Design and build a network of sewage and sewage treatment facilities for wastewater Need to adhering to regulatory documents. At the same time compliance construction Rules (SP) and norms should be carried out not only by commercial and government agencies, but also by private individuals who independently perform a system of drainage from a private house. The laying of both the outer and the inner sewer system is normal. Compliance with all rules and joint ventures will allow you to build a high-quality system of water disposal of the house or apartment, which will be insured against breakdowns and ineffective work.

Not only the construction, but also designing outdoor sewage networks and wastewater treatment plants should be carried out in compliance with the label 2.04.03-85. At the design stage, these joint ventures will allow you to take into account various important factorsproviding significant impact on the choice and device of the drainage system. To such a factor can be attributed:

1. Geological conditions. The composition of the soil, its character and properties have a significant impact on the parameters of the system. It is important to consider the properties of the soil (sand, clay or rock), terrain relief, and other characteristics.
2. Designing outdoor sewers, you need to take into account level groundwater .
3. Climatic conditions. From the depth of freezing the soil depends on how deeply you will lay the networks and treatment facilities. The joint venture allows you to determine the depth of the sewage laying in certain conditions.
4. Thanks to the joint venture specified in SNiP with the designation 2.03-85, the designer will be able to determine the characteristics of the network and the sewage treatment plant, which depend on total People living in a house or populated area, the number of industrial facilities or other enterprises for which it is necessary to project a wastewater system.
5. With the help of rules and joint ventures This regulatory document can be determined which security zone should be in a particular building of water supply or water object. In addition, the sewage treatment plants and sewage networks have its own security zones that must be observed when selecting a place for construction.

According to SNiP with the designation 2.04.03-85 of the sewage network and wastewater treatment facilities, it should be carried out from aggressive impacts resistant and corrosion of materials. In order for the external and internal sewage networks to be served as long as possible, they are allowed to do from the following materials:

• polyethylene;
• polypropylene;
• polyvinyl chloride;
• cast iron;
• steel;
• asbestos cement;
• reinforced concrete.

As a rule, the tubes from asbestoscertic and reinforced concrete are used where it is necessary to perform external networks of large diameter. In addition to them, norms and joint ventures in SNiP with the designation 2.04.03-85, the use of pipes from ceramics and glass is allowed, but in fact it is a big rarity.

IMPORTANT: There is old and new edition SNIP WITH MARKING 2.04.03-85. This is due to the fact that norms and rules are often adjusted, complemented or change. The necessary changes and adjustments are made to the updated document, so you can always use the joint venture.

Diameters of pipes

The drainage system is made using pipes of different diameters. The diameter of the sewage network depends on the purpose, pipe material, location, slope, the number of connected devices and many other factors.

According to the SNiP with the marking 2.04.03-85, the following pipeline diameters are recommended for drainage systems:

• Street sewage networks are made from pipes, the diameter of which should not be less than 200 mm.
• Water disposal inside the quarters and courtyards is made using pipes with a diameter of at least 15 cm.
• Rainwater should be discharged by sewage pipes with a diameter of at least 250 mm. The same applies to the general wreationalification systems.
• Inspecially and domestic sewage networks may have a minimum diameter of 50 mm (for flow from washing, bathroom, sink and soul) and 100-110 mm (for flow from toilet bowl and rising arrangement).

Slope, speed and filling

Observing the joint venture and norms of SNIP with the ordinal designation 2.04.03-85, it is possible to calculate the flow rate of the flow and the pipeline filling. This calculation is required to prevent the probability of overflowing sewage pipes and sewage treatment facilities. Calculation of the collector filling will avoid the increase in water pressure, clogging the pipeline or increase the flow rate of the fluid.

To determine the minimum speed parameters and filling the sewage pipes in SNiP with the designation 2.04.03-85 there is a table number 16:

• For pipes with a diameter of 15-25 cm, the minimum speed is 0.7 m / s, and the calculated filler is 0.6.
• For the sewage pipeline with a cross section of 30-40 cm, the rate is 0.8 m / s, and the filling is 0.7.
• Through pipes with a diameter of 45-50 cm, the drains can flow at a minimum rate of 0.9 m / s when filling 0.75.
• With the same pipeline filling with a diameter of 60-80 cm, the flow rate is 1 m / s. And for pipes with a diameter of 90 cm, speed will be 1.15 m / s.
• When filled with 0.8 in pipes with a diameter of 100-120 cm, the flow rate cannot be less than 1.15 m / s, in the pipes with a cross section of 150 cm - not less than 1.3 m / s, and in the pipeline cross section more than 150 cm - at least 1.5 m / s.

