As of August 2014.

Agreed
with the USSR State Construction Committee and the Main
sanitary and epidemiological
management of the Ministry
health care of the USSR
with changes,
introduced in 1969

1. General instructions

1.1. These standards apply to the design of veterinary facilities for newly built and reconstructed livestock, fur and poultry farms on collective farms, state farms, poultry farms and other agricultural enterprises.

1.2. When designing veterinary facilities, as well as individual buildings and structures of the veterinary service, one should be guided, in addition to these standards, by current standards construction design.

1.3. The veterinary facilities provided for by these standards are intended for the implementation of medical, preventive and veterinary-sanitary measures, as well as diagnostic studies of animals and birds.

1.4. Veterinary facilities on collective and state farms are provided depending on the direction of farms, types of farms and livestock (birds). Veterinary facilities can serve multiple farms and serve a general purpose or one farm (farm).

1.5. Sites for the placement of farm veterinary facilities should be selected and allocated directly on the territory of the farms (factories), which include these facilities.

Veterinary facilities for general economic purposes should be located, as a rule, near one (largest) farm or on the central estate of a state farm (collective farm), taking into account the convenient service of all farms of the farm.

1.6. Veterinary facilities must be provided with water, electricity and have convenient access roads.

1.7. When designing veterinary facilities in state and collective farms, provision should be made for all the measures specified in clause 1.3 of these standards by the most expedient combination of general and farm veterinary facilities.

1.8. Veterinary breaks.

1.8.1. Gaps between veterinary and other facilities should be taken:

a) from general economic veterinary facilities (veterinary hospitals) to cattle, pig, sheep, horse breeding farms - at least 150 m, to poultry farms - at least 200 m, to fur and rabbit farms - 150 m; to residential and public buildings (when the veterinary clinic is located on the territory of the central estate) - 300 m; from the slaughter-sanitary point and the veterinary point in fur-breeding state farms to livestock and fur-breeding farms - in accordance with subparagraph 1.8.1 "c";

b) from veterinary facilities that are part of farms to other agricultural production complexes and individual facilities - equal to the zooveterinary gap between these farms and other agricultural production complexes and individual facilities in accordance with the technological design standards of the respective farms (factories);

c) from veterinary facilities of farms to livestock breeding (including fur and rabbit breeding) buildings and structures they serve, as well as to other ancillary production, warehouse and auxiliary buildings and structures - equal to fire breaks; to poultry buildings - at least 60 m;

d) from veterinary facilities to railways and to highways of national and republican significance of I and II categories - at least 300 m;

to highways of republican and regional significance of the III category and cattle passes - not less than 150 m;

to other local roads of IV and V categories (with the exception of the access road to the veterinary facility) - at least 50 m.

Gaps from veterinary facilities to highways of local economic importance of category V can be reduced in agreement with the chief veterinarian of the district.

1.8.2. The gaps between individual buildings and structures of veterinary facilities should be no less than fire-prevention gaps.

Notes to clause 1.8:

1. Insulators must be surrounded by a fence with a height of at least 2 m.

2. Buildings and structures of veterinary facilities may be blocked in accordance with the instructions of paragraph 3.3 of these standards.

2. Nomenclature of veterinary objects

2.1. The nomenclature and purpose of veterinary objects are shown in Table 1.

Notes to Table 1. 1. The area of ​​activity and the requirements for the placement of veterinary facilities, indicating the types and directions of farms, are given in clauses 2.2 and 2.3, and the methods of keeping sick animals and birds - in clause 2.4 of these standards.

2. For overexposure and carrying out diagnostic studies and veterinary and sanitary treatment of animals entering the farm, quarantine is used.

Quarantine as a production facility should be provided for fattening farms - pig and cattle, in which animals from different farms are concentrated for fattening. For other farms, quarantines are envisaged in the design assignment.

Quarantines can be general and farm. The size of the quarantines is determined depending on the capacity of the serviced farms, the schedule of arrival and the timing of keeping the animals.

Quarantines can be located on the same site with a livestock farm, but must be fenced with a solid fence and have a separate (independent) entrance.

3. Keeping animals in quarantine must comply with the systems of keeping of the quarantined farms. For cattle in quarantines, it is recommended to use, as a rule, tethered housing. Quarantines should be designed in accordance with the standards for technological design of livestock farms. The capital and operating costs of quarantines should be accounted for in design and estimate documentation for the construction and in the calculations of the economic efficiency of the farms they serve.

2.2. Veterinary facilities of general economic purpose include a veterinary clinic and a slaughterhouse, the area of ​​activity of which is a state farm or a collective farm with the service of all livestock farms, as well as livestock for individual use located on the territory of the farm.

In fur-breeding state farms (collective farms), which have several fur-breeding farms, a veterinary general-purpose facility intended for servicing these farms is a veterinary station.

2.3. All other veterinary facilities, with the exception of those specified in clause 2.2, are intended to serve only one farm (poultry farm) and are farm.

The list of veterinary facilities that should be provided in the composition different types farms are given in table 2.

Notes. 1. If a veterinary clinic is located at one of the farms in accordance with paragraph 1.5 of these standards, a veterinary station and an isolator may not be provided on this farm.

2. On distant pastures for sheep farms and cattle farms, a medical and sanitary point may be provided, regardless of the presence of a veterinary point on the farmsteads.

3. The composition of veterinary objects, depending on the type of farms, should be taken in accordance with the instructions of paragraph 3.1 of these standards (Table 3 and notes to it).

4. The slaughterhouse is located, as a rule, at the largest farm, taking into account the possibility of servicing other farms of the farm.

5. In specialized fur-breeding state farms, which have several fur-breeding farms, a general economic veterinary point should be provided.

6. On kumis farms with stables, veterinary passes should be provided.

7. Facilities for processing the skin of animals in the development of projects for the construction of specific farms are provided in cases stipulated by the design assignment.

2.4. Sick animals contain:

a) cattle - adults and young animals in stalls and stalls, calves up to 20 days of age - in cages;

b) adult and young horses - in stalls and stalls;

c) pigs and sheep - in pens and cages;

d) animals and rabbits - in individual cages installed in sheds.

Animals - cattle, horses, pigs, sheep, rabbits and animals suffering from non-communicable diseases, are kept in hospitals or in the main premises for keeping animals, where sanitary stalls, stalls, pens or cages are allocated from the total number provided in these premises; the place of keeping sick animals is determined depending on the presence or absence of a hospital on the farm, which is established by the design assignment in accordance with the instructions in clause 3.1 (Note 1 to Table 3). Sick animals or animals suspected of being ill with infectious diseases must be kept in isolation wards.

3. Nomenclature of buildings and structures, composition of premises and technological requirements for them

3.1. Nomenclature of main production buildings and approximate composition premises are given in table 3.

Notes. 1. Veterinary posts can be of two types - with a hospital and without a hospital; the hospital is provided in the cases stipulated by the design assignment. As part of veterinary stations designed for poultry and pig farms, instead of a reception arena, a diagnostic room should be provided.

2. As part of the slaughter and sanitary point, in accordance with the design assignment, premises (chambers) may be provided for the temporary storage of leather and other raw materials obtained during slaughter.

3. Slaughter and sanitary points in the area of ​​activity of veterinary and sanitary (utilization) plants should be provided without utilization departments.

As part of the medical and sanitary point, a slaughter and sanitary point is provided (if the farm does not have a general economic slaughter and sanitary point).

4. Household premises (dressing rooms, washrooms, showers, restrooms, etc.) should be provided in accordance with the chapter of SNiP II-M.3-68 “Auxiliary buildings and premises of industrial enterprises. Design Norms "in relation to a group of production processes that cause contamination of clothes and hands (process group 1b). On farms, which include a veterinary checkpoint, it is not necessary to design an independent (separate) block of household premises, provided for by the norms of technological design of livestock farms and poultry farms; in this case, all household premises of this block are located in the building of the veterinary sanitary inspection facility. The ratio of working men and women should be specified in the design assignment.

5. An entrance clearance must also be provided at the main entrance to a livestock or poultry building or to each isolated ward, such as at the entrance to a dispensary, a maternity ward and a calf barn, interlocked in the same building, etc.

6. As part of veterinary facilities serving horse farms, a forge should be provided in accordance with the "Standards for technological design of horse farms" (NTP-CX 9-67).

3.2. The nomenclature of buildings and structures for service purposes (ancillary, storage and auxiliary) for independent (general economic) veterinary facilities.

a) water supply, sewerage, electricity and heat supply facilities, including, if necessary, a boiler room;

b) internal driveways (with hard surface) with access to public roads;

c) fencing (for an insulator - a solid fence);

d) awnings with hitching posts.

a) warehouses for feed, bedding, veterinary and household equipment;

b) platforms (or sheds, garages, sheds) for means of mechanization and transport;

3.2.3. Auxiliary - household premises (dressing room, washroom, shower room, restrooms, etc.) in accordance with the chapter of SNiP II-M.3-68 “Auxiliary buildings and premises of industrial enterprises. Design Norms "in relation to the group of production processes 1b.

Note to paragraph 3.2. Buildings, structures and premises for serving purposes for veterinary facilities located as part of farms should be designed taking into account their possible combination (blocking) with buildings, structures and premises for serving purposes of these farms.

3.3. Technological communications and placement of buildings, structures and departments of the veterinary service as part of veterinary facilities and farms must meet the following requirements:

3.3.1. In order to increase the compactness of the building, reduce the length of all communications and the area of ​​building fences in all cases when this does not contradict the conditions of the technological process and safety measures, veterinary and sanitary and fire safety requirements and it is expedient for technical and economic reasons, it is necessary to provide for the expedient blocking of buildings, structures and departments of veterinary facilities. Buildings, structures and departments combined into one block, as a rule, should have separate entrances.

3.3.2. The structures and departments specified in clause 3.1 (column 2 of table 3), with the exception of facilities for processing the skin of animals and disinfectants at the entrances, may be blocked in one building of the veterinary facility, which they are part of.

3.3.3. The isolator can be interlocked with other veterinary facilities of the farm, provided that it is fenced off with a blank fence and an exit device to its own courtyard.

3.3.4. The veterinary station can be blocked with any production building of the farm, with the exception of the milking or dairy section.

3.3.5. Facilities for the treatment of the skin of animals (bathing bath or area for disinsection) should be located on the farm in a lowered place, convenient for removing the disinfectant solution and atmospheric water.

