Deposit on demand - why does a depositor need such a product? Deposit on demand Requirements for the depositor

Getting acquainted with the conditions of any term deposit, you probably paid attention to the words: “when early termination agreement for the amount of the deposit is accrued interest rate, valid for deposits “on demand”. In most banks, the average rate is very low and most often amounts to 0.01-0.5%. Let's figure out what a demand deposit is?

The essence of a demand deposit

This banking product is distinguished not only by its low rate. Its main feature is that the client is allowed to withdraw his funds at any time. Those. The bank and the depositor initially agree that the valuables transferred by the client to the bank are stored only until the moment when the owner claims them back. And none of the parties knows in advance the deadline for this case. Therefore they distinguish:

— time deposits that have a certain storage period specified in the agreement. The profitability of such a deposit sometimes reaches 14% per annum in rubles.

— demand deposits that do not have a specific period. And this is one of the conditions of the agreement signed by the bank and the client.

Despite the practically zero profitability, this product is still called a deposit, because a deposit agreement is signed (and not an agreement bank account, in accordance with the Civil Code), according to which valuables are transferred to the bank for their safekeeping. It has its own number (the first five digits of the account - 42301 for residents, 42601 for non-residents), which differs from the current account of a private person (begins with 40817 or 40820). Typically, payments are not made from a demand deposit, such as from a checking account. Only transfers to the owner's address or cash transactions are provided.

Basic conditions for opening and storing a deposit in different banks differ little. At VTB 24 bank: minimum deposit 100 rubles; annual rate 0.01%; monthly capitalization; deposit currency - rubles, US dollars, British pounds sterling, euros, Swiss francs. In Sberbank: minimum deposit 10 rubles, 5 euros or US dollars or any other currency; the rate is 0.01% per year and does not depend on the type of currency; interest is added to the deposit quarterly, but is recalculated every day. Conditions of the National Reserve Bank: minimum amount contribution – unlimited; for any currency the rate is 0.01%; provided monthly payment percent.

In Moscow there is credit institutions, in which several operate increased rates for demand deposits: CB Genbank - 0.3% (payment annually, with capitalization), LLC CB Renaissance Capital - 0.5% ( monthly capitalization), OJSC Fondservisbank - 1% (payment monthly, with capitalization), JSCB Mosoblbank - 1.5% (payment monthly, with capitalization), Promservicebank LLC - for pensioners 3.5% (payment monthly, with capitalization).

Why do investors open on demand?

The most important advantage has already been mentioned above - the ability to withdraw your savings at any time, without a time limit. In relation to a demand account, the bank’s obligation to return valuables to the depositor upon his first request is specified in Civil Code RF.

Imagine that you have just sold a property and are going to buy another one with the proceeds. The deal should happen in the next month or two. The exact date is not known. The amount is quite large, but to find bank deposit for such a short period is impossible, and money may be needed at any time. This is exactly the right case for placing funds on a demand deposit. Your valuables will be preserved, not wasted and returned upon request. Savings will also be increased, albeit by a small percentage, but still this additional income.

There are many people whose employers transfer their salaries to demand accounts. Some of them store amounts here for a short period of time before placing them in a time deposit or before withdrawing them in cash.

Elderly Russians are accustomed to receiving their pensions through such deposits in Sberbank. In addition, Sberbank has several pension deposits having a yield of 1.5-5% and higher, which have all the characteristics of a demand deposit, i.e. possibility of replenishment and partial withdrawal at any time without restrictions. Each day of storage brings additional income to the investor. Pensioners withdraw part of the deposit monthly, and interest is charged on the balance much higher than the usual 0.01.

Banks open such deposits not only in rubles. A credit institution can open an account in almost any currency in which it has correspondent relations with other banks. For example, a person has. He plans to pay for his child’s education in the UK in the near future and has already chosen a bank to make the payment. Then the client can preliminarily open a demand deposit in this currency until the moment when the transfer abroad is expected. By the way, through this deposit you can make a non-cash currency exchange.

Some banks upon opening term deposit In addition, they also open a “on demand” account for the client. This usually happens when the terms of the term deposit do not provide for rollover. When the moment of closing the contract comes, the savings unclaimed on the same day are automatically credited to the deposit on demand. Which brings the client additional small interest for each day of storage.

