 7 of Law No. 221-FZ of July 24, 2007), data on the purpose of the premises (residential, non-residential) will also be recorded.

It is very important to prove that the residential building has a non-residential purpose, otherwise the area cannot be used for business.

The rules for maintaining the EDGP, approved by RF PP dated 02/18/1998 N 219, prescribe an indication of the main purpose of the premises according to the BTI, and clause 67 requires maintaining records of changes.

This means that if you need to change the intended purpose, you should make adjustments in the Unified State Register and State Property Committee database, as well as in your title documents - this is important.

Not only its civil legal status, but also the amount of rent and the purchase and sale price depend on how non-residential premises are designed from the point of view of their intended use.

Now let's move on to the types of purposes of non-residential premises.

Purpose of non-residential premises

The intended purpose of non-residential premises is the type of area, which is recorded in documents and determines the possibilities of use and can serve as a limitation.

Initially, when a building is being built, the purpose is indicated on the floor plans in accordance with the explication, which, upon commissioning, receives its intended purpose, which appears in the documents (based on the project).

Both in a residential building non-residential premises can be allocated, and in individual non-residential buildings, these areas, in accordance with the design documentation, can be named:

• pharmacy;
• store;
• office;
• dental office;
• library;
• entertainment center, etc.

But in each such case, the non-residential object immediately receives a purpose recorded in the documentation.

A clear assignment of a premises to one or another target type may limit the scope of use due to non-compliance with fire, sanitary and other requirements and standards>.

Non-residential premises for free use

There is a trick to expand the area of ​​use of real estate by calling it non-residential premises for free use. What is this - non-residential premises for free use?

These are universal objects that can be used by tenants for various activity profiles, excluding special ones.

Free-use premises (hereinafter referred to as PSN) can have different areas, which, when placing offices or retail outlets, can be easily divided by installing prefabricated partitions and organizing the required number of compartments.

With PSN there are fewer problems when organizing your own business, they are easier to rent and sell, and the cost is much higher than with a specific connection to the purpose of operation.

There are many options for using PSN, but such premises cannot be called 100% universal; sometimes the specifics of the chosen area of ​​operation will require additional approvals and re-registration.

How to change the purpose of the territory?

Many citizens ask the question: “How to change the purpose of non-residential premises?” Let’s figure it out.

If the new direction of activity does not entail drastic interventions in the layout and design of the premises, then changing the intended purpose of a non-residential property will not be particularly expensive in terms of time or money.

On his own initiative, the tenant is not given the right to change the intended purpose of the property, but only with the consent of the owner or on his instructions, executed by a notary.

For any type of activity, you will need to obtain approval in the form of a conclusion from the State Fire Inspectorate at the level of the district fire inspection department.

Next, it is important to obtain the opinion of Rospotrebnadzor, since this is the body in charge of the dignity. epid. permits, without paper from this body it is impossible to start operating a catering establishment, store, etc. You need to order plans for the rooms below and above from the BTI.

Even if the owner himself is completely confident that the premises are suitable and meets all requirements, then his confidence means nothing without a document from Rospotrebnadzor specialists.

Then you should prepare:

• title papers for the property;
• registration certificate;
• explication, floor plans;
• certificate on the technical condition of the building structures (from the BTI);
• a recent document on inventory value (from the BTI);
• a paper from housing and communal services confirming that there are no debts to pay for utilities.

A package of documents with an application from the owner (or the tenant on his behalf) should be submitted to the District Prefecture. Having received a positive answer, you can adjust the purpose of the premises in the Unified State Register.

When starting activities in a new field, it is important not to forget to notify Rospotrebnadzor about this (Article 8 of Federal Law No. 294).

Changing the functional purpose of non-residential premises

The owner of non-residential real estate or his authorized representative, including the tenant, has the right to change the intended purpose.

Correction of papers will be required if the title documents indicate the purpose of the premises, which does not correspond to what is currently required to realize the intentions of the entrepreneur.

It is necessary to carry out a number of actions, the result of which will be making changes to the list of changes in the Unified State Register and to the title documents.

Such procedures are not carried out in words; you need to take a plan of not only your floor, but also floor plans above and below your premises, with an explanation and diagrams of existing communications, and work out the option of repurposing the premises with specialists.

