Loan products for small and medium businesses. Business and banking products. Putting free funds to work

29.04.2008 13:09 7527

Lending to small and medium-sized businesses is one of the most popular and promising banking products. However, the offers available on the market do not always meet the desires and aspirations of borrowers. Promsvyazbank's small business lending program allows customers to obtain large amounts of borrowed funds at minimal time and material costs. Elena MAKHOTA, Director of the Department of Small and Medium Business of Promsvyazbank, answered the portal site on lending to small and medium-sized businesses.

Positron: Today, many banks provide lending services to small and medium-sized businesses. Promsvyazbank enters this market segment at the stage when the priorities among the players are divided. What methods to attract customers do you use in your credit policy what sets you apart from other players in given area banking services?

E. M.: The market for lending to small and medium-sized businesses is far from being exhausted, and the emergence of such a large player as Promsvyazbank in this lending sector allows it to take a fairly high position. As for the channels and methods of attracting customers, it must be said that initially the bank introduced to the market such loan products that meet the requirements of our customers to the maximum extent possible. And now we are improving technologies, looking for new channels to reach potential borrowers, offering new specialized loans targeted at specific customer groups.

Maria: What are the main directions for the development of small and medium-sized businesses? What can you offer the regions?

E. M.: Promsvyazbank is actively working with all types of small and medium-sized businesses - this is both wholesale and retail, and manufacturing, and services. For different areas of entrepreneurial activity, specialized loan products are being created, which are fully capable of meeting the needs of a particular business. As for the scope of our presence, today the program of lending to small and medium-sized businesses is being fully implemented in the vast majority of the bank's divisions throughout the country - in 37 regional branches, Moscow and the Moscow region.

Mikhail: Does your bank cooperate with credit brokers? How much do you pay on average for the services of CBs if they supply SME clients to your bank for lending (subject to the issuance of a loan)?

E. M.: As part of the lending program for small and medium-sized businesses, Promsvyazbank does not have a positive experience of interacting with credit brokers and currently does not cooperate with such organizations.

Kukushkin Anatoly Efremovich: Does Promsvyazbank conduct surveys of private entrepreneurs, whether their most pressing needs are taken into account when developing loan offers. In a word, as usual with you: demand creates supply or supply - demand.

E. M.: Since the beginning of the development of the program for lending to small and medium-sized businesses, Promsvyazbank has relied on research in this business sector. Needs, opportunities, preferences, features of doing business of our potential clients were clarified. Taking all these factors into account has made it possible to create a line of credit products that are in demand among small and medium-sized businesses. And today, taking into account the newly emerging requests of our customers, we are developing new banking products for small and medium businesses.

Timur: How do you consider the problem of default when lending to small and medium-sized businesses loan funds?

E. M.: It happens that a situation arises in which the client cannot fulfill his current obligations to the bank to service the loan. In such situations, Promsvyazbank always tries, together with the client, to find the best ways to solve the problems that have arisen. First of all, due to the possibilities of the client's current business - repayment of debts at the expense of working capital, assets not used in the business.

There are other tools: it is possible to change the payment schedule, defer the repayment of loan debt, and so on. Secondly, bank risk insurance instruments are used - surety, pledge, compensation under insurance contracts. But, I would like to emphasize that the competent organization of your own business, as a rule, allows you to avoid the unpleasant situations that you are talking about. And our experts are always open for advice and assistance to entrepreneurs.

Anna Kondrashova: Do you consider cooperation with official credit brokers as an expansion of the channel for entering ready-made clients and increasing sales? Have you defined the formats of interaction, have the requirements for partners been formed?

E. M.: Unfortunately, at present, there is no positive experience of cooperation with credit brokers in lending to small and medium-sized businesses, and there are no existing agreements with them. But we are always ready to consider various proposals for expanding the channels for attracting potential customers of small and medium-sized businesses, including proposals from loan brokers.

Andrew: How can I get a loan to start a business?