3.3.6. A veterinary and sanitary checkpoint must be placed at the entrance to the territory of farms and poultry farms.

3.3.7. An entry clearance barrier is placed at the entrance to the territory of all farms and poultry farms, as well as independent (general economic) veterinary facilities. It should be provided in all cases, regardless of the presence of a special installation for disinfection of vehicles.

3.3.8. For better insolation, the orientation of buildings of hospitals and insulators is recommended by the meridian (longitudinal axis from north to south); depending on local conditions (prevailing direction of winter winds, terrain, etc.), deviation from the recommended orientation is allowed: at points located north of latitude 50 ° - within up to 30 °, in more southern latitudes - up to 45 °. At points located south of latitude 50 °, depending on local conditions (hot, dry summers, wind direction, etc.), latitudinal orientation is also allowed (with the longitudinal axis from east to west) with permissible deviations from it within 45 °.

3.4. The technological connection of individual industrial premises and their placement in buildings is carried out taking into account the following basic requirements:

3.4.1. The placement of stalls, stalls, pens and cages for sick animals, as a rule, should include:

3.4.2. Slaughter and utilization departments (in the slaughter and sanitary point) must have separate entrances. In the adjacent wall between them, a hatch may be provided for the transfer of unusable parts of carcasses and offal for disposal. The disposal room is equipped with autoclaves or a corpse incineration furnace.

3.4.3. Depending on the processing technology of overalls, in accordance with the design assignment, several rooms (or chambers) may be provided in the veterinary inspection room for the implementation of the processes of disinfection, washing, drying, ironing and storage of overalls.

A room for disinfection of vehicles may not be provided on farms with an external cargo turnover of less than 20 tons per day (if necessary, a disinfection site is provided).

3.4.4. Pantries for disinfectants, when justified, can be in the form of a free-standing warehouse. Warehouses for disinfectants in veterinary hospitals can consist of several boxes (storage facilities).

3.5. When designing veterinary facilities, the following technological requirements for construction solutions of buildings and structures should be observed.

3.5.1. Buildings for keeping livestock (hospitals, isolators) should be economical, and in terms of their dimensions, meet the requirements of the technological process. The construction solutions of these buildings and their engineering equipment must ensure the maintenance of the parameters of the internal air and the illumination of the premises in accordance with the requirements of Sections 9 and 10 of these standards.

3.5.2. Floors in premises for keeping animals should be non-slip, low heat-conducting, waterproof, if possible, resistant to sewage and disinfectants.

The floors of the aisles in these rooms and the floors in all other production rooms (with the exception of basements) must rise above the level of the ground level by at least 15 cm.

The floors in all rooms where production liquids are systematically spilled on them or the floors are being washed should be made of waterproof materials with slopes towards trays, ladders or manure catchers.

3.5.3. In areas with a design outside air temperature below -20 °, as well as in areas with strong winter winds at the gates of hospitals and insulators, it is necessary to provide vestibules.

3.5.4. Windows in rooms for keeping sick animals in areas with an estimated outside air temperature below -20 °, as well as in areas with an air temperature of -20 ° and above, where the calculated temperature differences between the inside and outside air in the cold period are more than 30 °, it is recommended to do with double glazed, in other areas - single glazed.

Take the height from the floor level to the bottom of the windows:

a) in all rooms for keeping large sick animals at least 1.8 m;

b) in all other rooms, including the arena, 0.8 - 1 m.

Notes. 1. In the premises of the hospital and isolator for horses and cattle, the height from the floor to the bottom of the windows can be taken as 1.2 m, provided that glazed window openings are fenced in places free access animals to them - to a height of up to 2 m.

2. Window openings of hospitals and insulators should be closed by removable frames with frequent wire mesh when opening the sash sashes in the summer to prevent flies from flying.

3.5.5. The internal height of the room for keeping sick animals (in hospitals and isolation wards) should be:

for horses - not less than 2.7 m,

for other animals - at least 2.4 m from floor to ceiling or protruding elements of the covering (overlap).

3.5.6. The internal surfaces of fences (walls, partitions and ceilings) in the premises of hospitals and insulators should be smooth and painted in light colors with moisture resistant paints.

The walls of the premises of the slaughter and utilization departments, the arena-reception, washing-sterilization, as well as the premises for the processing of overalls must be lined or painted to a height of up to 2 m with moisture-resistant materials.

3.5.7. In the ceilings of hospitals and isolators above one of the stalls or stalls, hooks or rings should be provided for hanging large sick animals.

3.5.8. The animal bath is a trench with entrance and exit ramps at the ends, which are connected to areas and pens for animals. The bottom of the trenches should have a slope of 0.02 towards the entrance ramp, where a device is provided for releasing the solution from the bath. The entrance ramp should have a smooth surface with a slope of approximately 1: 1, and the exit ramp should have a surface with a slope of no more than 1: 4 with projections (strips) to prevent the animals from sliding back.

The paddock in front of the bathroom has an entrance area, which is a split in front of the entrance ramp. In the pen after the bath, at the exit ramp, there should be a squeezing platform, fenced on the sides, intended for overexposing the animals in order to collect and return the solution flowing from the animal hair back to the bath or sump.

The sites should have a hard surface (asphalt concrete, wooden flooring, etc.), and the exit also slopes and, if necessary, trays for draining the liquid back into the bath; to receive the flowing liquid, a sump can be arranged (from the side of the outlet ramp).

The area for pest control of animals must be hard-surfaced.

3.5.9. Disbarriers are a recess with a concrete bottom and walls. Removal barriers should have ramps.

4. Norms of areas and sizes of technological elements of premises and structures

4.1. The norms for the area of ​​production premises of veterinary facilities are shown in Table 4.

Notes. 1. Deviations from area norms are allowed within 10%.

2. The area of ​​the premises in which machines and technological equipment are located should be determined based on the rational layout of this equipment.

3. Household premises in the veterinary sanitary inspection room (dressing rooms, washrooms, showers, latrines, etc.) are designed in accordance with the chapter SNiP II-M.3-68 “Auxiliary buildings and premises of industrial enterprises. Design standards ".

4.2. Standards for areas and sizes of technological elements of premises and walks for keeping animals.

4.2.1. The sizes of stalls, stalls, pens and cages for keeping sick animals are shown in Table 5.

Notes. 1. The area of ​​stalls for large animals should be 12 square meters. m, and the area of ​​pens for pigs is 5 sq. m.

2. The area of ​​sanitary facilities and cages for group keeping of small animals is taken on the basis of:

for pigs - according to the norms, as well as for healthy animals,

for sheep - 1 - 1.5 sq. m.

3. The ratio of stalls and stalls in cases not specified in the design assignment should be taken at the rate: stalls 30%, stalls 70%.

4. Deviations from the specified norms of sizes and areas are allowed within 10%.

5. Doors for the evacuation and passage of large animals must be at least 1.2 m wide, and the height of the passages must be at least 1.8 m.

6. The dimensions of the passages (feed and manure, service, evacuation), slurry trays and feeders should be taken in accordance with the technological design standards of the respective farms. Feed and manure passages in hospitals and isolators are determined depending on the dimensions of the mechanisms for distributing feed and removing manure.

4.2.2. The number of places in hospitals or sanitary facilities (located in premises for keeping animals) is provided as a percentage of the total number of animals served by the hospital or placed in premises: a) for cattle, horses and pigs (except for suckling piglets) - 0.5 - 1%; b) for sheep - 0.5%; c) for animals and rabbits - 1% (from the main herd).

4.2.3. The capacity of insulators is determined as a percentage of the total livestock of serviced animals: a) for cattle, horses, sheep and pigs (excluding suckling pigs) - 0.5%; b) for animals and rabbits - 0.5 - 1% (from the main herd).

Note. The number of places in isolation wards on small farms can be increased, and on large farms it can be reduced due to the corresponding change of livestock places in hospitals or sanitary stalls, machines, etc .; the ratio of places in insulators and hospitals should not be more than 1: 5.

4.2.4. The partitions between stalls and boxes must be solid. The partitions in the stalls from the side of the corridor to a height of 1.4 m from the floor are solid, and above - with gaps of 0.05 m. The height of the partitions: a) in stalls for large animals - 2.2 m; b) in stalls - at the head - 2.2 m, at the croup - 1.4 m. Partitions in sanitary facilities (cages) for small animals should be provided with a continuous height of 1.2 m.

4.2.5. The norms for the area of ​​walking areas for sick animals are shown in table 6.

Note. The need for the arrangement of walking areas is determined by the design assignment.

5. Mechanization of production processes and technological equipment

5.1. To facilitate the work of veterinary specialists and increase the efficiency of veterinary measures, veterinary facilities should have:

a) auto-disinfection units DUK-2 and LSD-2 for disinfection and disinsection of premises and animals;

b) devices (splits, machines, etc.) for fixing animals during mass preventive treatments;

c) devices for loading and unloading animals.

5.2. In buildings and structures of veterinary facilities, it is recommended to provide for the mechanization of the main production processes - drinking (using individual drinking bowls), distributing feed (to individual feeders), feeding bedding and removing manure (using dump carts or hand carts), milking cows (using portable buckets) or flasks on trolleys), unloading and transporting containers in a disinfection unit, etc.

6. Rates of water consumption and requirements for water supply

6.1. The rates of water consumption per 1 head of sick animals are shown in Table 7.

Notes. 1. Water consumption rates include all water costs for sick animals: drinking, preparing feed, cleaning premises, etc.

2. Water consumption for nutria is not shown in the table, as they use pool water for drinking.

3. The norms indicated in the table are used to determine the water consumption for production needs in buildings, departments and premises of veterinary facilities.

The total water consumption of the farm (including the water consumption of its constituent veterinary facilities) is determined according to the technological design standards for the respective types of farms.

6.2. Estimated costs water with sanitary devices (sinks, sinks, laboratory taps, etc.), free heads at taps and diameters of pipelines supplying water are taken in accordance with chapter SNiP II-G.2-62 “Internal water supply of industrial and auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises. Design standards ". Water consumption by technological equipment (autoclaves, disinfectants, etc.), the required free heads and diameters of pipes supplying water to the equipment - according to the data of the technological part of the projects.

6.3. Veterinary facilities must be provided with drinking quality water that meets the requirements of the current standard. Take the hot water temperature at 65 ° С.