According to SNiP with marking 2.04.03-85, it is necessary to observe the bias of the pipeline for the organization of the self-reading system. If you do not comply with the required slope in the organization of drainage systems, the pipes will be clogged.

When organizing an external system of drainage systems, use such parameters of pipes of pipes:

• Pipelines with a diameter of 15 cm should have a bias of 0.008. That is, each meter of length exceeding one end of the pipe over the other should be 8 mm.
• Pipes with a cross section of 20 cm should have a slope of 0.007 - 7 mm.
• For the collector and the termination with a diameter of 110 mm, the size of the slope should be equal to 0.02, that is, the exceeding must be 2 cm.
• Pipes and collectors with a diameter of 5 cm should have a bias of 0.03, that is, the excess is 3 cm.

Important: The magnitude of the plug of the pipeline is directly related to the pipe diameter. The more pipe cross section, the smaller the slope should be.

Requirements for the elements of the sewer system

According to the standards and SP, specified in SNiP with the designation 2.04.03-85, all sewage facilities and sewage systems should be designed to comply with such requirements:

1. It is allowed to use only corrosion-resistant pipes. Steel products are covered with special insulating material. If you want to protect against electrocorrosion, apply cathode protection of a specific area of \u200b\u200bthe pipeline.
2. The base for laying outer pipes should be selected in accordance with the features of the soil. Thus, on rock soils, pillows from sand or gravel are used, solid fixing bases are used on peat or or or or or or or or or or or or or or or or or fixed soils. On the other soils, the bottom of the trench is simply aligned and trambed.
3. If the installation of the pressure sewer network is configured, ventilation, valves and editions are used.
4. In places of intersections, bends and changes in the bias or diameters of the pipeline, revision wells are established.
5. The size of the observation well depends on the diameter of the pipeline.
6. It is necessary to install rain-seekers in low zones, on protracted areas and in the zone of pedestrian crossings, in parks, on crossroads and places of crowd of people.

Claiming facilities

When designing sewage treatment plants, it is also worth adhere to the norms from the indicated SNIVA. So, septic tanks should be located at a certain distance from the foundation of the house. It must be at least 5 m. From the wells with drinking water septicchka standing at a distance of at least 10-12 m.

ATTENTION: In case of non-compliance with sanitary gaps, cleaning facilities can lead to contamination of drinking water sources in case of depressurization of the structure.

When installing septica, other regulatory breaks are observed, which are stipulated in detail in SNiP. Here is some of them:

• If there is no connection between soil layers under a septic and well either a well, then you can comply with a gap of 20 m.
• When filtering soils (sabes, sandy soils and loams) are detected, then this gap must be increased to 50-80 m.
• From the septica to a source with standing water, you need to retreat at least 30 m.
• Near the river or stream there is a 10-meter protective zone, where you can not have septic tanks.
• The network of the water supply should be from the septicity at a distance of at least 10 meters. In case of depressurization of the sewage treatment plant, the polluted drains will not be able to get into drinking water.

IMPORTANT: Any cleaning facility needs to be placed below the terrain relief than a well or well.

• If there is a road with an intense move nearby with a septic structure, then Septic is to build no closer than 5 m from the road.
• From ordinary passage of septic tank can be positioned at a distance of 2 m.
• Claimed facilities are not worth building closer than 2 meters from the borders of the site.
• From foundations household buildings Until the septica retreat at least one meter.
• Septict should not be placed from trees at a distance of less than 3 meters. And shrubs can be from the sewage treatment plant not closer than 1 m.
• If a gas pipeline passes next to the sewage treatment, then a protective area is made by a radius of at least 5 meters from it.

SNIP 2.04.01-85 *

Construction norms and rules

Internal water supply and sanitation of buildings.

Inland Cold and Hot Water Supply Systems

Sewerage

17. Internal sewage networks

17.1. Wastewater removal should be provided for closed samotane pipelines.

Note. Production wastewater, which have no unpleasant odor and not distinguishing harmful gases and pairs, if it is caused by a technological necessity, it is allowed to be removed from open-sized traders with a device of a general hydraulic shutter.

17.2. Section sectors should be strained straight. Change the direction of laying the sewer pipeline and attach the instruments with the help of connecting parts.

Note. Change the slope of the gaskets on the plot (horizontal) pipeline is not allowed.

17.3. The indentation device on the sewage risers is not allowed, if the sanitary devices are connected below the indents.

17.4. To join the rudder of the tap pipelines located under the ceiling of the premises, in basements and technical undergrounds, oblique crosses and tees should be provided.