E. M.: Today, the vast majority of banks lend to small and medium-sized businesses, provided that such an enterprise already has business experience for at least a certain period of time. In this way, banks minimize the risk of default on credit obligations when the business of an inexperienced entrepreneur goes bankrupt.

Promsvyazbank, when implementing the program of lending to small and medium-sized businesses, set the bar for the minimum actual period of entrepreneurial activity at the level of 9 months. If you really work for at least 9 months, then the doors of our bank are wide open for you. But this does not mean at all that you can start a business only relying solely on your own available capital. Many entrepreneurs start their activities with the formation start-up capital at the expense of borrowed funds - loans from individuals, consumer loans, etc. To start this, usually, it is quite enough, and only then they apply to banks for loans for business development. Such a scheme is quite viable.

Alexey: Does your bank have a specialized program for lending to medium and small businesses, including in the form of scoring, or is it a regular banking program?

E. M.: Especially for small and medium-sized businesses, Promsvyazbank has developed a more simplified lending technology. It is distinguished by a special methodology for assessing the borrower's financial and economic position, taking into account the specifics of management reporting, a more flexible approach to collateral and loan terms.

As a result, the process of obtaining a loan as a whole has been greatly simplified - small and medium-sized businesses can obtain the necessary loan funds much faster and much easier than other categories of borrowers.

Petr Ivanovich Mints: Do you think that there are prospects for small and medium-sized businesses in Russia? And how big is the risk for a bank lending to small businesses?

E. M.: Small and medium business today they are actively developing, and the potential for this development is far from being exhausted - against the backdrop of the world's leading economies, the development of small and medium-sized businesses in Russia can be considered to be at the initial level. Accordingly, this sector of the economy of our country needs huge amounts of financing, including through bank lending.

Of course, entrepreneurship is risky. economic activity, and banks, when lending to businesses, try to protect themselves as much as possible from the risks of non-fulfillment of credit obligations by borrowers. To date, banks have developed enough effective ways and ways to reduce your risks. And we see that almost all actively operating banks have programs for lending to small and medium-sized businesses.

Passion: Which typical borrowers Are your loan products calculated? What are the main criteria that must be met by firms wishing to receive a loan from you?

E.M.: Our main requirements for clients are as follows: the place of doing business and registration is in the region of the bank's physical presence (city, region, region). If the volume of all credit transactions with the borrower does not exceed 3 million rubles, then the maximum distance from the place of business from the administrative boundaries of the city in which the branch is located should not exceed 100 kilometers. The term for carrying out entrepreneurial activity is at least 9 months, for Kredit-Business and Kredit-Invest - 12 months. No negative credit history. The majority share of business ownership should belong to Russian citizens.

Roma: What is the importance of the revenue criterion for the development of small and medium-sized businesses?

E. M.: Revenue is one of the essential indicators characterizing the level of development of an enterprise. The value of this indicator directly affects the loan amount that the bank can offer to the client - as a rule, the loan amount is commensurate with the average monthly revenue.

Evgeny: Why are all banks now raising interest rates on loans, citing an increase in the cost of funding, while the LIBOR rate is steadily falling? After all, this should lead to a reduction in rates.

E. M.: The increase in interest rates is associated with general instability on financial markets and increased lending risks. In this situation, there is an increase in the cost of attracting resources. In response, banks are forced to raise interest rates on loans to their customers. And the less a bank has its own borrowed funds, the more it depends on interbank financing. As for our bank, we continue to lend to small and medium-sized businesses at the rates that were set at the time of the launch of our program.

Anna: What are the risks of possible non-repayment of loans in this moment based on the projects you have completed? What are the default risk prevention mechanisms in your credit policy?

E.M.: The mechanisms for preventing the risks of non-repayment of credit funds are quite well known - these are collateral, and surety, and risk insurance. But the main way is to provide for everything at the stage of consideration of the application. possible options development of the situation in the business of our borrower, and our technology for assessing the financial and economic position of a small and medium-sized business allows us to do this.