6.4. To supply water for production and economic needs, veterinary facilities must be equipped with a combined water supply system.

6.5. The production premises must be equipped with a water supply system in accordance with table 8.

6.6. When choosing water supply sources, one should be guided by the "Sanitary Standards for the Design of Industrial Enterprises" (SN 245-63) and current GOSTs.

7. Norms of manure output and requirements for sewerage

7.1. The norms for the output of manure and urine per sick animal are taken according to Table 9.

Note. The norms indicated in the table are applied when calculating manure collectors of hospitals and isolators. The total output of manure on the farm (including sick animals) is determined according to the technological design standards of the respective types of farms.

7.2. Veterinary facilities should be equipped with a sewerage system for wastewater disposal.

7.3. Wastewater from the isolators, as well as the slaughterhouse and disposal department, is collected independently sewer network and before releasing them into the general network (veterinary facility, farm, village, etc.) must be disinfected. Methods for disinfecting this wastewater are established in each individual case in agreement with the bodies and institutions of the sanitary and epidemiological service of the USSR Ministry of Health.

7.4. The manure from the isolator should be collected and stored (up to 1 month) in separate manure bunkers, which can be placed in the isolator's own courtyard. Disinfection, transportation and disposal of such manure are carried out in accordance with veterinary legislation.

7.5. The manege-reception, dissecting room, utilization room, as well as premises for slaughter, for disinfection of vehicles and containers, processing of overalls, medical procedures and keeping sick animals should be equipped with ladders.

7.6. The selection and approval of the conditions for the discharge of wastewater should be carried out in accordance with the procedure established by the Sanitary Norms for the Design of Industrial Enterprises (SN 245-63).

8. Standards for the release of heat, gases and water vapor by animals

8.1. The norms for the release of heat, carbon dioxide and water vapor should be adopted as for healthy animals in accordance with the technological design standards of the respective livestock farms.

8.2. The ratio of age groups of sick animals when determining heat, gas and moisture emissions should be taken in proportion to the ratio of age groups on farms.

9. Norms of parameters of internal air and requirements for heating and ventilation of industrial premises

9.1. The norms of temperature, humidity and air exchange of indoor air in the premises of veterinary facilities in the cold and transitional periods of the year (when the outside air temperature is below 10 °) are given in Table 10.

Notes. 1. The relative humidity of the air in the production premises specified in items 1 - 7 of the table should not be more than 80%.

2. The temperature of the internal air of industrial premises, with the exception of premises for keeping animals, during the warm period of the year (at an external air temperature of 10 ° and above) is allowed no more than 3 ° above the average outside temperature at 13:00 of the hottest month.

3. Parameters of internal air in inventory and fodder are not standardized.

9.2. The norms of the maximum permissible speed of air movement in industrial premises are given in table 11.

9.3. Internal air parameters specified in clauses 9.1 and 9.2 must be provided in the working area, i.e. in a space up to 2 m above the floor level of the premises in which the workplaces of personnel or sick livestock are located.

9.4. The production premises of veterinary facilities must be equipped with ventilation.

The need to equip them with heating and the performance of heating and ventilation systems are determined by calculation depending on the parameters of the indoor air of premises established by these standards, the amount of hazardous emissions, air exchange rates and design temperatures of the outside air, taking into account the thermal characteristics of the structures of these rooms. Heating and ventilation can be omitted to equip rooms with non-standardized temperature and humidity conditions - inventory, fodder, etc. Local suction should be provided depending on the adopted technological equipment (fume hoods, autoclaves, disinfection chambers, etc.).

10. Norms of natural and artificial lighting of industrial premises

10.1. The norms of natural lighting of the main production facilities in the buildings of veterinary facilities are shown in Table 12.

Note. A decrease in illumination against the standards given in this table is allowed up to 15%, an increase in illumination is not limited.

10.2. The norms for artificial lighting of the main premises in the buildings of veterinary facilities are shown in Table 13.

Note. Rooms marked with (*) require additional local lighting.

NTP-APK 1.10.14.001-01

MINISTRY AGRICULTURE
RUSSIAN FEDERATION

SUBMITTED BY FSUE "NIPIagroprom"

2. APPROVED STC of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia (minutes from 03.08.01 № 23 )

3. APPROVED AND INTRODUCED INTO ACTION by the Deputy Minister Agriculture Russian Federation N.K. Dolgushkin 28.08.01

Deputy Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation (letter from 08.05.01 No. 111-16 / 370-04)

1 area of ​​use. 2 3. General Provisions. 4 4. Nomenclature of points for primary processing of karakul. 5 5. Buildings and structures of points for primary processing of karakul. 6 6. Nomenclature of buildings and structures for service purposes. 7 7. Requirements for the planning of the territory, the location and interconnection of buildings and structures. 7 8. Technological requirements for construction solutions for the main production buildings. eight 9. Requirements for placement, technological communication and layout of individual rooms. nine 10. Norms of areas and sizes of the main technological elements. ten 11. Norms of parameters of internal air and requirements for ventilation of premises. eleven 12. Norms of water consumption and requirements for water supply and sewerage. eleven 13. Technological equipment, mechanization and automation of production processes. 12 14. Power supply and electrical devices. 13 15. Occupational health and safety. 13 16. Protection of the natural environment .. 14 Appendix A Data for calculating the areas of production and storage facilities points of primary processing of karakul. 15 Appendix B Methodology for calculating machine and working time at the points of primary processing of karakul. 15 Appendix B Data for calculating machine and working time of points of primary processing of karakul. 16 Appendix D Indicative list and technical specifications technological equipment. 17 Appendix E An indicative list of disinfectants. eighteen

SYSTEM REGULATORY DOCUMENTS IN AGRICULTURE
COMPLEX OF THE MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE
RUSSIAN FEDERATION

STANDARDS
TECHNOLOGICAL DESIGN
POINTS OF PRIMARY PROCESSING OF CARACUL

Date of introduction 2002-01-03

1 AREA OF USE

1.1. These norms apply to the design of newly organized and reconstruction of existing points for the primary processing of skins and other products of the slaughter of karakul lambs (hereinafter referred to as points of primary processing of karakul) of all forms of ownership.

1.2. Points of primary processing of karakul are intended for slaughter of karakul lambs, primary processing of skins, as well as processing of embryos and broadtail with disposal of slaughter products in order to obtain protein feed.

NPB 105-95 "Determination of categories of premises and buildings for explosion and fire hazard"

SP 11-107-98 “Procedure for the development and composition of the section“ Engineering and technical measures of civil defense. Emergency prevention measures "construction projects"

SNiP 2.04.02-84 * “Water supply. External networks and facilities "

SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.984-00 “Sanitary protection zones and sanitary classification of enterprises, structures and other facilities. Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules and Norms "

SNiP II-97-76 "General plans of agricultural enterprises"

VNTP 8-93 "Standards for the technological design of veterinary facilities for livestock, fur-breeding and poultry enterprises"

VSN 52-89 "Departmental building codes for the design of administrative, household buildings and premises for livestock and poultry enterprises "

SNiP 2.09.04-87 * "Administrative and domestic buildings"

SNiP 2.10.02-84 * "Buildings and premises for storage and processing of agricultural products"

GOST 23838-89 “Buildings of enterprises. Options"

SNiP 2.03.13-88 "Floors"

SNiP 31-04-2001 "Warehouse buildings"

"The list of polymeric materials and structures permitted for use in construction and technological equipment of livestock buildings" (approved by the Chief State Veterinary Inspector of the Russian Federation A.M. Avilov on February 26, 1996, No. 13-7-2 / 535)

SNiP 31-03-2001 "Industrial buildings"

GOST 12.1.005-88 "General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air of the working area"

SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 “Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises. Sanitary rules and regulations "

SNiP 2.04.05-91 * "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning"

SNiP 2.04.01-85 * "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings"

SanPiN 4630-88 "Sanitary rules and norms for the protection of surface waters from pollution"

SNiP 21-09-97 * "Fire safety of buildings and structures"

SanPiN 2.1.4.559-96 “Drinking water. Hygienic requirements for water quality centralized systems drinking water supply. Quality control"

GOST R 51232-98 “Drinking water. General requirements to the organization and methods of quality control "

Instruction "Carrying out veterinary disinfection of livestock facilities" (M. 1989)

"System of technologies and machines" (Approved by the joint order of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia and the Russian Agricultural Academy No. 73/15 of 03/27/97)

Electrical Installation Rules (PUE)

POT RM-016-2001

RD 153-34.0-3.150-60 Interindustry rules on labor protection (safety rules) during the operation of electrical installations

GOST 30331.1-95

GOST R 50571.1-93 “Electrical installations of buildings. Basic provisions "

SNiP 23-05-95 "Natural and artificial lighting"

VSN-1991 "Industry standards for lighting agricultural enterprises, buildings, structures"

SNiP 2.04.09-84 "Fire automation of buildings and structures"

The list of buildings, premises and enterprises to be equipped with automatic fire alarms and automatic fire extinguishing installations "(Approved by the State Commission of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for food and procurement on 07.06.1990)

NPB 110-99 “List of buildings, structures, premises and equipment; subject to protection by automatic fire extinguishing installations and automatic fire alarms "

No. 181-93 dated July 17, 1999 The federal law"On the basics of labor protection in the Russian Federation"

GOST 12.1.003-33 * “Noise. General safety requirements "

NTP 17-99 * "Standards for technological design of systems for the removal and preparation for use of manure and droppings"

3. GENERAL PROVISIONS

3.1. When designing points for the primary processing of karakul, in addition to these standards, the requirements of SNiP 11-01-95 and other norms and rules of construction design, fire safety rules PPB 01-93 *, NPB 201-96, veterinary and sanitary, environmental requirements and regulations should be observed other regulatory and methodological documents approved in accordance with the established procedure.

The design of measures for the protection of points in emergency situations and means of destruction is carried out in accordance with SP 11-107-98.

3.2. Projects for the construction and reconstruction of points for the primary processing of karakul should be developed on the basis of modern technological and engineering equipment and progressive building structures and materials. They must provide:

cost-effectiveness of construction and operation of the enterprise;

waste-free processing of raw materials and obtaining high quality products;

implementation of veterinary and sanitary and sanitary and hygienic measures and ensuring safe working conditions for workers;

guaranteed protection of the environment from industrial waste pollution;

a high level of mechanization and automation of production processes and engineering support systems.