Why do banks need them?

A bank is essentially a commercial organization that trades in an unusual commodity – money. They buy money (in other words, they attract it for deposits, for settlements) from some and sell it (or invest, lend, deposit) to other legal entities and individuals. Therefore, like any commercial organization income is affected by the turnover rate of his goods.

According to statistics, that part of the raised funds that is kept in banks on client deposits “on demand” turns over on average 30, and even 50 times a year. Economists' conclusion: demand funds have the most high speed appeals. By managing your liquidity (speed of receiving full cost) banks direct precisely these funds into valuables, which are also “fast” in terms of turnover:

Most of it in cash, to their correspondent accounts in other banks, including the Bank of Russia,

A minority in short-term government securities,

And quite a bit in overdrafts or short-term loans, lending to borrowers.

For banks, this is one of the cheapest money, which it buys at 0.001-4% per annum. The most low rate usually installed for legal entities. Why so cheap? Because there is always a risk that the client will turn to the bank for his money at any time and the funds will be withdrawn from circulation unexpectedly. The exact period for their demand is not specified (in the agreement between the client and the bank) intentionally. Liquidity banking assets will be sharply reduced in this case. After all, the funds that the client-seller unexpectedly took from the bank cannot also be unexpectedly withdrawn from the client-buyer by the bank itself. It is for this risk that the “purchase” price has been reduced, i.e. deposit on demand.

As practice shows, some of these deposits are not withdrawn from the accounts by their owners for a very long time, which makes these funds even more attractive to credit institutions. The share of demand deposits is very large compared to the total number of fixed-term deposits.

For individuals A demand deposit can be used as a current account, and for legal entities - as a settlement account. Money can be collected in cash or by transfer. How else does this deposit differ from similar bank offers?

Features of demand deposits in a bank

For such deposits, the following rules apply to everyone:

deposits are opened for an indefinite period;
money must be issued upon the client’s first request;

Interest on demand is the smallest of the entire line bank deposits. Banks are not interested in deposits from which money can be withdrawn at any time. WITH high percentage credit organizations They offer deposits that cannot be reset for a long time.

However, the interest rate may change depending on unilaterally. The client will be informed about this via SMS or email.

You can manage such a deposit remotely using interactive banking systems(Internet banking, mobile banking, ATMs). In addition, using such an account it is convenient to carry out operations:

on opening a time deposit;
receiving royalties, wages and other cash receipts.

You can link a deposit card to a demand deposit for ease of use.

Today it is especially popular among banking services enjoys demand deposit of Sberbank of Russia. This deposit is an excellent opportunity not only to ensure the safety of your own savings, but also to receive, albeit a small, interest.

Sberbank previously offered demand deposits in the form of savings books. It is still relevant today. The bank itself considers demand deposits to be a very convenient tool that can perform some of the functions of plastic cards (make non-cash payments).

Features of demand deposits

Sberbank calls demand deposit deposit account, used for cashless payment, saving funds, as well as accrual and capitalization of interest.

When choosing a demand deposit at Sberbank, you need to take into account that it has its own characteristics:

The contract has no time limit and does not need to be extended. Therefore, if such a deposit was opened in Sberbank 5–7 years ago, then it will be possible to use it now. The exception is in individual cases (the presence of individual restrictions).
The client can independently choose the deposit currency. It can be not only rubles, dollars and euros, but also national currencies any other countries.
To open a deposit you need to top it up with 10 rubles. If a client of Sberbank of Russia has chosen a different currency, then the minimum down payment should be an amount equal to 5 dollars.
The deposit rate in any currency is the same. Its size does not depend on the shelf life. It is 0.01%.
Any transactions can be performed exclusively in person and only at a Sberbank branch by presenting a passport. The exception is situations when the deposit holder issues a power of attorney to another person. The document must be certified by a notary.
In case of drawing up testamentary disposition legal heirs will be able to dispose of the funds available in the account.
Using a deposit, you can receive transfers or make them, withdraw existing funds.
Interest accrues at the end of each quarter. They can be credited earlier only if the account is closed.
Closing a deposit is possible at any time. This will return all cash and interest accrued over the entire period.