Thus, a competent analysis, a forecast of the development of the process, the availability of collateral - all together reduce the risk of non-repayment of loans to a minimum.

Inga Morozova: Is Promsvyazbank a member of the SME Lending Assistance Fund program?

E. M.: Promsvyazbank is a member of the Fund for Assistance in Lending to Small and Medium Businesses. In particular, within the framework of an agreement with the Fund, our bank may provide loans under the guarantee of the Fund.

Murzilka: What advantages of Promsvyazbank's small business lending programs could you highlight in comparison with similar programs of competitors? Is there a loyalty program?

E.M.: Today, many banks are engaged in lending to small and medium-sized businesses. Terms of the programs different banks similar in some ways, different in some ways, and the choice always remains with the client. We always try to provide our customers with the maximum range of possible banking products and services and are constantly expanding their list.

An important role in lending to small and medium-sized businesses is played by the psychological factor - friendly, partnership relations between the borrower and the bank employee often determine the client's preferences in choosing a bank.

As for the encouragement of regular customers, for such borrowers we can offer more preferential terms of service in our bank.

Alexander: How do you rate participation Russian state in support of small and medium businesses? What, in your opinion, is the role and place of state banks (the Russian Development Bank, Vneshtorgbank, Sberbank) in this process?

E. M.: Today, the state, having resolved other priority issues, is beginning to understand that without the development of the sector of small and medium-sized businesses, Russia will not be able to solve either economic or social problems. As a result, on the part of the head of state, the government, we see various initiatives aimed at making life easier for entrepreneurs and the development of this sector as a whole. If these initiatives are confirmed by specific decisions and actions that will affect the entire range of components of the development of small and medium-sized businesses, including financing issues, then all of us, both entrepreneurs and banks, will have great prospects.

Regarding the second part of the question, the banks you listed are also commercial organizations and, accordingly, obey the laws of the economy, the market. If the state conducts targeted financial policy to support small and medium-sized businesses, then banks, and not only "state" ones, can act as an effective tool for this policy.

Denis Kolpakov: Could you give your assessment of the size of the SME lending market in the Russian Federation, as well as express your forecasts regarding the prospects for the development of this segment? In your opinion, which technologies used in the Western practice of lending to small and medium-sized businesses have not yet been used in Russian market?

E.M.: The results of many studies of the SME lending market show that the saturation point of the need for borrowed funds x this sector of the economy is far from being achieved, and this need is satisfied only by 40-45%. Thus, the field for the activities of all kinds of credit organizations, including banks, is very significant. Almost all banks, both large federal, regional and local ones, are actively developing their special programs for small and medium businesses. As for Western technologies, almost all of them are used to some extent. Russian banks. Another question is that in the specific conditions of business development in Russia, not all of them give the expected result, therefore, they are either not used or are being significantly improved.

Saprykina Yulia: How do you define the professionalism of an employee when hiring for a department SME lending?

E. M.: The requirements for the selection of employees involved in lending to small and medium-sized businesses are quite specific. Firstly, the employee must know the characteristics of enterprises in this segment of the economy, represent their needs and requirements, understand the features of reporting and accounting, including management accounting. Secondly, given the specifics of small and medium-sized business clients, our employees must meet high moral and ethical criteria. And, thirdly, our employees must be sufficiently stress-resistant and efficient.

Lyubasha: Tell me, is there a difference between male entrepreneurial borrowers and female borrowers. Who, in your opinion, is more responsible, and whose business develops better - “male” or “female”?

E. M .: It is impossible to give an unambiguous answer who is better at doing business, a man or a woman. There are many examples of successful entrepreneurship, both "male" and "female". Of course, there are differences in approaches, methods and ways to achieve goals. Women are more responsible, prudent, and men are more assertive, risky. But if a person has the so-called "entrepreneurial streak", then, regardless of gender, he will be able to succeed in his difficult, risky business.

