Nominal and real GDP of the Russian Federation. Russian gdp. GDP at purchasing power parity

The year 2016 is already coming to an end, and we are all starting to think about what the coming year will give us. That is why I decided to fill my blog with new articles about GDP for 2017... The first in line is GDP in Russia for 2017, followed by articles on GDP in Ukraine, Belarus and Kazakhstan. Well, I have shared my plans, now let's proceed directly to the calculations of GDP.

By the way, the forecast of Russia's GDP for 2018 and the forecast for the Russian budget for 2018 have already been released. In my previous articles about Russia's GDP for 2014 and 2015, as well as over the years, my forecast data did not fully correspond to the final result. For example, I predicted Russia's GDP in 2016 at the following levels, but it turned out like this:

- GDP in 2016 in USD, I predicted in the amount of 1327 billion USD. USA, but it turned out $ 1267 billion USA
- GDP in 2016 at PPP in US $ I predicted in the amount of 3437 billion US dollars. USA, but it turned out $ 3745 billion USA
- I predicted the 2016 ruble GDP at 82,573 billion rubles, while there is Rosstat data for 3 quarters of 2016 (60,730 billion rubles), but with the help of interpolation it is possible to predict with great accuracy what it will be 83,898 billion rubles.

In this article I will try to be more objective and accurate in my estimates and calculations.

We calculate Russia's GDP in 2017

For what to do GDP forecast For Russia for 2017, we first turn to the 2017 budget.

RF budget for 2017

The law assumes revenues in 2017 in the amount of 13 trillion. 487.6 billion rubles, expenses - 16 trillion. 240.8 billion rubles. Thus, the deficit should be 2 trillion. 753.2 billion rubles.

As a source of financing the deficit federal budget in 2017, it is proposed to use the Reserve Fund in the amount of $ 1.15 trillion. rubles, as well as the use of funds from the National Welfare Fund (NWF) in the amount of 668.2 billion rubles. As a result Reserve fund will be completely exhausted in 2017. At the end of 2017, the NWF will retain $ 4.19 trillion. rubles, at the end of 2018 - 3.102 trillion, at the end of 2019 - 3.056 trillion.

Included in the project average price for oil is $ 40 per barrel. The dollar / ruble exchange rate for 2017 is set at 67.5 rubles per dollar, in 2018 - 68.7 rubles, in 2019 - 71.1 rubles. Inflation in 2017–2019 is projected at 4%.

We also need a forecast for the growth of the Russian economy for 2017 from the IMF

IMF experts partly associate optimistic forecasts for Russia for 2017 with higher oil prices. In addition, the published report of the IMF noted the expected decline in inflation to 5.6% by the end of the year.

What did we find out in the end? In 2017, inflation in Russia is projected at the level 4% , GDP growth at the level 1,1% , and the dollar rate 67,5 .

In order to calculate GDP in Russia for 2017 in rubles US

Russian GDP 2017 in rubles = Russian GDP 2016 (rubles) + (inflation rate in 2017 + GDP growth in 2017)

We consider: 83898+ (4 + 1.1)% = 83898 + 5.1% = 83898 + 4279 = 88177 billion rubles

In order to calculate GDP in Russia for 2017 in US dollars (nominal) you need to apply the following formula:

Russian GDP 2017 (nominal) in USD USA = GDP of Russia 2017 in rubles / exchange rate for 2017

We consider: 88177 / 67.5 = 1306 billion US dollars.

In order to calculate GDP in Russia for 2017 in US dollars (PPP) you need to apply the following formula:

Russian GDP 2017 (PPP) in USD US = Russian GDP 2016 (PPP) in USD USA + GDP growth 2017

We consider: 3745 + 1.1% = 3745 + 41 = US $ 3,786 billion.