17.5. Double-sided joining of tanning pipes from baths to one riser at one mark is allowed only with the use of oblique cross. Attach sanitary devices located in different apartments On the same floor, it is not allowed to one left-handed pipeline.

17.6. Apply direct crosses at their location in the horizontal plane is not allowed.

17.7. For sewage systems, taking into account the requirements of strength, corrosion resistance, saving consumable materials it is necessary to provide for the following pipes:

for self-e-systems - cast iron, asbestos-cement, concrete, reinforced concrete, plastic, glass;

for pressure systems - pressure pig-iron, reinforced concrete, plastic, asbestos-cement.

17.8. Connecting parts of pipelines should be taken according to current state standards and specifications.

17.9. The laying of internal sewage networks should be provided for:

open - underground, basements, shops, utility and auxiliary premises, corridors, technical floors and in special premises intended for networking, with fastening to buildings designs (walls, columns, ceilings, farms, etc.), as well as on special supports;

hidden - with sealing in the construction structures of floors, under the floor (in the ground, canals), panels, furrows of the walls, under the cladding of the columns (in the withdrawal walls at the walls), in camp ceilings, in sanitary cabins, in vertical mines, under plinth In the floor.

The sewage laying is allowed from plastic pipes in the ground, under the floor of the building, taking into account possible loads.

IN multi-storey buildings For various purposes when applying plastic pipes for internal sewage and drainage systems, the following conditions must be observed:

a) laying sewer and drain stands to provide for hidden in the installation of communication mines, strangers, channels and boxes that enclosing the structures of which, with the exception of the front panel, providing access to the shaft, box, etc., must be made of non-aggravated materials;

b) The front panel is made in the form of a discovered door from the combustable material when the pipes from polyvinyl chloride and the employed material are used when using polyethylene pipes.

Note. It is allowed to apply the combustible material for the front panel with polyethylene pipes, but the door must be unopened. To access the reinforcement and audits in this case, it is necessary to provide for a device of opening hatches with an area of \u200b\u200bnot more than 0.1 sq. M with covers;

c) in the basements of buildings in the absence of production warehouse and office space in them, as well as in attics and in the bathrooms of residential buildings, the laying of sewer and drain plastic pipelines is allowed to be provided openly;

d) the position of the passage through the floors should be sealed with cement mortar for the entire thickness of the overlap;

e) a stretch of standing above the overlap by 8-10 cm (to the horizontal tap pipeline) should be protected by a cement solution with a thickness of 2-3 cm;

e) before sealing the riser with a solution of the pipe should be wrapped with a rolled waterproofing material without a gap.

17.10. Laying internal sewer networks is not allowed:

under the ceiling, in the walls and in the floor of residential rooms, bedrooms of children's facilities, hospital chambers, medical sites, dining rooms, work rooms, administrative buildings, meeting rooms, visual halls, libraries, educational audiences, electrical and transformer, automation control panels, supply ventilation chambers and industrial premises requiring a special sanitary regime;

under the ceiling (open or hidden) kitchens, premises of catering facilities, trading halls, food warehouses and valuable goods, lobby, premises with valuable decoration, industrial premises in places of installation of production furnaces, which are not allowed to enter moisture, premises, Where valuable goods and materials are manufactured, the quality of which is reduced by moisture from them.

Note. In the premises of the air intake ventilation chambers, the drainage risers are allowed when they are placed outside the air intake zone.

17.11. To the sewer network should include accession with a jet break from at least 20 mm from the top of the receiving funnel:

technological equipment for the preparation and processing of food products;

equipment and sanitary appliances for washing dishes installed in public and production buildings;

switchpin piping pools.

17.12. Household sewage risers placed in the upper floors of buildings passing through catering enterprises should be provided in plastered boxes without installing revisions.

17.13. The laying of pipelines of industrial wastewater in the production and warehouses of catering facilities, in premises for the reception, storage and preparation of goods for sale and in the utility premises of stores is allowed to be placed in boxes without installing revisions.

From the networks of the production and domestic sewage sewage and catering enterprises, two separate issues into one well of the external sewage network are allowed.

17.14. Against revisions on risers with a hidden gasket, it is necessary to provide for the hatches of at least 30x40 cm.

17.15. The gasket of the tap pipelines from the devices installed in the restrooms of administrative and residential buildings, shells and washes in the kitchens, washbasins in therapeutic offices, hospital wards and other utility rooms should be provided over the floor; In this case, it is necessary to provide a device for cladding and waterproofing.

17.16. The gasket under the floor of pipelines transporting aggressive and toxic wastewater should be provided in the channels derived to the floor and overlapped with removable plates or, with the appropriate justification, in the passing tunnels.