Small and medium businesses, unlike large ones, are in a losing position. He is limited in personnel and finances, suffers from tax burden. Therefore, he is very interested in obtaining profitable loans.

How affordable is SME lending?

The dynamics of SME lending is not rosy. If 5 years ago loans were popular, now the picture is changing. In 2011, the total amount of borrowed funds amounted to about 2.9 million rubles. Lending growth in 2012 was 19% (about 3.4 million rubles). In the context of the crisis, the leading banks focused on lending to large businesses. And this is already a serious pressure on the segment of small and medium-sized businesses.

Now 31% of enterprises have credit obligations, moreover, most of them are representatives of medium-sized businesses (39%), followed by small businesses (32%) and, less often than others, microcompanies (24%) take loans. These are the data of a study of entrepreneurs in the SME sector, which was conducted by NAFI together with the Analytical Center for SME Bank in early 2016. According to the same survey, 38% of entrepreneurs say that loans have become less affordable. Only 11% of businessmen have the opposite opinion.

According to the public organization Opora Rossii, the most common obstacle is excessive high stakes on credit, especially for start-up projects. 48% of the surveyed businessmen called the problem of high rates a key one. 22% mentioned difficulties in providing collateral or bank guarantees. 2% of respondents stated that bank loans are not available to them at all.

One of the main problems of lending to SMEs is, of course, a large share of overdue debts. Banks became worried and introduced a mechanism for refinancing the debts of clients of other credit institutions. big banks who are able to afford cheap funding launched the program at very attractive rates. However, such programs have their own pitfalls, for delay in payment, sanctions are applied.

At the same time, entrepreneurs complain that the problem with the so-called "long money" is acute. You will not find such a resource at every bank. At the same time, the product "commercial mortgage" for a long period of 10-20 years is not common. If there is an offer, it comes with high interest rates coupled with insurance and appraisal costs.

One of the serious problems for SMEs is the refusal of banks to invest in start-ups. Not surprising, since the venture business is very risky. Young businessmen differ from those that have already taken place by their novelty of ideas, and the issue of relations with the regulator is in last place. For them, simple business financing is much more important.

The main problems of lending to SMEs:

— Businessmen prefer to take out loans when the financial situation is shaken. Otherwise, SMEs only manage with personal money.

- Banks prefer to give loans for a short period, for which it is extremely difficult to get on your feet.

- Short credit history of the entrepreneur or its complete absence.

- Insufficient information about the enterprise or the lack of opportunities for the bank to find out reliable information about the SME. Financial documentation submitted to the bank, as well as long-term plans and forecasts, do not always allow drawing correct conclusions. As a result, the risks of fulfilling the loan agreement may increase.

- Poor quality of collateral equipment or its complete absence.

— Outdated data due to late reports from small businesses.

- Unreasonably high loans issued. A product that exceeds the objective need for additional capital theoretically helps to improve business, but in practice leads to wasteful spending.

— The high cost of credit products. The price of a loan is inversely proportional to the size of the enterprise. And for small businesses, it is higher than for large ones - about 19% against 12% per annum. Average annual rates range from 15% to 28%. Depending on the region, its saturation with resources and terms of lending. Therefore, enterprises often go on-lending.

What banking products are available for SMEs?

— In a number of large banks there are preferential programs lending to small and medium-sized businesses, they help to partly solve the above problems.

— Lending by reduced rates(from 12.5%). The loan is usually provided for a period of 1-1.5 years for replenishment working capital and up to 5 years - for investments. Pledges and guarantors are often required to obtain a product.

- Unsecured loans. Such an offer usually has a higher interest rate, since the risks of the bank are higher. This product is given for up to 5 years.

— Loans for start-ups. Despite the risks, some banks still launched programs for entrepreneurs in the formative stage. Initial capital is given for a long period without additional security.

— Loans for individual needs. This includes commercial mortgages, auto loans, loans for leasing or for the purchase of fixed assets.