Repurposing most often requires:

• changes in the wiring of communications and electrical networks with the installation of additional sanitary facilities. those. devices, etc.;
• installing new window and door openings or changing the parameters of existing ones;
• ventilation devices;
• installation of technological equipment;
• transfer of partitions;
• carrying out special finishing of internal surfaces and floors;
• repairs and radical changes in the appearance of the facade, with an entrance device, etc.

All this means that you need a project, and before ordering it, it is important to obtain a technical opinion from the BTI on the condition of the load-bearing structures and the limits of reconstruction. The next sequence of actions is as follows:

With the old certificate of ownership, cadastral and technical passports, the owner must apply to the Unified State Register of Registers, where they will issue a new certificate, and corrective entries will be made on their registration sheet, and now the non-residential property will be listed with a new profile, that is, with a changed purpose for its use.

Activities such as dentistry, a beauty salon, or an educational institution cannot be implemented unless this particular purpose of the premises is specifically indicated.

It is illegal to conduct a business if the non-residential premises do not correspond to its functions, so you should first bring the real estate documents into line with your plans, and only then promote the business.

The main features are as follows:

Classification by type of permitted use

Non-residential premises can be used for any activity. If we take into account all types of permitted use, then all premises are divided into the following types:

Auxiliary and main

Reference! An auxiliary object is considered to be an object used for operation or consumer services (lobby, pantry, staircase, corridor).

The main premises are those in which functional processes are carried out. This includes premises, auditoriums and classes in government institutions, offices, chambers. There are also public premises, namely cinemas, theaters, halls in museums, clubs, assembly and reading rooms, administrative offices, and shopping areas.

How is the division by purpose carried out?

The intended purpose refers to the activity for which a particular premises can be used. Based on this criterion, premises are classified into:

The functional purpose of the room is the presence of design features and technical characteristics that allow it to be used as an independent object. The classification could be like this:

• Basic.
• Technical.
• Communication.
• Auxiliary.
• Attendants.

Conclusion

In conclusion, it is worth noting that there are a lot of non-residential premises that can be used for different purposes. Their size is also very different. Such objects can be purchased for running your own business or for industrial use. They can also be rented by concluding an agreement with the owner. It is important to choose the right type of premises and make sure that it meets your needs and has everything necessary for non-residential use.

The legislation of the Russian Federation does not provide precise definitions of the terms “purpose of premises” and “functional purpose of premises”.

So, according to sub. 3 clause 36 of block 3.5 of the Procedure for maintaining the Unified State Register of Real Estate..., approved. By order of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia dated December 16, 2015 No. 943, premises according to their purpose (without specifying what purpose) are divided into residential and non-residential. And then the USRN already reflects the types of permitted use of a specific premises.

Since residential premises can be used exclusively for the residence of citizens, they are not classified according to their intended purpose.

The functional purpose of non-residential premises was previously necessarily indicated in the design documentation. However, the current version of the law “On participation in shared construction” dated December 30, 2004 No. 214-FZ no longer contains a mandatory requirement to include in the information about the construction project information about the functional purpose of non-residential premises that are not related to common property (clause 24 of Art. 1 of the Law “On Amendments...” dated July 3, 2016 No. 304-FZ).

Classification of non-residential premises according to their intended purpose. On what basis are types (types) of non-residential premises distinguished according to their intended and functional purposes?

1. The intended purpose of non-residential premises usually refers to the type of activity for which the premises will be used. Based on this criterion, premises can be classified, for example, as follows:
   • trading;
   • production;
   • warehouse;
   • municipal and household;
   • catering facilities;
   • office;
   • medical;
   • educational;
   • sports;
   • free appointment, etc.
2. Functional purpose means that a room has technical characteristics and design features that allow it to be used as an independent object. The classification of premises can be as follows:
   • basic;
   • auxiliary;
   • serving;
   • communication;
   • technical.

