The racial question: will white people disappear and who is the most bearded on Earth. White population: problems of survival Who has more black or white people?

Based on data set out in UN projections of world population

Around 8000 BC, the world population was approximately 5 million people. Over the 8000 year period before 1 AD. it grew to 200 million people (some estimates say 300 million or even 600 million), with a growth rate of 0.05% per year. A huge change in population occurred with the advent of the Industrial Revolution:

• In 1800, the world population reached one billion.
• The second billion in population was reached in just 130 years in 1930.
• The third billion was reached in less than 30 years in 1959.
• Over the next 15 years, the fourth billion was reached in 1974.
• In just 13 years, in 1987 - the fifth billion.

During the 20th century alone, the world's population grew from 1.65 to 6 billion.

In 1970 the population was half what it is now. Due to declining population growth rates, it will take more than 200 years for the population to double from today's levels.

Table with population data by year and population growth dynamics in the world by year until 2017

The world population is currently (2017) growing at a rate of about 1.11% per year (up from 1.13% in 2016).

Currently, the average annual population growth is estimated at approximately 80 million people. The annual growth rate peaked in the late 1960s, when it was 2% or higher. The population growth rate peaked at 2.19 percent per year in 1963.

Annual growth rates are currently declining and are projected to continue declining in the coming years. Population growth is projected to be less than 1% per year by 2020 and less than 0.5% per year by 2050. This means that the world population will continue to grow in the 21st century, but at a slower rate compared to the recent past.

The world population doubled (100% increase) in the 40 years from 1959 (3 billion) to 1999 (6 billion). The world's population is currently projected to increase by another 50% in 39 years, to 9 billion by 2038.

Forecast of the world population (all countries of the world) and demographic data for the period until 2050:

Main stages of world population growth

10 billion (2056)

The United Nations projects a world population of 10 billion by 2056.

8 billion (2023)

The world population is expected to reach 8 billion in 2023 according to the United Nations (and in 2026 according to the US Census Bureau).

7.5 billion (2017)

The current world population is 7.5 billion as of January 2017, according to United Nations estimates.

7 billion (2011)

According to the United Nations, the world's population reached 7 billion on October 31, 2011. The US Census Bureau made a lower estimate - 7 billion was reached on March 12, 2012.

6 billion (1999)

According to the United Nations, on October 12, 1999, the world population was 6 billion. According to the US Census Bureau, this value was reached on July 22, 1999, at approximately 3:49 a.m. GMT.

If we are united, we are invincible!

I have questions about why there are only 4 races on Earth? Why are they so different from each other? How do different races have skin colors that correspond to their area of ​​residence?

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First of all, we will examine the settlement map of the “Modern Races of the World”. In this analysis we will not deliberately accept the position of either monogenism or polygenism. The purpose of our analysis and the entire study as a whole is precisely to understand exactly how the emergence of humanity occurred and its development, including the development of writing. Therefore, we cannot and will not rely in advance on any dogma - be it scientific or religious.

Why are there four different races on Earth? Naturally, four types of different races could not have come from Adam and Eve....

So, under the letter “A” on the map are races that, according to modern research, are ancient. These races include four:
Equatorial Negroid races (hereinafter referred to as “Negroid race” or “Negroids”);
Equatorial Australoid races (hereinafter referred to as the “Australoid race” or “Australoids”);
Caucasoid races (hereinafter referred to as “Caucasoids”);
Mongoloid races (hereinafter referred to as “Mongoloids”).

2. Analysis of modern mutual settlement of races.

The modern mutual settlement of the four main races is extremely interesting.

The Negroid races are settled exclusively in a limited area, located from the center of Africa to its southern part. There is no Negroid race anywhere outside of Africa. In addition, it is precisely the areas of settlement of the Negroid race that are currently the “suppliers” of Stone Age culture - in South Africa there are still areas within which the population still exists in a primitive communal way of life.

We are talking about the archaeological culture of Wilton (Wilton) of the late Stone Age, widespread in South and East Africa. In some areas it was replaced by the Neolithic with polished axes, but in most areas it existed until modern times: arrowheads made of stone and bone, pottery, beads made from ostrich egg shells; people of the Wilton culture lived in grottoes and in the open air, and hunted; agriculture and domestic animals were absent.