Table: Russia's GDP for 1995 - 2021 (nominal, PPP, ruble, dollar)

Year	GDP in billion rubles	GDP, nominal, $ billion	GDP in PPP, billion $	Inflation%	Wed year course
1995	1 429	400	—	131,60	—
1996	2 008	392	—	21,80	—
1997	2 343	405	—	11,00	—
1998	2 629,6	271	1 650	84,50	9,70
1999	4 823,2	196	1 756	36,60	24,62
2000	7 305,6	260	1 931	20,10	28,14
2001	8 943,6	307	2 029	18,80	29,17
2002	10 830,5	346	2 126	15,06	31,35
2003	13 208,2	430	2 281	11,99	30,69
2004	17 027,2	591	2 444	11,74	28,81
2005	21 609,8	764	2 600	10,91	28,30
2006	26 917,2	990	2 812	9,00	27,17
2007	33 247,5	1 300	3 052	11,87	25,58
2008	41 276,8	1 661	3 213	13,28	24,86
2009	38 807,2	1 222	2 961	8,80	31,83
2010	46 308,5	1 480	3 095	8,78	30,36
2011	60 282,5	1 885	3 227	6,10	29,39
2012	68 163,9	1 954	3 338	6,58	31,08
2013	73 133,9	2 097	3 492	6,45	31,85
2014	79 199,7	1 849	3 558	11,36	38,61
2015	83 387,2	1 326	3 473	12,91	61,07
2016	86 148,6	1 267	3 745	5,50	67,00
2017 (forecast)	88 177	1 306	3 786	4,00	67,50
2017 (real)	92 037,2	1578,45	4 000	4,00	58,3086
2018 (forecast)	97 283,2	1503,60	4 152	4	64,7
2018 (real)	103 626,6	1571,85	4168, 884	5	62,9264
2019 (forecast)	110 362,3	1649,66	4260,6	4,3	66,9
2019 (real)

Who is interested in the distribution of Russia's GDP for 2016 by sectors of the economy looks like this

Industries	%
Agriculture, hunting and forestry	3,95
Fishing, fish farming	0,26
Mining	8,64
Manufacturing industries	12,34
Production and distribution of electricity, gas and water	2,56
Construction	4,65
Wholesale and retail; repair vehicles, motorcycles, household products and personal items	14,20
Hotels and restaurants	0,80
Transport and communications	6,84
Financial activities	4,43
Operations with real estate, rental and provision of services	15,52
Public administration and military security; social insurance	7,37
Education	2,37
Health care and social services	3,74
Provision of other communal, social and personal services	1,50
Household activities	0,66
Net taxes on products	10,18

The same thing, only in the form of a picture

During 1990-2018. Russia's GDP in current prices increased by $ 1,086.4 billion (2.9 times) to $ 1,660.5 billion; the change occurred by -14.0 billion dollars due to a decline in the population by 3.6 million, and also by 1,100.5 billion dollars due to an increase in GDP per capita by 7,644.0 dollars. The average annual growth of Russia's GDP was at the level of $ 38.8 billion, or 3.9%. The average annual growth of Russia's GDP in constant prices was 0.70%. The share in the world decreased by 0.56%. The share in Europe increased by 1.0%. The minimum of GDP was in 1999 ($ ​​197.3 billion). The maximum GDP was in 2013 ($ 2,297.1 billion).

During 1990-2018. GDP per capita in Russia increased by $ 7,644.0 (3.0 times) to $ 11,534.0. The average annual growth of GDP per capita in current prices is $ 273.0 or 4.0%.

The change in Russia's GDP is described by a linear correlation-regression model: y = 64.3x-127 968.9, where y is the calculated value of Russia's GDP, x is a year. Correlation coefficient = 0.812. Determination coefficient = 0.659.

GDP of Russia, 1990-1999 (decline)

Throughout 1990-1999. Russia's GDP in current prices decreased by $ 376.8 billion (by 65.6%) to $ 197.3 billion; the change took place by $ -2.6 billion due to a decrease in the population by $ 0.66 million, and also by $ -374.2 billion due to a drop in GDP per capita by $ 2,547.0. The average annual growth of Russia's GDP was at the level of -41.9 billion dollars, or -11.2%. The average annual growth of Russia's GDP in constant prices was at the level of -5.3%. The share in the world decreased by 1.9%. The share in Europe decreased by 4.7%.

