Correct location on the site. Norms and rules for the location of residential buildings and outbuildings on plots. The layout of the suburban area: the rules for the location of buildings for household purposes

There are rules and regulations for everything, including residential complexes: distance between sites, fire safety, house building codes and much more. All this information is contained in the technical regulations SNiP. The norms for the construction of a private house or summer cottage are aimed at ensuring a comfortable and safe life. Like any documentation, SNiP is quite difficult to master, which is why this article appeared - we in simple words we will try to convey what SNT (Garden Non-Profit Partnership) is, what are the requirements for a private house and a summer residence, as well as other important issues related to construction in 2018.

Compliance with all SNiP rules is mandatory if the home owners want to get permanent registration. SNT services also become available after verification, whether it is a summer residence or a residential private house.

Dacha: basic provisions of SNiP

Let's start with a simple one, since less strict rules are imposed for the dacha when compared with a building that has the status of a residential building. If you are going to build a summer cottage, then you need to know - the height of the ceilings in the premises should be at least 2.2 meters.

At the dacha, there must be a source of water - be it a pipeline, a well or a well. Other communal infrastructure is optional. But the water must be drinkable - if necessary, the liquid will be checked for bacteria, salts and Ph. A bathroom is one of the important issues, but an ordinary toilet will be enough in the country, SNiP does not oblige the owners to make sewage.

Site requirements

If the requirements for communal infrastructures are minimal, then for a summer cottage in the SNiP document, many points are allocated. Usually, there are no large summer cottages in the SDT, so lovers of large houses who decide to build them on the edge of the site will create discomfort for their neighbors. The rules stipulate that the building must be at least three meters from the neighboring fence.
This diagram shows in detail the requirements for the placement of various buildings on the site. The data is valid for both 2015 and 2018.

Also in SNiP for summer cottages there is such a thing as a "red line". This term designates the border that separates public areas from summer cottages and residential buildings. The minimum distance from the dacha to the red line is 3 meters if there is a passage, or 5 meters if your house is on a full-fledged street.

SNiP also indicates the distance to neighboring buildings; these norms are aimed at eliminating the risk of fire. The distance from one private house to another depends on what material the structure is made of. For example, between houses made of stone and block buildings, in the structure of which there is reinforced concrete, the distance should be at least 6 meters. If both houses are wooden - from 15 meters, if they have wooden floors - from 8m, there must be a distance of at least 10 meters between the wooden and stone buildings.

SNiP provides for measurements from the following building elements:

• From the edge of the porch or roof overhang (if present);
• From the base;
• From a flat wall (this distance is taken if there is no base).

Building density is also important, so there are corresponding rules in SNiP. The document states that with standard sizes (6-12 acres), a summer cottage should have no more than 30% of the built-up area.

Private house: basic provisions

This plan reflects the basic requirements for a private house on the site. The rules cover all parts of the building site.

First, it is worth saying about the rooms, since SNiP indicates the minimum set of premises:

• boiler room;
• living quarters;
• pantry (can be replaced with a dressing room);
• kitchen (alternatively, there is a niche kitchen or dining room).

The SNiP rules for a residential building are more demanding, therefore there are norms for the size of rooms. For example, the bedroom should not be less than 8 square meters and the living room is less than 12 sq.m. The distance from the ceiling to the floor should be at least 2.5 meters, as for the attic floor, then this size is allowed at 2.3 m.If there is enough sewage for a summer residence, then all the amenities for a private house should be provided - heating, water, electricity , as well as a full bathroom.

In SNiP 2018 there is a provision that obliges to have a radio available. At first glance, this is funny, but it is by this means that the rescue services inform residents about various man-made disasters and natural disasters.

Fire safety

This is the main question. Many residents of private houses have already faced the fact that until the dwelling is fully compliant with fire safety, the Ministry of Emergency Situations will not issue a permit. SNiP rules contain a separate chapter, which includes 19 points. They will remain unchanged in 2018.

• evacuation exits of a private house;
• the presence of fire detectors;
• fire partitions.

Let's say right away that it is quite difficult to comply with all these norms for a summer cottage or a private house, but there is a simple solution - build a house with one or two floors. In this case, you will free yourself from the requirements for fire resistance of the materials from which the walls of the cottage are made.