17.17. For explosion hazardous workshops, it should be provided for separate production sewers with independent releases, ventilation risers and hydraulic assets on each of them, taking into account the requirements of the safety regulations given in the departmental norms.

The network ventilation must be provided through the ventilation risers connected to the highest points of pipelines.

Connect the production sewage transportation of wastewater containing combustible and flammable liquids to the home sewage and drainage network is not allowed.

17.18. The network of household and production sewers, wastewater discharge into the outer sewer network, should be ventilated through the risers, the exhaust part of which is derived through the roof or the national ventilation mine of the building to height, M:

from a flat non-exploitable roof .......... 0.3

"The pitched roof ............................ 0.5

"Operated roofing .................... 3

"Circumcision of the team of the ventilation shaft ....... 0.1

The exhaust parts of the sewage risers are displayed above, it is necessary to place from the windows and balconies opened at a distance of at least 4 m (horizontally).

Fluagarks on ventilation risers are not required.

17.19. It is not allowed to connect the exhaust part of the sewage risers with ventilation systems and chims.

17.20. The diameter of the exhaust part of the sewer riser should be equal to the diameter of the waste part of the rising. It is allowed to combine with one exhaust part of several sewer rims on top. The diameter of the exhaust riser for a group of combined sewering risers, as well as the diameters of the sections of the basic ventilation pipeline, which combines sewage risers, should be taken according to paragraphs. 18.6 and 18.10. The precast ventilation pipeline, combining the above sewer risers, should be provided with a slope of 0.01 to the side of the risers.

17.21. With wastewater costs on the sewer roller over the specified in Table. 8 It is necessary to provide a device for an additional ventilation riser attached to the sewer riser through one floor. The diameter of the additional ventilation riser should be taken to one size less than the diameter of the sewer riser.

The addition of an additional ventilation riser to the sewer should be provided to below below the last lower appliance or from above - to a directed upward tee, installed on the sewage riser above the sides of sanitary appliances or revisions located on this floor.

17.22. For observation, if necessary, behind the movement of wastewater from the technological equipment on pipelines, removing wastewater or spent cooled water, should include a break of a jet or install observation lights.

17.23. On networks of internal household and production sewers, it is necessary to establish audits or cleaning:

on the risers in the absence of indents - in the lower and upper floors, and in the presence of indents - also in the above-mentioned floors of the floors;

in residential buildings with a height of 5 floors and more - at least in three floors;

at the beginning of the plots (on the movement of the drain) of the tap tube, with the number of connected devices 3 or more, under which there are no devices for cleaning;

on the rotations of the network - when the direction of flow direction is changed, if the pipelines cannot be cleaned through other areas.

17.24. On horizontal sections of the sewage network, the largest permissible distances between revisions or cleaning should be taken according to the table. 6.

Table 6.

17.25. The smallest depth of the setting of sewer pipes should be taken from the condition of pipe protection from destruction under the action of permanent and temporary loads.

The sewer pipelines deployed in the premises, where, under the operating conditions, their mechanical damage may be protected, and the network sections operated under negative temperatures are insulated.

In domestic rooms, it is allowed to provide for pipe gasket at a depth of 0.1 m from the floor surface to the top of the pipe.

17.26. On networks of industrial sewage sewage, wastewater, not having odor and not distinguishing harmful gases and vapors, the device of viewing wells inside the production buildings is allowed.

Weighting wells on the network of internal production sewage with a diameter of 100 mm and more should be provided on the rotations of the pipelines, in the locations of the slopes or diameters of the pipes, in the places of joining the branches, as well as on long rectilinear areas of pipelines at distances shown in SNiP 2.04.03-85.

On household sewage networks, the device of viewing wells inside buildings is not allowed.

On networks of production sewage sealing smells, harmful gases and pairs, the ability of the wells of wells and their design should be provided for departmental standards.

17.27. Sanitary appliances, which are located below the hatch level of the nearest viewing well, must be attached to a separate sewage system (isolated from the sewage system of the overvolored rooms) with a separate release device and installing a valve with an electrified drive, controlled automatically by the sensor signal installed on the pipeline in The canalizable basement and the emergency signal to the duty room or the dispatching point.

The electrified valve below the water is allowed to connect the sewage to the above-mentioned floors, while installing revisions in the basement on the riser is not allowed.

The releases from the sewage network of basement should be provided with a slope of at least 0.02.

Channelized basement must be separated by deaf capital walls from warehouse For storing products or valuable products.

Note. It is allowed to install a hand-driven valve under the condition of the 24-hour stay of the service personnel in the basement.