Changing the functional purpose of non-residential premises: where to find order

Taking into account the uncertainty of the concept of the functional purpose of non-residential premises, we will consider 2 situations:

• It is required to convert non-residential premises into residential ones (or vice versa). The basic conditions of such a translation and the composition of the necessary documentation are regulated at the federal level (see Chapter 3 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation).
• It is required to formalize a change in the type of production activity specified in the design documentation for non-residential premises. If such premises comply with sanitary, fire and other requirements (GOST, SP, i.e. sanitary rules) presented for premises in which the planned activity can be carried out (for example, for catering services, medical services, kindergartens, etc. ), then there is no need to obtain special permits specifically for conducting such activities in non-residential premises (we recommend reading our article on this topic: Obtaining a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion). In some cases, redevelopment may be required, which must be formalized in accordance with the law.

IMPORTANT! Additional restrictions may be imposed on non-residential property owned by the state or municipality in a particular region.

Rights and obligations of the owner of non-residential premises in a residential building

Thus, the powers and responsibilities of the owner include (Article 30 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation):

• possession, use and disposal of premises;
• provision of possession and use of such premises to other persons under an agreement;
• maintenance of the premises;
• maintaining the premises in proper condition, as well as other obligations and rights established by law.

So, all premises are classified by law into residential and non-residential. The law does not provide a unified classification of non-residential premises. A change in the functional (purpose) purpose of non-residential premises is usually carried out without additional permissions from government agencies, provided that such a change does not contradict the requirements of SanPin, GOST, agreement of the parties or regional legislation.

Purpose of use of non-residential premises: definition, classification and procedure for change

A room that does not meet certain sanitary and epidemiological requirements and fire safety standards is classified as non-residential. Such real estate has its own purpose, in accordance with which it should be used.

More information about the intended use of non-residential premises can be found in this article.

Dear readers! Our articles talk about typical ways to resolve legal issues, but each case is unique.

Definition of the concept

The legislation of the Russian Federation does not have a clear definition of a non-residential property. However, there are a number of signs according to which such real estate can be identified.

Signs of a non-residential property:

• not intended for residential use;
• used for industrial and public purposes;

Read more about the differences between residential and non-residential premises here.

Intended use of real estate not intended for residential use

Information about the purpose of the premises is entered into the database at the time of cadastral registration(according to clause 16, chapter 2 of Law 221-FZ of July 24, 2007). Non-residential premises have their own purpose - the type of activity for which this object is intended. The purposes of using non-residential premises are distinguished as follows:

• office;
• trading;
• sports;
• municipal and household;
• educational;
• medical;
• production;
• catering establishments;
• warehouse;
• free appointment, etc.

Real estate objects not intended for residential use are subject to another classification - by functional purpose. For this purpose, technical characteristics and design features are taken into account. In this aspect, the premises are:

• technical;
• auxiliary;
• communication;
• basic;
• serving.

Basic division of objects

The concept of purpose of non-residential premises is not legally defined. According to the order of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation No. 943 dated December 16, 2015. The procedure for maintaining the Unified State Register was approved. Block 3.5, clause 36, subclause 3 of the document states that, according to their purpose, premises are divided into residential and non-residential.

Moreover, the first ones are intended exclusively for one purpose - residence of citizens. The latter are classified according to their intended purpose in accordance with the type of permitted use in the Unified State Register of Real Estate.

Responsibility for improper use

Use of non-residential premises for other purposes entails administrative liability. In order to avoid disputes and litigation, it is necessary to harmonize the documentary and actual purposes of real estate.

Another significant point is that non-residential premises are not intended for living. In the Housing Code of the Russian Federation in Art. 15 contains comprehensive requirements for residential premises. If at least one condition is not met, you cannot live in the building or part of it.

The legislation of the Russian Federation does not include direct liability for living in non-residential premises, but there is liability for violation of sanitary and epidemiological standards (in terms of area, noise level, layout, lighting, etc.).

You will find more information about the rules for using non-residential premises in this article.

Classification of areas and their characteristics

Free - what is it?

In order to expand the possible areas of use of real estate, you can give it the status of non-residential premises for free use. Such facilities are operated by owners and tenants in various areas of activity, with the exception of specialized ones.

The intended purpose of real estate often becomes known at the time of design, but The best option for the owner is to create a universal structure. Such a building can be repurposed at the request of the tenant. Often non-residential premises for free purposes are used as shopping centers, offices, household or social enterprises.

Free-use premises, despite their multifunctionality, cannot be fully suitable for all areas of activity. Given the specifics of the institution’s work, in some cases additional documentary approvals will be required.

