Balance sheet sample watch. Basic rules for filling out the balance. III. Capital and reserves
The balance sheet is a reporting document that identifies assets and their sources in value terms at a specific date. This document consists of 2 tables:
The balance sheet is included in the accounting (financial) statements submitted annually by all commercial and non-commercial enterprises. The obligation to prepare an interim balance sheet is provided for by local regulations of organizations. An interim accounting report is submitted to the controlling state authorities in the event of the liquidation of the enterprise.
How to draw up the balance sheet correctly?
All organizations, without exception, must annually submit the balance sheet to the Federal Tax Service and state statistics bodies, regardless of the chosen tax regime. Before drawing up a report, you must:
- Check the correctness and timeliness of the reflection in the accounting of all business transactions;
- Generate balance sheets for accounts in the context of sub-accounts;
- Summarize data from accounting ledgers and general ledger.
Thousands of rubles or millions of rubles are used to reflect information in the main accounting document. Depending on the choice of the unit of measurement, the OCEI code is put on the title page.
Requirements for filling out the balance are presented in accordance with the rules for filling in the required details:
- The reporting period;
- Full name of the enterprise in accordance with the Charter;
- Main activity code;
- OPF property code;
- Units;
- Legal address;
- Approval dates.
Important: an organization can use a unified balance sheet in its work, or it can develop its own, indicating all the required details.
Sections of the main accounting document are a table of indicators, each of which is an independent item of the balance sheet. All items of the balance sheet have their own code designation - line number and are calculated according to the appropriate formulas:
The basic rules for drawing up the balance sheet include:
- The compliance of the specified information at the beginning of the registered period with the data at the end of the previous period must be observed.
- It is impossible to offset between the amounts of assets and liabilities, between indicators of the financial result of activities, except in cases regulated by law.
- The indicators reflected in the balance sheet, requiring confirmation, must be confirmed by the data of the inventory statements, acts and calculations.
When drawing up a report, it must be remembered that the information collected in form 1 must be the same or close in value to the data reflected in other forms of financial statements and in tax returns.
The general rules do not provide for the procedure for rounding amounts when drawing up form1 and form2, therefore the organization itself must develop a methodology and approve it by a local regulatory act. If the change in the information contained in the balance sheet for previous periods has lost its relevance not as a result of correcting errors in accounting, but as a result of changes in legislation, then such indicators do not need to be corrected.
Lines summarizing data on several assets are disclosed in the notes to the document. The explanations provide background information on the analytical component of the indicators. The decryption should contain subentries and the corresponding amounts for each generalized position.
Important: the sum of all lines of the balance sheet asset must be identical to the sum of all lines of the liability.
The procedure for filling out an asset balance
Form 1 asset consists of 2 sections:
- Current assets;
- Fixed assets.
All types of property, funds and debts to be collected are the assets of the enterprise. Depending on the degree of liquidity, they are referred to the first or the second section:
- Current assets include property with high liquidity, that is, something that can be sold in a short time and received money, for example, inventory.
- Non-current assets include property with low liquidity, the implementation period of which takes a long time, for example, fixed assets.
The lines of the 1st section of the asset are calculated using the following formulas:
Important: in order for the document to show signs of a good balance sheet, it is necessary to have analytical information on each of the accounting accounts.
The second section of the balance sheet is filled in by accounts:
Important: the amount of balances on active accounts that are not part of the general information is entered in the certificate of the presence of valuables on off-balance accounts.
The procedure for filling the liability balance
The liability of the main accounting document of a commercial organization consists of 3 sections:
- Capital and reserves;
- Long term duties;
- Short-term liabilities.
The liabilities of the balance sheet indicate the sources of formation of the property of the enterprise. The information reflected in it allows you to find out the aggregate financial result of the organization's activities for a certain period.
The amounts of the lines of the 3rd section of the balance sheet are calculated based on the following data:
The economic indicator of the financial result must be reflected in accordance with the date as of which the calculation is made:
- If in the period the profit was distributed among the founders, then only the balance after the payment of dividends is taken into account.
- If retained earnings remain from the previous period, then the result of the current year is added to the previous balance.
Important: the section "Capital and reserves" discloses information about the availability of own sources for the formation of wealth. The higher the value of the capital, the more reliable the position of the enterprise.
The lines of the 4th section include information:
The inclusion of debt in the composition of short-term or long-term is at the discretion of the organization itself. It can transfer debts from one category to another during the reporting period on the basis of the provisions provided for by the accounting policy.
Important: long-term liabilities include only such debt, the maturity of which does not come within the next 12 months.
The 5th section of the balance sheet includes indicators: 
Before filling out form1, it is recommended to make a reconciliation with suppliers and buyers to correctly enter information on the availability of receivables and payables.
Important: compliance with the procedure for drawing up the balance sheet increases the reliability of the reflected information, which is necessary, since the financial statements disclose the financial condition of the organization as of the reporting date.
The balance sheet is one of the main financial statements of any company. It reflects many basic indicators characterizing the property status of the company. It is used not only within the company, but also by many third parties, including regulatory authorities. Therefore, the correctness of the preparation of the document is of particular relevance when preparing reports.
The indicators reflected in, indicate the financial position of the company. They are necessary for the enterprise itself to have an accurate idea of the results of its activities obtained for a specific period: month, quarter, year.
All firms are required to maintain and submit a balance sheet annually to various persons:
- tax inspectorate;
- statistical government bodies;
- shareholders.
The document shows the financial stability of the company. Therefore, it is used by counterparties: existing and potential partners, clients, banking institutions, government agencies.
The balance is determined Not only the current state of the company, but also predicted the results of its future activities. Banks calculate on it the creditworthiness of a legal entity in the course of assessing it as a potential client for servicing and lending.
The balance sheet should be drawn up in a certain form for presentation in a convenient way to users. Usually it is issued according to the form No. 1, which was approved by the Ministry of Finance in 2010. The form is not binding, therefore it can be modified depending on the specifics of the business and the needs of the company.
For internal use, various forms are created, classified on various grounds:
- By frequency: balance (for a specific date) and circulating (turnover for a specific period).
- According to the initial data: inventory or accounting balance.
- On the accounting of regulatory articles.
- Depending on the volume: full and short (simplified) report.
- The document can be preliminary, intermediate, final, forecast.
- Regarding the event: introductory, unifying, dividing, liquidating.
This list is not closed. There are other classifications of report forms used by enterprises depending on their needs, interests, and characteristics.
Rules and techniques of compilation
When filling out the document, it is necessary to take into account the following most important rules:
- Formation of the balance sheet for December 31.
- Reflection of similar indicators for the two previous years (also at 31 December). They can be taken from previous reports.
- Use to fill in the information of the balance sheet.
- Indicators are entered in whole numbers with rounding according to the usual mathematical rules.
- The amounts are indicated in thousands or millions of rubles, depending on their size.
- The lines in which the company does not have information are marked with dashes.
- Negative measures are enclosed in parentheses and subtracted when calculating totals.
The main rule of the balance sheet: equality of the total values of assets and liabilities. If it is not complied with, it is impossible to submit a report to the state authorities.
There are some important nuances that must be taken into account when drawing up a document:
- the indicators of the beginning of the reporting period must correspond to the data of the end of the previous one;
- all information must be confirmed.