Site planning

Let's say that the documents for building the site have already been collected, you can engage in planning or even construction (in the event that the plan was drawn up in advance). It is worth starting with the fence, because it will be the border of your summer cottage. According to SNT standards, the site must be fenced off with a lattice or mesh fence, the height of which must be at least 1.5 m.

You are probably surprised, because in your SNT there are summer cottages with huge fences. This option is possible if the meeting of SNT members, in which the summer cottage is located, therefore, the norms allow deaf fences.

How to build a cellar or basement

The gardening partnership has certain requirements even for such premises. The rules for SNT say that a basement or cellar must be built under the main building, that is, under a residential building. It is forbidden to make a basement under the premises in which small livestock or poultry live. These building regulations are in effect in 2015 and will continue in 2018.

2.2 meters is the minimum height for a basement. As for the utility rooms, here the SNT requirement is slightly less - 2 meters. The distance from the cellar ceiling to the lowest protruding elements must be at least 1.6 meters.

Engineering equipment: storage requirements

The SNiP for 2015 (in 2018 the rules for the gardening partnership will remain the same) there are requirements for engineering equipment:

1. Inside the house, a meter is required to calculate the consumed electricity.
2. In the garden area, SNiP prohibits the storage of cylinders with liquefied gas.
3. When installing the drain, you need to make sure that there will not be rainwater get to a neighbor's summer cottage.
4. In private homes, it is not uncommon to consider a gas cylinder, which replaces electricity and a gas stove for cooking. In a private house, you can only store a cylinder in which no more than 12 liters of liquefied gas is stored.

Conclusion

If you are already ready for construction, and development can begin in a certain SNT, find out how things are going with utilities... In some garden partnerships, it is necessary to pay for wiring, in others SNT all these benefits are brought to the places allowed for building. After the construction is completed, all the necessary utilities will be connected to the dwelling for a fee.

Is a joyous event. Surely its owner has many plans and wants to immediately start implementing them. But where do you start? You need to start with the layout of the site. After all, you need to know exactly where the house, outbuildings and other objects, the construction of which is planned, will be located. Most likely, the site will have a garden, flower beds and possibly a pond or pool. In order to place all this correctly, effectively using all the available territory, you need to know how to plan a section of a country house.

A well-designed plan is essential for any site, regardless of its size and shape. If this is not done, then during the construction and laying out of the garden and flower beds, it may become clear that the objects are located irrationally: hard-to-reach "pockets" appear, which will have to be empty in the future. If something turns out to be redone without significant costs, then when transferring capital buildings, you will have to go to significant financial and labor costs.

The plan is necessary for the arrangement of each site, regardless of its size: only in this case, each of its objects will be in place

The correct layout of the site allows you to save on costs associated with energy and water supply, wastewater disposal, heating and irrigation of the site. Residential buildings will be oriented so that natural light is present in them, but not hot from the scorching summer heat. The playground will definitely be visible from the kitchen window so that the children can be supervised, even if the mother is preparing dinner.

When drawing up a plan Special attention should be given to the playground. It should always be in the field of view of adults, be sufficiently shaded and illuminated.

However, some rules for the location of objects on the site are strictly regulated and do not depend on the wishes of the owner himself. You just need to know them so that there will be no misunderstandings in the future, and follow them strictly. Certain nuances of this issue will be highlighted in the video, which is at the very end of this article.

Basic provisions when planning a site

When drawing up a plan for a suburban area, many different factors must be taken into account. For example, the shape of the allotment, the buildings that are located nearby, as well as the characteristics of the terrain can have a significant impact. In particular, the location of your land is very important.

Not all sites have a traditional rectangular shape... There are, for example, triangular. But the correct layout can turn this disadvantage into an advantage.

Be sure to consider whether there is land on a hill or in a lowland, whether there is any body of water nearby. It would be nice to know what happened in this place before, perhaps, once there was a forest here, or it's just a piece of the steppe plain. Considering these important circumstances, then even on a small plot of land, you can place all the planned objects.