17.28. The length of release from the riser or cleaning to the axis of the viewing well should be no more indicated in Table. 7.

Table 7.

17.29. The release diameter should be determined by the calculation. It must be at least the diameter of the greatest of the risers attached to this issue.

17.30. Releases should be connected to the outer network at an angle of at least 90 ° (counting on the movement of wastewater). Daughting is allowed on the sewage release:

up to 0.3 m - open - on concrete water in the tray entering a smooth turn to the well outdoor sewage;

over 0.3 m - closed - in the form of a riser with a cross section of at least cross section of the supply pipeline.

17.31. When the release of the walls of the basement or foundations of the building should be performed the activities specified in § 9.7.

External sewage networks, according to SNiP, are used as in private country housesand in urban apartments. Such a system of sewers is very convenient, easy to operate and environmentally safe. For its installation, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the rules of ISPIP

Features and types of sewage systems SNiP

These sewage network data is a branched pipe supply that delivers wastewater from premises (residential and non-residential) to special containers. In order for wastewater to fall into the tank by a self-shot, the tap pipes are installed under a slight bias.

Second version of the system provides installation of pressure networks Or connecting a special pump.

Types of SNIP Sewing Systems

Depending on the purpose, sewage networks are divided:

• Household houseswhich is divided into two types: Central (serving the entire village) and autonomous (for one or several houses).
• Industrial (Production treatment plants).
• Livnevayaproviding drainage after rain.

All listed species are divided into two subspecies:

• Outdoor (pipes are located on the street, including sewaged stations and structures).
• Internal (everything is inside the room).

By way of installation and laying pipeline SNiP, outdoor communications are divided into several types:

In addition, sewage networks differ in other features.

Snip outdoor sewage systems

Outdoor communication communications can be located in various places and differ in purpose. There are several types of network sewage networks:

Methods of laying water pipes are determined in each case individually. It depends on several factors, such as bends and turns on the path, the level of groundwater passage, etc. It should be remembered that the sewage pipes in any case are laid with a slope that changes depending on the diameter of the pipe. In some cases, it may be necessary to install a pump, drainage or observation well.

Components of the external sewage system

The sewage network consists of various elements that allow transportation of wastewater to treatment facilities. In general, the sewerage includes the following details:

In addition, it is possible to use other additional elements for the full operation of the sewerage.

Material for the manufacture of sewer pipes

The service life of the pipeline depends on the selection of the material. To date, the rules provide for the use of such materials as:

In rare cases, it is possible to use pipes from glass or ceramics.

Since wastewater with all uncleanness is instantly coming from the internal sewage system in the outside, the latter should cope with a huge amount of uncleanness at the same time.

Installation of the outer sewage system

To ensure reliability and long life of the sewer system during its installation, it is necessary to comply with a number of rules.

Snip requirements are based on factors such as:

• soil properties;
• climate features;
• ground water level;
• average wastewater volume;
• distance to nearest pumps and sewage stations.

It is also very important to comply with the level of tilt pipe to ensure the unimpeded passage of wastewater by self. According to the requirements of SNiP, t ribs should fit under a definite slope on the side of the well. The angle of inclination is determined by the pipe diameter and is 2-3 cm for each meter of the pipeline.

Do not try to make a big bias: This, of course, will contribute to the rapid plum of a huge amount of effluent, but can lead to a system blockage, as solid particles will linger in the pipe.

According to the requirements of SNiP, the pipe size for the external sewage system of several houses included in the system should be at least 20 cm, and for one country cottage - 10-11 cm. Planning the installation of the waste system, it should be taken into account additional factorsaffecting operational qualities in the future.

Before proceeding directly to the installation of the sewage system, it is necessary to carry out preparatory work: explore the peculiarities of the soil, make the calculation of all elementsMap the pipeline route.

The first thing is determined by the location of the team well, where wastewater will be stroke. At the same time, the type of waterborne is taken into account: septic, which is capable not only to take, but also dispose of pollution or a conventional well.

The ideal option for the septica or well will be the lowest place on the area of \u200b\u200bthe pipeline. If you clean the collection is planned by means of an associate machine, well, for its comfortable service, it is better to have a closer to the carriageway.

A trench is discarded, which, if necessary, is supplied with additional details. The joints of the pipes thoroughly fix and handle the sealant. To prevent the water supply freezing during the winter period, it is necessary to carry out thermal insulation. The sewer system is then connected to the cleaning structure or collector and a test starts.

The ditch is falling asleep and tamper only after a complete test of the entire design as a whole.