For the period 1990-1999 GDP per capita in Russia increased by $ 2,547.0 (65.5%) to $ 1,343.0. The average annual growth of GDP per capita in current prices amounted to -283.0 dollars or -11.1%.

Russian GDP, 1999-2018 (growth)

During 1999-2018. Russia's GDP in current prices increased by $ 1,463.2 billion (8.4 times) to $ 1,660.5 billion; the change occurred by -4.0 billion dollars due to a decrease in the population by 2.9 million, and also by 1,467.2 billion dollars due to an increase in GDP per capita by 10,191.0 dollars. The average annual growth of Russia's GDP amounted to $ 77.0 billion, or 11.9%. The average annual growth of Russia's GDP in constant prices was at the level of 3.7%. The share in the world increased by 1.3%. The share in Europe increased by 5.7%.

During 1999-2018. GDP per capita in Russia increased by $ 10,191.0 (8.6 times) to $ 11,534.0. The average annual growth of GDP per capita in current prices amounted to $ 536.4 or 12.0%.

GDP of Russia, 1990

GDP of Russia in 1990 it was equal to $ 574.1 billion, ranked 9th in the world and was at the level of Canada's GDP ($ 596.1 billion), Spain's GDP ($ 536.5 billion). The share of Russia's GDP in the world was 2.5%.

In 1990, it was equal to $ 3,890.0, ranked 68th in the world and was at the level of GDP per capita in Trinidad and Tobago ($ 4,159.0), GDP per capita in the Cook Islands ($ 3,954.0), GDP per capita in Turkey ($ 3,847.0). GDP per capita in Russia was less than GDP per capita in the world ($ 4,317.0) by $ 427.0.

Comparison of GDP of Russia and its neighbors in 1990. Russia's GDP was 45.5% larger than China's ($ 394.6 billion), Finland's GDP ($ 141.4 billion) 4.1 times, Ukraine's GDP ($ 93.5 billion) 6.1 times, Kazakhstan's GDP ($ 29.7 billion). USD) by 19.3 times, the GDP of Belarus (19.5 billion USD) by 29.5 times, the GDP of Mongolia (1.7 billion USD) by 334.7 times, but it was less than the GDP of Japan (3 132.8 billion USD) by 81.7%. GDP per capita in Russia was 2.0 times higher than GDP per capita in Belarus ($ 1,907.0), GDP per capita in Ukraine ($ 1,816.0) was 2.1 times, GDP per capita in Kazakhstan ($ 1,794.0 ) 2.2 times, GDP per capita in Mongolia (785.0 dollars) 5.0 times, GDP per capita in China (337.0 dollars) 11.5 times, but was less than GDP per capita in Finland (28 310.0 dollars) by 86.3%, GDP per capita in Japan (25 160.0 dollars) by 84.5%.

Comparison of Russia's GDP and leaders in 1990. Russia's GDP was less than the US GDP ($ 5,963.1 billion) by 90.4%, Japan's GDP ($ 3,132.8 billion) by 81.7%, German GDP ($ 1,771.6 billion) by 67.6%, France's GDP ($ 1,269.1 billion) by 54.8%, Italy's GDP ($ 1,176.4 billion) by 51.2%. GDP per capita in Russia was less than GDP per capita in Japan ($ 25,160.0) by 84.5%, GDP per capita in the US ($ 23,614.0) by 83.5%, GDP per capita in Germany ($ 22,392.0 ) by 82.6%, GDP per capita in France (21 685.0 dollars) by 82.1%, GDP per capita in Italy (20 593.0 dollars) by 81.1%.

Russia's GDP potential in 1990. With GDP per capita at the same level as GDP per capita in Finland (28 310.0 dollars), the best neighbor, Russia's GDP would be 4 177.9 billion dollars, which is 7.3 times higher than the actual level. With GDP per capita at the same level as GDP per capita in Japan ($ 25,160.0), Russia's GDP would be $ 3,713.0 billion, which is 6.5 times higher than the actual level. With GDP per capita at the same level as GDP per capita in Europe ($ 12,086.0), Russia's GDP would have been $ 1,783.6 billion, which is 3.1 times higher than the actual level. With the GDP per capita at the same level as the GDP per capita in the world ($ 4,317.0), Russia's GDP would have been $ 637.1 billion, which is 11% more than the actual level.

