Accounting for the receipt of cash at the cash desk. Incomplete posting of cash arriving at the cashier Other cash receipts Postings
Basic cash transactions reflect cash flow Money enterprises. This is, for example, the posting of proceeds for products, settlements with accountants, payment of wages, etc. Consider specific examples how transactions are formed on the cash desk and current account.
Cash Accounting - Postings
Accounting for non-cash and cash transactions is carried out using accounts 50, 51, 52, 55, 57. These are active accounts with an increase in turnover on debit, a decrease - on credit. Analytics are used to reliably generate data on the organization's cash points, open settlement / special accounts, types of monetary documents and equivalents. The main accounting entries for the accounting of funds are collected in table No. 1.
Table No. 1. Typical transactions for settlement accounts
Debit account |
Loan account |
|
Received at the checkout from the current account - posting |
||
Loan provided to another company has been repaid |
||
The previously listed advance was returned from the supplier |
||
Loan application approved, funds received |
||
Money returned from the budget / FSS |
||
Introduced authorized capital to a bank account |
||
Payment for the products to the supplier is listed |
||
Loan to another company |
||
The previously received loan has been repaid |
||
Listed taxes to the budget (contributions for injuries to the FSS) |
||
Issued salary to employees on cards / accounts |
||
Money was given to employees for reporting to cards / accounts |
||
The bank's services for cash settlement have been written off |
The main primary source documents for maintaining current accounts are - statements, payment documents (collection, claims, orders, orders), contracts, payroll, expense reports etc.
Cashier - accounting transactions
Accounting entries on the cash register are formed with the participation of the active account. 50. The main cash transactions are collected in table No. 2.
Table No. 2. Typical transactions at the company's cash desk
Debit account |
Loan account |
|
Receipt of funds at the cash desk - postings |
||
The balance of the reporting amount returned to the cashier - posting |
||
Reflected the movement of funds between cash points |
||
Posting proceeds to the cashier - postings |
||
The advance payment previously transferred to the supplier counterparty was returned in cash |
||
Received a cash loan |
||
Reflected receipt of cash on claims |
||
Posting cash proceeds to the cashier of the organization - the posting can be carried out directly through the account. 90 |
||
Compensated for the damage caused by the culprit-employee of the company |
||
Contribution to the authorized capital in cash |
||
Surplus funds were found during the inventory; reflected exchange rate differences; organization assets sold |
||
Cash received from a branch of the company |
||
Cash withdrawal - transactions |
||
Cash deposited to a bank account |
||
Issued for products prepayment to the supplier |
||
Reflected refund of prepayment to buyer |
||
Reflected repayment of the loan in cash |
||
Reflected the issuance of earnings to company personnel in cash |
||
Reflected the issuance of reporting amounts in cash |
||
Issued by borrowed funds employee |
||
Paid income due at the end of the reporting period to a participant who is not an employee of the enterprise |
||
The shortage detected during the inventory is reflected |
The main supporting primary documents for keeping records of cash transactions are - orders and statements, payrolls, contracts with counterparties, cash books, advance reports, etc. retail revenue are formed in 1C as of the date of implementation, with the obligatory execution of all required documents - PKO, a report on retail sales.
Note! According to the Instructions of the Central Bank No. 3210-U, the individual entrepreneur has the right to apply a simplified procedure for maintaining cash accounting... That is, do not write out orders (incoming and outgoing), do not set a limit on the balance of money. If the formation of orders is necessary, the unified forms should be adhered to when issuing.
In this article, we will analyze how the accounting of cash transactions (cash) and non-cash funds at the enterprise is maintained, and for this we will consider two accounts: 50 Cashier and 51 Current account. The first is for cash accounting, the second is for accounting non-cash money... You will find the postings for cash transactions and non-cash movement below.
Accounting for cash to account 50 - "Cashier"
Account 50 is intended for the accounting of cash flows, that is, for the accounting of cash transactions. Debit 50 is intended to reflect the receipt of cash, credit 50 is intended to reflect the disposal of cash.