3.3. The nomenclature and types of points for the primary processing of karakul should be taken taking into account the production focus and capacity of the serviced sheep breeding enterprises and ensuring the greatest efficiency capital investments.

3.4. The points of primary processing of karakul, serving several sheep-breeding enterprises, are of general economic importance and are located at a distance convenient for servicing farms.

3.5. Points intended for servicing one sheep-breeding enterprise are located on the territory (site) of this farm.

3.6. When placing a point for the primary processing of astrakhan fur on the site of a sheep-breeding enterprise, its territory should be separated by a fence and have an independent entrance equipped with a disinfection barrier.

At the same time, sanitary and utility and administrative premises are provided for common and are located at the entrance to the territory of the enterprise or its separate zones with the provision of sanitization of all personnel and visitors.

3.7. The points for the primary processing of astrakhan fur should be provided with heat, water, electricity and access roads and be within the established service radius of the fire station.

In case of non-compliance of this condition water supply for the fire extinguishing point is solved in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.02-84 *.

3.8. The site for the construction of a primary processing station for karakul during new construction is selected in accordance with SNiP 11-97-76. The site is selected on the land allocated by the local authorities, subject to the approval of the construction site with the local authorities of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological, Veterinary, Fire and Environmental Supervision.

3.9. The territory of the point should be fenced, landscaped by planning, arranging slopes and trays (ditches) for drainage and drainage of surface water and the use of appropriate coatings for driveways and production sites.

A green zone of trees should be created along the border of the site and, if possible, between individual buildings.

The site site should be located on the leeward side of the residential area at a standard distance from residential buildings.

3.10. The territory of the point should be separated from the nearest residential area by a sanitary protection zone. The size of the sanitary protection zone must be at least 300 m.

The size of the sanitary protection zone for a specific design is specified in accordance with SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.984-00.

3.11. Veterinary gaps between the point of primary processing of karakul and other production enterprises, buildings and structures should be taken in accordance with the requirements of the "Standards for the technological design of veterinary facilities for livestock, fur-breeding and poultry enterprises" VNTP 8-93, provided for slaughter points.

4. NOMENCLATURE OF POINTS FOR THE PRIMARY PROCESSING OF CARACUL

4.1. The karakul primary processing stations are designed with a finished or unfinished production process.

4.1.1. At points with a finished production process, the work ends with the receipt of dry karakul or broadtail skins.

4.1.2. At sites with an unfinished production process, the work ends with the preservation of the skins, which are then transferred for revision to sites with a finished production process or to factories for processing raw animal fur skins.

4.2. The nomenclature of points for primary processing of karakul with a completed production process is shown in Table 1.

Table 1

Item name	Performance
	per season, thous.	per shift, heads
Station for primary processing of karakul
Embryo primary processing stations
Notes (edit) 1. Items for primary processing of karakul can be of a different capacity in accordance with the design assignment, approved in the prescribed manner.

4.3. The stations for the primary processing of karakul with an unfinished production process are designed with a capacity of 5 to 10 thousand heads per season and are located mainly on the territory of a sheep breeding enterprise.

5. BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OF POTENTIAL PROCESSING STATIONS

5.1. The composition, purpose and dimensions of points for the primary processing of karakul with a finished production process are shown in Table 2.

table 2

Buildings, structures	Composition of premises	Area, m2
		5 thousand heads	10 thousand heads	20 thousand heads	40 thousand heads
Industrial building	* Slaughterhouse with degreasing station
	* Rennet department
	* Canning department
	* Salt warehouse	by calculation
	Department of artificial drying
	Cleaning and storage department
	* Utilization department	by calculation
	* Department (warehouse) of feed additives
	* Warehouse of meat and bone meal
	* Storage compartment for conditioned carcasses	by calculation
	* Department for preparation of disinfectants	by calculation
* Shed for receiving and storing lambs before slaughter		by calculation
Natural drying area for skins
* Site for the conservation of dead and dead lambs		by calculation
Notes (edit) 1. The numerical values ​​of the areas of the premises, given in the table, are specified for a specific design, depending on the adopted technology and equipment. 2. The rennet compartment should be separated from the slaughterhouse by a partition with a height of at least 1.5 m. 3. In the production building of points with an unfinished production process, premises marked with * are used. 4. When using mobile disinfection units, the department for preparation of disinfectants need not be provided.

5.2. The composition, purpose and dimensions of the premises of the embryo primary processing stations are shown in Table 3.

Table 3

Buildings, structures	Purpose and composition of premises	Premises area, m 2
		capacity 20 thousand heads	capacity 40 thousand heads
Industrial building	Department of washing and shooting of skins with a degreasing station (without a bleeding chamber)
	Canning department
	Salt warehouse	by calculation
	Department of artificial drying
	Postage department
	Sorting and storage department
	Utilization department	by calculation
	Department (warehouse) of feed additives	by calculation depending on the recipe
	Department of preparation of disinfectants	by calculation
Embryo reception shed
Natural drying area
Notes (edit) 1. The areas of the premises given in the table are specified for a specific design, depending on the adopted technology and equipment. 2. When using mobile disinfection units, the department for preparation of disinfectants need not be provided.

5.3. For processing of embryos can be used points of primary processing of karakul.

6. NOMENCLATURE OF BUILDINGS AND SERVICE FACILITIES

6.1. Ancillary production:

Disblock for vehicles (according to the design assignment);

disinfection barrier for vehicles;

area (shed) for placing preserving containers for dead and stillborn lambs;

paragraph Maintenance(according to the design assignment);

construction of water supply and sewerage, heat and steam supply, power supply;

internal driveways (paved) with access to public roads;

fencing of the territory of the point of primary processing of karakul.

6.2. Warehouse:

area (shed) for mechanization equipment;

site for production waste.

6.3. Auxiliary:

a) control rooms;

b) sanitary facilities.

NSnote- the size and number of premises specified in paragraphs a) and b) are established in accordance with the requirements of the "Departmental building codes on the design of administrative, household buildings and premises for livestock and poultry enterprises "VSN 52-89 and chapters SNiP 2.09.04-87 *, taking dressing rooms with drying cabinets, showers, washrooms, in relation to the group of production processes" 1 b ".

7. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE LAYOUT OF THE TERRITORY, LOCATION AND INTERCONNECTION OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES

7.1. When designing points for the primary processing of karakul, it is envisaged to provide for the expedient blocking of buildings and structures of the main production, ancillary and auxiliary purposes in order to increase the compactness of development, reduce the length of all communications and the area of ​​the fence of buildings and structures in accordance with chapters of SNiP II-97-76.

7.2. The relative position of buildings and structures is taken in accordance with the accepted technological process.

The site for the temporary storage of industrial waste is located lower in relief from the leeward side in relation to the buildings and structures of the main and auxiliary production.

7.3. Sanitary facilities and a disinfection unit for vehicles are located at the main entrance to the territory of the checkpoint.

7.4. The orientation of the buildings of the karakul primary processing station for better insolation, as a rule, should be meridional (longitudinal axis from north to south).

Depending on local conditions (the prevailing direction of winter winds, terrain relief, etc.), a deviation from the recommended orientation is allowed at points located north of latitude 50 ° within up to 30 °.

At points located south of latitude 50 °, depending on local conditions (hot dry summer, wind direction, etc.), latitudinal orientation (with the longitudinal axis from east to west) is allowed with a possible deviation of up to 45 °.

7.5. Semi-open buildings (sheds) in the southern regions are oriented with the open side to the south, southwest or southeast, depending on the direction of the prevailing winds.

7.6. The layout of the surface of production sites and driveways with a hard surface should ensure an organized drainage of surface water.

The configuration of sites and driveways and their fencing must ensure mechanized cleaning. The radius of curvature of the guardrails at the change of direction must match the turning radius of the harvesters.

7.7. All entrances to the territory of the primary processing of astrakhan fur must be equipped with disinfection barriers, and the entrances to the premises with disinfection mats.

7.8. The distances between the individual buildings of the point are taken to be equal to the fire-prevention distances, if there is no need to increase them due to technological and planning conditions (site relief, location of additional production facilities, etc.).

7.9. The territory of the checkpoint must be fenced off with a solid or mesh fence with a height of at least 2 m with a plinth buried in the ground by at least 0.2 m and have an independent entrance.

8. TECHNOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDING SOLUTIONS OF THE MAIN PRODUCTION BUILDINGS

8.1. Construction solutions of buildings for the primary processing of astrakhan fur and their engineering equipment must ensure the maintenance of the parameters of the internal air of the premises in accordance with the requirements of these standards and SNiP 2.10.02-84.

The dimensions of the main production building should be taken in accordance with GOST 23838-89. It is recommended to design the production building as a one-story building. The layout of the building must meet the requirements of the technological process, and the design solutions must be economical.

8.2. Building structures of walls, partitions, coatings and floors must be resistant to high humidity (for wet production), disinfectants, and finishing materials and anti-corrosion coatings must be harmless and hardly flammable.

8.3. The floors in the premises must have sufficient strength, resistance to drains and disinfectants, meet sanitary and hygienic requirements and provide the ability to mechanize production processes (transport operations) using wheeled vehicles.

The design of floors in buildings and premises should be carried out taking into account the provisions of SNiP 2.03.13-88.

8.4. Gates in buildings with a standardized temperature and humidity regime, erected with a design outside air temperature below -20 ° C, and also in areas with strong winter winds, are equipped with vestibules.

Tambours should have a width of 100 cm more than the width of the gate or doors and a depth of 50 cm more than the width of the panel. The width of the doors and gates is taken when the overall dimensions of the vehicles are exceeded by at least 40 cm.

8.5. In areas with differences in the design temperatures of indoor and outdoor air during the cold season of more than 25 ° C, the windows of industrial buildings must have double glazing.

8.6. The windows of the production building should be provided with protective grilles, as well as fly nets that do not prevent the opening and closing of transoms and window sashes.

8.7. The height of the premises of the station for the primary processing of astrakhan fur to the bottom of the protruding structures should be provided for at least 2.7 m, taking into account the dimensions of the installed technological equipment.

8.8. Under the shed for receiving and accumulating lambs, an asphalt or concrete pavement with a height of at least 0.15 m above the level of the planning mark of the ground is provided.

8.9. In the premises of the warehouses of meat and bone meal, feed additives and dry karakul skins, fire-prevention enclosing structures are provided.