GDP of Russia, 1999

GDP of Russia in 1999 it was equal to 197.3 billion dollars, ranked 22nd in the world. The share of Russia's GDP in the world was 0.60%.

GDP per capita in Russia in 1999 it amounted to $ 1,343.0, ranked 125th in the world and was at the level of GDP per capita in Guatemala ($ 1,434.0), GDP per capita in Montenegro ($ 1,361.0), GDP per capita in Samoa (1,359.0 dollars), GDP per capita in Egypt ($ 1,339.0), GDP per capita in Bosnia and Herzegovina ($ 1,278.0), GDP per capita in Belarus ($ 1,257.0). GDP per capita in Russia was less than GDP per capita in the world ($ 5,387.0) by $ 4,044.0.

Comparison of GDP of Russia and its neighbors in 1999. Russia's GDP was 45.9% higher than that of Finland ($ 135.2 billion), Ukraine's GDP ($ 32.7 billion) by 6.0 times, Kazakhstan's GDP ($ 16.9 billion) by 11.7 times, Belarus' GDP ($ 12.5 billion). dollars) 15.7 times, Mongolia's GDP (1.2 billion dollars) 160.1 times, but was less than Japan's GDP China's GDP (1,094.0 billion dollars) by 82%. GDP per capita in Russia was more than GDP per capita in Belarus ($ 1,257.0) by 6.8%, GDP per capita in Kazakhstan ($ 1,112.0) by 20.8%, GDP per capita in China ($ 858.0) by 56.5%, GDP per capita in Ukraine (664.0 dollars) by 2.0 times, GDP per capita in Mongolia (519.0 dollars) by 2.6 times, but was less than GDP per capita in Japan (35,827.0 dollars) by 96.3 %, GDP per capita in Finland ($ 26,124.0) by 94.9%.

Comparison of Russia's GDP and leaders in 1999. Russia's GDP was less than that of the United States ($ 9,630.7 billion) by 98%, Japan's GDP ($ 4,562.1 billion) by 95.7%, German GDP ($ 2,194.1 billion) by 91%, Great Britain's GDP ($ 1,682.5 billion) by 88.3%, France's GDP ($ 1,492.6 billion) by 86.8%. GDP per capita in Russia was less than GDP per capita in Japan ($ 35,827.0) by 96.3%, GDP per capita in the United States ($ 34,536.0) by 96.1%, GDP per capita in the UK ($ 28,640.0) ) by 95.3%, GDP per capita in Germany (26 928.0 dollars) by 95%, GDP per capita in France (24 410.0 dollars) by 94.5%.

Russia's GDP potential in 1999. With GDP per capita at the same level as GDP per capita in Japan ($ 35,827.0), Russia's GDP would be $ 5,263.4 billion, which is 26.7 times higher than the actual level. With GDP per capita at the same level as GDP per capita in Europe ($ 14,172.0), Russia's GDP would be $ 2,082.0 billion, which is 10.6 times higher than the actual level. With GDP per capita at the same level as GDP per capita in the world ($ 5,387.0), Russia's GDP would be $ 791.4 billion, which is 4.0 times the actual level. With GDP per capita at the same level as GDP per capita in Eastern Europe($ 1,960.0), Russia's GDP would have been $ 287.9 ​​billion, which is 45.9% more than the actual level.

GDP of Russia, 2018

GDP of Russia in 2018 it amounted to $ 1,660.5 billion, ranked 12th in the world and was at the level of South Korea's GDP ($ 1,720.5 billion), Canada's GDP ($ 1,712.6 billion). The share of Russia's GDP in the world was 1.9%.