Documentary registration of cash transactions
All receipts and payments of cash must be reflected in the cash book of the statutory sample, its maintenance is mandatory for every organization. All entries in cash book are made on the basis primary documents: incoming and outgoing cash order. The posting of cash to the cashier is made out by the receipt cash order uniform form KO-1, withdrawal of cash from the cash desk - form KO-2 with an expense cash order.
Analysis of account 50 shows that account 50 is active, designed to reflect assets (cash), its balance is always debit. An increase in an asset is reflected in debit, a decrease in a loan.
Cash transactions necessarily involve the use, with the exception of some types of activities for which strict reporting forms can be used, read more about this in.
For each organization, a limit is set for the cash balance, that is, the amount of cash that can remain in the cash desk at the end of the day, the amount over the limit is deposited in mandatory to the bank at the end of each working day. When transferring cash to the bank, a cover sheet for the bag is drawn up. The over-limit amount of cash can only be left for withdrawal wages and benefits, but not more than five working days, including the day the money is issued by the bank.
The cash desk can store not only cash, but also monetary documents(paid tickets, vouchers).
Cash transactions are regulated by certain regulatory documents, which must be studied for the correct accounting of cash and the correct management of the cash register.
Regulatory documents of cash transactions: (click for disclosure)
- Regulation “On the Procedure for Conducting Cash Operations with Banknotes and Coins of the Bank of Russia on the Territory Russian Federation”, Approved by the Bank of Russia on 12.10.2011 No. 373P - this is the main document governing cash transactions.
- Regulations on the use of KKM No. 745 1993 (revised 08.08.2003)
- Bank of Russia Ordinance No. 1843-U dated 20.06.2007 “On the maximum amount of cash settlements between legal entities". At the moment, the maximum amount of cash settlements between legal entities is limited to 100 thousand rubles.
Video tutorial. Account 50 "Cashier": sub-accounts, transactions, examples
In this video tutorial, a site expert, Chief Accountant Natalya Vasilievna Gandeva explains account 50 "Cashier", typical wiring for accounting and subaccounts. Click on the video below to watch it.
You can download the slides and presentation here.
Account transactions 50
Debit | Credit | Operation name |
50 | 51 | Withdrawing money from the current account |
50 | 62 | Receiving payment from the buyer in cash at the cashier |
50 | 75 | Making a contribution to the authorized capital by the founder in cash |
60 | 50 | Payment to the supplier in cash |
70 | 50 | Payment of wages to employees |
The specified accounting entries for recording cash transactions are the most common standard options, complete list You will find the transactions in the Chart of Accounts ().
Accounting for non-cash funds to account 51 - "Current account"
Everything cashless payments can be carried out with a current account. It opens in credit institution, otherwise called a bank. How to open a current account and what documents you need to provide, read in.
For accounting of the movement of non-cash funds of the organization, 51 accounts are intended accounting.
Is he active or passive?
Analysis of account 51 proves that it is active, it keeps records of the company's assets (non-cash money), it always has a debit balance. Debit 51 of the account is intended to reflect the receipt of non-cash funds (increase in the asset), on the credit of account 51 - write-off of non-cash money (decrease in the asset).
Currently, an organization is allowed to have multiple checking accounts. Account 51 () can be divided into several analytical accounts, each of which will keep records for each individual current account of the enterprise.
The primary document confirming the fact of writing off and receiving non-cash funds is an extract from the bank, which contains information on all amounts received and written off from the organization's current account.
Funds are written off on the basis of a payment order, which is drawn up in 2 copies and referred to the bank, one of the copies is marked by the bank that the order has been accepted and returned back. When you deposit money from the cash desk to the current account, an announcement for a cash contribution is made.
Video tutorial. Account 51 in accounting: transactions, examples
In this video lesson, account 51 of accounting is disclosed in detail. Key transactions and practical examples for recording transactions are discussed.