How to fill in article by article and line by line
The document consists of two parts: active and passive. The first reflects data on the property of the company. Working capital and are shown separately. The second part shows the sources of formation of the property of the firm. It includes three sections:
- capital and reserves of the company;
- its long-term obligations to creditors (for more than a year);
- short-term liabilities of the company (with a maturity of less than one year).
Total in the balance sheet 5 sections: 2 to reflect the property and 3 for information about the sources of its formation. Each of them is assigned its own digital encoding, which includes four characters.
All codes start with "1"... The second number indicates the belonging to a particular section. For example, the line "1110" shows the amount of intangible assets held by the firm, which is included in the first section.
The line "1370" reflects the retained earnings of the company relating to the third section of the document.
An example of filling in for 2018
For the correct compilation of the balance sheet for 2018, it is worth using illustrative examples for filling out.
Table 1 - Filling in the company's non-current assets.
| Encoding | Debit | Amount, thousand rubles |
|---|---|---|
| 1110 | Dt count. 08.5 (admission) + Dt count. 04 - Dt count. 05 | 3200 |
| 1120 | Dt count. 04 | - |
| 1130 | Dt count. 08 (reflection of expenses for the development of natural resources, if any), the subaccount for the normative legal acts is applied | - |
| 1140 | Dt count. 08 (reflection of the costs incurred in the development of natural resources by companies using them), a subaccount is taken for the costs of the MPA | - |
| 1150 | Dt count. 01 - CT count. 02 + Dt count. 08 (subaccount is taken for accounting of fixed assets that have not been put into operation) | 2785868 |
| 1160 | Dt count. 03 - CT count. 02 (subaccount is used for depreciation of funds that are related to income investments) | - |
| 1170 | Dt count. 58 + Dt count. 55 (sub-account for deposits) + Dt count. 73 (correspondent subaccount of loan settlements) - CT acc. 59 (subaccount is taken to account for reserves for long-term financial liabilities) | 413563 |
| 1180 | Dt count. 09 | 19712 |
| 1190 | All other non-current assets of the company, not included in separate lines | 1082222 |
| 1110 | Summing all lines | 4304565 |
Table 2 - Procedure for entering current assets.
| Encoding | Indicator / calculation procedure, explanations | |
|---|---|---|
| 1210 | Dt count. 41 - CD count. 42 + Dt count. 15 + Dt count. 16 - CT count. 14 + Dt count. 97 + the amount of account balances 10, 11, 43, 45, 20, 21, 23, 29, 44 | 5888095 |
| 1220 | Dt count. 19 | 3632 |
| 1230 | From the sum of debit balances on accounts 60, 62, 68-71, 73, 75, 76, Dt account is deducted. 63 | 378790 |
| 1240 | Dt 59 | 1059000 |
| 1250 | The debit balances of accounts 50-52, 55, 57 are added up and the balance of sub-account 55 on deposits is deducted | 5463 |
| 1260 | Other current assets of the company, not included in separate lines | 87785 |
| 1200 | Summing all lines | 7422765 |
| 1600 | Summing up the totals of sections 1 and 2 (p. 1100 + p. 1200) | 11727330 |
Table 3 - Contributions of capital and reserves of the company.
| Encoding | Balance / settlement procedure, explanations | Practical example: amount, thousand rubles. |
|---|---|---|
| 1310 | CT count. 80 | 9767 |
| 1320 | Dt count. 08 | - |
| 1340 | CT count. 83 (subaccount is used for the sum of revaluation of fixed assets and intangible assets) | 18226 |
| 1350 | CT count. 83 (except for the amount reflected in line 1340) | - |
| 1360 | CT count. 82 | 488 |
| 1370 | CT. count. 84 | 1019779 |
| 1300 | Summing all lines | 10348260 |
Table 4 - Reflection of long-term liabilities of the firm.
| Encoding | Balance / settlement procedure, explanations | Practical example: amount, thousand rubles. |
|---|---|---|
| 1410 | CT count. 67 (the amount of accrued interest is reflected, with a maturity period of no more than one year) | - |
| 1420 | CT count. 77 | 262767 |
| 1430 | CT count. 96 | - |
| 1450 | Debt is reflected that is not included in individual lines of the section | - |
| 1400 | Summing all lines | 262767 |
Table 5 - Introduction of short-term liabilities of the enterprise.
| Encoding | Calculation procedure, account balances, explanations | Practical example: amount, thousand rubles. |
|---|---|---|
| 1510 | Addition of the credit balance on accounts 66 and 67 (the amount of accrued interest, the maturity of which is more than one year) | 100000 |
| 1520 | The amount of credit balances on accounts: 60, 62, 68-71, 73, 75 (debt up to a year), 76 | 904685 |
| 1530 | Summing up credit balances for accounts 86 and 98 | - |
| 1540 | CT count. 96 (only commitments for more than one year) | 111618 |
| 1550 | Other debt with a short maturity | - |
| 1500 | The overall result of all lines | 1116303 |
| 1700 | Summing up the totals of all sections of the liability | 11727330 |
After the distribution of the indicators on the balance sheet, the final parameters are calculated from the balance sheet:
all assets reflected in line 1600: 4304565 + 7422765 = 11727330 thousand rubles;
all liabilities for line 1700: 10348260 + 262767 + 1116303 = 11727330 thousand rubles.
The results obtained need to be compared. If they are equal, then the document is drawn up correctly.
The balance sheet is a table in which the used accounting accounts are located. Moreover, the accounts are arranged in ascending order of numbers.
The balance sheet reflects the balances at the beginning of the period, turnovers and balances at the end of the period, that is, the statement is generated for a certain period (for example, month, quarter, year).
We will not have an initial balance, since the conduct of activities is considered from scratch, directly from the moment the authorized capital is formed.
We will consistently transfer turnovers and balances for each accounting account. We will also calculate the total turnover and the final balance of all accounts for Debit and Credit.
From this table you can see that the total turnover for Debit and Credit accounts is the same. This means that business transactions are reflected correctly, and accounting entries
formed correctly.
Let's, on the basis of the balance sheet, form the Balance Sheet in 1C 8.3 accounting. The balance sheet will be presented in a simplified form, and here only those indicators that were associated with the solution of the problem under consideration. For example, there are no non-current assets and this section will not be deciphered.
We will fill in the balance sheet in stages, from the first item, Inventories. This article displays materials, goods, finished goods, work in progress.
Let's turn to the balance sheet and see what is on the balances. The sum of materials and work in progress is 20,000.00 rubles. (amount for 10 and 20 accounts).
The next article is Accounts Receivable.
This is the total amount on the debit of accounts 60, 71 and 75, which is 53,000.00 rubles. Next article - Cash and cash equivalents. Funds are displayed on 50 and 51 accounts. The total balance of these accounts is 32,000.00 rubles. Let's calculate the balance sheet currency - 105,000.00 rubles. These data coincide with the data of the balance sheet.
Now let's fill in the data on the balance sheet liability. Authorized capital - RUB 100,000.00 Let's calculate accounts payable. Let us turn to the settlement accounts - 60, 71 and 75. The total credit balance of these accounts is 5,000.00 rubles. (amount on account 60).
Balance currency 105,000.00 rubles. Please note that the balance currency is the same in both the Asset and the Liability, that is, the total of the Asset is equal to the total of the Liability. And this suggests that the balance sheet in 1C accounting is formed correctly.