It is also interesting that on other continents there are no centers of settlement of the Negroid race. This, naturally, points to the fact that the birthplace of the Negroid race was originally precisely in that part of Africa that is located south of the center of the continent. It is worth noting that here we are not considering the later “migration” of Negroids to the American continent and their modern entry through the regions of France into the territory of Eurasia, since this is a completely insignificant effect in the long historical process.

Australoid races are settled exclusively in a limited area, located entirely in the north of Australia, as well as in extremely small fluctuations in India and on some isolated islands. The islands are so insignificantly populated by the Australoid race that they can be neglected when making estimates of the entire center of distribution of the Australoid race. The northern part of Australia can quite reasonably be considered this hotspot. It should be noted here that Australoids, like Negroids, for a reason unknown to today’s science, are located exclusively within one general area. Stone Age cultures are also found among the Australoid race. More precisely, those Australoid cultures that have not experienced the influence of Caucasians are predominantly in the Stone Age.

Caucasoid races are settled in the territory located in the European part of Eurasia, including the Kola Peninsula, as well as in Siberia, the Urals, along the Yenisei, along the Amur, in the upper reaches of the Lena, in Asia, around the Caspian, Black, Red and Mediterranean seas, in northern Africa , on the Arabian Peninsula, in India, on two American continents, in southern Australia.

In this part of the analysis, we should look at the area of ​​settlement of Caucasians in more detail.

Firstly, for obvious reasons, we will exclude from historical estimates the territory of distribution of Caucasians in the Americas, since these territories were occupied by them in not so distant historical times. The latest “experience” of Caucasians does not affect the history of the original settlement of peoples. The history of the settlement of humanity in general took place long before the American conquests of the Caucasians and without taking them into account.

Secondly, like the two previous races in the description, the territory of distribution of Caucasians (from this point onwards, by “territory of distribution of Caucasians” we will understand only its Eurasian part and the northern part of Africa) is also clearly marked by the area of ​​their settlement. However, unlike the Negroid and Australoid races, the Caucasian race has achieved the highest flowering of culture, science, art, etc. among existing races. The Stone Age within the habitat of the Caucasian race was completed in the vast majority of areas between 30 and 40 thousand years BC. All modern scientific achievements of the most advanced nature were accomplished by the Caucasian race. One can, of course, mention and argue with this statement, referring to the achievements of China, Japan and Korea, but let’s be honest, all their achievements are purely secondary and use, we must give credit, successfully, but still use the primary achievements of Caucasians.

Mongoloid races are settled exclusively in a limited area, located entirely in the northeast and east of Eurasia and on both American continents. Among the Mongoloid race, as well as among the Negroid and Australoid races, Stone Age cultures are still found to this day.
3. On the application of Organism laws

The first thing that catches the eye of an inquisitive researcher looking at a map of the distribution of races is that the distribution areas of the races do not intersect each other in such a way that this concerns any noticeable territories. And, although at mutual borders the contacting races produce a product of their intersection, called “transitional races,” the formation of such mixtures is classified by time and is purely secondary and much later than the formation of the ancient races themselves.

In large part, this process of mutual penetration of ancient races resembles diffusion in the physics of materials. We apply the laws of Organism to the description of races and peoples, which are more unified and give us the right and opportunity to operate with the same ease and accuracy, both materials and peoples, and races. Therefore, the mutual penetration of peoples - the diffusion of peoples and races - is completely subject to Law 3.8. (numbering of laws, as is customary in) Organisms, which says: “Everything moves.”

Namely, not a single race (now we will not talk about the originality of one or the other) under any circumstances will remain motionless in any “frozen” state. We will not be able, following this law, to find at least one race or people that would arise in a certain territory at the moment of “minus infinity” and would remain within this territory until “plus infinity”.

