Presentation on how economics and politics are connected. Presentation for the lesson "Economic policy of the state" presentation for the lesson in economics (grade 11) on the topic. How does economics influence politics?

Presentation on the topic "Economy and social environment: relationship and mutual influence" on economics in powerpoint format. A voluminous presentation for students reveals in detail the relationship and mutual influence of the economy and the social environment.

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Architects Russian reforms underestimated the fact that society is a single organism in which all systems and parts are closely interconnected and interact

The state of affairs in the economy cannot but depend on the state and development of other areas public life: ideology, politics, administration, culture, science, education system, state of morality and behavior of people.

Does politics take precedence over economics?

• Economics has always been considered as the basis on which the ideological, political, and cultural superstructure rests. It was believed that material existence determines the consciousness of people and the role of the superstructure. In the course of market reforms, in our country and in other countries, an inverse relationship is emerging: the undoubted primacy of ideology and politics over economics.
• Political choice and the will of the ruling authorities determine the general direction and stages of changes in the economy. Success is ensured by correct political decisions, efficiency and competence of public administration.

The power of ideas

Every policy is based on certain ideological principles, and ideology is formed on the basis of certain theoretical concepts perceived by the ruling class and propagated by it through the media. The ideas that dominate society, even if they are erroneous, can dominate minds for a long time, guide politics, shape the economy, and determine the social structure.

The difference between knowledge about society and nature

Knowledge of the laws of nature helps a person to influence it, but cannot abolish these laws. The object of research exists regardless of the state of science. In society the situation is different. The laws formulated by scientists, even when their knowledge is false, can be adopted government policy and to subjugate the behavior of millions of people until the error of the policy reveals itself.

Ideas rule the world

• John Maynard Keynes wrote that the ideas of economists and political scientists, whether true or false, are more influential than is commonly believed. It is unlikely, he noted, that the world is ruled by something else
• Ideas that have captured the masses can change the very nature of society. History knows of social deformations caused by untenable ideas. The truth that remained unrecognized or unknown ultimately prevails, but often at the cost of destructive upheavals.
• Russian liberal fundamentalism, which underlies our reforms, is increasingly revealing its inconsistency. There is a growing understanding in the mass consciousness that this cannot continue for long. Both ideology and politics need to be revised. The social orientation of development has become an imperative.
• Modern capitalism is forced in the name social world and consolidation of society to give economic development an increasingly social orientation. It is no coincidence that a social model of capitalism has emerged in Europe, which is very different from the neoliberal one.

Political structure.

As the economy suffers from bad policies, the effectiveness of the political system becomes key. How can it be built so that it best contributes to social stability, the rule of law, the selection of worthy leaders, and economic, spiritual and moral progress?

Democracy or authoritarianism?

• It would seem that authoritarianism has been condemned by history and democratization has become the call of the times. Nevertheless, there are decorative, controlled democracies that ignore the will of the people. An immature society can be manipulated with the help of modern election technologies and media. Imitation of a democratic system deprives the political system of effectiveness and public trust.
• Only democratic mechanisms of checks and balances, separation of legislative, executive and judicial powers, and the development of civil society guarantee against arbitrariness and errors in public administration.

The underestimated role of administrative relations

• Due to the increasingly complex and growing role of the state in society, it acquires special meaning improvement of administrative relations that develop according to their own, non-market laws. Bureaucracy, even in market conditions, remains an influential force on which much depends.
• The nature of administrative relations is determined not only by departmental instructions, but also personal connections officials, their competence, integrity, honesty, likes and dislikes. It’s bad when purely personal qualities and careerism begin to prevail over business ones. Favoritism, corporatism, nepotism and behavior dictated by loyalty to superiors are counterproductive for the economy.

Slide 2

Economic policy

Politics (from the Greek Politiko) is the art of governing. Economic policy is an interconnected system of long-term and current economic development goals that are determined by the state, as well as a set of measures aimed at achieving economic goals using state power in the economic sphere.

Slide 3

The history of economic policy is as old as the history of the economy itself, the history of the state. Regardless of type economic system The main subject of economic policy is the state. Therefore, economic policy is always state economic policy. Its goals, tools and mechanisms are inextricably linked with the general functions of the state, the type of economic system, the specific state national economy, world market conditions, international position.

Slide 4

Directions

In economic policy, separate areas are distinguished, also called policies, for example: monetary, fiscal, foreign exchange industrial policy etc.

Slide 5

Economic policy goals

In the course of implementing economic policy, the country pursues various purposes. For developed market economy this is above all: economic growth full employment low inflation positive payment balance promotion economic efficiency increasing the well-being of the population, maintaining a high degree of economic freedom for all economic entities, preserving and improving the natural environment and other goals.

Slide 6

In a transition economy, these are added: creation of the private sector and market infrastructure, liberalization of economic life, etc.