Let's, based on the data on the accounting accounts, form a balance sheet in our 1C program, and draw up a balance sheet.
Accounting tasks with solutions
In this section you will find solved accounting problems (a small part of them). Pay attention to the years mentioned in the solutions of problems, the legislation in the field of accounting is changing rapidly and some calculations in the solutions may be outdated at the moment.
If you need help with tasks, coursework, tests - we will be happy to help: Custom accounting. See more examples in: Ready-made Accounting Tests.
Job catalog
Objective 1. Determine the turnovers and balances on the current account (final balance):
a) the balance of funds at the beginning of the month was 3,000,000 rubles.
b) the following business transactions were carried out for the billing month
1) 10 / XX received from the current account and capitalized at the cash desk money - 1,000,000 rubles.
2) On 15 / XX, the debt to suppliers of 800,000 rubles was repaid.
3) On 15 / XX, taxes were transferred to the budget of 600,000 rubles.
4) 20 / XX, funds are transferred at the location of the reporting entity RUB 8400.
5) On 21 / XX, 200,000 rubles were transferred from the current account and recorded at the cash desk.
6) for the billing period, proceeds from the sale of 1,200,000 rubles were credited to the settlement account.
solving the problem on turnovers and balances
Objective 2. On the basis of business transactions, open synthetic accounting accounts and write down the amounts of the initial balances in them. After registering each transaction in the journal, write it down on the accounts.
Calculate the actual cost of manufactured products, financial results from the sale of products, other operations, income tax, net profit of the enterprise. Withdraw the final account balances.
According to the accounts, draw up a turnover sheet, a balance sheet at the beginning and end of the reporting period, a statement of financial results, a statement of cash flows for the reporting period.
solution of a cross-cutting problem in accounting 2 (15 pages)
Objective 3. 1. Make accounting entries for all business transactions for 2012. with the necessary calculations.
2. Open the necessary accounts, calculate the monthly turnover and withdraw the balance at the end of the period.
3. Calculate the actual cost of goods sold for March 2012.
4. Draw up a turnover sheet with the allocation of the necessary subaccounts as of April 01, 2012.
5.
solving the accounting problem 3
Task 4. Based on the data to complete the task:
1. Prepare and fill out a business transaction log.
2. Open schemas of accounts and reflect business transactions in them.
3. Calculate the turnover for the month and display the balances at the end of the month.
4. Determine and write off the result from the sale of products.
5. Draw up a turnover sheet for synthetic accounts.
6. Draw up the balance sheet of Kedr LLC as of May 1, 2013.
Accounting problem with solution 4
Task 5. 1.Open synthetic accounts and write the balances on them at the beginning of the month
2. Draw up a journal of business transactions for the month. Make the necessary calculations for operations.
3. Record monthly transactions on the accounts and calculate the totals of turnovers on debit and credit. Withdraw balances at the beginning of the next month.
4. Draw up a turnover sheet for synthetic accounts.
5. Draw up the balance sheet for the beginning of the next month according to the turnover sheet.
solution of end-to-end accounting problem 5 (23 pages)
Task 6. The money received for the services provided was 54,870 rubles. The material was capitalized to the warehouse of 5648 rubles. The salary of the main employees was accrued in the amount of 45793 rubles. Wages paid to employees in the amount of 5267 rubles. paid for stationery 12,500 rubles. transferred UST in the amount of 25,000 rubles and personal income tax in the amount of 45,600 rubles. Materials written off for production 45870 rubles. The invoices were accepted for the transport company in the amount of 63,287 rubles. finished products were transferred to the warehouse 45,839 rubles. Make a journal of business transactions (content of the document debit credit amount) make posting (airplanes)
Accounting planes example
Task 7. The company has property on its balance sheet, the residual value is:
As of 01.01.2013 - 2,345,000 rubles.
As of 01.02.2013 - 2,294,700 rubles.
As of 01.03.2013 - 2,175,300 rubles.
As of 01.04.2013 - 3,187,600 rubles.
Determine the average annual value of the property. Calculate an advance payment and transfer to the budget. (Make an airplane and wiring)
Solving the problem of property
Problem 8. Draw up accounting entries and determine the type of business transaction that affects changes in the balance sheet
Drafting postings
Free solutions to various economic problems
In this article, I was going to show you how to make a balance sheet from SALT. However, having figured out how I would do it, I realized that I would start using the rules and terms of accounting. And I'm not sure that you and I will get the same understanding of them. Therefore, I came up with this.
I am not interested in writing a purely theoretical article. I want to involve you, so that together we go from "reviewing the SALT" to filling out the balance sheet.
For this I have my own approach: giving new knowledge, I strive to repeat the previous ones. In other words, we repeat the knowledge that serves as a support for us for new ones.
I want to note that in this series of articles about filling out the balance sheet, I will talk about general ideas, basic rules, and show how to do it. Together with me, you will go all the way to create a balance based on the SALT of a real enterprise.
So let's go ...
Here is the OSV of a working enterprise. In the previous article, we prepared it for balance sheet creation.
Here's what we should do now:
- download the balance sheet and open it
- in the name column write the name of the invoice. You don't have to look at the chart of accounts. There is no need to achieve some exact coincidence of the name of the account with what it is called in the chart of accounts. Just remember and write. It is enough that your name reflects the essence of the account. For example... I will call the 50th account "Cashier". And in the chart of accounts, it can be called "Cashier of the enterprise".
- in the column "AP" for each account put down what it is, "A - active account", "P - passive account" or "AP - active-passive account". prompt: Active accounts- these are the ones that store information about what the company has and this is "that" that helps the company to work and earn money. Usually "it" can be touched. Active accounts always have a debit balance, or zero. Passive accounts- these are the debts / obligations of our company. This is just information about the amounts owed. Passive accounts always have a credit balance, or zero.
Of course, putting down "A, P and AP" is not an easy task. Here you need knowledge, some reflection. I agree that there are invoices where you can immediately issue, and somewhere to use the hint and put down the desired characteristic. Either way, place it where you can. And fill in the remaining empty cells according to the chart of accounts. Download the chart of accounts of accounting.
As soon as you solve the problem, compare with what happened to me.
Some General Rules and Observations
I assume, reader, you remember that accounting records collect and store information about the activities of an enterprise. All information is divided according to certain criteria. So, account code and name serves as a separation criterion. As a result, the OSV shows all involved in our company accounting accounts. From the SALT, we can see what information has been collected.
But, balance sheet collects business information in a different way.
At first, the balance sheet divides the information into ASSET and LIABILITY.
Secondly, inside ASSET and PASSIVE information is divided into certain groups. Each such group is an economic indicator.
Ultimately, the SALT in the balance sheet is simply regrouped.
- All debit balances, and these are accounts with characteristic A, go to the "ASSET balances" section
- All credit balances, and these are accounts with characteristic P, go to the section "LIABILITY OF THE BALANCE"
- Accounts with the AP characteristic go to the balance as follows: if there is a debit balance, it goes to the ASSET, if there is a credit balance, it goes to the LIABILITY.
The received amount in ASSET or LIABILITY is entered into the specific name of the economic indicator. The basis for the amount to be included in the economic indicator will be the name of the account, or, when it is not clear, we use the law on filling out the balance sheet. Well, we will very soon start filling in the balance.