Residential

According to Law No. 218-FZ, Article 8, Part 5, Clause 9, 10, 11, the Unified State Register includes additional information about the purpose of the building, premises, and its name. When registering for cadastral registration, only basic information about the property changes; regarding changes in purpose, you should be guided by the Housing Code of the Russian Federation (Chapter 4). Important, that changing the purpose of a room in a building does not entail a change in the building itself(for example, residential premises, non-residential building).

In this regard, authorized state bodies send information about changing the purpose of non-residential premises to the Unified State Register of Real Estate for inclusion of such information in the register (Law No. 218-FZ, Article 32, Part 1).

Law 221-FZ of July 24, 2007 “On the State Real Estate Cadastre” includes information about the type of real estate (non-residential or residential building), as well as its purpose (residential, non-residential premises). This information is also recorded in the certificate of state registration of ownership.

Read more about the classification of non-residential premises here.

Instructions for changing a functional prescription

The owner of the property, as well as the tenant in agreement with the owner, can change the intended purpose, while There are two options for changing the purpose of non-residential premises:

1. Conversion of the property into residential (in accordance with Chapter 3 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation).
2. Changing the type of activity.

The main stages of repurposing a room:

• drafting;
• its coordination with city services (city water utility, SES, Ministry of Emergency Situations, etc.);
• preparing documents and submitting them to authorized government bodies;
• carrying out work in accordance with the design documentation and putting the building into operation;
• registration of a technical passport by a BTI representative;
• obtaining a new cadastral passport;
• contacting the registration authority to obtain a new certificate of ownership.

Where to contact

Whatever the direction of work, coordination with the State Fire Inspectorate will be required. To do this, you should contact your local fire inspection department. To confirm compliance with sanitary and epidemiological standards, you need to obtain permission from Rospotrebnadzor. BTI will prepare plans for the premises located below and above the facility.

The documentation, together with the owner’s application, is submitted to the District Prefecture. After making a positive decision, the owner applies to the Unified State Register, where a new registration of the premises is carried out.

Drawing up and approval of the project

Before contacting the design office, you should find out the condition of the load-bearing structures, floors, wiring, water supply system, and whether redevelopment is possible in this building. Having the necessary documentation and the results of the preliminary survey, you can begin drawing up the project.

If necessary, additional sections may be included in the document:

• Constructive decisions;
• façade design;
• heating, ventilation;
• drainage and water supply, etc.

Drawing up a project is the most difficult and important stage. Coordination occurs in the following order:

1. Housing inspection.
2. Fire supervision.
3. Sanitary and epidemiological supervision.
4. Expert Bureau.
5. Department of Architecture (if the façade of the building is affected).

Preparation of documents

To change the purpose of a room, you need to prepare the following documents::

• statement;
• title documentation;
• technical plan (read about the difference between a technical plan and a technical passport here);
• explication;
• redevelopment project;
• certificates from the BTI on technical condition, inventory value;
• certificate of absence of utility debts.

Getting permission

After submitting the documents, local authorities study the site and consider the possibility of repurposing within up to six days. If a positive decision is made, the applicant is issued a permit with an unlimited validity period. If any violations are identified, a period of 10 days is given to eliminate them, after which the application is reconsidered.

Financial costs

The main financial expenses are aimed at:

1. Preparation of project documentation.
2. Payment for Housing Inspectorate services.
3. Covering the cost of construction work.
4. Payment of state duty.

The estimated price for services in Moscow and the region is:

Deadlines

As usual, it takes 1-2 days to prepare a technical report. Depending on the complexity of the project, preparation takes from several days to two months.

On average, it takes from 10 to 30 days to prepare BTI certificates and call a specialist. Working with an architect takes up to two weeks, and making changes to the documentation takes no more than 30 days.

Making changes to the cadastral plan

Changes to the cadastral documentation are made on the basis of a technical plan with a drawing and description of the main parameters of the object. This procedure can take from three to eighteen days, depending on the complexity and scale of the changes. The result is a completed cadastral passport with an updated layout of the property.