Slide 7

Conclusion

The problem is that many economic policy goals conflict with each other. Thus, an active fight against inflation usually means a fall economic growth and increasing unemployment. Therefore, depending on the situation, the priority of goals in economic policy may change. Usually it depends on which of them turn (can turn) into “painful ones”.

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Political power

Government

I. Origin

It arises practically with the emergence of society, the social division between those who exercise power (the group of managers) and those to whom it is applied (the group of the governed)

A product of later development with the emergence private property, the division of society into classes

II. The mechanism of power formation and its bearer

Elective power (apparatus)

The state apparatus is formed on the basis of elections and appointments. The apparatus in whose hands the power is located is a special class of persons - the bureaucracy.

When a party loses an election, political power and its composition also change.

With the arrival of a new batch, the apparatus practically does not change

III. Forms of government

1) the power of the leader of a political movement 2) the power of a political party 3) state power

State power is an instrument of political power State power is legitimate power

IV. Mechanism of operation

Coercion in the sense of subjecting discipline only to the circle of its party members, movements based on the Charter

– Coercion in relation to all members of society – monopoly on the regulation of political life in the form of a system of legal norms established exclusively by state bodies and sanctioned coercion – sovereignty of government bodies in relation to other states

Comparison of political power with state power

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Slide captions:

Economic policy of the state Lesson of economics and social studies in grade 11 Compiled by: Yudintseva O.V. – economics teacher I qualification category; Lymar E.F. – history teacher of the highest qualification category.

The goal is to consider the role of the state in a market economy, to form initial ideas and basic skills necessary for orientation in economic life. Objectives: To be able to identify the main economic functions of the state; Be able to explain the reasons for the existence of the public sector in a market economy; Know the most important areas of government intervention in the economy;

Negative aspects of a market economy Does not contribute to the conservation of non-renewable resources, does not have economic mechanism protection environment; Does not stimulate large projects that do not provide quick benefits; Does not provide basic research in science; Subject to unstable development with recessions and inflation; It carries with it the danger of unemployment. Can significantly increase property differentiation.

"Economic policy of the state."

Mercantilist - from the Italian mercante - trader, merchant. Physiocrat - from the Greek - physis - nature and kratos - power.

Famous English economist, supporter of a free developing economy based on competitive principles. He did not deny the regulatory role of the state. “The state must protect society from violence and external aggression, protect the lives and property of citizens, maintain the army, police, and justice authorities.” Adam Smith 1723-1790

Sweden Belgium UK Germany USA 1929 1932 Unemployment in % 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0%

Unemployed Australian women look for food in waste.

Charity canteens for the unemployed. USA.

Unemployed people in shelters. USA. 20-30 years.

“The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money” (“Keynesian Revolution”). 1936 John Keynes 1883 – 1946 An outstanding scientist and economist of our time. Supporter of active financial intervention of the state in the country's economy.

Economic functions of the state State Elimination of the consequences generated by market imperfections Redistribution of income and wealth Taxation of income and property Social transfers Combating monopolization of markets Creation of public goods (creation of the army, customs service, ambulance...) Regulation of conflicts generated by external effects or costs ( environmental protection)

Methods state influence to the market Direct Indirect Legislative activity of the state Methods monetary policy Fiscal policy

The economic policy of the state is a process of implementation economic functions through a variety of methods of influencing the economy to achieve certain goals.

Lesson plan: - What functions does the state perform in economic life? - What are the main methods of government influence on the economy? - Should there be limits to government intervention in the economy? If so, why?

Conclusion. The state must: protect economic freedoms; compensate for market weaknesses; help mitigate too wide differences in the levels of income and wealth of citizens.

Evaluation criteria: From 80% - 100% - “5” (excellent); From 60% - 80% - “4” (good); From 40% - 50% - “3” (satisfactory); Less than 40% - “2” (unsatisfactory).

Thank you for the lesson! Homework: Social studies § 15; economics § § 49-50, notes in notebooks.

The economy affects: Population affects: The birth rate; To the economic level; Depends: On material wealth; From total number population; Providing housing; Population density; Degree of women's involvement in production Population growth rate Study of the relationship between the total population and its growth rate with economic development society.

For example, the birth rate in European countries with transition economy(Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic) in the 1920s. fell sharply, which is associated with the deterioration in living standards that accompanied economic reforms. In Russia too.

In the conditions of socio-economic transformations in Russia, the collapse of previous social relations, people and groups are trying to develop new niches for social and economic survival. Feature recent years development of Russia Society is a tendency towards increasing economic differentiation, expressed in the division of society into groups with various incomes, standard of living and consumption.

Excessive income inequality poses a major threat to political and economic stability in the region. Development of Russia in 2010 led to significant differences in incomes. Market system gives preference to certain social strata and, conversely, punishes others. If this system is not corrected, then it acts in the interests of the minority of the society (elite) and against the majority.

In modern industrial developed countries Welfare societies are created, that is, incomes are redistributed in favor of the poorer and disadvantaged layers, systems are created social security (pension provision, honey Insurance, poverty benefits, etc.)