Consolidated budget of the Russian Federation
In Russia, it was determined as the main financial document of the country for 2016. The main components of the budget are savings budget funds, indexation of pensions, adaptation to the new reality of the world economy, the fight against the “Dutch disease”.
The Russian federal budget for 2016 is planned with a deficit of 2.8% of GDP versus 3.0% in 2015, and in absolute terms - 2.2 trillion. RUR (34.4 billion USD). Income Russian treasury expected at 13.6 trillion. RUR (214.4 billion USD), expenses - 15.7 trillion. RUR (248.9 billion USD). From next year Russian government temporarily switches to a one-year rather than three-year budget. In addition, the budget rule, which involves linking average price for oil in a few years.
The Russian budget for 2016 is calculated based on the oil price of 50 USD per barrel, the average annual dollar exchange rate of 63.3 RUR, the growth of gross internal product by 0.7%, as well as annual inflation at 6.4%.
The main source of financing the budget deficit will be Reserve fund, which is formed from federal budget revenues from the production and export of oil and gas and is designed to ensure that the state fulfills its spending obligations in the event of a decrease in oil and gas revenues. From this fund, about 1.9 trillion is planned to be spent in 2016 to cover the deficit. RUR. As of October 1 of this year, it contained 4.67 trillion. RUR (70.5 billion USD).
Of the 14 main items of federal budget spending, the reduction will affect 6. Thus, compared to 2015, allocations for education will decrease by 7.9%, for healthcare - by 10.9%, and defense - by 7.2%. Costs for physical culture and sports, as well as means mass media. But the largest cuts are expected in the housing and communal services sector - by 41.4%, as follows from the materials of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, which are cited by Russian publications.
Growth is expected for other budget items. In particular, the costs of national economy will increase by 11.7%, social policy- by 5.2%, intergovernmental transfers will grow by 6.1%.
Deficit of the consolidated budget of Russia (includes federal, regional, local budgets and off-budget funds) in 2016 is expected to reach 3.8% of GDP versus 4.6% this year. Its revenues are planned at 27.5 trillion. RUR, or 35.1% of GDP (35.8% in 2015), expenses - 30.5 trillion. RUR, or 38.9% of GDP (40.4% in 2015). Functionally, the expenditure part of the budget system in 2016 will remain virtually unchanged compared to 2015.
To curb spending in the regions, the financial department proposes to legislatively limit their size starting next year. budget deficit no more than 10% of income excluding transfers. To prevent territories from getting carried away with borrowing, it is proposed to introduce into the Budget Code their obligation to formulate a debt policy for a period of at least three years and submit this document to the Ministry of Finance.
FOR pensioners in the Russian Federation as a whole, to determine the amount of the federal social supplement to pensions for 2016, it is set in the budget at 8,803 RUR (139 USD), which is 22.9% higher than the previous value.
One of the most controversial issues during the preparation of the budget was the indexation of pensions. The Ministry of Finance proposed to index the pensions of Russians next year once by 4% (in February 2016) and to refuse to increase payments to working pensioners, as well as officials, judges and military personnel. In turn, the government’s social bloc insisted on indexing pensions in full - to the level of inflation, which at the end of 2015 is expected to be within 12.2%. As a result, apparently, a compromise option was chosen: to carry out two indexations of pensions by 4%. Although this will still not be enough to compensate for rising prices, which is expected to lead to a decrease in the standard of living of pensioners.
Also in 2016, the moratorium on transfers will be extended again pension savings to non-state pension funds. As a result, 342 billion RUR (about 5.4 billion USD) of “frozen” funds will be reserved in the federal budget and will be used for current consumption (i.e., “getting into the pockets” of future pensioners to pay current ones).
Russian Finance Minister Anton Siluanov believes that in Russia now there is no crisis situation, but a new economic reality, and therefore it is necessary to think about how to live in new conditions. “Structural changes have occurred in the world economy, and Russia must also respond to this with structural changes and adaptation to the new reality,” noted A. Siluanov at a government hour in the State Duma on September 23, 2015. At the same time, it is the budget, in his opinion, that should become the tool that sets the investment agenda for the entire economy. And this requires a number of measures.
In the next three years, the Russian Ministry of Finance intends to reduce the budget deficit to a level that can be financed by market borrowing in an amount that does not lead to crowding out private investment. The current size of the deficit (at about 3.0% of GDP), according to A. Siluanov, is very high for the Russian economy in conditions of external restrictions and closedness financial markets. Maintaining the deficit at current levels threatens to increase inflation - the so-called tax on the poor - and maintain a high level of interest rates- future tax the economic growth, says the head of the financial department.
The Ministry of Finance also intends to gradually reduce the share of current budget expenditures. Efficiency social spending, which occupy the largest share in the structure of the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation, remains low, believes A. Siluanov. The principle of need does not apply; pension payments have ceased to be a payment associated with a person’s loss of ability to work, but have actually begun to play a role social benefits upon reaching a certain age. In this regard, according to the head of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to urgently resolve the issue of raising the retirement age. This will not only allow you to better balance pension system without increasing insurance premiums, but also to smooth out the consequences of weak demography on the number of economically active population. From such a decision Russian economy will receive a double positive effect.