Fixed assets and intangible assets when filling out the balance sheet
Fixed assets are inextricably linked with such a concept as depreciation (accounted for on account 02). Depreciation is the gradual decrease in the initial cost of an asset associated with operating the asset. The process of depreciation of the OS takes place over a certain period of time, but more than a year. As a result, everything will come to the fact that the amount of depreciation is equal to the original cost of the asset.
Look in the OSV... On account 01, the amounts of all fixed assets are taken into account at their initial values. On account 02, the depreciation amounts of these fixed assets are taken into account. Now you are asking yourself how does this relate to the balance sheet?
It would seem that, according to the rules for distributing the amounts from the SALT to the balance, we must send the amounts from account 01 to the ASSET, and send the amounts from the 02 account to the LIABILITY of the balance. However, there is an exception for Fixed Assets.
Its essence lies in the fact that before sending the amount to the balance sheet, we take the amounts from 01, subtract the amounts from 02 and send the resulting amount to where ????
IN THE ASSETS of the balance. Because depreciation can never be more than the original cost of the asset, and therefore the difference between 01-02 will always be in debit. 01 account (A)> 02 account (P). Well, as a last resort, it will be 0.
The situation is exactly the same with 04 and 05 accounts. It takes into account the assets of the enterprise that do not have a physical object, like a machine tool or a machine. Account 04 records such assets of the enterprise as licenses, exclusive right to a patent, exclusive right to software, etc. Their term of use is also more than 12 months and they are not intended for resale. Everything is like with the OS. Depreciation of Intangible Assets (intangible assets) is accounted for on account 05.
CONCLUSION
Finishing this article, I propose to do a practical task. We'll work a little with the numbers from the OS. The task is:
- divide your sheet in a notebook or notebook into two columns: "Active" and "Passive"
- from OSV we will work with the column "Balance at the beginning of the period"
- according to all the learned rules in this article - write out accounts and amounts, what can be attributed to the "Asset", and what to the "Passive"
- in each column, calculate the total of all amounts
- compare the total amount of the "Asset" and the total amount of the "Liability"
To complete the task, you already have the previously downloaded OSV. If you haven't downloaded yet, then download here.
Perhaps now we are ready to fill out the balance sheet. In the next article we will do this. I invite you.
P.S.
Everything does not go out of my head this article.
There is a feeling of incompleteness, or something. The goal is clear - to lead you, the reader, to fill out the balance. Make sure that you are as prepared as possible for this action. And, although I have to get out to get the explanation at an understandable level, there is still something missing in this article.
I understand that there will be questions anyway, but I want to keep them to a minimum. I think that I will remove some of these questions in advance. Before we start filling out the balance sheet form, I suggest to do some more work with SALT.
Here's what we need to do.
- we continue to work with the first column of the SALT - "opening balance"
- write out the accounts that you believe are collecting information about our firm's debts. You can immediately start writing out those invoices that you know, and they are in the OSV. You can go the opposite way - cross out those accounts that are responsible for the property of the company, for what you can touch. The remaining accounts are what you need.
- The bills written out have amounts in "Debit" or "Credit", or even there and there. Write down the invoice, each of its amounts, and write what kind of debt it is - "Should our company" or "Our company should"
- Remember the accounting names for "Debt to our firm" and "Our firm owes."
In parentheses for these names, write the accounting terms for each amount. Read this article for a hint.
How do you do, compare with what happened to me.
Financial analysis of an enterprise in MS Excel
A selection of financial analysis in the excel tables of the company from various authors.
Excel tables Popova A.A. will allow you to carry out financial analysis: calculate business activity, solvency, profitability, financial stability, aggregated balance sheet, analyze the structure of balance sheet assets, coefficient and dynamic analysis based on 1 and 2 forms of the company's financial statements.
Download financial analysis in excel from Popov
Excel tables of financial analysis of the enterprise Zaikovsky V.E. (Director for Economics and Finance of OJSC "Tomsk Plant of Measuring Equipment") allow, on the basis of 1 and 2 forms of external accounting reporting, to calculate the bankruptcy of an enterprise according to the Altman, Taffler and Lis model, assess the financial condition of the enterprise in terms of liquidity, financial stability, condition of fixed assets , asset turnover, profitability. In addition, a connection is found between the insolvency of an enterprise with the state's debt to it. There are graphs of changes in the assets and liabilities of the enterprise over time.
Download financial analysis in excel from Zaikovsky
Excel tables for financial analysis from V.I. Malakhov allow you to calculate the balance in percentage form, an assessment of management efficiency, an assessment of financial (market) stability, an assessment of liquidity and solvency, an assessment of profitability, business activity, the position of an enterprise on the RZB, Altman's model. Diagrams of the balance sheet asset, the dynamics of proceeds, the dynamics of gross and net profit, the dynamics of debt are built.
Download financial analysis in excel from Malakhov
Excel spreadsheets of financial analysis Repina V.V. calculate cash flows, profit-loss, changes in debt, changes in inventories, the dynamics of changes in balance sheet items, financial indicators in GAAP format. They will allow you to carry out the coefficient financial analysis of the enterprise.
Download financial analysis in excel from Repin
Excel tables Salova A.N., Maslova V.G. will allow you to carry out a spectrum - a point analysis of the financial condition. The spectrum point method is the most reliable method of financial and economic analysis. Its essence lies in the analysis of financial ratios by comparing the obtained values with the standard values; in this case, a system of "spreading" these values over the zones of remoteness from the optimal level is used. The analysis of financial ratios is carried out by comparing the obtained values with the recommended standard values, which play the role of threshold standards. The more distant the value of the coefficients from the standard level, the lower the degree of financial well-being and the higher the risk of falling into the category of insolvent enterprises.
Download financial analysis in excel from Maslov
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Accounting courses. Step6. Learning to balance
If you want to become a chief accountant, then you should definitely learn how to make a balance sheet. It is the direct responsibility of the chief accountant to make a balance at the end of each quarter. So if you want to learn how to balance sheet, take accounting courses and you will learn how to make a balance sheet and how to generate tax returns. You will surely get a better paying job! It is cheaper to learn everything from a professional than to retrain later! all information on the Accounting Courses page.
To get a free step of the course "How to become a chief accountant",
write me an email [email protected] "Please send the first step of the course."
6.1 What is included in the "Balance" of the organization.
Accounting courses it is impossible to build without detailed information about building the balance. So, we learn how to balance. In the numerous literature on accounting, for some reason, the process of preparing a balance sheet is not described anywhere. There are many articles on how to fill out a balance, what to reflect in certain lines of balances, but nowhere is it described in understandable human language how to do it. Therefore, when I was a novice chief accountant, I had to turn to more experienced colleagues for help.
If you have someone to turn to during the preparation of your first balance, that's great! My task is to tell you the essentials about how to prepare a balance sheet, and you can find out the details of what to include in the balance lines from the literature yourself.
The balance sheet is submitted to the tax office four times a year: for the 1st quarter, for 6 months, for 9 months and for a year.
The figurative word "Balance" includes:
— Balance sheet(form No. 1);
— Report profit and loss (form N 2);
— Report about changes in capital (form N 3);
— Report cash flow (form N 4);
— Application to the balance sheet (form N 5);
- an explanatory note.