GDP per capita in Russia in 2018 it was 11,534.0 dollars, ranked 78th in the world and was at the level of GDP per capita in Montserrat (12,238.9 dollars), GDP per capita in Romania (12,234.0 dollars), GDP per capita in Costa Rica (12 $ 139.0), GDP per capita in the Maldives ($ 11,992.0), GDP per capita in Argentina ($ 11,602.0), GDP per capita in Mauritius ($ 11,212.0), GDP per capita in Nauru ($ 11,201.9 ), GDP per capita in Malaysia ($ 11,191.0), GDP per capita in Grenada ($ 10,787.0). GDP per capita in Russia was more than GDP per capita in the world ($ 11,230.0) by $ 304.0.

Comparison of GDP of Russia and its neighbors in 2018. Russia's GDP was 6.0 times greater than that of Finland ($ 276.9 billion), Kazakhstan's GDP ($ 179.3 billion) was 9.3 times larger, Ukraine's GDP ($ 130.8 billion) was 12.7 times, Belarus’s GDP (59.7 billion dollars) 27.8 times, Mongolia's GDP (13.0 billion dollars) 127.6 times, but was less than China's GDP Japan's GDP (4 971.3 billion dollars) by 66.6%. GDP per capita in Russia was more than GDP per capita in Kazakhstan ($ 9,745.0) by 18.4%, GDP per capita in China ($ 9,617.0) by 19.9%, GDP per capita in Belarus ($ 6,312.0 ) by 82.7%, GDP per capita in Mongolia (4,167.0 dollars) by 2.8 times, GDP per capita in Ukraine (2,973.0 dollars) by 3.9 times, but was less than GDP per capita in Finland (49,955.0 dollars ) by 76.9%, GDP per capita in Japan (39,087.0 dollars) by 70.5%.

Comparison of Russia's GDP and leaders in 2018. Russia's GDP was 91.9% less than that of the United States ($ 20,580.2 billion), China's GDP ($ 13,608.2 billion) by 87.8%, Japan's GDP ($ 4,971.3 billion) by 66.6%, German GDP ($ 3,949.5 billion) by 58%, UK GDP ($ 2,855.3 billion) by 41.8%. GDP per capita in Russia was higher than GDP per capita in China (9 617.0 dollars) by 19.9%, but was less than GDP per capita in the United States (62 981.0 dollars) by 81.7%, GDP per capita in Germany (47 993.0 dollars) by 76%, GDP per capita in the UK (42 889.0 dollars) by 73.1%, GDP per capita in Japan (39 087.0 dollars) by 70.5%.

Russia's GDP potential in 2018. With GDP per capita at the same level as GDP per capita in the United States ($ 62,981.0), Russia's GDP would have been $ 9,067.2 billion, which is 5.5 times higher than the actual level. With GDP per capita at the same level as GDP per capita in Finland ($ 49,955.0), the best neighbor, Russia's GDP would be $ 7,191.9 billion, 4.3 times the actual level. With GDP per capita at the same level as GDP per capita in Europe ($ 29,424.0), Russia's GDP would be $ 4,236.1 billion, which is 2.6 times higher than the actual level.