— Loans for participation in open tenders and auctions, as well as for the fulfillment of government orders. They may be of interest to SMEs who want to apply for the supply of goods, the provision of services and the performance of work for state or municipal needs.

— Commission products for opening and maintaining settlement accounts on preferential terms. This helps to save on cash register equipment.

— Special cards, with which you can withdraw and deposit money to the company's account through ATMs.

— Mobile acquiring services.

— Bank guarantees secured by obligations, in particular, under state and municipal contracts.

In addition to loans, banks can offer other products to SMEs:

1. Commission products for opening and maintaining settlement accounts on preferential terms. This helps to save on cash register equipment.
2. Special cards with which you can withdraw and deposit money to the company's account through ATMs.
3. Mobile acquiring services.
4. Bank guarantees secured by obligations, in particular, under state and municipal contracts.

How to get financial support under the SME Bank program?

Despite preferential lending programs, financial products for small and medium-sized businesses can still remain a dream. SME Bank is partly called upon to help solve the main problem of SME representatives - high rates. It is not a competitor to commercial banks, it does not even issue loans. A plays the role of their partner and complements banking capabilities.

SME Bank partners offer very profitable terms lending. Interest rates also fluctuate depending on the purpose of the loan. For example, for the purchase of vehicles, machinery, equipment, they give a target secured loan at 10.5% per annum. In general, most banks provide loans on standard terms: 60-150 billion rubles, 12-12.5% ​​per annum, for 5-7 years.

To receive assistance from SME Bank, you need to check whether the company falls under the category of “small and medium-sized businesses”, whether it has the right to take advantage of benefits, then decide on the type of financial assistance and contact the partner bank of SME Bank.

How to increase the availability of bank loans for SMEs?

It is necessary to work out protective mechanisms for businessmen in case of revocation of licenses from banks. While the regulator is fighting unscrupulous banks, entrepreneurs are losing their own money. In particular, this is precisely why the volume of loans issued to small and medium-sized businesses has recently been falling.

In order to increase the availability and attractiveness of lending, banks are already developing a set of measures, in particular, they are expanding programs for preferential refinancing of loans for SMEs. Some credit organizations already successfully working with the system credit bureaus, which helps the bank to assess risks and, as a result, increases the availability of financing for entrepreneurship.

However, there is still something to strive for. According to representatives of the largest Russian banks, it is necessary to establish work on the principle of "one stop shop", when entrepreneurs are offered legal support and services that promote a businessman's product or service.

According to Sergey Kryukov, Chairman of the Board of the SME Bank, it is necessary to introduce key performance indicators (KPIs) for SMEs in the regions of the country. This should increase the availability of investments for businessmen. The KPIs will encourage stakeholders to spread the word about business support, rate cut opportunities, and points of contact for advice.

To start a new business, you need start-up capital. Many aspiring entrepreneurs decide to seek help from a credit institution. Most banks have developed programs for beginner businessmen. The registration process is often lengthy and requires a lot of paperwork.

If you decide to take a loan, then you need to keep in mind that regardless of the results of the company’s work, you will have to pay monthly established by the bank amount, so you should always have a “fallback” payment or reserve for paying off debts.

1. The company must be legally registered and have all the necessary registration documents. Read about how to open a business from scratch here -.
2. Business plan. Any bank will need a detailed business plan for your future enterprise, at a personal interview you will have to tell your vision of the situation, what you need money for and how it will work. Ready business plans can be found on our website.
3. Financial indicators. Specialists of credit institutions carry out their own calculations of the company's stability indicators, so you need to be ready to provide all the necessary data, reporting or forecasts. To do this, you need to take care in advance about the presence of a specialist in the company, since this information is quite narrow specialization.
4. Availability of property. The presence of real estate and other expensive property in the property significantly increases the chances of approving the application and reducing the percentage of loans, with the condition of collateral.
5. Creditworthiness of the borrower. When applying for a loan for an individual entrepreneur, the entrepreneur himself will be checked as an individual for the presence in the black credit lists of all banks. When applying for a loan for an LLC (limited liability company), all founders and, possibly, members of their families (usually spouses) are checked. Credit history, unequivocally, must be positive, otherwise failure will follow.
6. Guarantors and co-borrowers. The presence of individuals or enterprises as guarantors or co-borrowers increases the chance of approval of the application, as well as the presence of collateral.
7. Registration of insurance. Availability of insurance in many banks is prerequisite. In other credit institutions, its approval is strongly welcomed.