However, small businesses do not hand over Form 3, Form 4 and Form 5. Therefore, in the framework of our training, we will not consider them.
The balance is submitted to the tax office before the 30th day of the month following the last month of the quarter. Those. for the first quarter - before April 30, for the second quarter - before July 30, for the third quarter - before September 30, and annual reports must be submitted to the tax office before March 30 of the next year.
Balance sheet forms change frequently, so if you do not have a consulting program on your computer where you can get the latest versions of the forms, you can buy a complete package of balance sheet forms with all the latest changes from your tax office. When you do the balance for the first time, it is better to do so in order not to search in the program, but to get a ready-made balance package.
Before proceeding with the preparation of the balance sheet, you must audit all accounts. For a better understanding, we will assume that our organization is engaged in wholesale trade. So it will be more clear.
You need to start with cash accounts - account 51 "Current account" and 50 "Cashier".
In our reasoning, I will keep in mind that you use a computer in your work, and use one of the accounting programs (we will talk about this in more detail later). I cannot imagine that someone is doing accounting manually.
The advantage of using accounting programs is that you only need to enter transactions for all primary documents, and the program generates all reports on accounts (statements, account cards, etc.) by itself.
So, you post all bank statements, thereby forming account 51. At the same time, you compare the balance of account 51 (the balance at the end), which you got, with the bank statement. To see the balance at the end, for some account, you just need to generate a statement on this account for a month. An account statement is a report that shows all account transactions for the month. In our training, we studied how an account is formed on the account structure. So this account structure is the account statement.
Next, we post all cash documents, thereby forming account 50. At the same time, you compare the balance of account 50 (balance at the end), which you got, with the balance of money in the cash register. At the same time, we check whether the cash documents are correctly drawn up, whether all signatures are on receipts and receipts.
So, we have dealt with money accounts.
The next step is to check the accounts of goods and fixed assets. To do this, you check whether all documents from vendors have been posted (invoices). For example, according to the receipt documents, you received goods for 200,000 rubles. excluding VAT and VAT 200,000 * 18% = 36,000 rubles. You must check that the turnover on the debit of account 41 "Goods" is equal to 200000 rubles.
In this case, you sold the goods and the cost of the goods sold is 50,000. This means that the credit of account 41 should be equal to 50,000.
Further, on the 41st account there is some kind of balance. This is the value of the goods remaining at the end of the period. When you post incoming and outgoing documents to the accounting program, the program itself calculates the amount of goods that came to the warehouse, that left the warehouse, and the amount of goods that remained in the warehouse. You should compare this data with the reports of the storekeepers every month. If the data matches, great! If not, it is necessary to make an extraordinary inventory in the warehouse in order to understand the situation.
After you have dealt with the accounts of material values, check account 60 "Settlements with suppliers". With each supplier, at the end of the month, you need to have a reconciliation report signed by both parties. You should check if the balance of the suppliers, which was obtained on the 60th account for each supplier, matches the reconciliation statement. If not, it means an error has crept in somewhere. Perhaps not all documents for the supply of goods are reflected, or the payment accidentally fell on another supplier.
62/90 reflected the buyer's debt.
90/68 VAT was charged.
90/41 wrote off the cost of goods sold.
90/44 have written off the costs that are attributable to the reporting period.
90/99 reflects the financial result.
I have now written the transactions without sub-accounts for the 90th account, in order to remind once again the general scheme, and with the sub-accounts these transactions were detailed in detail when we talked about the sale (sale).
After that, you check the correctness of settlements with customers. You also need to have a reconciliation report with each buyer, the amount of which must match the balance of the buyer on account 62 "Settlements with buyers"
You can see that the 99th account has your profit.
After all these steps, you print the "balance sheet". The turnover balance sheet is a report that shows the amount of balances at the beginning of the period for all accounts, monthly turnovers for debit and credit and the balance at the end.
This is your balance (form 1)! The debit balances (end balances) of the accounts are the asset of your balance, and the credit balances of the accounts are the liability of your balance.
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The balance sheet is a statement that is mandatory for almost every enterprise. This document is necessary for a complete display of the processes that take place within the company, but not everyone has an idea of how to draw it up correctly. This issue is especially relevant for people who have just registered an enterprise and are faced with such a procedure for the first time. Let's consider such a question in our article using an example for dummies and try to formulate a number of recommendations that can help in drawing up a balance sheet.
Balance structure
Before proceeding to consider such issues, it should be noted that the balance sheet allows you to make a forecast for the development of an enterprise for the short and long term. In other words, using the balance sheet, the financial solvency of the company and its economic status, the firmness of the organization and the level of its interaction with other firms are determined.
The balance sheet has a certain structure. There are two tables in the document. The first table is the assets of the company, and the second is the liabilities:
An asset can include all the property of an enterprise, which can be converted into monetary terms. The group of such assets includes: equipment, vehicles, buildings that are owned by the company. Also, the assets of the enterprise include the amounts owed by other legal entities. All specified indicators are displayed in the balance sheet in value terms. In other words, an asset is all property and assets that are at the disposal of the enterprise.
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An asset has its own structure, within which non-current assets are indicated. This group includes the funds that the company uses for a long time to carry out entrepreneurial activities - these are buildings, structures, equipment. The second section of assets is current assets, which indicate the amount of funds that are used by the company for a short period and are constantly in need of replenishment - these are materials, stocks, raw materials:
The liability is used to display the sources of funds receipt, which are indicated in the asset balance. This section also has its own structure and includes blocks: authorized and equity capital of the company, loans and credits, external liabilities. The three main sections are called:
- funds owned by the company;
- the amount of long-term liabilities;
- wages and accounts payable to suppliers.
The main task in drawing up a balance is to achieve equality between these two parts. The document is drawn up according to Form 1, approved back in 2010. This form is rather a recommended document and can be modified due to the peculiarities of the enterprise. In order to make it clear how the balance is calculated, we will give a simple example:
Technique and procedure for drawing up the balance sheet
The balance sheet is formed by the responsible person in the course of filling in separate lines of the form. When filling out, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of the company's activities, as well as correctly distribute the indicators.
Both tables of the report include lines where indicators characterizing the financial position of the company are indicated and for each there is a separate serial number with the name of the position.
The total amount of the asset is formed on the basis of the entered indicators, by adding them:
According to the same principle, the liabilities of the balance sheet are filled:
If a zero indicator is entered in separate lines of the balance sheet, then this fact should be reflected in the accompanying documentation. When filling out, designations in thousands or millions of rubles are used. The choice of indicator is determined in the header of the form when filling out the balance:
It is quite simple to draw up a balance sheet if you have an idea of the rules for its formation, as well as take into account the peculiarities and nuances of the distribution of the company's assets and liabilities.
The general form of the balance sheet is given in Appendix No. 1 to Order No. 66n.
You cannot remove any lines from the approved form, but you can enter additional lines if you wish.
For example, if an organization wants to separately show deferred expenses in the balance sheet, then you can independently add a special line to the "Current assets" section.
The balance in general form has columns in which indicators are given for each item:
- as of the reporting date (when filling out the balance sheet for 2016 - as of December 31, 2016);
- as of December 31 of the previous year (when completing the balance sheet for 2016 - as of December 31, 2015);
- as of December 31 of the year preceding the previous one (when filling the balance sheet for 2014 - as of December 31, 2014).