And from this it follows that it is possible to develop laws of movement of populations of organisms (peoples).
4. Laws of movement of populations of organisms
Any people, any race, as, incidentally, not only real, but also mythical (vanished civilizations), always has a point of its origin that is different from the one under consideration and as earlier;
Any nation, any race is represented not by the absolute values ​​of its numbers and its certain area, but by a system (matrix) of n-dimensional vectors describing:
directions of settlement on the Earth's surface (two dimensions);
time intervals of such settlement (one dimension);
…n. values ​​of mass transfer of information about a people (one complex dimension; this includes both numerical composition and national, cultural, educational, religious and other parameters).
5. Interesting observations

From the first law of population movement and taking into account a careful examination of the map of modern distribution of races, we can deduce the following observations.

Firstly, even at present historical times, all four ancient races are extremely isolated in their areas of distribution. Let us recall that we do not consider hereinafter the colonization of the Americas by Negroids, Caucasians and Mongoloids. These four races have the so-called cores of their ranges, which in no case coincide, that is, none of the races in the center of their range coincides with the similar parameters of any other race.

Secondly, the central “points” (areas) of ancient racial regions even today remain quite “pure” in composition. Moreover, mixing of races occurs exclusively at the borders of neighboring races. Never - by mixing races that were not historically located in the same neighborhood. That is, we do not observe any mixtures of the Mongoloid and Negroid races, since between them is the Caucasoid race, which, in turn, mixes with both the Negroids and the Mongoloids precisely in the places of contact with them.

Thirdly, if the central points of settlement of races are determined by a simple geometric calculation, then it turns out that these points are located at the same distance from each other, equal to 6000 (plus or minus 500) kilometers:

Negroid point - 5° S, 20° E;

Caucasoid point – p. Batumi, the easternmost point of the Black Sea (41°N, 42°E);

Mongoloid point – ss. Aldan and Tomkot in the upper reaches of the Aldan River, a tributary of the Lena (58° N, 126° E);

Australoid point - 5° S, 122° E.

Moreover, the points of the central areas of settlement of the Mongoloid race on both American continents are also equidistant (and at approximately the same distance).

An interesting fact: if all four central points of settlement of races, as well as three points located in South, Central and North America, are connected, you will get a line resembling the bucket of the Ursa Major constellation, but inverted relative to its current position.
6. Conclusions

An assessment of the distribution areas of races allows us to draw a number of conclusions and assumptions.
6.1. Conclusion 1:

A possible theory suggesting the birth and settlement of modern races from one common point does not seem legitimate and justified.

We are currently observing precisely the process that leads to the mutual homogenization of races. Like, for example, the experiment with water, when a certain amount of hot water is poured into cold water. We understand that after some finite and quite calculated time, hot water will mix with cold water, and temperature averaging will occur. After which the water, in general, will become somewhat warmer than the cold water before mixing, and somewhat colder than the hot water before mixing.

The situation is the same now with the four old races - we are currently observing precisely the process of their mixing, when the races mutually penetrate each other, like cold and hot water, forming mestizo races in the places of their contact.

If the four races had formed from one center, then we would not now be observing mixing. Because in order for four to be formed from one entity, a process of separation and mutual dispersion, isolation, and accumulation of differences must occur. And the mutual cross-breeding that is now occurring serves as clear evidence of the reverse process - the mutual diffusion of the four races. The inflection point that would separate the earlier process of separation of races from the later process of their mixing has not yet been found. Convincing evidence of the objective existence of some moment in history from which the process of separation of races would be replaced by their unification has not been found. Therefore, the process of historical mixing of races should be considered a completely objective and normal process.

This means that initially the four ancient races had to be inevitably divided and isolated from each other. We will leave the question of the force that could take over such a process open for now.

This assumption of ours is convincingly confirmed by the race distribution map itself. As we previously revealed, there are four conventional points of initial settlement of the four ancient races. These points, by strange chance, are located in a sequence that has a clearly defined series of patterns:

firstly, each border of mutual contact of races serves as a division of only two races and nowhere as a division of three or four;

secondly, the distances between such points, by a strange coincidence, are almost the same and equal to about 6000 kilometers.

The processes of development of territorial spaces by races can be compared to the formation of a pattern on frosty glass - from one point the pattern spreads in different directions.