When designing these premises, the requirements of SNiP 31-04-2001 should be taken into account.

8.10. Walls and floors in compartments requiring wet cleaning must be water resistant. The slope of floors to ladders should be 2% for concrete and 1.5% for ceramic tiles.

8.11. The use of polymeric materials for the construction of industrial buildings and structures of the point is carried out in strict accordance with the "List of polymeric materials and structures permitted for use in construction and technological equipment of livestock buildings."

9. REQUIREMENTS FOR ACCOMMODATION, TECHNOLOGICAL COMMUNICATIONS AND PLANNING OF SEPARATE ROOMS

9.1. Technological schemes of work of points of primary processing of karakul:

9.1.1. Slaughter of lambs: unloading from vehicles, accumulation, submission for slaughter, slaughter and exsanguination, cutting and processing of skins on carcasses, removal of skins, gutting of carcasses, separation of abomasum, feeding carcasses into a refrigerator or for disposal, temporary storage of conditioned carcasses, sale of carcasses ...

9.1.2. Handling of dead or stillborn lambs: unloading from vehicles, immersion in preservative solution, holding in solution.

Removing skins from carcasses - according to the usual scheme.

9.1.3. Processing of embryos: unloading from vehicles, receiving and washing, feeding to the conveyor, cutting and trimming the skins, removing the skins, submitting the carcasses for disposal.

9.1.4. Processing of skins: degreasing, canning, drying, cleaning, curing, sorting, temporary storage, packing and sending to the factory.

9.1.5. Abomasum processing: removal of the contents of the rennet (curd), inflation, drying, sorting, packaging in appropriate containers, temporary storage, sale.

9.1.6. Disposal of slaughter products: grinding carcasses and by-products and mixing minced meat with feed additives, granulating, drying, packing, warehousing, temporary storage, sale.

Note - In the absence of feed additives (compound feed, grass flour, etc.), the process of disposal of slaughter products is carried out according to the scheme: grinding carcasses and by-products, drying minced meat, grinding the dried mass to flour, then according to the above scheme.

9.2. According to the technological process, the shed for the reception and accumulation of lambs and the separation: rennet, utilization and canning, must adjoin the slaughterhouse.

9.3. In the wall of the slaughterhouse, a special opening should be provided for feeding lambs from the otzark conveyor to the slaughter line.

9.4. The canning department should be connected with the slaughterhouse and artificial drying departments, as well as have access to the natural drying area for skins.

9.5. At the points of primary processing of karakul, located at a distance of less than 50 km from veterinary and sanitary (utilization) factories and meat processing plants, a utilization department may not be provided.

9.6. Natural drying of karakul skins is carried out on sites with a dense sandy coating, as well as on frames with an anti-corrosion coating.

9.7. For the preservation of carcasses of dead and stillborn lambs, special containers with a total capacity should be provided at the point: 500 liters for points with a capacity of 40 thousand heads per season; 250 liters for points with a capacity of 20 thousand heads per season; 125 liters for points with a capacity of 10 thousand heads per season and less, as well as a pantry for disinfectants. The capacity of containers is specified for a specific design.

9.8. At mechanized points, the supply of salt from the warehouse to the post of preservation (salting) of skins should be carried out by a dosing conveyor.

9.9. It is necessary to store conditioned carcasses in refrigeration chambers. In the absence of a disposal compartment, carcasses intended for disposal should be stored in a separate refrigerator.

9.10. At the points of primary processing of karakul, both artificial and natural drying of skins can be provided (specified by the design assignment).

10. REGULATIONS FOR AREA AND DIMENSIONS OF MAIN TECHNOLOGICAL ELEMENTS

10.1. The norms of areas and the purpose of individual premises of the main industrial buildings are given in tables 2 and 3.

10.2. The size of the lambs' stocking shed is determined by the number of stocks being stocked. The area norm per head is 0.3 m 2.

10.3. Data for calculating the areas of production and storage facilities for the points of primary processing of karakul are given in Appendix A.

10.4. All industrial buildings are provided with at least two dispersed emergency exits. The dimensions of gates and passages are taken taking into account the dimensions of machines and equipment, but not less than 1.2 m.

Gates and doors leading to emergency exits should be easy to open towards the exit from the building and should not have thresholds. The number of exits, the minimum width and height of doors (gates) and passages on the evacuation routes must take into account the requirements of the chapters of SNiP 31-03-2001.

11. STANDARDS FOR INTERNAL AIR PARAMETERS AND REQUIREMENTS FOR VENTILATION OF ROOMS

11.1. Air parameters in sanitary facilities for service personnel are taken in accordance with VSN 52-89, taking into account the requirements of SNiP 2.09.04-87 *.

11.2. In industrial premises, the parameters of the internal air are taken in accordance with SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 and GOST 12.1.005-88.

11.3. In industrial premises, air exchange should be determined by calculation based on the condition of removing excess moisture. The air removed from the room is allowed, not to be compensated by an organized inflow. The heat required to heat the air supplied from the outside is then compensated by the heating system.

11.4. Mechanical exhaust ventilation of intermittent action should be designed in the slaughter, rennet, utilization departments in the amount of 8 times of air exchange per hour, in the canning department of 5 times of air exchange per hour; in the departments of cleaning, storage, sorting and storage in the amount of one air exchange per hour.

11.5. Local suction in production facilities should be provided depending on the accepted technological equipment for the technological part of the project.

11.6. Specific moisture release during drying of karakul skins is: 180 - 250 ml per one skin, heat capacity 3.35 kJ / kg? ° C for steam rooms and 2.77 kJ / kg? ° C for canned food.

The specific heat release per 100 kg of treated lambs is 6285 kJ / h.

11.7. The design of the heating and ventilation system is carried out taking into account the provisions of SNiP 2.04.05-91 *.

The use of electricity for heating purposes is allowed.

12. STANDARDS FOR WATER CONSUMPTION AND REQUIREMENTS FOR WATER PIPELINE AND SEWERAGE

12.1. To supply water for industrial and household needs and to drain waste water, the enterprise is equipped with an internal water supply and sewerage system.

12.2. Points of primary processing of karakul are provided with drinking water that meets the requirements of the current standard GOST R 51232-98.

Selection of water supply sources in accordance with SanPiN 2.1.4.559-96.

12.3. Changeable water consumption at the points of primary processing of astrakhan fur should be provided for: for technological needs - 0.627 m 3 per 1 thousand heads (including hot water supply 0.08 m 3), for wet cleaning of premises 6 liters (including 0.2 l hot) per 1 m 2 of floor area and 3 l (including 0.2 hot) per 1 m 2 of the area of ​​panels and equipment.

The coefficient of hourly unevenness is taken equal to 2.5. Take the temperature of hot water 55 - 65 ° С.

Changeable consumption of disinfectant solution - 0.5 l per 1 m2 of floor area, panels and equipment, taking into account the type and effectiveness of the disinfectant in accordance with the instructions "Carrying out veterinary disinfection of livestock facilities."

An approximate list of disinfectants is given in Appendix D.

Water consumption for internal fire extinguishing in accordance with SNiP 2.04.01-85 *, for external - in accordance with SNiP 2.04.02-84 *.

12.4. If it is impossible to provide the enterprise with drinking-quality water, it is allowed for technological needs not related to the processing of food products, as well as for washing equipment, panels and floors, in agreement with the authorities of the state sanitary-epidemiological service, use water of non-drinking quality.

12.5. At the points of primary processing of karakul, separate sewage systems should be provided: household and industrial. Discharge of industrial wastewater should be carried out, as a rule, through a closed network.

In the canning department, it is allowed to arrange sewer trays. At the end of the tray, a ladder should be installed that is part of the general closed network.

12.6. Waste water from the slaughterhouse, canning and disposal department should be discharged into the sewer network of the point through a grease collector.

12.7. Wastewater from the stations is characterized by the following indicators for BOD 20 (mg / l):

industrial effluents - 850,

household - 400.

12.8. Wastewater discharge must meet the requirements of SanPiN 4630-88.

12.9. The design of water supply and sewerage systems is carried out in accordance with SNiP 2.10.02-84 and SNiP 2.04.01-85 *, and these standards.

12.10. At the points of primary processing of karakul in the slaughter, canning and disposal departments, sinks (washbasins with a sterilizer of the tool) and watering taps with cold and hot water supply should be provided.

13. TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT, MECHANIZATION AND AUTOMATION OF PRODUCTION PROCESSES

13.1. The technological equipment of the points for the primary processing of karakul is chosen depending on the adopted technology, taking into account its rational use in accordance with the "System of technology and machines".

13.2. When designing the mechanization of production processes, one should be guided by the instructions for installation and operation attached to the technological equipment by the manufacturers.

13.3. For the mechanization of intrashop transport operations, small mechanization means (hand carts), overhead lifting cranes, electric stackers, etc. can be used.

An approximate list of the main technological equipment is given in Appendix D.

13.4. The level of mechanized labor of workers is determined by the formula (1):

(1)

where: U m - the level of mechanized labor of workers;

N m - labor intensity of mechanized processes, in man-h;

N is the total labor intensity, in man-hours.

13.5. Data for calculating the machine and working time of the points of primary processing of karakul are given in Appendix B.

13.6. The level of mechanization and automation of the main production processes in the design of new enterprises should not be lower than that given in Table 4.

Table 4

14. ELECTRICAL SUPPLY AND ELECTRICAL DEVICES

14.1. The electrical part of the projects for the primary processing of astrakhan fur, including automation and low-current devices, is developed in accordance with GOST R 50571.1-93 and GOST 30331.1-95, taking into account the provisions of the "Rules for Electrical Installations" (PUE), POT RM-016-2001, RD 153-34.0-03.150-00. "Interindustry rules on labor protection (safety rules) during the operation of electrical installations."

14.2. The illumination of buildings and premises of the points of primary processing of karakul should be designed taking into account the "Industry standards for lighting agricultural enterprises, buildings and structures" and SNiP 23-05-95.

14.3. The category of electrical receivers and ensuring the reliability of power supply to buildings and structures of the point are adopted taking into account the requirements of the "Methodological instructions for ensuring the design of regulatory conditions for the reliability of power supply to agricultural enterprises."