According to the forecast of the Russian Ministry of Finance, oil prices will remain low in the coming years. Thus, in 2017, the department expects that the price of black gold will be at 52 USD per barrel, in 2018 - 55 USD. In September, the head of the Russian Ministry of Finance expressed the opinion that the oil price of 100 USD per barrel “is unlikely to ever return.” In this regard, Russia, as a country with a commodity economy, should, according to A. Siluanov, build budget rules based on new conditions: allocate funds to reserves additional income from oil prices above 50 USD per barrel, and to spend these funds when prices fall below this level, the main task of the new budget rules is to ensure long-term sustainable dynamics of budget expenditures, the economy, the real exchange rate of the ruble, as well as a low and stable level of interest rates, he emphasized head of the Ministry of Finance.
According to him, the Russian budget has already responded to new realities: next year the share of oil and gas revenues will fall to 43% of all budget revenues from 52% this year.
Lower oil prices, although a bitter medicine, cure the economy of the “Dutch disease” that plagued the Russian economy in last years, says A. Siluanov.
In 2016, Russian regions reduced their consolidated budgets to a deficit. From Rosstat data it follows that it exceeded 12.6 billion rubles.
Rosstat calculated the execution of consolidated budgets of the regions (the treasury of the constituent entity of the Federation together with the budgets of municipalities). At the end of last year, in general, income exceeded expenses only in Central federal district, the remaining seven districts were in deficit.
However, the overall indicator of the total budget deficit has become the minimum over the past nine years, writes in one of the reviews the director of the center for research of regional reforms of the Institute of Applied Sciences. economic research RANEPA Alexander Deryugin. According to him, this happened due to cost containment by the regions. "Regions in their budget policy stopped responding to short-term positive fluctuations in income,” states Deryugin.
According to the analyst, the improvement of these parameters had a positive impact on the dynamics of regional public debt: “So, despite some increase in its nominal volume from 2.32 trillion rubles as of January 1, 2016 to 2.35 trillion rubles as of January 1, 2017, its attitude towards the volume of regional budget revenues decreased over the same period from 36.5 to 33.8 percent, and to GDP - from 2.8 to 2.7 percent." Despite this, the total accumulated volume of public debt in poor regions remains at a high level, he warns.
According to Rosstat, the maximum consolidated budget deficit (in monetary terms) in 2016 was demonstrated by St. Petersburg - 19.32 billion rubles. Large budget deficits were noted in Krasnoyarsk Territory, Crimea, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug (KhMAO) and Udmurtia (from 7.94 billion to 15.2 billion rubles).
Compared to the revenues of regional budgets, St. Petersburg and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug have fairly small deficits - only 4.2 percent of revenues, says a senior analyst at the sovereign and regional ratings group at Analytical Credit rating agency(ACRA) Alexander Shurakov. In addition, they have a low debt burden and can “afford” a deficit budget, he believes. At the same time, for example, in Udmurtia, a high budget deficit (11.3 percent of revenues) is associated with a large accumulated debt of 48 billion rubles, adds Shurakov.
The undisputed leader in the consolidated budget surplus last year was Moscow with a result of 115.6 billion rubles, according to Rosstat data. In Bashkortostan, which took second place in this indicator, the surplus is much more modest - 10.1 billion rubles.
Also, the Moscow region became the leader in consolidated budget surpluses last year, Altai region and the Vologda region (from 4.68 billion to eight billion rubles).
The surplus for these regions (except for Moscow) resulted in an increase in the regional budgets’ own revenues (revenues from income tax, personal income tax, excise taxes), which outpaced the growth in regional expenses, says Shurakov. "In Moscow, a significant part of the surplus is due to the receipt of income from temporary deposits free funds(64 billion with a surplus of 115 billion rubles),” says the analyst. According to him, Bashkortostan and the Moscow region also partially achieved a surplus in this way.
Infographics "RG" / Mikhail Shipov / Roman Markelov
- TAX REVENUES
- PAYMENT
- TAXES
- ANALYSIS
- TAX AUTHORITIES
This article analyzes tax revenues to the budget Russian Federation for 2015-2016 analysis is an integral part of planning budget income and expenses.
- Tax planning as a method of minimizing the tax burden
- Tax control and assessment of its effectiveness at the regional level
- Modern threats to economic security in Russia
- Problems and prospects for organizing tax control as the main element of identifying tax crimes
- The role of automated programs in the tax system
IN modern world tax revenues are mandatory contributions and form the majority of budget revenues at different levels; they are the main source Money any state. Timely payment of taxes and fees affects economic security country and on the quality of life of society as a whole.
The primary task of any state, including the Russian Federation, is the development and creation of such tax system to meet all requirements. This determines the relevance of the chosen topic.
The main task of the tax authorities is to monitor compliance tax legislation, correctness and completeness of tax calculations and mandatory payments, timely payment to the budgets of various levels of the Russian Federation.
The Tax Service monitors the timeliness and completeness of payment of tax revenues. The analysis of statistical data also plays an important role in the formation of the tax system; one can draw a conclusion based on the dynamics of revenues and study the structure.