Obviously, the races, each in their own way, but the general type of settlement of the races was quite the same - from the so-called point of distribution of each race, it spread in different directions, gradually developing new territories. After quite an estimated time, the races sown 6000 kilometers from each other met at the boundaries of their ranges. Thus began the process of their mixing and the emergence of various mestizo races.

The process of building and expanding the areas of races fully falls within the definition of the concept of “organismic center of organization” when there are patterns that describe such a distribution of races.

The natural and most objective conclusion suggests itself about the existence of four separate centers of origin of four different – ​​ancient – ​​races, located at an equal distance from each other. Moreover, the distances and points of “seeding” of the races were chosen in such a way that if we tried to repeat such “seeding”, we would end up with the same option. Consequently, the Earth was inhabited by someone or something from 4 different areas of our Galaxy or our Universe....
6.2. Conclusion 2:

Perhaps the original placement of races was artificial.

A number of random coincidences in distances and equidistance between races leads us to believe that this was not accidental. Law 3.10. Organisms says: ordered chaos acquires intelligence. It is interesting to trace the work of this law in the reverse cause-and-effect direction. The expression 1+1=2 and the expression 2=1+1 are equally true. And, therefore, the cause-and-effect relationship in their members works in both directions equally.

By analogy with this, law 3.10. we can reformulate this way: (3.10.-1) intelligence is an acquisition due to the ordering of chaos. The circumstance when out of three segments connecting four seemingly random points, all three segments are equal to the same value cannot be called anything other than a manifestation of intelligence. To ensure that the distances match, you need to measure them accordingly.

In addition, and this circumstance is no less interesting and mysterious, the “miraculous” distance we identified between the points of origin of races is, for some strange and inexplicable reason, equal to the radius of planet Earth. Why?

By connecting the four points of sowing races and the center of the Earth (and they are all located at the same distance), we get a quadrangular equilateral pyramid, with its apex directed towards the center of the Earth.

Why? Where do clear geometric shapes come from in a seemingly chaotic world?
6.3. Conclusion 3:

About the initial maximum isolation of races.

Let's begin our consideration of the mutually pairwise settlement of races with the Negroid-Caucasian pair. Firstly, Negroids no longer come into contact with any other race. Secondly, between the Negroids and Caucasians lies the region of central Africa, which is characterized by an abundant spread of lifeless deserts. That is, initially the arrangement of Negroids relative to Caucasians ensured that these two races would have the least amount of contact with each other. There is some intent here. And also an additional argument against the theory of monogenism - at least in terms of the Negroid-Caucasian couple.

Similar features also exist in the Caucasoid-Mongoloid pair. The same distance between the conditional centers of race formation is 6000 kilometers. The same natural barrier to the mutual penetration of races is the extremely frosty northern regions and the Mongolian deserts.

The Mongoloid-Australoid pair also provides for maximum use of terrain conditions, preventing the mutual penetration of these races, which are approximately the same 6,000 kilometers apart.

Only in recent decades, with the development of means of transport and communications, the mutual penetration of races has not only become possible, but has also become widespread.

Naturally, in the course of our research these conclusions may be revised.
Final conclusion:

It can be seen that there were four race seeding points. They are equidistant both from each other and from the center of planet Earth. Races have only mutual-pair contacts. The process of mixing races is a process of the last two centuries, before which the races were isolated. If there was an intention in the initial settlement of races, then it was this: to settle the races so that they would not come into contact with each other for as long as possible.

This was probably an experiment to solve the problem of which race would best adapt to earthly conditions. And also, which race will be more progressive in its development....

Source - razrusitelmifov.ucoz.ru

The coming half century will be marked by Asia, which will become the next economic and cultural center of the world. Africa will also have time to have its say, but not so much in cultural terms as in population: three countries on this continent will be among the ten most populous by 2050.

The largest of them, Nigeria, will be just a million people behind the United States, while Congo and Ethiopia will displace Russia and Mexico from 9th and 10th places on the list. In total, almost 2.5 billion more people will live on Earth than in 2015. Analysts from the American Population Information Bureau (PRB) came to these conclusions.