Small Business Loan Products

Loans for opening a business are divided into:

• Target
• non-targeted

A target loan can only be used for specifically agreed loan agreement purposes (acquisition of material, fixed assets, etc.). After payment to the counterparty, the costs must be documented, namely, provide the bank with copies of contracts, shipping documents (waybills).

A non-purpose loan can be used at your discretion. After receiving it, the company has an obligation to pay a stable monthly payment, the bank does not need to confirm the expenses. Interest rates for non-targeted loans are always higher than those for targeted loans.

Bank credit programs

Where to get money to start own business? This is the problem faced by 95% of new entrepreneurs! In the article, we have revealed the most relevant ways of obtaining start-up capital for an entrepreneur. We also recommend that you carefully study the results of our experiment in exchange earnings:

Show a small selection credit programs that banks currently have:

Sberbank of Russia JSC. The loan product is called "Business Start". It is possible to obtain a loan without collateral, subject to the availability of guarantors and down payment. The rate is 17-18% per annum. The amount is from 100 thousand rubles to 3 million rubles. Loan term 6 - 36 months.

Rosbank. Amount up to 40 million rubles. Term up to five years. The rate is 12-16.5% per annum. It is necessary to pay a one-time commission and provide a pledge of all the property of the company (within the amount of the loan).

Transcapitalbank. This bank provides a wide credit line for small businesses: loans for development, targeted lending, leasing, factoring. Rates from 15% per annum. Loan amount up to 30 million rubles.

VTB 24. The Bank offers the following loan products: working loan, business mortgage, working capital replenishment. Rates from 9% per annum. Loan amount from 850 thousand rubles. Loan term up to 120 months.

First of all, you should contact the bank that serves your company, this will ensure the transparency of data and documents will require much less. In addition, credit institutions are more loyal to their partner clients.

Many firms, having previously chosen a bank for obtaining a loan, first open a current account in it and provide banking services.

When applying for a loan, carefully study the agreement in order to avoid double interpretation of the text and further disagreements. Ask a specialist to thoroughly explain the clauses of the contract on which you have questions.

After the payment schedule is formed, once again calculate your benefit from purchasing this banking product. Perhaps the conditions will be completely unfavorable for your business.

If there is a profit in the company, try to repay the loan ahead of schedule, since the principal amount of interest is included in the first months of payments, that is, the principal debt practically does not decrease at this time, but interest is paid.

Each bank offers "individual" lending programs for small and medium-sized businesses, but, based on the goals of lending, the following groups of loans can be distinguished:

· Credit for starting a business. Every aspiring entrepreneur has to deal with the problem of financing their business. The most common way to get the necessary funds is a business loan. However, few banks risk issuing such a loan. In order to take a loan for business development, you must have a good business plan that will indicate the prospects of the future business and the ability of the entrepreneur to pay the loan received for the business on time. The bank compensates for the big risk with a high interest rate on the loan, a shortened loan term and a guarantee from individuals.

· Credits individual entrepreneurs. Such loans are also quite risky for banks, since it is rather difficult for banks to assess the reliability and solvency of individual entrepreneurs. If the individual who takes consumer credit, has a fixed monthly income, due to which the loan is repaid, then the individual entrepreneur usually does not have a fixed income and plans to repay the loan at the expense of future income. Basically, individual entrepreneurs require guarantors to obtain a loan, since often individual entrepreneurs are not able to provide a bank with collateral for a loan.

