Profit before tax calculation on the balance sheet. Profit. Profit calculation. Let's count what's left

In this case, equality must be observed: Line 2300 “Profit (loss) before taxation = Balance of account 99 on the analytical account of accounting profit (loss) The indicator of line 2300 “Profit (loss) before taxation” (for the same reporting period of the previous year) is transferred from the Report on financial results for this reporting period of the previous year. An example of filling in line 2300 “Profit (loss) before taxation” Indicator on account 99, analytical account for accounting profit (loss): rub. Balance at the end of the reporting period (December 31, 2014) Amount 1 2 1. On the credit of account 99, analytical account for accounting for accounting profit (loss) 11,415,375 Indicators for the lines of the Statement of Financial Results for 2014: thousand rubles. Indicator Amount 1 2 1. Line 2200 “Profit (loss) from sales” 8121 2. Line 2310 “Income from participation in other organizations” 5460 3.

How is profit before tax calculated (formula)?

Cost and Non-Production Expenses To determine operating profit, you must first subtract the cost of goods or services from the total revenue. To do this, you need to clearly separate which expenses are related to the cost.

• PBU 9/99 "Income of the organization";
• PBU 10/99 "Expenses of the organization";
• Art. 248, 252 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, etc.

The cost, according to the general rules, includes:

• salaries for staff;
• contributions to insurance funds;
• costs for raw materials, components, materials, etc.;
• equipment depreciation;
• communal payments;
• rent payment, etc.

Non-manufacturing costs are part of the cost.

Profit before tax

Salary for April: do not make a mistake in the date of transfer of personal income tax due to the May holidays This year, the first "portion" of the May holidays will last 4 days (from April 29 to May 2 inclusive). If your company has a pay day on the 1st or 2nd, you will have to pay your April salary ahead of schedule - April 28th.

On the same day, you need to withhold personal income tax.< … Трудовые книжки: правила меняются Минтруд подготовил проект приказа, который должен утвердить обновленные правила ведения и хранения трудовых книжек.

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Main page → Accounting advice → Income tax Actual as of May 23, 2016

Profit before tax: calculation formula

Operating profit is taken into account for the following purposes:

• determine how much is net profit;
• be able to distribute profits among the founders of the organization;
• correctly determine income tax and other payments that cannot be avoided (fines, loans, liabilities, etc.);
• if possible, compensate for expenses or losses;
• add the amount to the accumulative part of income (with a positive balance);
• track additional income that is not related to production;
• optimize costs for the future.

Loss before tax If the operating profit obtained is negative, it means that the expenses exceeded the financial receipts, that is, there is a loss. From the point of view of economic theory, this is the same indicator, only with a different sign, but for an enterprise the difference is enormous.

Balance sheet profit and its calculation formula

Info

The English abbreviation for gross profit is COGS ("cost of goods sold"). Gross profit and operating profit are different concepts.

1. income tax.
2. fines.
3. Credit payments.
4. Fine.

Gross profit is calculated as net income minus the cost of goods. Calculation of profit (loss) before tax The amount that is obtained from the calculation of gross profit minus the total amount of non-production expenses. These include:

• marketing costs;
• administrative;
• managerial.

This type of income has the second name "operating profit". It is calculated to cover the fixed operating costs of the organization, taking into account any loans, leasing (operational and financial).

Profit before tax formula

On this page:

• Profit before tax - all terms
• Cost and non-manufacturing costs
• Operating profit accounting functions
• Loss before tax
• Formulas for calculating profit before tax
• Accounting report on profit before tax

Any enterprise is profitable only if its activities are profitable. Profit accounting is one of the most important accounting operations, since it indicates economic efficiency and a positive result of the organization's work.

Even if the organization is not commercial, where profit is a priority, income records are still kept.

Profit (loss) before tax. line 2300

Determine the profit (loss) before tax Calculation of this indicator is made as follows: *In case of a loss on sales for the calculation of profit (loss) before tax, the value of the loss on sales is taken with a "-" sign. If, as a result of the calculation, a negative value is obtained, indicating that the organization's activities are unprofitable, then this indicator must be reflected in brackets. Current income tax: formula For reflection in the Statement of Financial Results, the amount of income tax according to the formula is not determined, but is transferred from line 180 of Sheet 02 of the income tax declaration (approved by Order of the Federal Tax Service of Russia dated November 26, 2014 N ММВ-7-3 /) for the reporting year.
This indicator is shown in parentheses in the Report.