Column 3 of the organization is added independently to put down the line code in it.
The balance contains two parts - an asset and a liability, which must be equal to each other.
The asset reflects the amount of non-current and circulating assets, and in the liabilities - the amount of equity and borrowed funds, as well as accounts payable.
The codes of indicators that are indicated in the balance sheet are given in Appendix No. 4 to the Order of the Ministry of Finance dated 02.07.2010 No. 66n.
Balance filling rules
The balance is always drawn up for a specific date (clause 18 of PBU 4/99).In addition, the balance sheet provides similar data as of December 31 of the last and the year before last (clause 10 of PBU 4/99).
This data must be taken from the balance sheet for the last year.
To fill out the balance sheet, you must create a balance sheet for all accounts for the year.
On the basis of the balance of accounting accounts (subaccounts), balance lines are formed from the balance sheet.
If there is no data in the balance sheet to fill out any balance lines (for example, line 1130 "Intangible search assets", line 1140 "Tangible search assets"), then in this case a dash is put down (Letter of the Ministry of Finance dated 09.01.2013 No. 07 -02-18 / 01).
The procedure for filling out individual balance lines
Now let's look at the procedure for filling out individual balance lines.Section I. Non-current assets
Intangible assets. The residual value of intangible assets is reflected in line 1110. Clause 3 of PBU 14/2007 "Accounting for intangible assets", approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 27, 2007 No. 153n, allows you to find out what belongs to this group. So, in order to accept an object for accounting as an intangible asset, it is necessary that the following conditions are fulfilled at the same time:- the object is able to bring economic benefits in the future, and the organization has the right to receive them;
- the object can be separated or separated (identified) from other assets;
- the object is intended to be used for a long time, that is, its useful life exceeds 12 months;
- it is possible to reliably determine the actual (initial) cost of the object;
- the object has no material form.
Intangible assets are not the costs associated with the formation of a legal entity (organizational costs), the intellectual and business qualities of the organization's personnel, their qualifications and ability to work (clause 4 of PBU 14/2007).
Research and development results. Research and development expenses accounted for on account 04 "Intangible assets" are reflected in line 1120.
Intangible and tangible search assets. These two indicators are given in lines numbered 1130 and 1140. They are intended for organizations - users of subsoil to reflect information on the costs of the development of natural resources (PBU 24/2011 "Accounting for the development of natural resources", approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 06.10.2011 No. 125n).
Fixed assets. For depreciable objects, the residual value of fixed assets is recorded in line 1150. If we are talking about non-depreciable property, then the line indicates its initial value. Assets assigned to fixed assets must comply with the conditions of clause 4 of PBU 6/01 "Accounting for Fixed Assets" approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated March 30, 2001 No. 26n.
Objects must be owned by the organization or on the basis of operational management or economic management. Property received under a lease agreement may also be classified as fixed assets if it is recorded on the lessee's balance sheet.
Objects subject to mandatory state registration of property rights are considered fixed assets from the moment they are registered, that is, like all other objects. The fact of submission of documents to the appropriate authority does not matter.
In sect. Form I of the balance there is no line "Construction in progress".
The question arises: What is the balance sheet item to reflect the cost of building real estate?
Answer: on line 1150 "Fixed assets". This is stated in clause 20 of PBU 4/99, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 06.07.1999 No. 43n. And it is best to add the decoding line "Construction in progress" to line 1150, according to which you write down the named expenses.
Profitable investments in material assets. The data on profitable investments in material assets corresponds to the indicator of line 1160. This is the residual value of the property intended for rent (leasing) and recorded on account 03. If the property was first used for production and management needs, but was later rented out, it must be reflected on a separate subaccount of account 01 as part of fixed assets. This is due to the fact that the transfer of the value of fixed assets into profitable investments and back in accounting is not provided (Letter of the Federal Tax Service of Russia dated May 19, 2005 No. GV-6-21 / [email protected]).
Financial investments. For long-term financial investments, that is, with a circulation period of more than a year, line 1170 is allocated (for short-term - line 1240, Section II "Current Assets"). Investments in subsidiaries, affiliates and other companies are also shown here. Financial investments are taken into account in the amount spent on their purchase.
The value of own shares purchased from shareholders for resale or cancellation, and interest-free loans issued to employees, do not apply to financial investments (clause 3 of PBU 19/02 "Accounting for financial investments", approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 10, 2002 No. 126n). For the first indicator, line 1320 is provided. The second indicator is reflected in the composition of accounts receivable, namely, long-term loans are shown in line 1190, short-term loans - in line 1230.
Deferred tax assets. Line 1180 "Deferred tax assets" is filled in by income tax payers. Since the "simplified" is not included in their number, it is necessary to put a dash in it.
Other noncurrent assets. Here (line 1190) shows data on non-current assets that have not been reflected in other lines of section. I balance sheet.
Section II. Current assets
Stocks. The cost of inventories is reflected in line 1210. Previously, this indicator had to be deciphered. No decryption is required in the current form. However, it is needed if the indicators included in line 1210 are significant. In this case, you should add decryption lines, for example:- raw materials and supplies;
- work in progress costs;
- finished goods and goods for resale;
- goods shipped, etc.
Receivables. This line 1230 is for short-term receivables, that is, which is expected to be settled within 12 months after the reporting date.
Financial investments (excluding cash equivalents). For these assets, line 1240 is provided, which, in particular, shows loans provided by the organization for a period of less than 12 months.
If you are determining the current market value of financial investments, use all sources of information available to you, including data from foreign organized markets or trade organizers. Such recommendations are contained in the Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 01/29/2009 07-02-18 / 01. If at the reporting date you cannot determine the market value for a previously appraised property, reflect it at the cost of the last appraisal.
Cash and cash equivalents. To fill in the line, you need to summarize the cost of cash equivalents (the balance of the corresponding sub-accounts of account 58) and balances on cash accounts (50 Cashier, 51 Current accounts, 52 Currency accounts, 55 Special accounts in banks and 57 Transfers on my way").
The concept of cash equivalents, recall, is contained in the Accounting Regulations "Statement of Cash Flows" (PBU 23/2011), approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 02.02.2011 No. 11n. Cash equivalents can include, for example, demand deposits opened with credit institutions.
Other current assets. Here (line 1260) shows data on current assets that are not reflected in other lines of section. II balance.
Section III. Capital and reserves
Authorized capital (share capital, authorized capital, partners' contributions).Line 1310 of the balance sheet reflects the amount of the authorized capital of the company. It must coincide with the amount of the authorized capital, which is fixed in the constituent documents of the company.
Own shares purchased from shareholders. We have already said that if an organization has redeemed its own shares (shares of founders) in the authorized capital not for sale, then their value is entered in line 1320. Such shares must be canceled, which automatically leads to a decrease in the authorized capital, therefore the indicator of this line as a negative value is given in brackets. But if own shares are bought out and resold, they are already considered an asset and their value must be entered in line 1260 "Other current assets".
Revaluation of non-current assets. This line is assigned the number 1340 (there is no indicator for line number 1330). It shows the revaluation of fixed assets and intangible assets, which is recorded on account 83 "Additional capital".
Additional capital (without revaluation). The amounts of additional capital are reflected in line 1350. Note that the indicator for this line is taken without taking into account the revaluation amounts, which should be reflected in the line above.