Requirements for pipeline details:

• Stability of material to corrosion or providing its additional protection.
• The presence of a base for mounting the pipeline taking into account the characteristics of the soil.
• Mandatory use of valves, vehicles and other additional elements with pressure sewage networks.
• Installation of viewing wells only in places of slopes, intersections and flexions of the water supply system. The size of the well is determined by the diameter of the pipe and its length. Wells must have sewer hatches, stairs and fences.
• Rainwater receivers should be installed near pedestrian crossings, lowlands and places of clusters large number of people.

Requirements SNiP to sewer private house

Sewerage B. apartment houses It is perceived as granted and practically imperceptible. Another thing is to pin down the sewage in a private house. Cesspools and street toilets are already considered a remnant of the past, and many country cottages owners think about construction of the sewer system at home. In order to independently mount and connect the waste pipeline, you need to know the construction norms and rules, the observance of which will ensure the long and uninterrupted operation of the system.

The sewage is laid immediately during the construction of a new home, but also the old one, with a street toilet to equip apartments quite real.

Private houses are divided into two types: with the possibility of connecting to the central sewer system and those that cannot be connected.

The procedure for carrying out orange mounting work It will be the same, the difference is only in the decoding of wastewater from the room.

System sewage system, as well as apartment, consists of sewer pipes and riser connected. Wastewater from toilet bowls, baths and shells fall into horizontal pipes and the riser goes into sewage treatment plants or sewers. If the construction of the house is only planned, it is necessary to place the kitchen and the bathroom near the place of the sewer pipe from the house. If the cottage is a multi-storey, then for the simplicity of the installation of the pipeline, the bathrooms must be placed one over the other.

Installation of pipes and plumbing installation

The toilet joins the vertical riser separately. So that the drains do not fall into the pipes, the remaining elements should be placed above the toilet bowl.

To reduce the level of noise, risers can be closed in a drywall box or wrap mineral wool. All necessary parts are attached to pipes with knee siphones.In which there is always a small amount of water, which blocks unpleasant odors of the system and prevents them out out.

Horizontal pipes that are under the floor, in the basement or basement join a riser with outer tubes. Elements that are outside the room should be x orchive insulation to prevent their freezing during the cold period. At the outlet of the house, all pipes are collected in one and are connected to the outer sewage system. Clamps are used as the attachment.

In order to prevent the appearance of specific odors when draining the water, the ventilation should be installed: the vertical riser is excreted to the roof, and its upper part must be well strengthened, but only to protect against garbage and precipitation. To protect against smells, you can also install an aeration valve.

A trench is prepared, the depth of which is determined by the level of soil freezing in a particular region. At the bottom of the ditches necessarily stacked sand pillowTo which drainage pipes are mounted under a slight bias. If due to the peculiarities of the soil, it is impossible to dug deep trench, the pipeline should be carefully insulated.

Private houses mainly have autonomous sewers, which is 4 species:

• Biothuette. Convenient, but requires constant spending type of sewerage.
• Cesspool. Cheap, but very inconvenient to use the view.
• Septic. It is capable not only to take wastewater, but also to clean them independently.
• Cleaning facility. Cleaning is performed using special bacteria. Effective enough, but at the same time - an expensive type of sewer system.

Each of these options has its pros and cons. For example, a cesspool is better installed on sites that have a periodic nature of use.

Cleaning station does not require constant care, but its drawback - high price . From the proposed sewage options for a private house, ideal will be septic, which can be collected independently or buy ready.

So, compliance with the rules of SNiP outdoor sewage networks, and following the proposed recommendations, you can easily install the sewer system at home and thereby ensure your own comfortable accommodation.

STROYETMASHSERVICE provides services for the design and construction of outdoor sewage networks in the Moscow region and regions of Russia.

The scope of SMMS on the device of external sewage networks includes the following types of work:

• laying drainage pipes on slim sites;
• the device of the filter base for clocks and praying filtration;
• installation and disassembly of shut-off valves and equipment of sewage networks;
• laying pipelines of sewer pressure;
• laying of pipelines of sewage non-pressure;
• device of sewer and drainage wells;
• installation of sewage pumping stations;
• cleaning the cavity and testing of sewage pipelines.

These and other types of work performed are manufactured in compliance with existing standards, safety technician. Construction of sewage networks in terms marked by the customer, the key to the timely delivery of the object.

A full cycle of services from "SMMS" includes:

• design of outdoor sewage networks;
• complete set of materials and equipment;
• installation of elements of external networks and water supply and sewerage structures;
• commissioning work, system testing;
• delivery of the facility;
• reconstruction;
• warranty and post-warranty service.