Registration

These are the expenses that have to be made to sell already manufactured products:

• the cost of packaging, packaging, packaging;
• warehouse storage costs;
• the cost of transporting goods;
• payment for loading and unloading;
• commissions paid to marketing organizations;
• advertising investments;
• administrative expenses, etc.

Functions of accounting for operating profit The figure that appears in the financial report is not just an abstract indicator of the abstract concept of "success". Many factors depend on it, which are reflected in the monetary issues of the company.

Line 2320 “Interest receivable” 281 4. Line 2330 “Interest payable” (607) 5. Line 2340 “Other income” 1131 6. Line 2350 “Other expenses” (2971) Fragment of the Statement of financial results for 2013

Explanations Indicator name Code For 2013 For 2012 1 2 3 4 5 Profit (loss) before taxation 2300 16 176 2383 Solution Accounting profit for the reporting period is: rub. (8121 thousand rubles + 5460 thousand rubles + 281 thousand rubles - 607 thousand rubles + 1131 thousand rubles - 2971 thousand rubles); 2) determined on the basis of accounting data - 11,415 thousand rubles. A fragment of the Statement of Financial Results will look as follows.

Explanations Indicator name Code For 2014 For 2013

Profit before tax balance calculation formula

The full calculation formula is as follows: Profit (loss) from sales + Income from participation in other organizations - Interest payable + Interest receivable + Other income - Other expenses = Profit (loss) before tax. The total amounts must be entered in line 2300 of the said Report. In itself, profit is also an object on which a tax is imposed, the payment of which is mandatory. Income is calculated differently for Russian and foreign enterprises and organizations, regardless of whether they are included in tax consolidation or not. Business without investments: step by step. Women's business - where to start? Read about special tax regimes in Russia. Definition of net profit Net profit is the share of funds received by an enterprise or organization, which remains at the free disposal of the company.
The main accounting document is the Statement of Financial Results. Counting is mandatory for all types of organizations for a number of reasons:

• to determine the exact amount of net profit and distribute it among the participants;
• to calculate the taxes to be paid;
• to compensate for losses in whole or in part;
• to rationalize costs in the future;
• to calculate the accumulated income of the enterprise;
• to account for all third-party ancillary revenues;
• for the correct payment of credits / loans, if any.

What are the objects of taxation? Accounting reporting: basic requirements. How to write a business plan for a beauty salon? Read here. Definition of gross profit Gross profit is the total difference between the actual revenue of an enterprise or organization and the cost of goods or services.
BP = GP - CE - ME - OE + OR, where BP (balance profit) - balance sheet profit, rubles; GP (gross profit) - gross profit, rub.; CE (commercial expenses) - commercial expenses, rubles; ME (management expenses) - management expenses, rubles; OE (other expenses) - other expenses, rubles; OR (other revenue) – other income, rub. Calculation formula for the balance For the purpose of calculation, the data of the statement of financial results are taken. The formula for finding balance sheet profit is as follows: 2300 \u003d line 2110 - (line 2120 + line 2210 + line 2220) + line 2340 - line 2350, where line 2300 is balance sheet profit, rubles; line 2110 - revenue, rubles; (line 2120 + line 2210 + line 2220) - total cost, rub. line 2340 - other income, rubles; line 2350 - other expense, rub. In terms of gross profit, the calculation according to financial statements will be as follows: 2300 = page 2100 - page 2210 - page 2220 + page 2340 - page

All commercial organizations strive to get the maximum profit, since it is its value that determines how effective and successful the company's policy is. Profit before tax is exactly the indicator, the calculation of which is necessary to assess the real result of economic activity.

We will discuss what profit before tax is and in which accounting documents it is present, and also consider the formula for calculating it and a good example.

Profit before tax is...

The phrase speaks for itself: profit is the cumulative positive result of the company's activities; before tax - until the moment of payment of income tax. The point is that you need to determine the figure by which income exceeds expenses excluding tax. Although, of course, no one is immune from the occurrence of a situation where there is no profit, but there is a loss (of course, its value should also be clarified).