GDP of Russia, 1990-2018

year	GDP, billions of dollars	GDP per capita, dollars	GDP, billions of dollars	GDP growth,%	share of Russia,%
	current prices		constant prices 1990		in the world	in Europe	in Eastern Europe
1990	574.1	3 890.0	574.1		2.5	6.6	62.8
1991	563.8	3 809.0	545.4	-5.0	2.3	6.3	64.3
1992	493.0	3 324.0	466.3	-14.5	1.9	5.1	61.1
1993	460.8	3 105.0	425.7	-8.7	1.8	5.2	58.8
1994	410.9	2 769.0	371.7	-12.7	1.5	4.5	55.2
1995	402.3	2 713.0	356.4	-4.1	1.3	3.8	50.7
1996	394.9	2 667.0	343.6	-3.6	1.2	3.6	49.2
1997	407.8	2 760.0	348.3	1.4	1.3	4.0	50.1
1998	272.9	1 852.0	329.7	-5.3	0.87	2.6	38.8
1999	197.3	1 343.0	350.6	6.4	0.60	1.9	33.0
2000	261.6	1 787.0	385.8	10.0	0.78	2.7	39.7
2001	308.8	2 118.0	405.5	5.1	0.92	3.1	41.1
2002	347.9	2 396.0	424.7	4.7	1.0	3.2	41.2
2003	434.6	3 006.0	455.7	7.3	1.1	3.3	42.4
2004	596.7	4 143.0	488.4	7.2	1.4	3.9	45.4
2005	771.5	5 372.0	519.6	6.4	1.6	4.8	47.4
2006	999.6	6 975.0	561.9	8.2	1.9	5.7	50.4
2007	1 312.4	9 168.0	609.9	8.5	2.3	6.5	51.1
2008	1 677.1	11 721.0	641.9	5.2	2.6	7.5	51.9
2009	1 234.6	8 628.0	591.7	-7.8	2.0	6.3	49.3
2010	1 539.8	10 757.0	618.3	4.5	2.3	7.8	53.8
2011	2 051.7	14 321.0	644.7	4.3	2.8	9.3	58.2
2012	2 210.3	15 411.0	668.3	3.7	2.9	10.5	61.1
2013	2 297.1	15 997.0	680.2	1.8	3.0	10.5	60.8
2014	2 063.7	14 355.0	685.0	0.70	2.6	9.3	58.3
2015	1 366.0	9 494.0	669.2	-2.3	1.8	7.1	52.0
2016	1 285.0	8 926.0	671.4	0.33	1.7	6.7	50.2
2017	1 581.4	10 983.0	682.3	1.6	2.0	7.8	52.6
2018	1 660.5	11 534.0	697.7	2.3	1.9	7.6	50.9

Picture. GDP of Russia, 1990-2018

Picture. GDP per capita in Russia, 1990-2018

Picture. GDP growth in Russia, 1990-2018

Russian GDP by Expenditure

Russia's GDP by spending,%, 1990-2018

Index		1990	2000	2010	2018
Consumer spending		68.5	60.6	68.9	66.7
incl.	Household spending	48.6	45.8	50.9	49.4
	Government spending	19.9	14.7	18.0	17.4

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One of the key indicators of the country's progress within the macroeconomy is commonly called the gross domestic product. It reflects the size of the values ​​produced within the country for the consumption of products and services for a one-year period of all economic sectors country. It consolidates in itself the entire range of manufactured products, regardless of the belonging of the national production factors involved in production process, both for consumption within the country and for export purposes, accumulation. This term was introduced for the first time by S. Kuznets in 1934.

Russia's GDP is expressed in rubles, so it is recalculated in foreign currency according to the current settlement period exchange rate... For the refined version in the international comparative characteristics, the purchasing power parity system - PPP is used.

Types of gross product

Modern macroeconomic science has identified two types of it:

• Rated product;
• Real product.

It is customary to understand the nominal product as the value of the volumes of all final services and goods produced within the regional industries or the country, expressed in prices for the current period. By means of real GDP, the physical volumes of products and services produced for a specific period are measured. To calculate it, two time periods are taken, and real GDP is compared within each. The difference between nominal and real GDP is that the latter type does not depend on inflation. So, when calculating the real gross product price increases or decreases are not taken into account. And the nominal gross product, on the contrary, is directly dependent on the price index, as well as the income of an individual economy. With a rise in prices, an increase in nominal GDP is also observed, with a fall, accordingly, its decline. In real gross product, only production growth is taken as a basis. These indicators determine the degree and nature economic development country or region. The dynamics of Russia's GDP allows analysts to make forecasts regarding economic growth or falling for the years to come.

Features of the structure of Russia's GDP and dynamics

The structure of Russia's GDP includes all economic and key social sectors, sources of income, as well as the GDP of all regions of the country.

So, it is customary to consider GDP indicators by industry:

• Agriculture;
• Mining natural resources- mineral;
• Manufacturing industrial production;
• Energy industry;
• Construction sector;
• The sphere of trade;
• The field of transport and communications;
• Hotel and restaurant business;
• The field of financial activities;
• Healthcare and education and other industries.