The following factors deserve special attention:

• Terrain relief. The location of utilities, the location of the main house and the necessary outbuildings may depend on how even the allotment you got, what is the surrounding landscape.
• Soil type. Soils in Russia can be different. There are lungs and fertile ones, on which different plants can be grown. Sandy or heavy clayey as well as loam may come across. If the soil is "poor", it will have to be carefully cared for, and in some cases it will be necessary to bring a special fertile soil to the site.
• The shape of the site. Not all areas are rectangular, although this shape is considered traditional. The allotments can even be triangular or in the shape of the letter "L".
• Reservoirs. It is important to take into account not only the proximity of surface water bodies, but also the presence of groundwater and their level. If there is groundwater and is close to the surface of the earth, a drainage system will have to be installed.
• The position of the site on the sides of the horizon.

Feature # 1 - site relief

Feature # 2 - cardinal alignment

It is very important to consider how the site is located relative to the cardinal points. Indeed, the correct placement of buildings depends on this, which makes it possible to use the features of the lighting of the allotment during the daylight hours. For example, if large trees and buildings are located on the north side of the site, then the shadow falling from them will not have a negative impact on other green spaces.

Most home windows should be facing south or southeast to make the most of the natural daylight in all rooms

At the same time, the house should be oriented with a facade in a south direction. Then it will be light in his rooms from dawn to dusk.

Feature # 3 - Considering Sane Traditions

Do not neglect reasonable traditions: leave a small piece of land for the front garden between the facade of your house and the street. This piece of land filled with flowers and green plants will serve more than just a decorative function. It will protect the house from dust and street noise.

The presence of a front garden is not only beautiful, but also reasonable, since green spaces are a natural barrier to noise and dust from outside.

Dividing a suburban area into zones

We will think globally so as not to get stuck on the details at this stage. To do this, we will divide the entire site into zones in accordance with their functional purpose.

The division of the entire territory of the site into zones - zoning - is of a fundamental nature, the details of the plan will be worked out at the next stage

So, we have to highlight:

• Residential area. The most important building will be located here - the house, as well as all the additional buildings that are attached to it. This can be a garage, terrace, summer kitchen, etc.
• ... It is better to rest away from outbuildings. We need to choose a place not far from the house, but at the end of the site, which is hidden from the eyes of strangers.
• Garden and vegetable garden area. For this purpose, you need to choose a well-lit place that is convenient for watering. Here it will be possible to compactly place shrubs, fruit trees and garden beds.
• Economic zone. This is the work area. It should be located at the end of the site opposite from the recreation area. Buildings are concentrated here for economic purposes, premises for keeping animals and poultry (chicken coop, etc.).

The largest of all can be considered the garden and vegetable garden area. It takes up about half or even most of the entire allotment. As a rule, about 1/10 of the entire territory is allocated for housing. A little more space is occupied by household buildings. If the remaining space seems insufficient for arranging a recreation area, this area can be increased at the expense of a garden, vegetable garden or economic zone.

When the fundamental zoning is done, you can draw the details of the plan.

Examples of layouts of plots for 6-20 acres will also be useful:

Detailing the work plan

Let's say your dreams are ahead of your financial capabilities. This is a common situation, but you shouldn't be discouraged. Put on the plan everything that should appear on your site over time, regardless of whether you are ready for these expenses today or not.

The time will come when the new costs will be on your shoulder, then it will be possible to realize what is conceived in full. It is important to include everything in the plan, and then follow it strictly. If you constantly change decisions, over time you can make sure that chaos has formed on the site.

The process of developing and detailing the plan will be greatly facilitated by the free online garden plot builder:

At the stage of detailing, not only specific objects appear on the site plan, but also their parameters, made to scale, begin to be drawn

Having calculated the parameters of future buildings, you need to use a scale to draw their outlines on graph paper. The more detailed the plan is, the more accurate its implementation will be, and the fewer mistakes will be made in the process of its implementation.

In addition to buildings, it is necessary to draw all the elements of other zones. For example, mark, break future beds and flower beds. At the same time, try to make the paths comfortable. They don't have to be straight. Smooth curves will give them a more natural look. At the same time, your site will get rid of the banality. In addition, all the proposed sites must be plotted on the plan, at the same time the paths must receive not only direction, but also width.

Do not try to make the paths on your site perfectly straight, it will be inconvenient for you to use them yourself, and you will begin to round corners and spoil the lawns

Now you can make room for trees and shrubs. Let them look like circles of the appropriate size on the plan. To determine the types of planting, take a guide and select those plants that correspond to the area of ​​your residence. This will help to roughly estimate the upcoming primary costs of landscaping the site.