Non-residential premises have their own purpose, in accordance with which they are used. If the owner or tenant decides to change the type of activity, it is necessary to bring the premises into compliance with the new standards and requirements. To achieve this, its purpose is changing. The procedure is labor-intensive and costly, requiring certain knowledge and an algorithm of actions.

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Signs, types and classification of non-residential premises

Since market relations are currently very developed, the concept of real estate transactions has become very widely used. But in Russian legislation there is no clear concept for such actions, which causes some difficulties.

This problem worries businessmen who want to convert residential real estate into non-residential real estate for business purposes. This question often arises before residents of houses who confuse non-residential premises with common property in the process of calculating utility bills. Read on to learn more about the types and features of such premises.

Signs

The main features are as follows:

Classification by type of permitted use

Non-residential premises can be used for any activity. If we take into account all types of permitted use, then all premises are divided into the following types:

Office.

It is used to create an organization’s office, and can be located in shopping malls, shopping centers and business centers. It may also take place in a large office building. The office space has characteristic solid walls that separate it from other spaces. It is mandatory to have communications directly in the building (water, bathroom, drain). Trade area.

It can be used for trade, and placed in a shopping center or in a residential building. It does not always have solid walls, but the presence of basic communications not far from such an area is mandatory. They can be designed for a small number of trading platforms. Multi-purpose room.

It is suitable for different types of activities (office, medical services office, sports club, solarium, manicurist’s office, sugaring specialist’s workplace). The room is separate, it has a separate entrance and solid walls that separate it from other rooms. It must also have its own communications, and it can be located in a shopping center or residential building. Stock.

It may take place in an office building or in a sports facility. It is characterized by solid walls that separate it from other rooms. The presence of a separate entrance and basic communications is not necessary, because it is often used to store products or equipment.

Auxiliary and main

The main premises are those in which functional processes are carried out. This includes premises, auditoriums and classes in government institutions, offices, chambers. There are also public premises, namely cinemas, theaters, halls in museums, clubs, assembly and reading rooms, administrative offices, and shopping areas.

How is the division by purpose carried out?

The intended purpose refers to the activity for which a particular premises can be used. Based on this criterion, premises are classified into:

The functional purpose of the room is the presence of design features and technical characteristics that allow it to be used as an independent object. The classification could be like this:

• Basic.
• Technical.
• Communication.
• Auxiliary.
• Attendants.

Conclusion

In conclusion, it is worth noting that there are a lot of non-residential premises that can be used for different purposes. Their size is also very different. Such objects can be purchased for running your own business or for industrial use. They can also be rented by concluding an agreement with the owner. It is important to choose the right type of premises and make sure that it meets your needs and has everything necessary for non-residential use.

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Repurposing premises is a common practice in the Moscow real estate market. A hypermarket opens on the site of empty workshops, a bank branch moves into an abandoned warehouse, an office appears instead of a hairdresser.

It’s one thing when another store opened instead of one, but if the purpose of the premises has changed, such a procedure will require approval from the city administration.

What is a room profile?

The concept of functional purpose is enshrined in Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 219 of February 18, 1998. According to this legislative act, the purpose of the object must be indicated in the Unified State Register of Rights. It can be commercial, administrative, cultural and everyday, industrial, warehouse.

To find out the profile of the property, the owner just needs to contact the BTI. In this case, the tenant will need the written consent of the owner. Upon request, the BTI issues an explication of the building indicating the profile of the premises located in it.

How to change the purpose of non-residential premises

How is the functional purpose of non-residential premises changed? In practice, this procedure is often associated with the need for major re-equipment of the facility.

For hotels, restaurants, and health centers, there are certain sanitary and operational standards, and, for example, an empty production workshop cannot meet them without redevelopment.

For this purpose, design documentation is being developed. The project must be approved by the following authorized organizations:

• Architectural and planning management;
• Rospotrebnadzor;
• Fire supervision;
• Moscow Heritage Committee.

The exact list of organizations depends on the specific case.

Changing the purpose of non-residential premises in Moscow

If the project documentation is agreed upon, the applicant attaches the following package of documents to the project:

• lease agreement or documents confirming ownership;
• technical passport, explication and floor plan;
• certificates of absence of utility debts;
• certificate of technical condition of the property and inventory value.

These documents are submitted to the Department of Consumer Market and Services. The decision to convert or refuse is made by the District Prefecture.