The calculation of profit (loss) before tax is needed for several important reasons:

• Any organization needs to calculate the amount of net profit in order to distribute it among the participants, if necessary, and this is not feasible without calculating the indicator in question.
• Profit before tax allows you to determine the tax base and calculate the tax that needs to be paid. Of course, today any company can easily find out everything about its debts (for example, it is carried out on several Internet portals), but you should not bring it to this.
• If a company has suffered misfortune in the form of a loss, then it is important to know the amount of compensation.
• Rationalization, that is, a smooth decrease in future costs, is possible only if the company has the opportunity to fully evaluate the results of its economic activities.
• Based on the calculated profit before tax, sales can subsequently be determined, which is sometimes called an indicator of the organization's pricing policy, as it shows the effectiveness of the work.
• The indicator is often used to calculate various ratios that illustrate the state of affairs of the company.

Important: accounting for profit before tax is mandatory reflected in the accounting documents of the company, namely in the Statement of Financial Results. If a positive calculation result is obtained, then the amount is profit; when the figure is negative, the company faced a loss, which is indicated in the report in parentheses (-). Proper execution and reporting allows the company, although for a start the accountant of the enterprise should be well understood.

Profit before tax formula

The formula for calculating profit before tax looks rather cumbersome, so it is best to present the process of calculating the indicator in the form of several stages.

Calculation of gross profit or loss

Gross profit (loss) is the difference between the revenue that the company received and the cost of goods sold (or services rendered).

It must be borne in mind that the cost of goods sold for trade and manufacturing enterprises is calculated differently. For example, wages of employees can be classified as both direct and indirect costs. Usually, the company's accounting policy clearly defines how the cost is calculated.

The formula for calculating gross profit is as follows:

Important: It is worth remembering that the result can be both positive (profit) and negative (loss).

Calculating sales profit (or loss)

In terms of the terminology used in the Statement of Financial Performance, sales profit is practically equivalent to operating profit and is the difference between gross profit and operating expenses (sales and administrative expenses).

The formula for calculating profit (loss on sales):

Important: when the company has received a gross loss, the calculated value of losses is substituted in the presented formula with a minus sign. Also, we must not forget that the negative result of the calculation of profit from sales is reflected in parentheses.

Calculation of profit before tax (or loss)

The final touch - the definition of directly profit before tax is as follows:

Important: as in the previous case, if the company received a loss on sales, then its amount is entered into the formula with a minus sign. When the result of calculating profit (loss) before tax becomes a negative value, this indicates unprofitable and ill-conceived economic activities of the organization. The loss in the accounting report is written in brackets.

Since the indicator in question is present in the Statement of Financial Results () - let's present the formula in a different form, based on the line codes in the document:

Profit before tax (line 2300)= Profit (loss) from sales (line 2200) + Income from participation in other organizations (line 2310) + Interest receivable (line 2320) - Interest payable (line 2330) + Other income (line 2340) - Other expenses (2350) ).

Often the question arises - what applies to other income and expenses? In fact, there is no definite answer, since each organization indicates these points in its accounting policy in accordance with existing legislation. For example, let's discuss. If a company owns land, it must pay tax. How to account for such an expense? You should be guided by PBU 1/2008, which clearly states: the organization has the right to independently decide, based on its specifics and focus, where to include the amount of land tax paid. Some consider it in other expenses, while others - in the costs of ordinary activities.

Important: when determining the income and expenses required for the formula, one should refer to the legislation - PBU 9/99 “Income of the organization” and PBU 10/99 “Expenses of the organization”.

Example of calculating profit before tax

For clarity, let's consider an example - below is a fragment of the Statement of Financial Results:

The report shows the calculations made:

• Gross profit= 151033 - 142197 = 8836 thousand rubles.
• Revenue from sales= 8836 - 5826 - 1585 = 1425 thousand rubles.
• Profit before tax= 1425 +18 + 20 - 6 + 219 - 195 = 1481 thousand rubles.

Advice: if the profit does not please you, then it is worth doing financial analysis - calculate, turnover, liquidity, etc. This will allow you to draw conclusions about the state of affairs, on the basis of which you can develop a new strategy aimed at increasing sales and increasing profits.