An overview of the best varieties of ornamental shrubs for arranging a garden will also be useful:

The largest trees should be located in the part of the plot remote from the house. The recreation area can be surrounded by decorative deciduous shrubs that bloom beautifully. Dwarf conifers or berry bushes such as hawthorn can be planted along the paths. From the side of the intended direction of the winds, plants with large leaves and a dense crown are planted.

Despite the fact that the garden zone is allocated the largest area in terms of territory, you should not abuse tree planting: they need a place for growth and development

For flower beds, we are looking for the most sunlit places. Pay attention to the entrance area, seating area and space in the immediate vicinity of the house. If this site already had owners, then it is better to leave the beds for vegetables and berries in the places where they already were. The reason is simple: the land in this place is already well cared for and it will only be enough to fertilize it in a timely manner. If you got a virgin land, make it between the recreation area and the outbuildings.

Garden gazebo with barbecue. Overview of 2 examples of DIY construction:

Like flower beds, the beds do not have to have a regular rectangular shape either. As you can see, a round garden bed, divided into sectors, is convenient and original.

Next, it is necessary to determine the places for. Trellises, pergolas and arches should appear on the plan. Determine a place for them in such a way that they could not only become a decoration of the territory, but also hide the necessary, but not always beautiful enough, buildings for economic purposes from the eyes.

At the final stage of drawing up the plan, you need to take care of the places for, about the lighting and about the portable containers in which you will place the beautiful ornamental plants.

Objects of vertical gardening should also be displayed on the site plan of a country house: they give the territory additional charm and are necessary for growing climbing plants

Now that everything you have in mind is located in your virtual territory, make sure that objects do not interfere with each other. There should not be empty or “blind” nooks. Each meter of the territory should be of use to you in order to please you in the future. Do not be discouraged if, in the course of implementing this plan, it undergoes some adjustment. This is permissible. But still try to follow what is planned.

Some secrets of site planning can be found in the video:

Maintaining the style of the site

One of the factors that affect the planning of the site is the style chosen by its owner. Of course, the uniform style to which the objects of the site will be subordinated will inevitably be reflected in the course of its planning. For example, if the design also provides for a well in the Russian style, they must definitely find a place on the plan.

Of course, the features of the style in which your site will be made affect the list, number and location of objects on the territory.

Unity in the design of a country house site can be achieved in another ingenious way: use a single geometric shape when creating different objects. For example, shape a pond, playground, flowerbed and lawn into a square, diamond or circle. Then repeat the same geometric figure in the design of the gazebo, fence and window bars. It is simply impossible to realize such an original idea without a plan.

More information on site planning can be obtained from the video:

Having got out of the stuffy cramped city apartment, the novice summer resident seeks to turn his land allotment into a cozy corner.

A pleasant confusion reigns in his head from a variety of plans. Hands are ready to move mountains, and the next vacation is already scheduled in advance by hours and minutes.

However, despite the constant time pressure, one should not rush to arrange the dacha. A well thought out plan must be at the heart of future transformation.

It is necessary to indicate the location of each building, not forgetting to check with the existing norms and rules for building summer cottages.

When deciding what to build on a summer cottage, we will follow the Russian proverb that says that "you need to dance from the stove." In the annex to the land plot, such a “stove” is a residential building. He will be given the main place in the future general plan.

All the distances between buildings in the country are clear, based on common sense... Having familiarized yourself with them in detail and thoughtfully, you will protect yourself from serious mistakes and border problems with your neighbors.

Obviously, there should be some kind of “sanitary zone” (10-15 meters) between the outbuildings and the house, which will save you from noise, dust and extraneous odors. In addition, placing a recreation area next to the poultry house (gazebo, barbecue area or reservoir) also cannot be called a rational solution.

With competent zoning on a standard 6 acres, you can place all the necessary structures without feeling cramped. Do not forget that according to current regulations, the total area suburban development should not exceed 30% of total area plot.

In addition to durability and comfort, all buildings in the country house must meet the canons of aesthetics and fit organically into the landscape. Therefore, it is not recommended to build them from different materials. For example, if your house is built of brick or timber, then it is better to build a bath from the same materials. If the roof of the dwelling is made of metal, then it will not be very appropriate to cover the bathhouse with straw or reed.