Reserve capital. The balance of the reserve fund is indicated on line 1360. It reflects both the reserves formed at the request of the legislation and the reserves created in accordance with the constituent documents. Decoding is required only if the indicators are significant.
Retained earnings (uncovered loss). Accumulated for all years, including the reporting, retained earnings are shown in line 1370. The uncovered loss is also reflected on it (only this amount is enclosed in parentheses).
The components of the indicator (profit (loss) for the reporting year and (or) for previous periods) can be written in additional lines, that is, to make a breakdown by the obtained financial results (profit / loss), as well as for all years of the company's activity.
Section IV. long term duties
Borrowed funds. Line 1410 is reserved for the debt of the organization itself on long-term (with a maturity of more than 12 months at December 31, 2015) loans and credits.Deferred tax liabilities. Line 1420 is filled in by income tax payers. “Simplifieds” are not included in this number, so they put a dash in this line.
Estimated liabilities. This line 1430 is filled in if the organization recognizes estimated liabilities in accounting in accordance with the Accounting Regulations "Estimated Liabilities, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets" (PBU 8/2010), approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 13.12.2010 No. 167n. Let us remind that small businesses, which are the majority of “simplified”, may not apply this PBU.
Other liabilities. Here (line 1450) shows other long-term liabilities that were not reflected in other lines of section. IV balance. Note that the indicator for line 1440 is not provided for by Order No. 66n.
Section V. Short-term liabilities
Borrowed funds. In line 1510, arrears are indicated on short-term loans and borrowings taken for a period of not more than 12 months. In this case, the amount should be reflected taking into account the interest payable at the end of the reporting period.Accounts payable. The total amount of accounts payable is recorded in line 1520. And this should only be short-term debt.
Note that there is no separate line for arrears to participants (founders) for the payment of income. The amount of such debt should be included here and deciphered on a separate line, since this indicator is always significant.
Revenue of the future periods. Line 1530 is completed when the accounting regulations provide for the recognition of this accounting object. For example, if your organization receives budget funds or targeted funding. Such funds are just subject to accounting as part of deferred income on accounts 98 "Deferred income" and 86 "Target financing" (clauses 9 and 20 of the Accounting Regulations "Accounting for State Aid" (PBU 13/2000), approved By order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 10.16.2000 No. 92n).
Estimated liabilities. The explanations we gave to line 1430 apply here: line 1540 is filled out if the company recognizes estimated liabilities in accounting. Only in line 1430 long-term liabilities are reflected, and in line 1540 - short-term.
Other liabilities. In line 1550, other short-term liabilities are shown that have not been reflected in other lines of section. V balance.
So, we examined the balance sheet items.
Now we offer a scheme, which will help to determine its indicators (the debit and credit balances of the accounting accounts will be denoted by Dt and Kt, respectively).
- Section I "Non-current assets"
Line 1120 "Results of research and development"= Dt 04 (analytical account for accounting for R&D expenditures).
Line 1130 "Intangible exploration assets"= Dt 08 (analytical account for accounting for costs of intangible search costs).
Line 1140 "Tangible exploration assets"= Dt 08 (analytical account for accounting for material search costs).
Line 1150 "Fixed assets"= Dt 01 - Kt 02 + Dt 08 (analytical account for accounting for costs of construction in progress).
Line 1160 "Profitable investments in material assets"= Dt 03 - Kt 02 (analytical account for accounting for depreciation of property related to income investments).
Line 1170 "Financial investments"= Dt 58 + Dt 55, subaccount "Deposit accounts", + Dt 73, subaccount "Calculations on loans granted" (analytical accounts for accounting for long-term financial investments), - CT 59 (analytical account for accounting for long-term financial investments).
Line 1180 "Deferred tax assets"= Dt 09.
Line 1190 "Other non-current assets"= the cost of non-current assets not accounted for in other indicators of Sec. I balance sheet.
Line 1100 "Total for Section I"= the sum of the indicators of lines 1110 - 1190.
- Section II "Current assets"
Line 1220 "VAT on purchased values"= Dt 19.
Line 1230 "Accounts receivable"= Dt 62 + Dt 60 + Dt 68 + Dt 69 + Dt 70 + Dt 71 + Dt 73 (except for interest-bearing loans) + Dt 75 + Dt 76 - Kt 63.
Line 1240 "Financial investments (excluding cash equivalents)"= Dt 58 + Dt 55, subaccount "Deposit accounts", + Dt 73, subaccount "Calculations for loans granted" (analytical accounts for accounting for short-term financial investments), - CT 59 (analytical account for accounting for short-term financial investments).
Line 1250 "Cash and cash equivalents"= Dt 50 + Dt 51 + + Dt 52 + Dt 55 + Dt 57 - Dt 55, subaccount "Deposit accounts" (analytical accounts for accounting for financial investments).
Line 1260 "Other current assets"= value of current assets, not included in other indicators of section. II balance sheet.
Line 1200 "Total for Section II"= the sum of the indicators of lines 1210 - 1260.
Line 1600 "Balance"= line figure 1100 + line figure 1200.
- Section III "Capital and reserves"
Line 1320 "Own shares repurchased from shareholders"= Dt 81. Enclose the indicator in parentheses.
Line 1340 "Revaluation of non-current assets"= CT 83 (analytical account for the accounting of revaluation amounts of fixed assets and intangible assets).
Line 1350 "Additional capital (without revaluation)"= Kt 83 (except for the amounts of revaluation of fixed assets and intangible assets).
Line 1360 "Reserve capital"= CT 82.
Line 1370 "Retained earnings (uncovered loss)"= CT 84 (Dt 84). With a debit balance - the indicator is negative (that is, there is a loss), enclose it in parentheses.
Line 1300 "Total for Section III"= the sum of the indicators on lines 1310 - 1370. If the result is negative (if there are negative indicators on lines 1320 and 1370), show it in parentheses.
- Section IV "Long-term liabilities"
Line 1420 "Deferred tax liabilities"= CT 77.
Line 1430 "Provisions"= CT 96 (only estimated liabilities with a maturity of more than 12 months after the reporting date).
Line 1450 "Other liabilities"= long-term debt that is not included in other indicators of sect. IV balance sheet.
Line 1400 "Total for Section IV"= the sum of the indicators of the above lines 1410 - 1450.
- Section V "Current liabilities"
Line 1520 "Accounts payable"= CT 60 + CT 62 + CT 76 + CT 68 + CT 69 + CT 70 + CT 71 + CT 73 + CT 75. In this case, consider only short-term debt.
Line 1530 "Deferred income"= CT 98 + CT 86 in terms of targeted budget funding, grants, technical assistance, etc.
Line 1540 "Provisions"= CT 96 (only estimated liabilities with a maturity of no more than 12 months after the reporting date).
Line 1550 "Other liabilities"= the amount of arrears on short-term liabilities not taken into account when determining other indicators of Sec. V balance.
Line 1500 "Total for Section V"= the sum of the indicators of lines 1510 - 1550.
Line 1700 "Balance"= line indicators 1300 + 1400 + 1500.
If all business transactions are reflected correctly and correctly transferred to the balance sheet, the indicators of lines 1600 and 1700 will coincide. If this equality is not respected, a mistake has been made somewhere. Then you need to check, recalculate and correct the entered data.