· Credit for business development. One of the stages of business development is the stage of shortage equity to invest in ever-present new ideas or simply to replenish working capital. An individual entrepreneur can replenish his own capital with the help of a business development loan. This is one of the most common types of loans, as it is the most simple view financing. Pledge, goods in circulation or personal property are required (But there are also banks that have created a new banking product - an unsecured loan for business development). Interest rates depends on the terms of the loan and the size of the loan.

· Credit for the purchase of fixed assets. A loan for the purchase of fixed assets is provided for the expansion or modernization of the company's production lines, for the purchase of real estate (offices, industrial premises, land plots), for the purchase building materials for the construction of buildings allocated for the needs of the organization, or for the acquisition of the necessary machinery and equipment for the work. Main criterion, which allows you to distinguish a loan for the purchase of fixed assets from other financial products designed for business - this is the focus of the received financial resources for the purchase non-current assets companies. Such loans are usually provided for long periods and for large sums. Accordingly, the requirements for borrowers are stricter. A pledge is required, which can be goods in circulation, equipment, existing vehicles, special equipment, real estate.

· Commercial mortgage. Commercial mortgage, or business mortgage - a term that is used today in relation to the acquisition of objects commercial real estate using a mortgage. A commercial mortgage loan is issued to entrepreneurs of small and medium-sized businesses for the purpose of acquiring non-residential property under her bail. Compared to other loans, commercial mortgages have longer terms, but they are shorter than mortgage loans for individuals. Interest rates commercial mortgage higher than residential property.

· Investment lending. This loan product is provided by banks for a specific project, for the implementation or development of which credit resources will be directed. An investment loan is usually issued to individual entrepreneurs, legal and individuals for a period of 3 to 10 years, although it does not belong to the category of long-term loans. A loan is issued for a specific investment program: expansion of production, re-profiling of an enterprise, purchase of new equipment, implementation of new projects, etc. To receive an investment loan, the borrower must provide a business plan for the project, as well as confirm their material well-being. The main condition for granting an investment loan is that the borrower has an operating financially stable business. All existing assets can act as collateral for a loan: real estate, vehicles, goods, etc. In addition, an investment loan can be secured by a guarantee of legal entities or individuals.

· Overdraft is a loan for operating expenses, provided in the absence or insufficiency of funds on settlement (current) accounts. Overdraft provides an opportunity to make timely and uninterrupted settlements with partners, to issue wages and pay bills. Overdraft banks offer their customers who already have current accounts and decent turnover on them. Overdraft interest rates are quite reasonable. The term of the contract can be up to 1 year, but repayment occurs as it becomes available Money to the company's account by debiting them. The term for which an overdraft is issued usually does not exceed 30 days.

Table 2Comparison of loan products for SMEs

The main forms of lending to small and medium-sized enterprises are Lending to small and medium-sized enterprises: textbook. allowance / A.I. Shpynova. - M.: POLPRED Reference books, 2010.-155 s:

· Credit: a one-time provision of a loan amount for a specified period. Repayment of the loan must be carried out by the borrower within the specified period, or in accordance with the established repayment schedule.

· Line of credit: a legal obligation of a bank to provide a certain amount of credit to a customer within a specified period of time. A credit line differs from a one-time lending in that the client can receive a loan more than once on some day specified in the agreement, but when he needs it, in parts.

Table 3. Types of credit lines

In addition, in agreements with banks, two more concepts related to the provision of credit lines are often used. These are, firstly, credit lines with a disbursement limit, when the total amount of disbursed funds is limited. The return of money does not increase the lending limit, that is, in fact, such a loan belongs to the category of non-renewable. And, secondly, the so-called line of credit with a debt limit - the total amount of debt is limited. If the company returned part of the money, then the volume of lending is restored. Hence, it is a revolving line of credit.