The key to the puzzle is children. While developed countries are struggling with an aging population, Africa is experiencing a baby boom. The leaders are Niger, South Sudan, Congo, Somalia and Chad. The fact that in such countries the mortality rate is falling due to the development of healthcare also contributes to this, noted PRB Vice President Peter Goldstein. Analysts expect that in 35 years, children born today will be healthier and better off.

Castling also occurred in the first positions of the rating. If today China holds the palm, then by 2050 it will go to India. “Over the past few decades, the Chinese have focused on reducing the birth rate, but in India the increase is stable and not limited by the letter of the law,” Goldstein explains.

Similar figures were previously announced by the UN. They believe that by 2050 the world's population will increase to 9.7 billion people. A reverse movement can only be expected if the birth rate falls in sub-Saharan Africa.

The fair sex remains a key barometer of family well-being, so it is extremely important to respect and expand women's rights, PRB researchers write. "We've seen tremendous progress, but obstacles remain in areas that are critical for women. They need guarantees or, you could say, some kind of reward expressed in terms of equality with men," said Jeff Jordan, chief executive officer of the bureau.

Infographics:

But this does not mean that the more rights women have, the more they will give birth. Less developed countries today account for the lion's share of the world's population - more than 6 billion, while developed countries account for only 1.254 billion. In more than 40 countries, the vast majority of which are in Africa, the population will double in 35 years, and in 34 countries, on the contrary, it will decrease. For example, there will be 30 million fewer Japanese people, and Latvia will lose almost a third of its population.

The average life expectancy of women plays a significant role in this. PRB estimates that today they live 73 years, while men live 69 years. The richer the country and the higher the level of medicine, the higher these indicators. In more developed countries, women live on average 82 years, and in South Africa's Lesotho - 46 years.

In African countries, there are not only problems with medical care, but also with employment. There, only 30 percent of women do not work in the fields, while in Europe, the USA and Canada - almost half. Moldova has the highest level of employment in non-agricultural areas - 55 percent.

What about us?

Today there are 144.3 million people living in Russia, but in 15 years its population will decrease by four million, and by 2050 by another six, to 134.2 million people.

While the number of children under 16 years of age in the country is 16 percent, those over 65 are 13 percent. These figures, for example, in Nigeria are completely different: 43 percent of children versus three percent of older people. But there is a much larger difference in West African Niger: 52 percent versus four, PRB calculated.

Are these conclusions so critical for Russia? Director of the Institute of Demography of the Higher School of Economics National Research University Anatoly Vishnevsky believes that the bureau did not discover America: a potential trend of mortality exceeding the birth rate can be traced, but there is an explanation for this. “We will leave the top 10, that’s for sure, but not because everything is supposedly bad with us, but because other countries are growing faster,” he reasoned. “In Russia in the coming years there will be few women of fertile age, as the birth rate was low in the 1990s."

One resource that helps maintain growth is migration. But we cannot greet all foreigners with bread and salt, since we need to integrate newcomers into the legal and social environment without conflict. When the Earth becomes 80 percent Asian and African, the national composition of all countries, including Russia, will be greatly diluted, concludes Anatoly Vishnevsky.

An example is France, where more than 64 million people live. About five million are foreigners, half of whom are from Africa. The rest are residents of other European countries and Asians.

Infographics: RG / Maria Pakhmutova / Ekaterina Dobrynina / Alexandra Vozdvizhenskaya

M.B.: And based on measurements of human skulls, you will fantasize that I am better and this one is worse.

S.D.: This is the only reliable data about humanity. The reaction of people in different places also varies greatly. If it’s a big city, everyone is usually so stuck up, in a hurry to get somewhere, and they don’t want to, they have their own interests. And if this is some more or less remote place, not necessarily the edge of the earth, but not the very center, then people, on the contrary, go because they are pleased that someone paid attention to them at all. When our girls went to Sulawesi in Indonesia, people came to them, because they came to study us, it turns out that someone actually needs us.

M.B.: Even so. Someone once studied isolated peoples. This is, in general, one might say, a separate race.