Requirements for the investor

A client can count on opening a deposit if:

he is already 18 years old;
he has Russian citizenship;
he is registered on the territory of Russia (permanent or temporary registration).

A potential investor who does not have citizenship or registration may try to open a deposit. He needs to contact the Sberbank branch in person. Perhaps opening a deposit will be approved.

Procedure for making a deposit

To open a demand deposit, you need to go to a Sberbank branch. You will have to take your passport or other identification document with you.

The client fills out an application in the form of a questionnaire, not forgetting to leave his own signature. After this, you need to make an initial payment to the cashier. The specialist will issue the savings book immediately to the depositor.

Particular attention should be paid to your own signature. Committing any expense transactions By this account will only occur if the signature matches the one left on the application. Therefore, it is important to remember exactly how the signature was made.

Comparison of demand deposit and universal deposit

Demand deposit and universal deposit are very similar to each other. These banking products perform the same functions and have the same pros and cons. The only difference is the validity period.

You can open a universal deposit only for a period of 5 years. Extension is possible only after the contract has been extended. Otherwise, the account must be closed. But a demand deposit is unlimited and does not require renewal.

Advantages

Like any other product developed by the bank, this type of deposit has a number of advantages. These include:

Service availability. Opening a deposit is possible with only 10 rubles. Everyone can use it. In addition, account maintenance is completely free. And you can get your own deposit account immediately at a bank branch. For using the card, for example, the owner pays the bank a certain amount.

A huge number of possibilities for the client. The owner can do whatever he wants with the money in the account (transfer, withdraw, top up, and so on). The only condition is that the balance is 10 rubles.
Simplicity and speed of deposit registration. The deposit is opened for the client in 20-30 minutes. Moreover, today it is possible to do this at any branch of Sberbank.
Widespread use. This means that you can use your savings book in an office or branch of Sberbank.

Flaws

Demand deposits also have their disadvantages:

Low percentage. Using this deposit to increase your own savings is inappropriate. The amount will increase, but only slightly. They open such a deposit to store their own savings and make non-cash transfers.
Use exclusively at Sberbank cash desks or offices. This disadvantage is quite significant in our time. You cannot pay for any services in stores using a savings book. Most often, such deposits are opened by older people, as well as those who do not use plastic cards.

Let's sum it up

A demand deposit is banking product Sberbank. The provision of this service is aimed at older people. Another group of users are citizens who want to spend their savings somewhere, but have not yet decided on the area of investment. It makes no sense to open other deposits, because a solution may appear today. And for each day of storage of funds on savings book interest is charged, albeit small.

Payment of interest quarterly.

Partial withdrawal is possible up to the minimum balance.

Deposit replenishment is possible without restrictions.

Free SMS and E-mail information

SMS service

mobile phone

amount of accumulated/paid interest
expiration date of the Deposit Agreement (7 days before the end of the deposit)

E-mail service

Monthly statements to your address email:

amount of interest paid
cash balance at the end of the calendar month
movement of funds in the deposit account (if the deposit involves making debit transactions or replenishment)

To connect to the service, simply fill out the Application and submit it to your service office.

The service is provided free of charge.

Internet banking

You can find out detailed information about your deposit, the amount of accumulated interest, and account details in the Internet bank. Be aware of what is happening with your funds every day and around the clock.

Through Internet Banking you can make a variety of payments for public utilities, Internet, mobile phone, fines and duties, as well as use money transfers or pay for a loan at the Bank.

For your convenience, you can issue

Interest-free loans for investors

When you open a “Profitable” deposit, we will issue you a credit card free of charge. bank card Visa Platinum With interest-free period up to 50 days. Size credit limit up to 90% of your deposit amount.

When paying for your purchases with a Visa Platinum card, we return Cash Back bonuses up to 5% to your account.

To open a credit Visa cards Platinum additional documents not required.

Free registration powers of attorney

When opening a deposit, the Bank issues free Powers of Attorney to manage accounts, as well as to receive money transfers. A power of attorney can be issued either one-time (for example, for a one-time receipt of amounts from an account) or for complete management of the account. To issue a power of attorney, you must contact an employee of the Bank office, having with you your passport and passport details of the authorized person, and sign the power of attorney in the presence of a Bank employee.

Deposit on demand - why does a depositor need such a product? Deposit on demand Requirements for the depositor