Example. Filling in the balance sheet
LLC, registered in 2016, applies a simplified taxation system.
Balances (Кт - credit, Дт - debit) in the accounting accounts of LLC as of December 31, 2016
| Balance | Amount, rub. | Balance | Amount, rub. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dt 01 | 600 000 | Dt 58 | 150 000 |
| CT 02 | 200 000 | CT 60 | 150 000 |
| Dt 04 | 100 000 | CT 62 (subaccount "Advances") | 505 620 |
| CT 05 | 50 000 | ||
| Dt 10 | 10 000 | CT 69 | 100 000 |
| Dt 19 | 10 000 | CT 70 | 150 000 |
| Dt 43 | 90 000 | CT 80 | 50 000 |
| Dt 50 | 15 000 | CT 82 | 10 000 |
| Dt 51 | 250 000 | CT 84 | 150 000 |
Based on the available data, the accountant compiled the balance sheet for 2016 in the general form:
| Explanations | Indicator name | Code | At 31 December 2016 | At 31 December 2015 | At 31 December 2014 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASSETS | |||||
| I. NON-CURRENT ASSETS | |||||
| - | Intangible assets | 1110 | 50 | - | - |
| - | Research and development results | 1120 | - | - | - |
| - | Intangible search assets | 1130 | - | - | - |
| - | Tangible search assets | 1140 | - | - | - |
| - | Fixed assets | 1150 | 400 | - | - |
| - | Profitable investments in material assets | 1160 | - | - | - |
| - | Financial investments | 1170 | 150 | - | - |
| - | Deferred tax assets | 1180 | - | - | - |
| - | Other noncurrent assets | 1190 | - | - | - |
| - | Total for Section I | 1100 | 600 | - | - |
| II. CURRENT ASSETS | |||||
| - | Stocks | 1210 | 107 | - | - |
| - | Value added tax on acquired assets | 1220 | 10 | - | - |
| - | Receivables | 1230 | - | - | - |
| - | Financial investments (excluding cash equivalents) | 1240 | - | - | - |
| - | Cash and cash equivalents | 1250 | 265 | - | - |
| - | Other current assets | 1260 | - | - | - |
| - | Total for Section II | 1200 | 375 | - | - |
| - | BALANCE | 1600 | 975 | - | - |
| Explanations | Indicator name | Code | At 31 December 2016 | At 31 December 2015 | At 31 December 2014 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PASSIVE | |||||
| III. CAPITAL AND RESERVES | |||||
| - | Authorized capital (share capital, authorized capital, partners' contributions) | 1310 | 50 | - | - |
| - | Own shares repurchased from shareholders | 1320 | (-) | (-) | (-) |
| - | Revaluation of non-current assets | 1340 | - | - | - |
| - | Additional capital (without revaluation) | 1350 | - | - | - |
| - | Reserve capital | 1360 | 10 | - | - |
| - | Retained earnings (uncovered loss) | 1370 | 150 | - | - |
| - | Total for Section III | 1300 | 210 | - | - |
| IV. LONG TERM DUTIES | |||||
| - | Borrowed funds | 1410 | - | - | - |
| - | Deferred tax liabilities | 1420 | - | - | - |
| - | Estimated liabilities | 1430 | - | - | - |
| - | Other liabilities | 1450 | - | - | - |
| - | Total for Section IV | 1400 | - | - | - |
| V. SHORT-TERM OBLIGATIONS | |||||
| - | Borrowed funds | 1510 | - | - | - |
| - | Accounts payable | 1520 | 765 | - | - |
| - | revenue of the future periods | 1530 | - | - | - |
| - | Estimated liabilities | 1540 | - | - | - |
| - | Other liabilities | 1550 | - | - | - |
| - | Total for Section V | 1500 | 765 | - | - |
| - | BALANCE | 1700 | 975 | - | - |
Column 4 is the only one that requires filling in by the newly created organization. This column reflects the data as of December 31 of the reporting year, that is, 2016.
Column 3 is also added to indicate line codes.
Index lines 1110 The accountant defined “intangible assets” as follows: the credit balance of account 05 is deducted from the debit balance of account 04.
In total, we get 50,000 rubles. (100,000 rubles - 50,000 rubles). All values in the balance sheet are indicated in whole thousand, therefore 50 is written on line 1110.
The indicator of line 1150 "Fixed assets" is defined as follows: debit balance of account 01 - credit balance of account 02. Result—— 400,000 rubles. (600,000 rubles - 200,000 rubles). The balance contains 400.
V line 1170"Financial investments" entered the debit balance of account 58 - 150 thousand rubles. (that is, it is considered that all investments are long-term).
Total for the summary line 1100: 827 thousand rubles. (97 thousand rubles (line 1110) + 580 thousand rubles (line 1150) + 150 thousand rubles (line 1170)).
Now it is the turn of current assets. The value of line 1210 "Inventories" is defined as follows: debit balance of account 10 + debit balance of account 43. Total - 100 thousand rubles. (10 thousand rubles + 90 thousand rubles).
The indicator of line 1220 "Value added tax on purchased valuables" is equal to the debit balance of account 19, therefore the accountant entered 10 thousand rubles into the balance sheet.
Index lines 1250"Cash and cash equivalents" was found by adding the debit balance of account 50 and the debit balance of account 51. The result is 265 thousand rubles. (15 thousand rubles + 250 thousand rubles). The line contains 265.
Total for pivot line 1200: 378 thousand rubles. (107 thousand rubles (line 1210) + 6 thousand rubles (line 1220) + 265 thousand rubles (line 1250)).
According to the final line 1600 the sum of the indicators of lines 1100 and 1200 is shown. That is, 1205 thousand rubles. (827 thousand rubles + 378 thousand rubles).
The rest of the lines in column 4 contain dashes.
Let's move on to the liabilities of the balance sheet. Indicator by line 1310"The authorized capital (share capital, authorized capital, contributions of comrades)" is equal to the credit balance of account 80, that is, in the balance sheet it is worth 50 thousand rubles.
Line 1360"Reserve capital" - the credit balance of account 82. In our case, it is 10 thousand rubles.
V line 1370"Retained earnings (uncovered loss)" shows the balance of account 84. It is credit. This means that the organization has a profit at the end of the year. Its value is 150 thousand rubles. You do not need to put the indicator in parentheses.
The indicator of the summary line 1300 is 210 thousand rubles. (50 thousand rubles (line 1310) + 10 thousand rubles (line 1360) + 150 thousand rubles (line 1370)).
Indicator for lines 1520"Accounts payable" (the accountant considered that all debt is short-term) is defined as follows: credit balance of account 60 + credit balance of account 62 + credit balance of account 69 + credit balance of account 70. Result - 765 thousand rubles. (150 thousand rubles + 500 thousand rubles + 100 thousand rubles + 15 thousand rubles).
V line 1500 the accountant transferred the value from line 1520, since the other lines of Sec. V balances were not filled.
Final indicator lines 1700 is equal to the sum of lines 1300 and 1500. The resulting value is 975 thousand rubles. (210 thousand rubles + 765 thousand rubles).
The remaining lines of the passive are crossed out due to the lack of relevant data.
The totals for rows 1600 and 1700 are equal. And in that, and in the other line, the value is 975 thousand rubles.