Summing up

The calculation of profit before tax usually does not bring any special difficulties to accountants, if the accounting policy of the enterprise clearly defines what is included in the cost of products or services and which items are included in other income and expenses.

The indicator under discussion allows you to further calculate the amount of income tax, however, you need to understand that tax and accounting are different, so there are situations when you cannot simply multiply profit before tax by the tax rate to get the payment amount. In this case, you need to refer to PBU 18/02 “Accounting for income tax settlements”.

This line reflects information on profit (loss) before taxation (accounting profit (loss) of the organization) (clause 79 of the Regulation on accounting and financial statements).

The value of this line is determined by adding the indicators of lines 2200 “Profit (loss) from sales”, 2310 “Income from participation in other organizations”, 2320 “Interest receivable” and 2340 “Other income” and subtracting from the resulting sum the indicators of lines 2330 “Interest payable" and 2350 "Other expenses". If as a result the organization received a negative value (loss), then it is shown in the Statement of Financial Results in parentheses.

The value of line 2300 "Profit (loss) before tax" should be equal to the difference between the total debit and credit turnover on account 99 "Profit and Loss" in correspondence with accounts 90 "Sales", sub-account 90-9 "Profit / loss from sales", and 91 "Other income and expenses", sub-account 91-9 "Balance of other income and expenses". A credit balance on account 99, an analytical account for accounting for accounting profit (loss), means that the organization has made a profit, and a debit one indicates a loss. This balance is made up of profits and losses from ordinary activities and other income and expenses (Instructions for the use of the Chart of Accounts). The debit balance (loss received) is shown in the Statement of Financial Performance in parentheses.

In this case, the equality must be observed:

Line 2300 “Profit (loss) before tax = Balance of account 99 on the analytical account for accounting profit (loss)

Line 2300 "Profit (loss) before tax" (for the same reporting period of the previous year) is transferred from the Statement of Financial Results for this reporting period of the previous year.

Example of filling line 2300"Profit (loss) before tax"

Indicator on account 99, analytical account for accounting profit (loss): rub.

Indicators for the lines of the Statement of Financial Results for 2014: thousand rubles.

Fragment of the Statement of Financial Results for 2013

Solution

Accounting profit for the reporting period is:

1) determined on the basis of the data of the Statement of financial results - 11,415 thousand rubles. (8121 thousand rubles + 5460 thousand rubles + 281 thousand rubles - 607 thousand rubles + 1131 thousand rubles - 2971 thousand rubles);

2) determined on the basis of accounting data - 11,415 thousand rubles.

A fragment of the Statement of Financial Results will look as follows.

Profit before tax is one of the most important indicators of financial management. When it comes to budgeting, this is the amount over which the CEO is still free to make decisions, while the owner controls the net profit. When it comes to reporting, profit before tax is already a fait accompli - an indicator of the company's performance and the basis for calculating income tax for an accountant. For banks and investors, this is an indicator of the company's ability to service new loans and debt securities.

The essence of the indicator

Profit before tax is the difference between the income from all activities and all expenses of the business, including interest expenses, depreciation and taxes paid regardless of the company's income. Income tax is not included in this figure.

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To make sure that profit (loss) before tax is correct, consider the procedure for forming profit (loss) before tax and recalculate the total amount of this indicator.

How to evaluate the order of formation of profit or loss before tax

In order to assess the procedure for the formation of profit (loss) before tax in the income statement, it is necessary to consider the primary documents for, as well as study its accounting policy, auditors' opinions and legal requirements for the same dates.

The value of the indicator can also be checked against the accounts. In particular, the indicator of line 2300 should be equal to the difference between the debit and credit turnover on the account

A credit balance on account 99 indicates that the company has made a profit, and a debit balance indicates a loss. This balance is made up of profits and losses from core activities and other income and expenses. If the company has a debit balance (loss received), then the indicator in parentheses should be reflected in the income statement in line 2300.