S.D.: There are many of those.

M.B.: So I’m wondering, how do they understand this?

S.D.: In different ways, someone can poke a spear at all. But now, thank God, there are not many such tribes that can poke a spear. There is now civilization almost everywhere, but it takes a lot of effort to have wild ones with spears, somewhere in the Amazon and New Guinea in the central part. Let’s say the Australian Aborigines with spears have been gone for 50 years.

M.B.: But this is a separate race because they are isolated?

S.D.: There are plenty of them like that. We take any island in Oceania - and it will have its own race.

M.B.: What would happen if all people lived en masse?

S.D.: Most likely, if we just imagine that conditions are the same all over the planet, we will build such a hypercity, right?

M.B.: Yes.

S.D.: And transport options are not limited, I can go anywhere at any time, then, probably, yes, the racial characteristics will even out, maybe they will mix. But I can’t imagine how this could be purely technically possible.

M.B.: What color would our skin be then?

S.D.: Much like the Arabs and the Egyptians.

M.B.: By the way, a listener sent a question: “According to geneticists, over time there will be no blue-eyed blonds left, since blacks have dominant genes. Should there be no white people left either?”

S.D.: If the mixing is unlimited. I don’t believe in this, to be honest, because there are still some barriers: social barriers, political barriers and many millions of different ones. If light skin color is adaptive to a climate with little sun, then it will be difficult for dark-skinned people to live there, and they will more often develop rickets. The selection is ongoing, and even now the selection continues.

If everyone mixes unlimitedly, then they will disappear, that’s a fact. But in fact, there are now more than a billion light-eyed and fair-haired people on the planet out of 8 billion. This is generally 1/8 of the planet's population. And therefore, in order to assimilate them all, to mix them up so that they disappear, you have to try hard. Moreover, everyone, of course, will say: “Well, the birth rate in Europe is practically zero, but somewhere in Africa it is gigantic.” Likewise, mortality in Europe and Africa is not the same. If there are 15 children in a family in Africa, how many of them will survive to adulthood? And in Europe, virtually everyone survives. And therefore the balance of blue-eyed and dark-eyed has not changed for a long time.

M.B.: What race is considered to be the largest and most numerous in our country now?

S.D.: The most numerous, oddly enough, are the Mongoloids.

M.B.: Why strange? Are you being ironic? I didn’t even immediately perceive this irony.

S.D.: We have a billion Chinese, more than 100 million Japanese, a lot of Koreans too, plus Indonesia. I don't know how much, but many millions at least. In Siberia, frankly speaking, there are not many Mongoloids.

M.B.: Yes, we don’t have many people at all now.

S.D.: Yes, it is a huge territory, but the population there is, of course, tiny. The number of Caucasians is comparable, because in Europe there are close to a billion, with North America taken together. And some of the Middle East, Pakistan, India - these, in general, are also Caucasians. And there are a billion of them too. And here is another question: who are more numerous - Caucasians or Mongoloids? They are approximately comparable in numbers.

M.B.: Is it clear where the Negroid race comes from?

S.D.: This is not obvious, by the way.

M.B.: Wait, how so, on top if? Where do these mini-races come from? Where do the largest races come from?

S.D.: In fact, it is worth saying here that it would be more correct to say “numerous race.” That is, these are simply those who are many.

M.B.: Okay, numerous race.

S.D.: And in terms of their characteristics, they are no more than any Andamanese aborigines, of whom there are several thousand people living on two islands. But these numerous, large races, the so-called Caucasoids, Mongoloids, Negroids, are to a large extent a product of this founder effect. That is, in those places where agriculture appeared, people quickly multiplied and produced gigantic numbers from a very limited initial number of people. And so the signs that were typical of those who first came to agriculture became signs of large races.

M.B.: And we still carry them with us?

S.D.: And we - that's what they are, yes. You and I are Caucasians. That is, somewhere in the Middle East, agriculture arose 7 thousand years ago, approximately 5 thousand years ago, it developed and these people settled in all directions with enormous force. They included all sorts of local aborigines who lived in other places, and some specific variants arose. And it turned out to be a large Caucasian race. In the middle reaches of the Yellow River, agriculture also appeared, and it was the Mongoloids who appeared. Somewhere in Central America - there are Americanoids. Well, plus there were hunters and gatherers. Gatherers here and there. They either merged into these large races, or they still exist in corners. In Africa, by the way, it’s the same.