Typical transactions for account 51
Debit | Credit | Operation name |
51 | 62 | Receipt of payment or advance payment from the buyer |
51 | 50 | Cash deposit to the bank from the company's cash desk |
<51 | 75 | Contribution to the authorized capital by non-cash means |
51 | 66 (67) | Obtaining a short-term (long-term) loan |
60 | 51 | Payment to the supplier by bank transfer |
50 | 51 | Withdrawing money from the account |
75 | 51 | Payment of dividends by bank transfer |
66 (67) | 51 | Loan (loan) repayment |
Summarize:
The organization for mutual settlements can use both cash and non-cash. For the accounting of the first, the cash desk is used, for the accounting of the second - the current account. Each operation for the accounting of funds is compulsorily drawn up with primary documents, and the corresponding entry is reflected in the accounting.
Account 51 at a glance in infographics
The figure below shows all the key information about account 51 and its transactions in the infographic.
All typical postings on account 51 "Settlement account"
Cash goes to the cashier of the organization:
b from the bank accounts of the organization
b from buyers (sales proceeds)
ь from accountable persons (return of unused amounts)
ь in payment for monetary documents
from employees of the organization (repayment of loans, compensation for damage)
from the founders (contribution of the authorized capital), etc.
Operations for the receipt of funds at the cash desk are drawn up in a unified primary document of the Incoming cash order (form KO-1) See Appendix 3. The accountant writes out (draws up on a computer) one copy of the incoming cash order. The tear-off part (receipt) must be stamped and issued to the person who deposited the money in the cashier. Money that comes to the cashier as proceeds for goods, works, services must be formalized using the cash register, i.e. in addition to the receipt for the receipt warrant, the buyer must be issued a cashier's check. If several such operations are performed during the day (for example, the work of a store), then the buyer receives only a check, and at the end of the day one credit order is drawn up for the total proceeds.
Filling in the Receipt cash order is carried out in the following order:
Document Number |
Number in order |
Date of preparation |
Date of receipt of money |
Structural unit code |
Fill in separate divisions of the organization according to the codes assigned to them |
Offsetting account |
Credit account of which the received amount belongs |
Analytical accounting code |
Analytical accounting system code |
The amount of funds received (in numbers) |
|
Purpose code |
To be filled in if the cash received money in the order of targeted financing (mainly for non-profit organizations) |
Taken from |
Full name of the natural person or the name of the legal entity contributing money |
Base |
|
The amount of money received - in words with a capital letter, empty space is crossed out |
|
Including |
The rate and amount (in numbers) of VAT tax (if the operation is not subject to VAT - "without VAT tax") |
Appendix |
Details of the document (name, number and date) for which the money was received (agreement, bank counter, invoice, etc.) |
The issued receipt order is registered in the Register of incoming and outgoing cash documents (form KO-3), and is filed to the cashier's report (voucher of the Cash Book) See Appendix 1. When money is received from the bank accounts of the organization, the following entries are made:
Using the operating cash desk:
When money is received from the current account:
Upon receipt of cash from a bank account denominated in foreign currency:
When settlements with suppliers and buyers:
When funds are received from accountable persons:
When paying with personnel:
When settling with founders:
For settlements with other creditors:
Upon receipt of sales proceeds:
Upon receipt of other income at the cashier's office.
Don't let the accountant fool you! A book for a manager and a business owner Gladkiy Aleksey
Incomplete posting of cash arriving at the cashier
Among unscrupulous accountants and cashiers, such a method of easy money has become widespread, such as incomplete posting of cash arriving at the cash desk of an enterprise. I would like to point out that this type of fraud can be conveniently implemented at enterprises where cash arrives at the cashier regularly (for example, every day) and from many counterparties (buyers, customers, accountable persons, etc.), in other words, with a large workflow associated with cash money.