Laying outdoor sewage networks from design before installation

The device and gasket of external sewage networks is carried out in compliance with the requirements of the regulatory documents SNIP and EAS. During the construction of external networks and sewage structures, plastic (PND), cast-iron (HCHHH), asbestos cement pipes are used. All types of services for the installation of external networks of water supply and sewerage provided by the "SMMS" are tolerance of SRO for the production of work.

Development of a project of external storm sewage networks (calculation estimate cost and design of outdoor sewage networks, receipt technical Conditions, coordination of the project), registration of a positive conclusion of state expertise, the development and coordination of the project's work project (PPR), construction of sewage engineering networks, installation of pipelines of external water supply and sewage networks, repair, warranty and post-warranty service of facilities are carried out by qualified specialists of Stroimmet Mashservice optimal price. In a timely manner, we provide the customer reports on the progress of work. The company's action transparency allows the client to make changes and adjustments, if necessary.

To calculate the cost of work on the device of external household sewage networks in the complex or in the form of a separate service, contact the SMMS specialists at any time. Readiness will be happy to answer your questions on the installation and maintenance of external networks of water supply and sewage, preparation of work drawings.

"Stroymmetmashservis" - reliable quality at a decent price, professionalism and responsibility.

Properly performed project and installation of outdoor sewage networks determines the duration and quality of their operation. The main provisions and rules for the construction and repair of an external sewage network determines SNiP 2.04.03-85. The document regulates the full cycle of work on the device. engineering system From the installation of the pipeline before the construction of wastewater treatment facilities. SNiP sewage exterior networks and structures will help you choose the best material and build an effective system of wastewalling and rainwater.

What is external sewage

The outer sewage includes branched pipelines and elements of the system necessary for the transportation of wastewater from residential buildings and other facilities to cleaning facilities. Engineering network design is performed simultaneously with the preparation of water supply plans. Systems are interconnected by the need to comply with the balance of consumption and water removal. Installation and maintenance of urban outer sewage is assigned to utilities. The owners themselves are engaged in the service of autonomous sewerage in private houses.

There are two ways to transport drain:

• non-variable or sampling;
• press, requiring the installation of pumping equipment.

Types of sewage

To ensure the safety of the functioning of the outer sewage, SNiP offers several ways:

• duplication of communications - ensuring the ability to accidentally switch the flow to a parallel pipe or channel;
• reliable power supply, the presence of an alternative (backup) source;
• layout in the design of network bandwidth

Attention. When installing sewage facilities, a certain sanitary zone must be observed to the place of construction of residential and public buildings.

Structural schemes

According to SNiP, the outer sewage in the laying method is divided into several systems:

• Enclosed - According to this installation scheme, all the drains are household, storm, thal - are sent to one sewer collector or container.
• Separate - the system is arranged in such a way that household stocks and melting (rain) water are transported along various pipelines and fall into various treatment facilities or drives.
• Semi-part-wastewater and storm sewage They are sent according to different highways in one container.

Solving scheme

Attention. It is forbidden to drop wastewater in the reservoirs, crude to established norms.

Classification of the sewer system

Outdoor engineering communications are arranged in various places and have their own purpose.

The yard network is used to serve one building. It consists of the following elements: small diameter pipes (150 mm), buildings, reception and observation wells. This concept is applied to the system associated with central sewage, it is not used for an autonomous system.

Nourish network

Intrakvartal - the network is arranged inside the quarter, it consists of the same elements as the courtyard.

The street network is designed to transport wastewater collected from all quarters. Such a pipeline is called a collector, its function to collect wastewater and to remove to a pumping station or sewage cleaning.

Attention. Ground laying of the sewer pipeline in settlements not allowed.

Schemes of drainage networks

Depending on the nature of the terrain features, one of the exterior drainage schemes is selected:

• perpendicular - used for rain sewage collectors for the speedy transportation of water to a total stream;
• zonny - a rare option applied to objects with a significant difference in height, the pump is installed in the lower collector;
• crossing - the main collector is installed along the river or other reservoir to intercept the wastewater;
• radial - wastewater is sent to various cleaning facilities.

Composite elements of the external sewer system

Engineering network consists of several main details:

The choice of a method for the diversion of household and raindrops depends on the whole list of factors that are taken into account at the design stage:

• properties and character of the soil;
• climatic features, such as the depth of freezing;
• volume of transported stocks;
• the level of groundwater occurs;
• the distance from the point of release from the building to sewage treatment plants.

Attention. The smallest permissible bias of the pipeline depends on the minimum speed of the sewage stream.