Let's consider the indicators of tax revenues in budget system Russian Federation for the period 2015-2016.
Table 1. Revenues by budget level for 2015-2016.
Based on the official data provided in the table, we can conclude that the total amount of revenues has increased since 2016 compared to 2015. The changes were:
- The consolidated budget of the Russian Federation increased by 649.6 billion, the growth rate is 105%;
- The federal budget increased by 48.6 billion rubles and the growth rate is 100.7%, not a significant increase, but this indicates good dynamics;
- There was a significant increase in revenues to the consolidated budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation; they amounted to 645.9, and the growth rate was 109.4%.
Table 2 examines in more detail the revenues to the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation for 2015-2016.
Table 2. Revenues by type of taxes to the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation for 2015 - 2016.
According to Table 2, it is clear that in general, revenues by type of taxes to the consolidated budget have a positive trend. In the article on mineral extraction tax, there was a decrease in tax revenues by 297.4 billion rubles. This may be due to changes in the volume of mined minerals, etc.
Other indicators show an increase.
To increase income tax individuals for 2015-2016 by 211.3 billion rubles, influenced by growth wages population of the Russian Federation and reduction of the shadow economy in the wage sector.
To increase income tax for 2015-2015. by 171.4 million rubles, could be influenced by factors such as an increase in export revenue, or due to positive exchange rates of the sacristies.
Value added tax by 2015-2016 increased by 209.1 billion rubles due to an increase in the tax base.
In 2016, revenues from excise taxes increased by 279.5 billion rubles, due to an increase in excise tax rates on alcohol, tobacco, petroleum products and others.
Table 3. Structure of revenues in federal budget RF.
Types of taxes |
||||||
Billion rub. |
In % of post volume. FB RF |
Billion rub. |
In % of post volume. FB RF |
Billion rub. |
In % of post volume. FB RF |
|
Total received by the federal budget |
||||||
Income tax |
||||||
Other taxes and fees |
The data in Table 3 reflects the structure of federal budget revenues over the years 2014-2016. The total receipt of funds into the federal budget from 2014 to 2015 increased by 665.9 billion rubles, and from 2015 to 2016 increased by 48.6 billion rubles. The total increase from 2014 to 2015 amounted to 714.5 billion rubles.
A significant increase in revenues in 2015 compared to 2014 was for value added tax by 267.1 billion rubles and for mineral extraction tax by 302 billion rubles. The influx of funds from other types of taxes was not significant:
- income tax increased by 80.1 billion rubles;
- excise taxes increased by 7.1 billion rubles;
- other taxes and fees increased by 9.7 billion rubles.
Comparing revenues to the federal budget in 2015 and 2016, an increase in revenues from value added tax by 209.1 billion rubles and from excise taxes by 104.3 billion rubles was revealed. For other taxes and fees, the increase amounted to 32.3 billion rubles. At the same time, for such types of taxes as income tax and mineral extraction tax, there was a decrease by 0.4 billion rubles and by 2965 billion rubles, respectively.
Carrying out an analysis of revenues to the federal budget of the Russian Federation for 2014 and 2016, one can notice that total budget revenues increased by 714.5 billion rubles.
By type of tax, the increase was:
- income tax revenues by 79.7 billion rubles;
- VAT receipts for 476 billion rubles;
- excise tax revenues amounted to 112 billion rubles;
- revenues from mineral extraction tax for 5.5 billion rubles;
- revenues from other taxes and fees amounted to 42 billion rubles.
After analyzing the data in Table No. 3, the following conclusions can be drawn. Despite the fact that in 2015 there was a decrease in federal budget revenues from income tax and mineral extraction tax, the overall picture of revenues in 2015 showed an increase in revenues compared to 2014. Comparing 2014 with 2016, there is a trend toward an increase in total revenues from taxes and fees to the federal budget of the Russian Federation.
This trend may be due to the fact that tax authorities strengthened tax control over taxpayers (on-site, desk and counter audits) and changes were made to Tax code Russian Federation.
Bibliography
- Tax Code of the Russian Federation (part one), adopted by the State Duma of the Russian Federation on July 26, 2000 and approved. Federal law No. 117-FZ dated 08/05/2000; (part two), adopted by the State Duma of the Russian Federation on July 19, 2000 and approved. Federal Law No. 117-FZ of 08/05/2000.
- Shchepotyev, A.V., Taxes and taxation: textbook. allowance / A.V. Shchepotyev, S.A. Yashin. – Tula: NOO TIEI, 2015. – 161 p.
- https://analytic.nalog.ru/portal/index.ru-RU.htm - official data from the Federal Tax Service for 2015-2016.
- https://analytic.nalog.ru/portal/index.ru-RU.htm - official data from the Federal Tax Service for 2014-2016.
- Maksyutova R.I., Mineeva V.M. Efficiency of ensuring the payment of taxes in the Russian Federation. In the collection: Innovative science And modern society. Collection of articles of the International Scientific and Practical Conference. 2014. pp. 166-169.
- Akhmetshin I.I., Mineeva V.M. Taxation in numbers. website. 2015. T. 1. No. 38. P. 213-218.