What does an accountant (cashier) do when accepting cash? That's right - it writes out an incoming cash order. And the incoming cash order has a tear-off spine, which is issued to the person who hands over cash to the cashier; this spine is a confirmation that the money was received as intended. The amount of money received at the cash desk is indicated both in the receipt cash order and on the tear-off spine, in both cases - in numbers and in words. It would seem that everything is simple and clear, and what kind of abuse can there be?
It turns out that they can, and they are carried out quite simply, if not primitive. On the tear-off spine, the accountant indicates the real amount that he received from the person who donates money to the cashier, signs on the spine, puts a seal, tears it off and hands it to the person who handed over the money. He turns around and leaves - the operation is closed for him, there are no questions. But already in the receipt order itself, on the basis of which the money will be posted to the cashier, the accountant indicates the amount lower than the amount actually received. The difference, of course, he puts in his pocket. If the person who received the stub of the receipt slip throws it away or loses it, then it will be almost impossible to detect and prove such a deception.
However, such abuses can be detected during a tax audit. For example, an inspector will be interested in more detail about an operation that was settled in cash. If the cash came from a legal entity or an individual entrepreneur, then the inspector will conduct a counter check, asking to provide the same spine of the incoming cash order (this spine is a document confirming the fact of payment and must be kept in the accounting department). If there was a fraud, then by checking the amounts on the back of the receipt and in the order itself, the inspector can easily detect it.
By the way, such a deception can be revealed on the other hand - when a tax audit is carried out in the company (or an individual entrepreneur) from which the cash was received and the inspector decides to carry out a counter audit on this transaction. In this case, he will ask you to provide a credit slip, the back of which is stored in the audited organization. In this case, the deception will also be easily detected.
Some arrogant accountants (cashiers) sometimes allow themselves not to come to the cashier at all for some credit orders. They do this: they accept money from a person, fill out and give him the back of a cash receipt, and that's it. The money is in your pocket, and the receipt itself is in the trash can. It is not easy to spot such fraud right away, but it can be revealed during a counter tax audit.
Practice shows that incomplete posting of cash received to the cashier of an enterprise is one of the most common abuses among accountants and cashiers. In some cases, the amount of money stolen in this way looks very impressive.
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The receipt of funds at the cash desk of the organization is drawn up by cash receipts, which are written out in the accounting department (where they are immediately recorded in the register of receipts and expenditures of cash documents) After receiving cash at the cash desk, the cashier, on the basis of the cash receipt order, makes an appropriate entry to the cash book
The person who deposits money and the cash desk, a receipt for the cash receipt order for accepting money
We bring to the attention of the readers an algorithm of actions related to the receipt of funds in the cashier
Action I. Filling out an incoming cash order in the form K? KO-1
A cash receipt order is used to formalize the receipt of money in the cash office both when using manual processing methods and when processing information using computer technology.
A cash receipt order is issued in one copy by an accounting employee. Cash receipts and receipts for them must be filled out clearly and clearly in ink, ballpoint pen or written out on a machine (writing, calculating). Sub-cleansing, blots or corrections to the document are not allowed (clause 19 of the Procedure for conducting cash transactions).
You will find an example of a completed receipt order according to the form No. KO-1 on p. 22.
Table 2.1.1
Sirs a "org" ti "qi" "U
Further, in the same line in a special іraf, the code of the organization for the WINDOW is indicated, which is attached to the organization by the statistics body (once after its registration
Zalo "those forms No. KO-1
Continuation of ібя 211 Name The order of eapopoic Г * - ™ Сірою "structural UNIT" option Receipt of funds 3 i "lei in that case,
submissions with a sioya "esss" Even MoiyrtHTb are entered into the information that from Dalai in the same line in the "Code" code is indicated a code
"Wholesale) cash receipts (for example, from which small point the proceeds were received)" in the order of this and that of the year
The date is up to date
heaving of money means Column ^ running- Noerschete (M) .po ^ degn "VD with © bosoyyuimyu" structural group of izoepeniaorganizait, trade pav, department of supetaarvdit and gts Grfiyarvdit, Corresponding
account, suEscheG "Noiars account (and. ^ Column "Amount, rubles cat."