14.4. Automatic fire alarms and automatic fire extinguishing installations are provided in accordance with NPB 110-99.

14.5. The design of an automatic fire alarm is carried out taking into account the provisions of SNiP 2.04.09-84.

15. LABOR PROTECTION AND SAFETY

15.1. Buildings and premises of the primary processing of astrakhan fur should be equipped with automatic security and fire alarms in accordance with the "List of buildings, premises and enterprises to be equipped with automatic fire alarms and automatic fire extinguishing installations (approved by the State Commission of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for food and procurement on 07.06. ) taking into account the provisions of NPB 110-99.

15.2. Occupational safety and health at the points of primary processing of karakul is developed on the basis of the Federal Law "On the Fundamentals of Occupational Safety in the Russian Federation" dated July 17, 1999 No. 181-93 and the current rules, norms and instructions.

It is recommended to carry out laboratory and production control over the working conditions of workers at the expense of the relevant organizations (laboratories) accredited in the established manner.

15.3. When calculating noise conditions and designing noise protection to ensure permissible sound pressure levels, it is necessary to be guided by GOST 12.1.003-83 *.

15.4. When designing the mechanization of production processes at the point of primary processing of karakul, the following main safety measures are provided:

all moving parts of stationary machines and units in places where people can access them must have fences (metal or mesh casings, wooden boxes, etc.);

metal parts of machinery, equipment and electrical installations, which may be energized due to insulation damage, are reliably grounded;

stationary machines and units are firmly installed on the foundations in accordance with the passport data.

15.5. All employees of the station for the primary processing of karakul are required to undergo an annual medical examination and be vaccinated against brucellosis, tuberculosis, tularemia and intestinal infections. Employees of veterinary supervision are obliged to familiarize all workers with the rules for protecting health from infection with diseases common to animals and humans.

15.6. Work without overalls at the points of primary processing of karakul is prohibited. Special footwear and protective clothing after work must be disinfected in a steam-formalin chamber, and the working tool must be sterilized.

15.7. The industrial premises of the primary processing of astrakhan fur: slaughter, rennet, utilization after work must be thoroughly disinfected with a solution of bleach.

15.8. Delivery of lambs to the point of primary processing of karakul is carried out by specially equipped vehicles.

Dead and stillborn lambs are transported separately from live lambs in closed containers (containers).

15.9. When designing, the fire safety of the primary processing of astrakhan fur is solved taking into account the requirements of SNiP 21-01-97 *.

16. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

16.1. The development of the section "Environmental protection" in the projects of the primary processing of astrakhan fur is carried out in accordance with the "Manual to SNiP 11-01-95 on the development of the section of the project documentation" Environmental protection "and these standards.

16.2. The placement of points for the primary processing of astrakhan fur is not allowed on the territory of former cattle burial grounds, cemeteries, industrial waste disposal areas (dumps), etc.

16.3. The territory of the point of primary processing of karakul should be removed from open water sources (river, lake) at a distance of at least 500 m.

The specified distance is specified in a specific design, depending on the category of the water source, its location, soil characteristics, the nature of the relief and other factors determined when choosing a construction site, and in each case must be agreed with the authorities of the state sanitary, veterinary service and environmental supervision.

16.4. To collect garbage and other industrial waste on the territory of the point, a special site with a hard surface, equipped with self-unloading moisture-proof containers, should be provided.

16.5. Landscaping should be provided on areas free from building, as well as around the perimeter of the point. For plantings, it is advisable to select local species plants and shrubs that are resistant to industrial emissions, taking into account their sanitary-protective and decorative properties.

16.6. For hazardous substances contained in ventilation emissions, dispersion in the atmospheric air should be provided, justified by calculations so that the concentration of these substances does not exceed the maximum one-time in the atmospheric air of populated areas, and in their absence, the average daily maximum permissible concentration.

In the air entering industrial and auxiliary buildings and premises through the intake openings of the ventilation system with natural impulse, no more than 30% of the maximum permissible concentration of harmful substances in the working area is allowed.

16.7. In the absence of the possibility of centralized processing of household and industrial wastewater, the point should provide for local treatment facilities of low power.

The location of such structures should be provided on the leeward side in relation to production and auxiliary premises and residential buildings in compliance with the standard sizes of sanitary protection zones.

It is allowed, according to the design assignment, approved in accordance with the established procedure, to collect industrial and household wastewater of the point with a capacity of up to 5 thousand heads per season in separate sewage storage watertight containers. The drains should be decontaminated before emptying them. Subsequent transportation and disposal of effluents is carried out in places agreed with the bodies of state veterinary, sanitary and environmental supervision.

In this case, the volume of storage tanks is calculated to receive the entire volume of wastewater during the period of operation of the point.

The placement of such containers should be provided on the leeward side in relation to the main and auxiliary-auxiliary industrial buildings at a distance according to NTP 17-99 *, reissued in 2001, for liquid manure.

16.8. Organization of laboratory control over the chemical and bacteriological state of wastewater is carried out in accordance with the "Instruction for laboratory control of treatment facilities at livestock complexes."

APPENDIX A

Data for calculating the areas of production and storage facilities of the points of primary processing of karakul

1. When calculating the area of ​​cleaning and storage compartments, as well as sorting and storage, the following are accepted:

double stack height from 1.2 to 1.3 m in the cleaning and storage compartment;

up to 2 m in the sorting and storage section.

The average number of skins in a double stack at a height of 1.3 m is about 300 pieces, and at a height of 2 m - 600 pieces.

The width of the aisles between the stacks is 0.5 m, the main one - 0.8 m (these dimensions of the aisles are specified depending on the vehicles used).

2. When calculating the area of ​​the premises of warehouses for salt, feed additives and ready-made feeds, they are taken from the calculation of reserves for the entire period of operation of the point.

3. The volume of refrigerating chambers is set on the basis of the daily intake of conditioned carcasses, and in the absence of a utilization department and carcasses intended for utilization.

Note: maximum term storage of carcasses to be disposed of should not exceed 3 days.

APPENDIX B

Methodology for calculating machine and working time at the points of primary processing of karakul

1. The operating mode of the point is one-shift with a 40-hour work week.

2. When determining the operating mode, as well as the costs of machine and working time, it is recommended to be guided by the "Methodology for calculating the annual working time" of the Ministry of Labor of Russia.

When determining:

a) calendar days in a year and the number of days of work of the item - according to the methodology (Appendix 2);

b) calendar fund of time in hours (KGFV) - according to the method;

c) working days of personnel per season (RDS) - according to the methodology;

d) the seasonal fund of working time in hours (SFF) - according to the methodology;

e) the use of equipment in mechanization lines - depending on the mode, technological processes (slaughter, conservation, cleaning, drying, sorting, etc.);

f) the duration of the work shift - 8 hours.

3. The costs of machine time (hours) for each mechanism (V m - per season or V ms - day) are determined by the formula (1)

V m = K: P (1)

V ms = K s: P

where: K - the number of processed lambs, skins per season (pcs.);

K s - the same per day (pcs.);

P - hourly productivity of machines (pcs.).

4. The number of machines of the same type (N) is determined in cases where the costs of machine time (In ms) are more than the established duration of the operation of one mechanism during the day (P) according to the formula (2):

H = V ms: P (2)

5. The costs of working time (hours) for mechanized processes (V p - in the season or V p - days) are determined by the formulas (3):

B p = B m? K 1? K 2

V rs = V ms? K 1? K 2 (3)

K 1 is a coefficient that takes into account the auxiliary time, the time of servicing the workplace and the preparatory and final time, conventionally assumed to be 1.2;

K 2 - the number of persons servicing the machines, determined taking into account the maximum combination of their work in the mechanization line.

6. The total cost of working time for all mechanized processes at the point is determined as the sum of the time spent on individual mechanized processes.

7. The number of workers serving the machines is determined based on the total cost of working time and the duration of one shift.

8. Total number working at the point (the staff of the point) consists of the number of main workers, including those employed in mechanized processes, as well as of auxiliary workers and administrative and technical personnel and is determined based on the approximate load norms given in Appendix B (Table B.2) to these standards.

9. The total labor costs per unit of production (W t, hour / per unit of production) are determined by the formula (4):

(4)

where: W - the total average number of employees at the point during the season;

K - gross output of products at the point, per season (thousand pieces);

SFRV - seasonal fund of working time in hours.

APPENDIX B

(informational)

Data for calculating machine and working time of points of primary processing of karakul

B.1 - Duration of the main technological processes

The number of full work shifts for personnel is 25 per season of karakul processing.

B.2- The rate of output per worker per shift

B.3- The number of production workers at the site

Table B.1 - Duration of the main technological processes

Technological process	Duration, days	By-product yield rates. Consumption of auxiliary raw materials
Preservation of carcasses of dead lambs		Consumption of preservative solution 350 g per 1 carcass
Preservation of skins		Salt consumption is 500 g per skin
Artificial drying of skins
Natural drying of skins
Sleeping skins
Storage of meat and bone meal (feed)	All season
Carcass storage
Recycling	as it arrives	Consumption of additives (feed, hay flour) depending on the recipe The yield of meat and bone meal is 25% of the carcass weight (average carcass weight 3 - 4 kg)
Notes (edit) 1. The number of dead and stillborn lambs entering for processing, take 40% of the total processed livestock. 2. Receipt of conditioned carcasses take 45 - 50% of the total number of slaughtered lambs. 3. The estimated duration of the station, taking into account the processing period of broadtail is 120 days. Processing of karakul embryos lasts 20 - 30 days (February - March), processing of karakul - 90 - 100 days (March - May).

Table B.2 - Rate of output per worker per shift

Technological process	The capacity of the station is 5 thousand heads	Station capacity 10, 20, 40 thousand heads
Slaughter of lambs and eat skins, head.
Degreasing of skins, pcs.
Drying of skins, pcs.
Canning of skins, pcs.
Cleaning of skins, pcs.
Sorting skins, pcs.
Abomasum processing, pcs.