Repurposing of non-residential premises

If you are interested in the question of how to change the functional purpose of non-residential premises in Moscow, please contact our company!

We work in all administrative districts of the city.

We provide services for changing profiles, transferring apartments from residential to non-residential, and coordinating project documentation.

The price of our services means the customer’s time and effort saved, as well as a guarantee of successfully overcoming all bureaucratic obstacles.

Call us or contact us through the online form on the website!

Every day a person visits many different premises: home, work, store, hospital, cafe, etc. Often, no attention is even paid to their compliance with established standards. Nevertheless, these norms and requirements for premises exist and are strictly regulated by the state.

According to the classification established by law, all premises are divided into residential and non-residential.

Living spaces

The Housing Code of the Russian Federation defines residential premises as real estate that is isolated and meets the requirements for permanent residence. It must meet sanitary and technical standards.

A residential premises may consist of several parts, and its total area is calculated as the sum of all these parts, including premises that are used as auxiliary ones (satisfying household and other human needs). Balconies, loggias, verandas and terraces are not included.

Types of premises classified as residential:

• residential buildings, parts of residential buildings;
• apartments, parts of apartments;
• rooms.

Non-residential premises

In the order of the Ministry of Land Construction of the Russian Federation, non-residential premises are defined as intended and used in the production, trade, warehouse, administrative and other areas of the building.

Since the functional purpose of non-residential premises can be different, they are divided into production, administrative, retail, warehouse, etc.

Like residential, non-residential premises can consist of several parts (rooms).

Industrial (commercial) premises - real estate that is located in a structure or building specifically designed for this type of activity. Basically, labor activities related to various types of enterprise production are carried out in these buildings.

Administrative premises are real estate intended for the functioning of offices of a state, non-state, economic or other institution and organization.

Retail space is another type of commercial space used for selling services or goods.

Warehouse - real estate intended for storing and storing large volumes of goods.

Categories of premises

According to the state classification of the Russian Federation, all premises are divided into the following categories:

Government of the Russian Federation in 2006 (as amended on February 28, 2018) Resolution N47 was adopted, which sets out all the requirements for premises that are residential.

The main provisions of this resolution:

Standards applicable to production areas

The requirements for industrial premises directly depend on the activities performed in them.

The basic requirements relating to all types of premises for industrial activities include:

1. Constructive and space-planning solutions for this type of premises must meet the requirements of construction standards, sanitation and other current regulatory documentation.
2. The number of floors of an industrial premises should depend on the type of activity that is performed in it.
3. Production and their auxiliary structures must be located in accordance with the technological process.
4. Such premises must be used exclusively for the intended purpose provided for in the project.
5. Each production premises (structure) must have technical documentation that complies with the state standard.
6. For each working person, according to regulations, the volume of the room must be more than 15 m 3 with the height of the room itself not less than 3.5 m.
7. The walls of the production room must be made in such a way that the level of vibration that occurs during the operation of the equipment located in this room is taken into account.

Air humidity

In public and residential premises, it is necessary to ensure that optimal or acceptable microclimate standards are maintained. This includes, among other things, air temperature and humidity.

The last parameter shows the level of saturation of air with water vapor. It can be absolute and relative. Absolute humidity determines the amount of moisture in 1 m 3 of air and is expressed in grams. Relative is a percentage expression of the ratio of the amount of moisture in the atmosphere and its upper limit at a certain temperature. It is the norm of indoor air humidity that implies the use of a relative indicator. The comfort level of the room microclimate largely depends on this parameter.

Normally, indoor air humidity can range from 40% to 60%. If the level drops to a critical threshold, a person in this area feels significant discomfort: the skin begins to dry and peel, and redness of the eyes is observed. In addition to external manifestations, general well-being also deteriorates: attention is distracted, drowsiness occurs, and bacteria and viruses freely penetrate the human body through the dry mucous membranes of the nose.

The level of permissible air humidity in residential and non-residential premises is within the same range.

Indoor air and other microclimate indicators are regulated by a set of requirements and rules, which are reflected in a document such as GOST 30494-96.

Air temperature in the living room

The state has clearly defined temperature standards in residential premises. They are prescribed by the SanPin regulations (sanitary and epidemiological rules and norms) and GOST.