Selection of material for pipeline

Materials used for mounting highways and channels must be resistant to the effects of the aggressive medium and the effects of abrasive particles contained in the liquid. To prevent gas corrosion of the top of the collector, ventilation is installed, excluding gas stagnation.

Snip outdoor sewage involves the use of pipe networks from the following materials for installation:

• polyethylene;
• polyvinyl chloride;
• polypropylene;
• steel;
• asbestos cement;
• cast iron;
• reinforced concrete.

Polymer pipes

Cast iron pipes

R / w Pipes

In rare cases, during installation, the network uses pipes from ceramics and glass, such materials are valid by the rules.

Polymer products are the optimal choice when installing external engineering networks. They possess all qualities that ensure reliable and long-term operation of the system:

• resistance to mechanical effects;
• frost resistance;
• high throughput due to a smooth surface;
• resistance to corrosion;
• durability.

Caliation Network Mounting Rules

Diameter of pipes

The bandwidth of the non-pressure network depends on the size of the pipes. Construction rates determine the minimum diameter of the pipes of the samotane engineering system:

• street network - 200 mm;
• autonomous sewage - 110-150 mm;
• intra-quarters - 150 mm;

The size of the rain and global street system is 250 mm, intravadal - 200 mm.

Speed

Snip are tables that determine the speed of wastewater movement depending on the size of the pipeline or tray. These indicators help to avoid changing sewer networks. The stream contains suspended particles, which, with insufficient speed, settled on the line of the highway.

Main calculated data:

• diameter 150-250 mm - 0.7 m / s;
• 600-800 mm - 1 m / s;
• more than 1500 mm - 1.5 m / s.

The smallest movement speed of clarified wastewater trays and pipes is 0.4 m / s. Maximum value of the speed of transportation of drains:

• on metal and plastic pipes - 8 m / s;
• on concrete and reinforced concrete - 4 m / s.

For rain sewage, indicators are:

• metal and plastic pipes - 10 m / s;
• concrete and reinforced concrete - 7 m / s.

Bias pipelines

One of the basic rules when laying a pipeline is the observance of the slope rate. For systems, where the fluid moves under the action of gravitational forces, this parameter is crucial. Negative effects of errors in the installation in the direction of decreasing or increasing the slope lead to the incorrect operation of the network, stamps and breakdowns.

Attention. The regulatory indicator is calculated on 1 lineage pipe meter.

For pipeline sewage pipes having smaller sizes than central networks, the following norms are valid:

IN special conditionsassociated with terrain relief, a decrease in the slope is allowed:

• pipes 150 mm to 0.008;
• pipes 200 mm to 0.007.

Dae rain-seekers join K. general System With a bias of 0.02.

Networking depth

The minimum depth of the sewage pipeline depends on the heat engineering calculation. Also take into account the practice of exploiting engineering networks in the area. Pipes are placed by 0.3-0.5 m below the soil freezing point. The maximum depth depends on several factors:

• pipe material;
• kind of soil;
• pipeline diameter;
• method of laying.

Requirements for wells

Wells are an integral element of the sewer network, so the norms and rules of their installation are described in SNiP.

Watching wells

For the revision of the pipeline, special elements are installed - viewing wells. Their installation is performed in two cases:

• in places connect pipes;
• on the area of \u200b\u200bchanges in the direction of the pipeline.

Snip determines the diameters of the wells depending on the size of the pipes:

• highway up to 600 mm - well 1000 mm;
• the pipeline from 700 mm and more - the size of the pipe + 400 mm in length and 500 mm wide.

Looking well

At direct sections of the self-e-network, observation facilities are located in 35 m, for high-diameter highways (500-600 mm) - 75 m, for large pipes (1500-2000 mm) - 200 m. The working part of the construction is equipped with a mounted staircase for descent.

Rain sewage

Storm sewage serves to quickly drive rain and melt water. It happens open, closed and mixed type. The open network consists of trays and canals, closed - from rain-seekers and underground pipelineMixed is a combination of pipes and trays. To reduce the length of the system, the reset is carried out in the nearest reservoir or ravine.

When installing rain sewage, it is necessary to provide installation of structures for the purification of the most contaminated drainage, which is generated during the rain. For this, sandballs, sumps and filters are installed. It is also recommended to design the possibility of using purified rainwater for watering and production needs.

Devices for wastewater

Rain-seekers

Elements of rain-seekers are installed on sections of descents, pedestrian crossings and intersections. They are allowed to attach the drainage pipes of houses and drainage networks. There are models with a grill vertical, horizontal and combined location. Depending on the street slope, the distance between the elements is from 50 to 80 m.