Therefore, when checking the accounting of profit (loss) before tax, it is important to make sure that line 2300 of the income statement shows the correct amount. The fact that all losses and profits are taken into account correctly, and that the amount of this indicator is indicated with the correct sign (plus or minus), and also coincides with the balance of the account 99 and . If significant errors or distortions were made in the formation of this indicator, this may cause an increase in losses (or a decrease in profits) in the reporting period. This means incorrect values ​​of the company's profitability and its rate of return.

Calculation of profit (loss) before tax is one of the main processes of accounting financial calculations. Profit is one of the most important economic indicators of the enterprise.

Commercial are those organizations where making a profit is the main task. Those companies for which income is not a priority are non-profit.

Why is the final result of the organization / enterprise activity calculated?

Accounting for profits, income and consumables are reflected in the documentation, the responsibility for which lies with the accountant of the organization. The main accounting document is the Statement of Financial Results.

Counting is mandatory for all types of organizations for a number of reasons:

• to determine the exact amount of net profit and distribute it among the participants;
• to calculate the taxes to be paid;
• to compensate for losses in whole or in part;
• to rationalize costs in the future;
• to calculate the accumulated income of the enterprise;
• to account for all third-party ancillary revenues;
• for the correct payment of credits / loans, if any.

How to Determine Gross Profit

Gross profit is the total difference between the actual revenue of an enterprise or organization and the cost of goods or services.

The English abbreviation for gross profit is COGS ("cost of goods sold").

Gross profit and operating profit are different concepts. The second includes the amount before payment:

1. income tax.
2. fines.
3. Credit payments.
4. Fine.

Gross profit is calculated as net income minus the cost of goods.

How to Calculate Profit/Loss Before Tax

The amount that comes from calculating gross profit minus total non-manufacturing expenses. These include:

• marketing costs;
• administrative;
• managerial.

This type of income has the second name "operating profit". It is calculated to cover the fixed operating costs of the organization, taking into account any loans, leasing (operational and financial).

The full calculation formula is as follows:

Profit (loss) from sales + Income from participation in other organizations - Interest payable + Interest receivable + Other income - Other expenses = Profit (loss) before tax. The total amounts must be entered in line 2300 of the said Report.

In itself, profit is also an object on which a tax is imposed, the payment of which is mandatory.

Income is calculated differently for Russian and foreign enterprises and organizations, regardless of whether they are included in tax consolidation or not.

Definition of net profit

Net profit is the share of funds received by an enterprise or organization, which remains at the free disposal of the company. It remains after all the necessary deductions for taxes, loans and expenses have been made and taken into account.

The concept of net profit is often confused with economic profit, but it is absolutely impossible to do this. Net profit is called those incomes that go to the benefit of the enterprise and directed to: investing in fixed assets, investing in the company's turnover, necessary reorganization. From which reserve funds are created and funds for working capital are increased.

Net income is calculated as follows:

Income tax expense - Income tax refunded + Extraordinary expenses - Extraordinary income + Interest that was paid - Interest received. The result is an amount equal to the value of EBIT, in the interpretation of "earnings before interest and taxes."

If we add depreciation and subtract the revaluation of assets to the amount received, we get the value of EBITDA. This indicator is used to level the impact of income tax payments, borrowed funds and non-current assets.

Use of the received financial result

In financial calculations, there are several basic concepts called absolute. These terms include the aforementioned EBIT, EBITDA, net income and operating income.

The result clearly shows where the company could save money, where it took an extra loan, and where it would not hurt to add funds and invest in development so that future income increases.

All data must be entered in the Report, which also stores information on the amount accumulated by the enterprise for the entire period of work. Despite the seemingly extreme clarity of the very term “profit”, in practice there are a huge number of controversial situations when it is not clear whether this or that payment is included in the calculations.

Video: how to calculate the difference and summarize financial results

More information about compiling a financial results report - how to correctly calculate and calculate, determine the balance, is described in this video:

Particular attention should be paid to the calculation of compensation payments for municipal organizations, since the amount received was paid by the owner of the enterprise. Such funds are part of the income and cannot be marked as targeted funding. That is, they are also subject to tax.

Summing up, it is worth noting that the concept of "profit" has many sub-items: gross, net, operating; before and after taxes and other expenses. All these concepts, despite the obvious similarity, should be clearly distinguished in order to avoid errors in regulatory documents, including the Statement of Financial Results.