DE? "
Цаеідаїьги
if the money is received from employees of the organization, then this line contains the surname, name and answer to this employee;
if money is accepted from an employee of a third-party service, then in this line
isisha mim ish "in the organization
and the surname, name, patronymic of the person through which this organization donates funds to Pätsyubneesi t5litsu 212 us 23
Ending іable 2) 1
Name of the requisite Notes aBtOpa String "Basis" Sources of cash posiupponim Reflect "take financially! olgra and і (similar to see toblshіy212nas 23) Sіrska "Amount" The amount of money that is posting to the cash register With smu, the amount of rubles "ha is written in capital letters at the beginning of the line, and copan - in numbers. there is free space left, it is due from Stroga “Including the Sumia VAT, which is written in numbers.
KKKIYAYKY? Build "Appendix" List of the attached primary and other documents indicating their non-swarm dates 23) Build "organization" torn on the incoming cash order is similar to the cash order / cash order No. "The number is indicated in the grofo" Document number "of the incoming K3CC0BW0 order g. the date written in the column "Date of composition of the main part of the incoming cash order. The line" Accepted by Zeptyaekya in the same way as the corresponding line of the receipt of the cash order (see Є 22) Line "Basis" - | of the cash register The line "Amount" The amount of money is first in numbers, the idea repeats this suyama - indicate the proxy of aatavney boogy from the beginning of the syrogl, and kopecks - in numbers If, after entering the amount in rubles, a line remains free. Toyota gri [live line "Including" The amount of VAT, which is written in digits.
Vidoperitions "Osk ^ nenie. "ACCEPTED," Appendix ¦ "Sweating money from the settlement account Received from the current account for payment of the payment from the robot (purchase of materials, opgvgy services stormshdaikzatsiyitd) through retail sales)" Return of the remainder of the non-repayment of the accountable person.
in the register of incoming and outgoing cash documents
According to clause 21 of the Procedure for the distribution of cash transactions, incoming cash orders or replacing them Documents before transfer to the cashier are registered by the accounting department in the peine journal of the grace of incoming and outgoing cash documents (form Ns KO-3)
Action 3. Issuance of permission to accept cash funds at the cashier's office
After filling out and registration, the cash receipt order and the receipt are signed by the chief accountant or by a person authorized by the written order of the head (g 13 of the Procedure for conducting cash transactions)
We also indicate the decoding of the signature ~ initials and surname **
Step 4. Acceptance of funds at the cashier
According to clause 20 of the Procedure for conducting cash transactions upon receipt of an incoming cash order, the cashier is obliged to check:
cash and the authenticity of the signature of the clay accountant and the document
the correctness of the document execution;
the presence of the applications listed in the document.
In case of non-observance of at least one of these requirements, the cashier returns the cash receipt order to the accounting department for proper registration.
If the specified requirements are met, the cashier accepts the money.
orders, the cashier in this case will only sprinkle the document.
On the receipt, the cashier also indicates the date of receipt of money and certifies the FAILED signature with the seal (stamp) of the cashier or the ogienpch of the cash register (clause 14 of the Procedure for conducting cash transactions) We remind you that, in accordance with clause 19 of the Procedure for conducting cash transactions, money can only be accepted for cash receipts on the day they were drawn up
Documents attached to the cash order are requested with a stamp or the inscription "Received" with the date (date, month, year).
After receiving the money at the cash desk, the receipt for the incoming cash order is torn off along the cut LINE P is handed over to the person who has fallen money, and the cash order itself remains at the cash desk
Action S. After the receipt of money on an incoming cash order, a corresponding entry is made in the cash book (form No. KO-4)
According to clause 24 of the Procedure for not filing cash transactions, entries in the cash book are made by the cashier immediately after receiving the money on the incoming cash order.
Read about filling out the cash register on p. 37.