“Live yourself and do not interfere with others” - this important principle should be taken into account when planning the improvement of the summer cottage. Therefore, in advance, add to your plan between buildings, and do not hide from your neighbors with fences impenetrable to sunlight.

What buildings are needed at the summer cottage?

After the country house, the second most important object is the economic block. This is a multifunctional structure that can accommodate a poultry house and workshop, storage room, toilet, shower and wood log.

It is irrational to combine a utility block and a garage, since it is better to park a car closer to the house, and it is more profitable to build utility rooms away from housing.

Hozblok

If you are not friends with the tool and are not versed in construction, you can purchase a ready-made container utility block. It contains the minimum set of premises for the daily needs of the summer resident.

If assembling a wooden frame is not a problem for you, then you will master it in one week. After installing the supporting frame, wall cladding with siding or board, it remains to insulate the building (with ecowool or mineral wool).

You can build a utility block of brick or foam concrete. It will be more durable than wood, but it will take more time and effort to build.

Very often, the competent location of buildings on the site requires not only strict adherence to the norms, but also rational thinking. For example, some summer residents build a utility block so that it has a well inside it. So they protect the surface pump from freezing and at the same time block children from accessing an open source of water.

It should not be forgotten that outbuildings are an ideal place for placing engineering equipment. Here it is reliably sheltered from theft and does not bother with its noise.

In addition to utility structures, the placement of buildings on a land plot involves the construction of a gazebo, a bathhouse, a greenhouse, a barbecue and a playground.

Bath

There are dozens of design options for this structure. Only the basic requirements for country bath: well insulated floor, walls and ceiling, effective ventilation and maximum protection of structures from moisture.

You should not be frivolous about the construction of a bath. In this case, you will not get the required temperature and high-quality steam, but you will regularly repair the rotten lining of the washing and steam room sections. V wooden bath it is necessary to correctly carry out the wiring in order to eliminate the risk of overload and fire.

Alcove

Recreation in the fresh air is why we value the summer cottage so highly. You can, of course, put your garden furniture right on the grass and have a snack outdoors. However, it is incomparably more pleasant to gather with the whole family at the dinner table in a beautiful gazebo that will shelter from the wind and rain.

A gazebo is a simple and inexpensive structure. Several support posts, a pair of slate or OSB sheets for the roof, a light protective screen made of lining or boards along the contour. Here is the minimum required set of materials and designs.

For construction, you can. It will give the gazebo an original oval shape and protect the backs of people present in it from blowing.

The gazebo is very often combined with a barbecue or barbecue area, getting a comfortable summer kitchen and a comfortable recreation area under one roof.

Summer shower

If you can wait with the utility block, then it is impossible to do without a summer shower at the summer cottage. By installing a 200-liter barrel on the racks and surrounding it with a picturesque planed-board structure, you can splash around in warm water every day.

For lovers ready-made solutions showers made of polycarbonate with a flat tank are offered, the assembly of which takes a matter of hours.

Country exotic - swimming pool

Landscaping of a summer cottage usually ends with a decorative reservoir. However, on 6 acres, you can place a larger structure - a pool. It can be built near the gazebo, complementing and expanding the existing recreation area. The arrangement of a bathing pond with a bath is also quite justified. In this case, a whole complex for summer water procedures will appear on the site.

In addition to pleasant relaxation and fun entertainment, the pool humidifies the air on the site, relieving it of excessive dryness, and serves as a source of heated water for irrigating plants. Optimal dimensions suburban pools are in the range from 4 to 6 meters with a variable depth of the bowl from 0.5 to 1.4 meters.

Modern technologies for the construction of a swimming pool are based on two options: a film shell, laid on the ground, and a monolithic concrete bowl. To maintain cleanliness and eliminate blooming, water must be periodically passed through a filter unit. To protect against dust and foliage, the pool can be covered with a light polycarbonate canopy.

You can avoid unnecessary worries and costs for the construction of a summer cottage by purchasing from a durable polymer film. After summer use for the winter, it is disassembled and stored in a barn.

When choosing the optimal distance from the building (house, bathhouse, gazebo) to the pool, you need to take into account the size of paths, lawns, flower trellises that will be located between them.