For residential premises, SanPin determines the average permissible temperature level ranging from 17°C to 24°C. The optimal air temperature depends on the type and category of living space. So, for example, in a room where a person sleeps or is lying down, the temperature should be within 17-18°C; in a room used for recreation or mental work - 18-22°C; in the children's room - 21-22°C, and in the kitchen - 18-19°C.

The air temperature in a living room is largely determined by external and internal factors. The change of seasons and climate in general play a huge role.

The normal indoor temperature during the heating season is lower than in summer.

Air temperature in the production room

In order to provide workers with healthy and safe working conditions and increase their productivity, it is necessary to strictly follow sanitary standards for premises of this type. They regulate the permissible and optimal microclimate indicators in the work area, based on the level of severity of work, time of year, etc.

The optimal temperature regime in a production room should, with regular exposure to the human body, maintain a normal level of its thermal state and not load the thermoregulation mechanism. This greatly influences the increase in performance levels.

According to the SanPin of industrial premises, the air temperature depends on the period of the year and the category of work (light - 1a and 1b, moderate - 2a and 2b, heavy 3).

Temperature standards for industrial premises according to SanPin:

1. During the cold season:

• Light work 1a - 22-24°C;
• Light work 1b - 21-23°C;
• Moderate 2a - 18-20°C;
• Moderate severity 2b - 17-19°C;
• Heavy - 16-18°C.

2. During the warm season:

• Light work 1a - 25-27°C;
• Light work 1b - 24-26°C;
• Moderate severity 2a - 23-25°C;
• Moderate severity 2b - 22-24°C;
• Heavy - 16-18°C.

Room norms per person

Despite the fact that the state has switched to a market economic model, the population, as before, is provided with housing under a social program, in the process of which the concept of area norm is used.

According to the Housing Legislation of the Russian Federation, the norm for residential premises per person is 18 m2 of the total area. A family with two people is entitled to 42 m2, and a person living in an apartment under a social tenancy agreement is entitled to a little more than 30 m2.

In addition, certain categories of the population may be provided with additional living space of more than 20 m2. These include people with certain chronic diseases, citizens with the rank of police colonel or higher, and those who have received an academic degree or rank.

Explosion and fire hazard of premises

Fire safety standards for premises (or NPB 105-03) determine the procedure for classifying premises into categories based on fire and explosion hazard. They are designed taking into account the volume and fire hazard characteristics of the materials located in the building, as well as production processes.

According to fire and explosion hazards, premises are divided into categories A, B, B1, B2, B3, B4, D and D.

1. A (explosion and fire hazard) - the presence of flammable gases, flammable liquids, the ignition temperature of which does not exceed 28 ° C, substances and materials that explode and burn upon contact with oxygen or water.
2. B (explosion and fire hazard) - the presence of flammable dust or fibers, flammable liquids with a flash point above 28°C, flammable substances that can form an explosive air-steam mixture.
3. B1 - B4 (fire hazardous) - the presence of flammable and difficult to combust liquids, substances and materials that can ignite when in contact with oxygen, water or with each other.
4. G - the presence of non-combustible substances and materials (hot, red-hot or molten), flammable gases, liquids and solids used as fuel.
5. D - the presence of non-combustible substances and materials in a cold state.

Fire safety requirements for residential premises

The basic fire safety rules for residential premises include the following:

Fire safety of non-residential premises

The basic fire safety requirements for non-residential premises include:

1. Unimpeded transport access to each non-residential (industrial) building must be ensured.
2. Garages, warehouses, workshops, workshops, etc. should have one floor, and administrative buildings - 2-3 floors.
3. Rooms containing excess heat, harmful gases, vapors and dust must be located near the outer wall of the building.
4. The room with flammable materials must have its own exit to the street.
5. Each industrial or commercial premises must have fire extinguishers in the quantity established by regulatory documentation.
6. In the event of a fire in a non-residential premises (if required by regulatory documentation), there must be a fully equipped fire shield.
7. Non-residential real estate must meet the requirements for premises specified in the document NPB105-03.

Despite the many codes and rules that a premises must comply with in order to be allowed to operate, strict adherence to them ensures comfortable and safe living and working conditions.