M.B.: We often talk about things that we understand. You say: “You and I are representatives of the Caucasian race.” But there is such a thing as “Slavic appearance”.

S.D.: There really is no such concept.

M.B.: Is there no such concept in racial studies?

S.D.: There is absolutely no such thing. If we compare Bulgarians, for example, and northern Russians, these are two different races. That is, of course, they are both Caucasoids, but on the scale of Caucasians they differ diametrically in every way possible. And they are Slavs. And our language with Bulgarian is, in general, very close.

M.B.: No, I just wanted to know the phenomenon that you can distinguish one from the other.

S.D.: No you can not. By external signs we can understand race, in general, great. We can no longer talk about a small race, because they overlap very much in characteristics. That is, race is actually a statistic, a kind of variability. But for a specific person we cannot see any variability. Race is a kind of demography, a statistic. And we cannot understand nationality at all. Because nationality is self-determination. What nationality do I belong to? My father is Belarusian, my mother is Russian. That's who I want to be with, that's where I belong. And if I get sad, I’ll say that I’m German. And let them prove that I am not German.

M.B.: I understand, yes. Did race change faster or slower across groups? From an anthropologist's point of view, which is better, if the correct question is asked: change is fast or change is slow?

S.D.: The ones that exist are better. Changes don't just happen. If they are adaptive, then they are simply adaptations to environmental conditions, and if they are random, then they are random.

M.B.: Why is change faster in a smaller group? Because there are fewer people and the trait gets fixed faster, right?

S.D.: Certainly. If there is a person with some characteristics, then, most likely, all children in the next generation will have these characteristics. If he's the only one there.

M.B.: Why is polymorphism our strength?

S.D.: This is my favorite expression.

M.B.: I know.

S.D.: This is not really my expression.

M.B.: I'm just wondering why she's in it.

S.D.: Because there are many different conditions on the planet, and when there is an apocalypse, not in the biblical sense, but in any other sense, then someone must be adapted to these unexpected conditions. And the more options there are now, the greater the possibility that someone will remain alive. And if we are all the same, then the very first cataclysm will destroy us all.

M.B.: There will be a domino effect. Can I ask you to try now, to try to somehow classify races, for example, according to original characteristics or some other markers?

S.D.: I mean, name what they look like?

M.B.: For us, Europeans, what would be original, at least, untraditional for you and me? You have already mentioned that pygmies have short stature.

S.D.: No, in fact, there are quite a lot of exotic races on the planet, the same Andamanese aborigines, which I really love.

M.B.: What's in them?

S.D.: They are also very small, but they are unique in that no one knows where they came from. Because the Andaman Islands are not the middle of the Indian Ocean, but they are quite far from land there.

M.B.: Is this proof that people knew how to swim?

S.D.: Yes, it turns out that they obviously got there a very long time ago, no one knows exactly when, because archeology in the Andaman Islands does not exist at all as a natural phenomenon.

M.B.: Like race in the States.

S.D.: There are practically no close populations near the Andaman Islands. There are Semangs in Malacca, which are relatively close, but they are quite different. It is not clear who their relatives are, they got there unknown when, they live there, and we know very little about them.

M.B.: They are exotic because they are so strangely isolated from others. It is not clear who the neighbors are and who should be designated as neighbors.

S.D.: Yes.

M.B.: What about external signs? That is, small growth.

S.D.: They are small, dark-skinned, and they have one of the darkest skin tones on the planet. They have such a round head without any relief at all, there is no eyebrow at all, the nose is wide, but often with a convex back, which is typical. That is, not quite so Negroid. They hardly grow a beard or mustache; they have steatopygia, which is very common among women. And they have very curly hair.

Let's say the Ainu in Hokkaido. The Ainu are very bearded, for example. These are the most bearded people on the planet.