It should be remembered that when organizations and individual entrepreneurs carry out cash settlements and (or) settlements using payment cards, in cases where they sell goods, perform work or provide services, cash registers must be used (clause 1 of Art. 2 of the Federal Law dated 05.22.2003 No. 54-FZ "On the use of control-kissopa equipment in the implementation of cash payments and (or) payments using payment cards")
Receipt cash order and cash book (see, from 22 and pp. 40-42) are the basis for reflecting transactions on the receipt of funds to the organization's cash desk in the accounting records:
Debit of account 50 Credit of account 51 (52, 55) - the cash received funds from bank accounts (settlement, currency or special);
Debit of account 50 Credit of account 58 (subaccount "Provided loans") - amounts of short-term (or long-term) loans previously provided to another organization were received by the organization's cash desk;
Debit of account 50 Credit of account 58-4 (subaccount "" Contributions under a simple partnership agreement ") - a participant in a simple partnership entered into the cashier funds returned from contributions to the common property of partners;
Account debit 50 Account 60 credit - the amount of binding was received from suppliers to contractors in the cash office in connection with the mutual verification of the obligations of the parties (advances issued to suppliers and contractors in connection with the termination of contracts with them were returned to the cash office);
Debit of account 50 Credit of account 62 - cash received from buyers and customers (including for the sold property and property rights), or the amount of advances received by the cashier from buyers and customers is reflected;
Debit of account 50 Credit of account 66 (67) - funds from lenders, provided by them as short-term or long-term loans, were accepted at the cashier's office (proceeds were received for the sale of short-term or long-term bonds);
Account debit 50 Account 70 credit - overpaid wages were returned to the cashier;
Account debit 50 Account 71 credit - unspent amounts have been returned to the cashier by the accountable persons;
Account debit 50 Account 73 credit - amounts were accepted from the employees for the uniforms sold by them at a discount (payments were received from employees to whom the products were delivered in installments, etc.);
Debit of account 50 Credit of account 75 - cash funds contributed by the founders as contributions to the authorized capital of the organization were recorded (additional contributions from shareholders in connection with an increase in the par value or an additional issue of shares are reflected);
Debit of account 50 Credit of account 75 - a participant conducting common affairs under a simple partnership agreement received compensation for losses from joint activities (the unitary enterprise accepted cash from a state (municipal) body to conduct activities and / or cover losses);
Debit of account 50 Credit of account 76 - receipts from the parent for the maintenance of children in preschool institutions that are part of the service industries and farms were credited to the cashier's office (cash funds contributed by the suppliers to offset the claims presented to them were taken into account, the amounts of insurance indemnities were received from insurance companies);
Debit of account 50 Credit of account 76 - the participant of the nrosyugo partnership accepted the amount of profit due from jointly to the cashier !! Activities (amounts from subsidiaries (dependent) companies were received at the cash desk of the parent organization),
Debit of account 50 Credit of account 79 (subaccount “Settlements on allocated property *) - the parent organization capitalized cash received from divisions allocated to separate balances;
Deyeg account 50 Credit of account 79 (subaccount "Settlements to the contract of trust management of property") - the founder of the management from the trustee manager received cash from the cashier on account of the due profit.
Debit of account 50 Credit of account 80 - to participants conducting common affairs under a simple partnership agreement, funds in the form of contributions to the common property of their partners were taken to the cashier;
Debit of account 50 Credit of account 83 - share premium from the sale of shares of the organization is reflected,
Debit of account 50 Credit of account 86 - cash funds intended for intended use were entered;
Debit of account 50 Credit of account 91 - the surplus cash in the cash desk revealed during the inventory was cut off (the amount of sanctions from debtors was received; interest was received on loans issued by another organization; the amount of receivables previously written off as non-cash receivable was accepted; a positive exchange rate difference is reflected on operations with foreign currency in cash);
Debit of account 50 Credit of account 98-1 - as deferred income, the cash received funds (including contributions of shareholders and payment of various subscriptions),
Debit of account 50 Credit of account 98 2 - cash received free of charge.