Table B.3 - Number of production workers at the site

Technological process	Number of workers at a point with a capacity of thousand heads per season, people
Slaughtering lambs and eating skins
Degreasing skins
Canning skins
Abomasum processing
Note - In addition to production workers, the point is occupied by: head of the point (commodity expert) - 1 mechanic - 1 watchman - 3

APPENDIX D

(informational)

D.1 - Approximate list and technical characteristics of technological equipment

Table D.1 - An indicative list and technical characteristics of technological equipment

Equipment name, brand, type	Brief technical characteristics	Number of attendants, people
Set for slaughtering lambs and skinning	Productivity goals / h - 90 Installed capacity, kW - 4.1 Dimensions (mm): 10000? 7000? 2030
Semiautomatic machine for degreasing karakul skins SOSH-120	Productivity, skins / h - 90 Dimensions, mm 1200 × 1050 × 1000 Mechanization level - 87%
Equipment for salting of karakul skins	Productivity, skins / h - 70 - 100 Dimensions, mm: transporter: 4340? 1060? 2200 container: 1207? 963? 1360
Machine for cleaning karakul skins (after salting) SChS-2A	Productivity, skins / h - 75 installed power, kW - 1.28 dust content in the breathing zone of the operator, mg / m 3 - 6.9 Dimensions, mm 1535? 1000? 1040
Installation for drying karakul skins	Productivity, skins / h - 62 Drying time, h - 2.3 - 2.5 Dimensions, mm 13100? 3750? 8400
Semi-automatic machine for cleaning karakul skins (dry-salted) SOK-200	Productivity, skins / h - 230 installed capacity, kW - 5.1 Mechanization level - 85% Dimensions, mm 1450? 800? 900
Equipment for primary processing of karakul lamb rennet	Productivity, pcs / h - 100 - 120
Equipment for the primary processing of by-products of the slaughter of karakul lambs	Productivity, t / h - 0.15 - 0.20 Grinder dimensions, mm 800? 550? 1070 drying plant: 5000? 800? 2100
Vacuum boiler Zh4-FPA	Productivity, t - 0.4 installed power, kW - 3.0 Dimensions, mm 4986? 1538? 3440
Combined washbasin B2-FSU with instrument sterilizer	Sterilizing chamber volume, dm 3 - 8.5 Water consumption, m 3 / h - 0.04 Power consumption kW? h - 2 Dimensions, mm 765? 567? 1090

APPENDIX E

(informational)

E.1 - Indicative list of disinfectants

Table E.1 - Indicative list of disinfectants

Disorder name	Concentration,%	Solution temperature, ° С
Caustic soda solution
Soda ash solution

The success of the veterinary service, the organization of preventive measures and control of diseases, the expansion of its influence on the growth of the culture of public livestock breeding, its productivity largely depends on the correct design, construction and operation of veterinary, production and veterinary-sanitary facilities. In accordance with the requirements of the USSR Ministry of Agriculture, the Standards for the technological design of veterinary facilities (NTP-SH.8-67) have been developed. These standards apply to the design of facilities for newly built and reconstructed livestock farms in collective farms, state farms, poultry farms and other agricultural enterprises.

Veterinary institutions and facilities designed on farms are envisaged depending on the direction of their specialization, size, and are appointed for the implementation of treatment-and-prophylactic, veterinary-sanitary and diagnostic studies.

Veterinarian gaps between general economic veterinary facilities (veterinary clinic) and all livestock farms provide for at least 150 m, poultry farms - at least 200 m, fur and rabbit breeding - 1500 m. be 300 m.

Gaps between veterinary facilities, railways, roads of national and republican significance of I and II categories - not less than 300 m, automobile republican and regional significance of III category and cattle passes - not less than 150 m, other local roads of IV and V categories - not less than 50 m.

Veterinary facilities are distinguished between local (intra-farm) and general economic purposes. Veterinary institutions can serve several farms, animal husbandry of an entire district (district), as well as a number of districts (inter-district), the entire region (regional and republican). In accordance with the Technological Design Standards, the following objects are included in the nomenclature of veterinary facilities for intra-farm and general economic purposes: a) veterinary facilities - a veterinary clinic, a veterinary center, a medical and sanitary center for farms with sloping livestock, a veterinary laboratory for poultry farms and poultry farms, an isolator; b) production, veterinary and sanitary facilities - slaughter and sanitary point, veterinary and sanitary checkpoint, facilities for processing the skin of animals (baths and platforms). Production facilities also include quarantine.

In the design and construction of livestock farms with different specialization and their sizes for certain species of animals, the following main veterinary facilities should be provided: a veterinary station, an isolator, a veterinary sanitary facility and facilities for treating the skin of animals. The veterinary laboratory is designed only at poultry farms, poultry reproducers and breeding poultry competitive testing stations.

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STATE AGRICULTURAL COMMITTEE OF THE USSR

GENERAL STANDARDS

TECHNOLOGICAL DESIGN OF SHEEP FACTORY

ONTP 5-85 Gosagroprom of the USSR

FRUNZE 1980

All-Union norms of tskhnblogichsky * designs of sheep-breeding enterprises ONTP "5-85 were developed by the * Central Scientific Research and Percentage Institute of Standard 41 Experimental Design of Sheep and Horse Breeding Complexes, Buildings and Structures (TsNIIEG1-opceprom) with the participation of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Sheep and Goat Breeding ( Bill 1IOC), Kazakh: Scientific Research Technological Institute of Sheep Breeding (KazNITPO), 51roslavsky Scientific Research Institute of Livestock and Forage Production (YANINZhK) "Kazakh Iauchio-Research Institute of Karakul Breeding (KazNII Karakul Breeding), All-Union * Scientific Research Institute of Electrification of Agriculture VIESH), All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Veterinary Research and Development (VIIIVS), All-Union Institute of Experimental Nsteriparpp (VIEV), Ukrainian Research Institute of Animal Husbandry of the Steppe Regions (UkrIIIIZh “Lskapnya- Iova "), the Siberian Scientific Research and Design Technological Institute of Livestock Breeding (SNBNIPTPZh), the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Karakul Breeding (VIPI-Karakul Breeding), the Scientific and Production Association" Kazselkhozmskhannizaciya "(NPO<Кэзссльхозмсхан11згц11и»), Всесоюзного объединения каракулеводства (Союзкаракуль.-и|юм>), The Main Department of Karakul Breeding ("Kazglapkpra-kul").

The norms have been agreed with the USSR Ministry of Health. 41 GUNO of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs.

With the enactment of these standards, the "All-Union norms of technological design of - sheep breeding enterprises OITP 5- $ 0> and -" Norms of ts \ iolo | ichs design of points for primary processing of skins and other products of slaughter of Karakul lambs NTP-SH. 15-72 >.

Editors: I. S. Vystrntskny. I. V. Kursakopa (Gosagro-irom of the USSR), U. U. Dsymbekon, V. I. Vlagoy, V. L. Dokukin (TsSh SHEPontsirom). "* l *

Kiblfrn S-bo "-OV

State "Agroindustry - USSR

Instead * ONTI 5-80. to NTP-CX. 15-72

J. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.L These standards apply to the design of newly organized "and recoverable sheep breeding.-enterprises (complexes, farms, sites and facilities; -: p.)> - as well as individual buildings and structures: .- .."

1.2. When designing sheep-breeding facilities, niii, buildings and structures, in addition to these standards, one should: take into account the Norms of technological design, wind and reception of objects, Industry standards of illumination - echkOhkOhkOzhennyh enterprises, buildings and structures, Norm.mi construction? th design and other regulatory materials.

1.3. Nomenclature and types of sheep breeding enterprises ^

buildings and structures, the sheep keeping system should be adopted taking into account the direction and specialization of farms, the climatic conditions of the construction areas and ensuring the highest efficiency of capital investments; - 1

The projects must provide for -progressive technology, keeping, animals and processing of sheep products, providing the greatest -economic efficiency production of products. In order to reduce labor costs for production, it is necessary to envisage a comprehensive mechanization of production processes.

1.4. Sheep-breeding enterprises; buildings and structures must be provided with fodder, water, electricity, access roads and separated "from the nearest residential area by a sapitarib-protection zone (gap) - The size of the sleigh; the packaging-protection zone is determined by the current" sanitary standards for the design of industrial "enterprises

G os yes rstnenpmy "i- *": "/ *

agroindustrial.gy Obimimauch nor.

* -T ^ CHLOGMCHSSKOGO

Committee of the USSR "'(Gosagroir of the USSR)

V design of g / sheep breeding enterprises

"Introduced by the capital construction and reconstruction of the USSR Gosagroprom

Term entered

n p and e m m / G oc.ci rri of the USSR and..M and 2? ! z a i mjrn n * n so i> v l l i ^ large; (wow to god "(e

NIH II ctn'cem ^ odche "ekpl PRODP" .CH "YATNN (coyP! DSYs<)В)>. : .. "

1.5.-. Veterinarian, breaks ms; > U; iy. “For service and other enterprises, buildings and structures it’s at’ edC: us d table 1.

T a G> l «c n 1

Iaimenoalpne 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

* ’. "*.. f-sh BWejyniapKLitf uprailsnVd)! T &; *.

■ ^ r R ° P |> (5 ^ G; (: |) SSKUG ".1 -"; KCH. "- JC! IMCiO !! AV" V sG.-true .;: / ^ SLCSKI; "" V . '..

>. >. ** 4 * Zooveiterdn * ^^ | fmnz $: c ^ ь npJwwiij 1 ’

lijoRo type -no "prolzlod ^ tvu $ c *; yul<ь.iia 120(Р#;бЬдсе кгров, ;jo s;pon>* no ^ cTiiy goiCdtsy l n bf a ifiji nal »y. ■ p c-m and vn j \ .1 x tsdbk on 3 'yew. and Solsa CKofoMccT * and 'pig breeding: complexes for 2! . thousand. and * more ‘.heads’ should take at least L000 m. \ * ‘

1.6. Sanitary gaps between sheep-breeding. Enterprises, buildings and structures and enterprises for processing and storage of products, not related to the "projected sheep-breeding enterprise, .. n pi I ved with n s in Table 2.-. *. "*

Tables, g. 2

Minimum distance: m

Name

; / ^ GODSOS1PLS. ^ M ^ TKI S YG) D ^ TPMP LL OTBMYK1G ;.

c) \ YAGPITA dET \? And p H; НСКуССТУCH110m Yy- * ’* growing - from weaning from queens - at the age of 2-3 days to 4 months; *. ‘

D) repair fodder - rams and rams after ot-, bnvkm, and with artificial cultivation ~~ older than 4 months; ... ... ... * *... G.

e) fattening livestock:. *

/. sier.khremoitpy young growth from beating to delivery for meat;

... / ■ culled adult burial; ... .-

f): "walukhi. * *’ .. ’■’ “*. G *

2.2. In sheep breeding, the following are accepted. * 6cnoit * m "!. C cYic-

2.2.1. The year-round stall keeping system is used in areas of intensive farming with well-developed field fodder production in the absence of pastures. With this system, sheep are kept and fed indoors and on feeding grounds in winter, and only on walking and feeding grounds in summer.