Toilet and shower

It makes no sense to single out the toilet as a separate building if you do not want to become the object of neighbors' jokes. It is best to interlock it with the shower by building light wooden or brick walls under a pitched roof on which a container for heating water will stand.

If there is no running water at the dacha, then the toilet is built according to the "backlash" system, placing a cesspool under it. In addition, it is very practical to use a standard dry closet or peat toilet.

Smokehouse - dacha "startup"

Anyone who wants to master the skill of smoking and please loved ones with fragrant balyk should take care of building a special stove. With small volumes of smoking, it can be placed directly in the attic by cutting into the existing chimney of the heating stove.

If we are talking about the semi-commercial use of the smokehouse, then a separate place will have to be allocated for it. This must be done so that the distance between residential buildings and the smoking area is large enough (10-15 meters) and covered with green spaces. In this case, the smoke will not bother neighbors and your household.

Garage

It is very difficult to imagine a modern summer resident without a personal car. However, one can argue about the advisability of erecting a capital shelter for the car. A garage in the country is needed only in two cases: if you spend the winter in a country house, as well as in a difficult crime situation on the array. In this case, the protection of the car with a roof and walls is a must.

In summer, it is best to park your car under a light polycarbonate or slate canopy. By the way, it is this storage method that is recognized as optimal from the point of view of protecting the body from corrosion.

Garages in summer cottages today are built not only from red brick, but also from lightweight aerated concrete blocks and wooden beams. A prefabricated garage made from light steel panels is not a bad option. At the same time, do not forget to insulate it well from the inside so that in summer it does not turn into an oven, and in winter into a refrigerator.

If the country house has not yet been built, then placing a garage in the basement would be an excellent option.

Plan the size of your garage at least 6 by 3 meters. In this case, you will have enough space to accommodate a summer cottage workshop.

Greenhouses and hotbeds

These facilities are essential for anyone seriously involved in floriculture and early vegetable cultivation.

A long-lasting greenhouse will provide the family with vitamin products during the period of its spring deficit, and seedlings and flowers can always be profitably sold on the market.

Sheds and woodsheds

Even the most careless owner is unlikely to store garden tools in the house. Therefore, you need to build a barn at your summer cottage. It can not only store agricultural tools, but also store hay and animal feed.

The country shed should not be too big. The size of 3 x 4 meters in the plan with a gable roof, under which the attic will fit - that's all that is needed for the rational storage of household items.

You can do it right in the barn, or you can attach it to it, covering it with a canopy.

Optimal constructive scheme shed and woodshed - wooden frame. It requires a minimum of material, and with good insulation, it allows you to use a shed for keeping pets (rabbits, chickens, quails or nutria).

Buildings for animals

Keeping horses, cows or pigs in the country is not an option for a small-sized land plot... The current sanitary standards strictly regulate the total number of animals that can be kept in the summer cottage.

For example, the number of chickens should not exceed 40, and the number of rabbits should not exceed 20. Moreover, it is not allowed to keep these two breeds of animals at the same time. Otherwise, according to the law, you will have to re-register the dacha as a farm. Given the limited area of ​​the site, this is unrealistic.

There are no special problems with rabbits and quails. These are animals of open-air cages, so they will be quite comfortable in special cages with centralized feeding and manure removal. For chickens, you will have to make not only a dry and warm barn with perches and places for laying eggs, but also take care of a spacious range.

Site planning largely depends on the areas to be fitted into the landscape and on the size of the area. In each case, the division is individual. But conditionally, you can make a division into the most common zones: residential, for recreation, utility structures, garden and vegetable garden.

The size of each zone is planned based on the total area of ​​the site. With proper zoning, up to 20% is allocated to a residential area, no more than 15% to household structures, a vegetable garden and a garden occupy about 65-75% of the territory.

When breaking down the territory of the site, a number of basic rules and recommendations should be taken into account:

• Initially, it is worth considering where the house and facilities for household needs will be located. Usually, the central or lateral front part of the site is allocated for the house, and the buildings are placed in the background. They can be decorated with decorative shade-loving plants and flowers.
• The recreation area should be laid out conveniently and in an accessible place. Given the area, this area can be scattered or compact. Here you should also consider a place for children to play.
• The area for the garden is selected illuminated, on the sunny side. Structures should not cast a shadow over the beds.
• If a bathhouse and a swimming pool are planned, then it is advisable to place them closer to the fence. This will save a significant part of the area.