By sources of income, it is customary to consider the following structural elements of GDP:

• Payment for the labor activity of hired workers;
• Clean tax profits for production and imports;
• Gross economic profit and mixed gross income.

V structure of GDP In Russia, the regional gross product of the subjects of the state is taken into account. This indicator allows analysts to judge the state of economic development, both in individual regions and in the country as a whole. The analysis is based on Russia's GDP by years, on the basis of which a dynamic development curve is drawn. In addition, according to the indicators of the gross product, one can judge the quality of life of the population as a whole, as a growth in GDP indicates an improvement in the life of citizens, while a decline indicates a decrease in the quality of life.

Source: Rosstat

We propose to consider Russia's GDP in dynamics on a graph by years.

The volume of the gross domestic product per capita is used as a key indicator. It is calculated using a formula in which the volume of GDP in value terms is divided by the population. For more objective estimates, a calculation based on purchasing power parity is used.

The volume of GDP in current prices in 2019 amounted to: 24,487.1 billion rubles. Volume index relative to the 1st quarter of 2018 amounted to: 100.5%, relative to the IV quarter of 2018 - 82.3% The GDP deflator index for the 1st quarter of 2019 relative to the prices of the 1st quarter of 2018 amounted to 108.5%.

Meanwhile, already at the beginning of this year, assumptions were made about the factors and prerequisites for growth Country GDP are still present. This makes it possible to forecast the further positive dynamics of the growth of the gross indicator, but its main stages of growth can be observed only by the end of the annual period. Opinions of international experts and major players financial market also disappointing: GDP growth in 2019 in best case will reach the level of 0.3-0.4%. The development of individual sectors of the economy is also of great importance.

GDP is usually presented in 6 indicators. All of them, with varying degrees of reliability, characterize what is happening in the economy.

• GDP in nominal terms is the value of all goods and services produced by all citizens of the country;
• GDP in real terms (excluding inflation);
• GDP Growth - YoY Changes;
• GDP PPP (parity purchasing power) relies on domestic prices;
• GDP per capita at purchasing power parity - GDP per citizen, taking into account his ability to purchase goods and services within his country.

In order to compare the GDP of different countries, it is usually expressed in $. So, what is Russia's GDP in 2016 and how has it changed compared to last year?

Nominal GDP of Russia in 2016, expressed in $

146 million Russian citizens earned in 2016 for their country and for themselves:

$ 1.280 billion

It . This is how the value of nominal GDP in $ changed over the years: The fall in nominal GDP in $ compared to last year - 14% or $ 191 billion. Since 2013, the dollar nominal GDP has fallen almost 2 times - to the 2006 level.

Nominal GDP of Russia in 2016 in rubles

The country's GDP, expressed in national currency, a rather manipulative value, because, unlike the previous indicator, it does not take into account changes in the exchange rate and is only important for domestic consumption. Growth, for example, can only be achieved through inflation, and not through increased productivity or improvements in the economy. This is exactly the case of Russia's ruble GDP for 2016, where the growth of 5 trillion. rubles is only an indicator of an increase in prices for goods and services. Ruble nominal GDP of the Russian Federation in 2016:

83 trillion rubles

The graph of the nominal GDP of the Russian Federation by years, expressed in rubles:
To calculate GDP without inflation, the so-called “real GDP” is used.

Real GDP of the Russian Federation in 2016 in rubles

This is what Russia's GDP looks like without inflationary growth:
This is 44 billion rubles in 93 prices. As can be seen from the graph, GDP growth in 2016 is also negative.

Russia's GDP growth in 2016

-1,8%

GDP per capita 2016

All the above figures are not very informative for the purpose of determining the final level of the material situation of the citizens of the country. For example, the Chinese economy in absolute terms is on, while the citizens of some Luxembourg. And the point is clear in what - in the number of citizens of the country. Therefore, to determine the standard of living, the GDP divided by each citizen is calculated. In 2016, every Russian had:

$ 7742

It . The graph of the wealth of Russians since 93 is as follows:
The drop relative to the level of 2013 is exactly 2 times.