2.2.2. -The stock-pasture system of keeping is used in areas with well-developed field forage production in the absence of winter pastures and is characterized by predominance. the duration of the stall period. Under this system, sheep are kept in winter in sheepfolds with forage areas, and in a lot on pastures.

2.2: 3. The pasture-stall keeping system is used in all zones where there are winter pastures, the required amount of feed is prepared for feeding the queens and the period of lambing and feeding of the sheep in the winter and rainsvesseshy periods, and is characterized by the predominance of the duration of the grazing period.

2.2.4. The pasture maintenance system is used in areas where there is sufficient pasture, including winter. In these zones, the year-round grazing of sheep with food feeding them in winter with coarse and concentrated feed predominates;

2.2.5. In case of pasture-stall and pasture systems, the maintenance of the feed shop should not be provided.

2.3. There are conditionally the following groupings of the main directions of productivity in sheep breeding:

fine-fleece and semi-fine fleece (including wool, wool-meat and mxo-shsrstloy);

"> ShubN0S And lgyasd-shorst HP; M. OL Lh YO $ J i

; karaKulkkos i * name<ЪЧ&лЬнос.. .*" . *;. ‘ - * * V. ’ * "" *

■ "2L. Sheep |> th zmeitsanUg in ■ cost iiepaotf * th -buildings tiq

"sections. There should be no more animals in a section:" V.

Sheep-pierced ** "- 25;

probiinoi rams *. 50;

unmarried and suyaginous queens - 250;

lambs on artificial growing: "

under the age of 45 days. ... ... - * 25; ". ...

Older than 45 days "... 75; ^.

y; [’young stock * h ... * - 250; ... ... *?,. from the feed of the full-time livestock "-250:.

2.5. Artificial insemination of queens, depending on the direction of productivity and the adopted technology, can be carried out in a rotary or cyclical manner.

In the case of the one-by-one method, the queens are inseminated in each flock without its subsequent re-formation.

In the cyclical method, queens are inseminated simultaneously in several flocks * with the subsequent formation of new groups (flocks) from inseminated animals. Cyclic insemination can be intermittent or non-intermittent. The cyclical method of insemination will make it possible to sequentially carry out lambing of several flocks in one specially equipped building (room).

2.6. Queens are inseminated with svszpoluchsii or imported semen, on mobile and fixed points... At artificial insemination stations, it is planned to keep two baranon-ir () nzvod5p; helen, when inseminated with imported sperm, one reserve bar and a-producer per 1000 queens during insemination with freshly obtained sperm. In addition, for sampling of queens in heat, in both cases, it is necessary to provide but 15 ... 25 probe rams.

2.8. The lambing of the queens is dying to the sheepfolds as

2.7. Lambing of queens is carried out in winter, early spring or spring, and in fur coat sheep breeding and in autumn or evenly throughout the year. *

with their single insemination, wire-with a greenhouse, and without a greenhouse, or in

awnings with a hothouse.

2.9. "Lambing of queens during cyclic insemination is carried out in separate groups (flocks) in specially equipped sheepfolds, fenced off in group sections (sparts) of 15 ... 30 heads in each. Each section is equipped with 2 ... 4 individual cages with an area of ​​1.2 ... 1.4 m *. Groups 9

\ tal ok s-yapg "1" ha ;; n / ukrut / yyut by toa "n sformatsni. across 1 uy \ shields of two smo> k: 1b [\; "sec | ^ |! g.;">;

2.10. Estimated. the head of lambs obtained for "one Yag

nenie 01 100 queens, on commodity forms, for the fur coat direction 175, for all other directions-110. Indicators for offspring in a flock "X breeding rams should be taken 10% higher." ‘The annual culling of queens should be 15 ... 20%. ... \ - * *

2.11. There are the following ways * of raising lambs;

joint, k'osharyo-basic; stripped-contact and artificial. ... ... \ *> ?. ’

2.11.1..Combine the bifi ".v- support with the queens indoors, in good weather - on pastures or on walking and feeding grounds. \ *" .. /

2.11.2. Koiiiapiio-basic - ^ keeping of queens with lambs if indoors up to 10 ... 15 days. In the daytime, the queens are kept on a walking-feeding area or in a pasture and 2 - 3 times a day they are driven into a "sheepfold for feeding lambs."

2.11.3. Partition-coptactic - lambs from 3 days of age are separated from the queens and kept in a room, the so-called lamb, the queens are kept in an unheated room or navbeom iodine, depending on the climatic conditions. Sucking, feeding of lambs is carried out in a contact room from 5 to 2 times a day.

2.11.4. When artificial. growing lambs are weaned from queens in 2 ... 3 days. age and grown up to 45 days of age using a substitute for sheep's milk. In fur-coat sheep breeding, up to -10% of born lambs are artificially raised, in fine-wool lambs - up to 20%, in Karakul - 5 ... 10%.

2.12. In the Karakul sheep breeding, 45-50% of lambs are slaughtered with cottons at the age of 1 ... 2 days. The queens left without lambs are formed into separate groups for the dosin. The culled queens are inseminated and fattened to obtain broadtail and meat.

Slaughter of lambs, primary processing of skins and disposal of slaughter products, as well as processing of embryos and broadtail is carried out at specialized points of primary processing of karakul.

2.13. The delivery of lambs to the points of primary processing of karakul is made by specially equipped vehicles... Fallen n stillborn lambs are transported separately from living ones.

; / * 2.14 '/; (org-1 "1.ivak;: -. N fattening vz ^ p.o.c! F * v: r1L s ^ rl; \. 110" r8 /> mf ^ dpyaka Lfed " ^ ma.trpv & south -in bsgyuschyu TsChsh \ tte4ja: m4npo- ": our feed-yards closed / V? o; iyo, Ti ^ bn'oi; .tJ jr. 'open type, as well as in liberated in the pastureUpdpy.n-pi - "Riod" - placed by lyakh.

2.15. -The sheep are fed and watered, as a rule, on the walking-fodder area, and during the lambing period - 1 indoors. ...

2.16. Milking of Karakul sheep is provided for,

after slaughtering lambs for sushki, and sheep. of other breeds - after weaning lambs early. ... ... ... * ‘

■ 2.17. Sheep-sheep, ton bark inosh and * in the meadow he i bark ng o directions once a year; - adult livestock and replacement young animals g ~ (in spring, young animals for fattening - two months before * 'delivery for "meat... .. * '. *

The adult livestock of Karakul and meat-and-greasy sheep is sheared twice a year - in spring and autumn, replacement young animals - in the fall of the year of birth:

Sheep of the fur coat direction are sheared every 3 ... 4 months, while the fattening young are sheared for the first time at the age of Z 1 /?, And the breeding sheep - 4 72 -.- 5 months.

2.18. Preventive treatment of sheep is carried out in * co-

otpetstvn with valid veterinary instructions and guidelines. ’.

2.19. Manure is removed from the premises and from the walking-feed areas J ... 2 times a year, and with stall maintenance as it accumulates, taking into account the adopted technology and means of mechanization.

Stands between the surface of the floor and manure ns less than 0.35 m.

Lattice polg is made of removable wooden boards. f

The configuration of the slats of the slatted floor and the size of the gaps between them should ensure that they fall into the excrement channel and not cause damage to the limbs of the animals. The planks should have a continuous working surface without bevels and rounding. It is advisable to choose the direction of the lattice elements perpendicular to the direction of the main movement of the livestock. The grilles should be easily removable in case of repairs.

Shield bars are made in the shape of a trapezoid. The width of the bars on top must be at least 0.03 and not more than 0.06 m. 10

The width of the "slots on top * in the 'floors for keeping - lambs n load * races; from up to -45 * dds / ddr. ^ Pa *. To be 0.01o..m, the length of the rest is pop) -" .lovya - "0.02 m. GKoo.iijiaijOK. 7 ... 10%; * "*. ....:" *

Uniformly distributed "loads" per half h iipiiiiii ^ aioT * "eat: when keeping rams; lambs -g * 1.5 kp / m 2.

The overload factors "for a uniformly distributed load on Iols should be taken in accordance with the chapter SNpG1 on the design of loads and no-way. X 2.21. Equipment for the mechanization of technological processes is chosen * depending" on the adopted system of keeping, direction, sheep productivity, etc. the size of the enterprise (see Appendix 30). ‘.

3. M OM E NK L ATU RL AND DIMENSIONS OF SHEEP FACTORY, BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES, BASIC REQUIREMENTS TO THEM

; 3.1. Nomenclature and sizes of sheep breeding enterprises

Given i-table 3., .d

"Table 3

Size but pairlrlenkyam and products "Enterprises to * objects fine-fleece and 'under-under-fleece-nose fur coat and meat-wool-milk karakul and mpso-sal-ioe 1. Spscnalnz- in V. .v *. ... G. rovshpde: uterine. thousand heads 3.0; 6.0; 0.0 repair of iioro-young animals, thous. SKOTO-U "SG 1,. Cattle enterprises * 150 Sheep-breeding enterprises "150 Horse breeding enterprises. "150 Fur-breeding and rabbit enterprises Iodchian „. 300 Pig enterprises 150 C. Poultry enterprises: a) farms 200 „ b) poultry farms * V 1000 Enterprises but manufacturing builders. puff materials: a) clay and silicate bricks, ceramic, refractory products 100 b) lime and other binders 300 "Iron and car roads: a) national and republics-, the value of 1 and 11 categories 300 b) highways of republican and regional significance III category n cattle passes (ns associated with the projected enterprise) 150 d) other highways local significance IV and V categories (with the exception of the driveway. to the enterprise) 50 Notes: 1. The distance from the deposits of mineral fertilizers and pesticides (near-rail and deep) to sheep-breeding enterprises, buildings and "structures should be taken in accordance with the SNiP chapter on the design of warehouses for dry mineral fertilizers and plant protection chemicals. 2. Veterinary and sanitary breaks for the points of primary processing of astrakhan fur should be taken in accordance with the requirements of the All-Union standards for technological design of equipment for livestock, fur-breeding and poultry enterprises, provided for slaughtering points. 3. Animal health breaks from sheep breeding enterprises, buildings and structures to poultry farms in densely populated areas can be reduced to 500 m in agreement with the veterinary department

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