There are a lot of options for breaking down a summer cottage, but each depends on the shape of the territory: rectangular, triangular, L-shaped or square.

The comfort of the owners of the future home largely depends on a well-thought-out layout plan. An apartment building needs to be designed to be a cozy sanctuary filled with pleasant sensations and a sense of security and relaxation. We should not forget about the norms established by laws on the distance of buildings and trees from the borders of neighboring sites.

When planning the placement of a residential building on a small area, you should take into account the aesthetic point of view:

• the house itself is recommended to be located in the foreground, which will prevent fragmentation of the territory into small zones and increase the functionality of the area
• on the outside of the plot, leave a place for a garage and a parking space
• it is better to build farm buildings in the back of the yard
• the most suitable place behind the house is selected for the recreation area

You should also take into account external factors: will there be neighbors nearby, how close the roadway is and from which side the sun rises. For a residential building, the south or southeast side is better.

When planning the layout of rooms, many people prefer to have south-facing windows. In this case, the rooms will be bright and sunny. If there is a desire to create twilight, for example, in the bedroom, then its windows should be placed on the north side.

If you take into account not only your preferences, but also the peculiarities of nature, then you can achieve the greatest comfort while living in a properly built house.

The children's room should be located away from the roadway. This will maximize silence and reduce dust intrusion. Particular attention should be paid to the location of the kitchen. Firstly, so that soot, grease and dampness from steam does not spread throughout the living area. And secondly, the garden and children's play area should be visible from the window. You should also provide for an autonomous exit, which will be convenient during the preparation of blanks and when organizing picnics and outdoor feasts.

It is not worth building a house close to the roadway. It is advisable to maintain a distance of at least five meters. The location of the rooms should be considered, taking into account the cardinal points and wind loads of the area. This will determine how warm it will be in the premises. Experts advise keeping the bedrooms for adults and the kitchen cooler, and the nursery and playrooms warmer.

The location of neighboring houses should also be taken into account. This way you can adjust the house more comfortably and avoid unwanted miscalculations.

Legislative norms on the remoteness of the house from the borders of the neighboring plot:

• a residential building should be three meters away from neighbors
• utility structures - by one meter
• the trunks of tall trees - four meters, medium - two meters, shrubs - one meter
• all buildings that are one meter away from neighbors must have a roof slope inside their yard

Today, the design of a house is often coordinated with the architectural service. Without such approval, you can earn a substantial fine or an order to demolish buildings. Such rules significantly limit the flight of imagination and bind hands.

When placing utility structures, you should rely on the current construction standards, which you should familiarize yourself with in advance. If you ignore at least one of them, you can earn difficulties with the subsequent legalization of such buildings or get a decree on the demolition or rebuilding of structures.

The main standards for the placement of structures at a summer cottage are:

1. The fence at the border of the plots should be lattice or mesh with a height of one and a half meters, which will not shade the neighboring territory. A blank fence can be installed by agreement with neighbors. A two-meter fence can be installed from the side of the road.
2. The fire-prevention distance between buildings on the same site can be any.
3. Household structures must be located at least five meters from the street and the entrance.

The remoteness of a residential building:

• from the latrine, cattle or poultry house should not be less than 12 meters;
• from a bath or shower - 8 meters.

Such rules apply to any area of ​​the site. And if you have only 5 acres at your disposal, then you will need to try to comply with all the requirements. After all, ignoring such can lead to problems during official registration.

For aesthetic reasons, outbuildings should be positioned so that they are not conspicuous. If there is no way to hide them from the gaze of passers-by, then you can try to fit the buildings into the big picture with the help of decor.

The recreation area is given a special place in the design of the suburban area. It is planned taking into account the preferences of the owner: some like active games and noisy feasts, others prefer to enjoy a picnic with barbecue and barbecue, and still others just want to enjoy nature. If you try, then any ideas can be realized.

The location plays an important role in the arrangement of the zone for comfortable rest.