GDP at purchasing power parity

This is a rather crafty indicator, usually cited either by officials or not quite literate economists as a “correct” calculation of GDP. The calculation of parity itself (the level of prices for similar groups of goods in different countries) - quite a manipulation, because it uses only 1 factor (prices), omitting many others - the quality of goods, tax system, social level security, etc. How, in such a calculation, ruble expenses (prices) and dollar revenues (export of raw materials) are correlated remains a mystery. Nevertheless, the indicator is calculated, and for 2016 the Russian GDP at PPP.

Russia's GDP is indicated at current prices in 2015 in billions of rubles. The recalculation of Russia's GDP into US dollars was carried out at the average annual rate of the US dollar to the Russian ruble.

Russia's GDP from 1998 to 2016 in Russian rubles and US dollars.

Russia's GDP 1998 - 2629,6 billion rubles at the rub / usd rate = 9.70 Russian GDP in US dollars in 1998 - 271,09 billion dollars
GDP of Russia 1999 - 4823,2 billion rubles at the rub / usd rate = 24.62 Russia's GDP in US dollars in 1999 - 195,91 billion dollars
GDP of Russia 2000 - 7305,6 billion rubles at the rub / usd rate = 28.14 Russian GDP in US dollars in 2000 - 259,62 billion dollars
Russian GDP 2001 - 8943,6 billion rubles at the rub / usd rate = 29.17 Russian GDP in US dollars in 2001 - 306,60 billion dollars
GDP of Russia 2002 - 10830,5 billion rubles at the rub / usd rate = 31.35 Russian GDP in US dollars in 2002 - 345,47 billion dollars
GDP of Russia 2003 - 13208,2 billion rubles at the rub / usd rate = 30.69 Russian GDP in US dollars in 2003 - 430,37 billion dollars
Russia's GDP in 2004 - 17027,2 billion rubles at the rate rub / usd = 28.81 GDP of Russia in US dollars in 2004 - 591,02 billion dollars
GDP of Russia 2005 - 21609,8 billion rubles at the rub / usd rate = 28.30 Russian GDP in US dollars in 2005 - 763,60 billion dollars
GDP of Russia 2006 - 26917,2 billion rubles at the rub / usd rate = 27.17 Russian GDP in US dollars in 2006 - 990,70 billion dollars
Russia's GDP 2007 - 33247,5 billion rubles at the rub / usd rate = 25.58 Russian GDP in US dollars in 2007 - 1299,75 billion dollars
Russia's GDP 2008 - 41276,8 billion rubles at the rub / usd rate = 24.86 Russian GDP in US dollars in 2008 - 1660,37 billion dollars
GDP of Russia 2009 - 38807,2 billion rubles at the rub / usd rate = 31.83 Russia's GDP in US dollars in 2009 - 1219,20 billion dollars
Russia's GDP 2010 - 46308,5 billion rubles at the rub / usd rate = 30.36 Russian GDP in US dollars in 2010 - 1525,31 billion dollars
Russia's GDP 2011 - 59698,1 billion rubles at the rub / usd rate = 29.39 Russian GDP in US dollars in 2011 - 2031,24 billion dollars
GDP of Russia 2012 - 66926,9 billion rubles at the rub / usd rate = 31.09 Russian GDP in US dollars in 2012 - 2152,68 billion dollars
Russia's GDP 2013 - 71016,7 billion rubles at the rub / usd rate = 31.85 Russian GDP in US dollars in 2013 - 2229,72 billion dollars
GDP of Russia 2014 - 79199,7 billion rubles at the rub / usd rate = 38.42 Russia's GDP in US dollars in 2014 - 2061,42 billion dollars
Russia's GDP 2015 - 83232,6 billion rubles at the rub / usd rate = 60.95 Russian GDP in US dollars in 2015 - 1365,59 billion dollars
Russia's GDP 2016 - 86043,6 billion rubles at the rub / usd rate = 67.03 Russia's GDP in US dollars in 2016 - 1283,66 billion dollars