M.B.: What does “the most bearded” mean? For example, you are the most bearded for me.

S.D.: Beardiness is not measured by the length of the beard.

M.B.: Density?

S.D.: The proximity of the beard to the eye. And now they have a beard growing almost from their eyes.

M.B.: What is the hairiest nation on the planet?

S.D.: Well, the most bearded ones are the Ainu. But now they are heavily mixed with the Japanese, so it’s not a fact. Or maybe in second place, or maybe already in first place - the Balkan-Caucasian race, the inhabitants of the Caucasus are now the most bearded. Not necessarily the Caucasus, the Middle East too, Syria too.

M.B.: That is, when hair is not only on a man’s chest, but also on his back, and women suffer. “Is it true or not that mestizos or mulattoes cannot have internal organ transplants? They experience rejection,” asks a listener.

S.D.: No. But rejection can happen even between relatives. Naturally, the more people differ genetically, the more difficult it will be to adapt.

M.B.: I was so surprised about the genetic differences! I read on Wikipedia: “As a result of genetic research at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries, many geneticists came to the conclusion that it was impossible to distinguish races at the genetic level.”

S.D.: Yes.

M.B.: I almost fell out of my chair. Wait, they didn’t know before that interracial marriages could produce offspring? It turns out that this was unknown to them until the 20th century.

S.D.: No, this is actually what I was talking about, that political correctness took over and it was necessary to somehow justify that there are no races, and they brought genetics into it. When geneticists analyze genes, they often analyze, as I said, genes that are not associated with racial characteristics. And we really won’t have any differences between them. That is, if we evaluate any blood proteins, they are the same for all races. The cleanliness there will be slightly different, but the proteins will be the same, we have the same blood for all people on the planet. We will not find races based on these characteristics. Geneticists do not know how to analyze racial characteristics, and therefore they do not find races in genes. When they learn to analyze these signs, then they will suddenly and unexpectedly discover that races do exist. And when geneticists look for such signs, they find them. I mentioned the Balanovskys - they perfectly see race in genes, because they know what to look for and how to operate with data.

M.B.: Are there any genetic differences?

S.D.: Of course have.

M.B.: How interesting. But if we return to the listeners’ question about transplantation, then it turns out that interracial transplantation is impossible?

S.D.: It is possible, but it will be more difficult to find a donor.

M.B.: And the chance of rejection is much higher.

S.D.: Yes. Well, I'm not talking about race so much, it's just population differences.

M.B.: That is, we can conclude that in no case should genes and races be mixed.

S.D.: No, in fact, races are the result of the work of genes. Another thing is such genes about which we know almost nothing.

M.B.: Is there some kind of pre-revolutionary anatomical dictionary where all the anthropomorphological characteristics of the Slavs are described?

S.D.: The Slavs are a linguistic group, strictly speaking, or in some sense cultural, but linguistic. By definition, there are no biological signs of the Slavs, so miraculously there are pre-revolutionary works where they tried to do this. But this classic of racism is so exemplary, where there was a Slavic race, a Germanic, Nordic, Teutonic race makes me happy. But this is nonsense.

M.B.: That is, it turns out that these Nazi hobbies had no scientific basis?

S.D.: Certainly.

M.B.: They decided to invent their own science, right?

S.D.: Well, it's not science. Pseudoscience to justify their political goals.

M.B.: It's clear. They say hello to you and thank you for giving lectures in the first year of the Faculty of Philosophy, people recognize your voice, and people send their photographs. What can we say? They love you, right?

S.D.: Yes, every day they send me several of these, I even made a small picture telling me not to do this, and I send this picture to everyone.

M.B.: What do people seriously want to know?

S.D.: Based on individual traits, you can roughly estimate a large race, but a person can do this himself - look in the mirror. But a small race, some details cannot be recognized from a specific person.

M.B.: And probably the last question from the listener, which we have time for: “Are there really any finds of giant skeletons of ancient people?”

S.D.: No. It's a bullshit.

M.B.: Well, thank God. Science against myths! Hurray, friends! And thank you. Stanislav, thank you very much.

S.D.: Thank you too.