When deciding where to place this cozy corner, you should take into account some rules:

• The presence of the sun. Some people like to have a lot of sunshine, others prefer partial shade. In any case, you should not allow the sun to shine in your eyes.
• Direction of the wind. You should not have a recreation area on the leeward side. If this recommendation cannot be observed, then you should take care of protection from northern winds, for example, build a gazebo.
• Privacy. To hide from the prying eyes of neighbors, you can install decorative elements: a hedge or interesting landscape ideas.

The options for arranging the territory for recreation can be very diverse. Much depends on the imagination of the owners and the area of ​​the site. So the recreation area can be placed:

• In the courtyard, having organized a small patio. Around you can plant ornamental plants, arrange an artificial reservoir or build a small light fence. The site itself can be tiled and suitable furniture installed.
• Under the barbecue. It is possible to install a barbecue or barbecue near the house. By installing benches and a table in this area, you can achieve a cozy atmosphere. Beautiful lanterns placed on tree branches or other supports will add a festive mood.
• Rest near the reservoir. An artificial pond with a fountain located in the recreation area and beautiful benches or swings located near it can add a romantic touch to gray everyday life. A place like this brings calm and a sense of relaxation. And if you add decorative elements: plant an alpine hill or hedge, place cute figurines of animals or fairy-tale heroes, then such a zone will become a favorite place for children to play.
• Alcove. The most expensive, but at the same time and the most reliable way is to equip a recreation area. Inside, you can place a table, chairs, armchairs or sofas, arrange beautiful lighting and install a brazier. The walls of the gazebo can be decorated with a log house, artificial stone or ornamental plants and flowers in pots.
• Relax in the garden. The layout of a cozy corner with a pond and sun loungers in the garden area allows you to relax in the bosom of nature without leaving your own yard. In addition, this option does not require additional decor. Unless, you can take care of artificial lighting.

Furniture for the recreation area is selected individually, based on certain preferences. Interior items can be forged, wicker, wood or stone. Also, it will not be superfluous to have additional accessories: blankets, pillows, sculptures, lanterns or garlands.

By the way, when planning a playground, you should make sure that it is not in a draft and is clearly visible by adults.

Before planting a garden, you need to carefully study the soil and determine if it is suitable for plants. If the land is unsuitable, then it should be supplemented with the necessary components: sand, black earth, peat, or replaced completely. The main thing is that the root system has enough nutrition.

The next step is the selection of trees. In this case, one should take into account the climatic features of this region:

• Apple, cherry plum and are considered the most resistant fruit trees. They are able to adapt to any region and are not particularly sensitive to temperature conditions. And fruiting occurs almost annually.
• and refer to thermophilic trees that do not tolerate cold and rainy springs and rarely bear fruit or die in regions with an unstable and cold climate.
• Trees do not tolerate the nearby groundwater and quickly wither away without reclamation. Damp weather promotes early cracking and rotting of fruits.

In order not to be mistaken with the choice of trees, you need to take into account the expected fruiting. Do not clutter up the site with useless trees. It is better to plant those that will benefit.

Placing garden beds

The garden on the site can be planned in any shape, the main thing is that it is convenient to move around with inventory or a wheelbarrow. However, there are general laws and principles that must be reckoned with in order for the beds to bring a good harvest:

• All vegetable crops prefer sunny locations. only a few can put up with partial shade. Therefore, near the fence or in the shade of the house, you can plant only onions on a feather and some.
• Coexistence of different cultures. It is necessary to take into account which vegetables tolerate each other's neighborhood. To do this, before landing, you should familiarize yourself with these features.
• Accounting for predecessors. Will the plant be able to develop in the place of another culture. And you shouldn't plant the same vegetables in the same place for several years.
• Maximum use of the garden area. Some of the beds can be placed under the trees. For this, the trunks are protected and fertile soil is poured.
• If there is not enough space, then vegetables can be planted in places where sunlight is observed from lunch to dusk.
• Do not plant garden crops in areas with drafts and stagnant moisture.
• The beds should be raised to a height of thirty centimeters, by filling in fertile soil and edging with curbs.
• It is recommended to grow crops prone to weaving in round beds with a frame pyramid in the center. They will braid the support and will not take up much space.

Adherence to all the rules and recommendations will help to plan the site competently. As a result, it will be possible to create a plot that meets all the needs of family members, taking into account their wishes. On such a site, it will be possible to fully relax after a working day and receive guests.

More information can be found in the video: