Small business loans for new companies. Business development loan for LLC: a package of documents, conditions. Loans to small and medium-sized businesses. What is a loan calculator and why is it needed
Setting up your own business is a long-term and laborious process that requires significant efforts and financial investments. A novice entrepreneur does not always have the necessary amount of start-up capital, which puts him in a difficult position. Russian legislation takes into account this fact - and offers to get a profitable loan to individual entrepreneurs for the development of small business from scratch.
This kind of assistance is beneficial in that state lending is systemic and interest-free, does not imply collateral, and includes a number of additional financial and legal advantages... A significant number of business entities are striving to get it.
It should be noted that in Russian Federation a detailed program of state assistance to small and medium-sized businesses operates, which includes such items as:
- interest-free lending;
- leasing;
- system of compensatory state. payments and assistance on fulfilled credit obligations;
compensation for the financial amount spent on the purchase of industrial equipment and other means of production.
Small business lending is not the only popular method of effective economic assistance to individual entrepreneurs, but one of the most popular ways to compensate for financial shortfalls. The opportunity not to provide collateral when applying for a loan is very appealing to young entrepreneurs at the beginning of their economic activity... It is very important for individual entrepreneurs to feel state assistance in difficult economic conditions at the beginning of their activities and opening a company, without collateral and additional financial payments.
State lending to individual entrepreneurs: registration mechanism
A small business loan from scratch is an effective mechanism for regulating the development of individual entrepreneurship, which is one of the fundamental cells of the system of modern economic relations... The lack of the necessary collateral when starting a business often attracts young promising entrepreneurs who are ready to develop and introduce new technologies and promising developments. Often these are the projects that require state aid.
One of the most effective conditions for assistance for the opening and further development of small businesses under the existing lending system is the absence of collateral.
The state takes over a full range of obligations to guarantee credit liabilities the subject of debt. It should be noted that not all banks are willing to make such a compromise, especially when it comes to fairly large financial amounts. Moreover, even a successful start does not always guarantee the profitability and creditworthiness of an enterprise in the future. Therefore, in order to receive a loan for opening, an individual entrepreneur must have a basic amount of start-up capital.
New business is always a risk, and banks are not ready to pay for it. Therefore, individual entrepreneurs in the Russian Federation are actively supported by the state - and the results did not fail to show itself. Small business is gradually, but surely, turning into a significant segment of the domestic and foreign market. 
If you are planning to open your own business and want to receive government support, first you should make sure that the system government funding and help SP is valid in the region of your registration, and also applies to your chosen field of activity.
It should be understood that not every beginning entrepreneur is entitled to financial support from the state, but only to those subjects of economic activity who can really prove their viability and development prospects as an individual entrepreneur.
One of important milestones the procedure for obtaining assistance in starting your business and applying for state lending for individual entrepreneurs is to draw up a clear business plan, which will display the following points:
- goals and objectives of creating a new IP;
- necessary minimum financial resources needed to start a business;
- the amount of costs associated with the purchase of the necessary equipment and the arrangement of work premises;
- estimated payback periods.
In addition, an individual entrepreneur must clearly identify the characteristics of the start, the nature of future activities and argue the chosen path of economic development, as well as his desire to take out a loan.
To take part in the state program lending to small businesses and get state. loan, first you need to go through a competitive selection.
The first stage of this competition is a detailed consideration of the proposed IP business plan. For a successful start and opening a new business, an entrepreneur must clearly identify all stages of development of a future enterprise, and form the expected risks and benefits. To get state. a loan, the individual entrepreneur must convince the state that the proposed idea is effective and promising in terms of economic development.
SP, in order to get state. a loan for the development of his business without additional overpayments and collateral, undertakes to provide timely and complete reporting on the nature of the use and volumes of naturalization of the funds received. The objectivity and completeness of the information received is checked by the state authorities. fiscal control.
If the verification of the provided data is successful, and the subject has successfully passed the competitive test, he gets access to the preferential lending system, which assumes a complete absence of collateral and an interest-free loan. Such conditions attract many young entrepreneurs who want to get a loan and establish the successful development of their business.
Other methods of state support for small businesses
Lending is not a universal panacea for stimulating small business development.
In order to get a satisfactory result in his entrepreneur's activities, an individual entrepreneur is forced to look for innovative ways and methods of implementing business ideas and projects. Equally and state. bodies are interested in the effective development and expansion of forms of private entrepreneurship.
Many banks are beginning to think about reducing or even potentially eliminating collateral for clients wishing to take out a loan with the further direction of funds for the development of small businesses.
State small business support also involves such forms of work with individual entrepreneurs as:
- holding competitions for various grants;
- conducting training seminars, conferences, trainings for individual entrepreneurs;
- material assistance without direct financial payments.
For example, the state can facilitate the lease of a municipal area at a reduced rate. An entrepreneur can also get a number of additional benefits without getting cash in hand. In particular, this concerns cooperation with banks.
Preferential conditions for small businesses: peculiarities of obtaining a bank loan
Lending centers that provide state support for small businesses often become guarantors in obtaining loans for individual entrepreneurs. Banks tend to trust state system securing loans, therefore, they are more willing to issue loans without collateral, if the state itself acts as a guarantor.
The lack of collateral in this case is compensated by increased credit liabilities.
In order to facilitate the successful start of as many young entrepreneurs as possible, a special National Welfare Fund was even established in the Russian Federation. The foundation began its activities in 2014. From this fund, banks included in the pool can annually receive a fairly impressive amount that allows them to ensure minimum rates for credit loans for individual entrepreneurship, without requiring collateral and overpayments. Thus, in order to ensure a successful start and obtain a loan for the development of an enterprise, an entity must simply prove its readiness to work under the full program for the domestic economy.
Starting a new venture requires careful preparation and a certain financial reserve.
The state is ready to provide a start-up entrepreneur with the necessary support - but in return the individual entrepreneur also assumes certain obligations. In particular, the main indicators of the level of economic efficiency of activities and the successful start of a new enterprise are two main indicators: the number of jobs created and the level of taxes paid annually. If these figures are characterized by positive dynamics, it means that the start of this business has justified itself, and the entrepreneur begins to create a successful credit history.
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For a small start-up business to be able to develop at a successful pace, as a rule, financial injections are required.
When founders do not have sufficient funds for development, they come to the rescue bank loans... And although looking at advertising, it seems that getting the right loan is easier than shelling pears, in fact, entrepreneurs can get a business on credit without down payment only under certain conditions.
Conditions are set by banks and serve to provide a guarantee of return. borrowed money... At the same time, it is not only the timely repayment of the debt that matters, but also the interest on it.
How to get and issue
First of all, it is necessary to talk about who the banks are ready to issue loans to for organizing a small business.
The following requirements are imposed on a client who is a small business:
- Possession of liquid property(equipment, real estate, securities, etc.). If a businessman can provide a valuable collateral to secure a future loan, the bank will almost always meet halfway, since collateral is the best money-back guarantee. However, it is important to understand that the value of the collateral must exceed the loan amount by 150-200%.
- The age of the company. This criterion is especially important for individual entrepreneurs, although there is little trust in firms that have not managed to earn a reputation. For this reason, it is recommended to register the company in advance, thereby increasing the likelihood of the bank's approval of the loan application.
- Profitability. The company may not be new, but the profit is almost zero. Such a company may not be given money for development. Banks do not require incredible profitability, but at least minimum percentage have to show.
- Business plan. It is required when it is not a question of loans for current activities. The bank's specialists will definitely familiarize themselves with it to make sure that the money will be used to purchase liquid property. Loans for payroll or rent are reluctant.
- Credit history and reputation. While history is easy to verify, reputation is more complicated. By sending a request to the BKI, the bank will be able to find out exactly how the client previously fulfilled his obligations. The bank will be able to learn about the reputation based on the reviews of business partners.
Based on the foregoing, it is obvious that it is extremely difficult to get a loan for a small business:
- indeed, there is no history as such yet;
- age is not yet great;
- a business plan is not the most important of the criteria;
- and the lack of liquid assets can completely diminish all hopes for a profitable loan.
That is why, in the end, one of two options is often used:
- Draw up a loan for an individual (director, founder, owner).
- Participate in the state program.
In the first case there is a standard procedure for obtaining a loan, such as a consumer loan. Most often, only two documents are used: passport and size confirmation monthly income... And here there is the main difficulty, since it is quite difficult to confirm the size of the individual entrepreneur's income, since he does not receive a salary.
Disadvantages of this solution:
- a loan to an individual cannot be reflected in the expense item when the entrepreneur calculates the taxable base;
- limitation on the amount of the loan (significantly less) and on the timing of its return;
- the borrower himself has to come to terms with the fact that the bank will have to repay the loan even if the company goes bankrupt.
The second option is much more promising.- receiving a grant or loan from the state. There are even gratuitous loans that entrepreneurs who fulfill the conditions of the state program do not even need to return. To obtain such a loan, you will need to take part in a state program or become a grant recipient.
The main difficulty here lies in the observance of a large number of formalities. In addition, entrepreneurs will have to prove their business acumen and interest officials in their innovative projects.
Loans to small businesses from the state in 2019
If we compare 2019 with 2019, then there is a reduction in government funding of concessional financing for small businesses.
Get a loan from the state for preferential terms enterprises will be able to:
- where there are no more than 100 employees on the staff;
- annual turnover for all accounts does not exceed 400 million rubles;
- the applicant must prove his own solvency;
- showcase a positive story.
The process of obtaining a loan in general outline looks like that:
- An application for obtaining government loan and is submitted to the regional Fund for the Support of Entrepreneurship.
- At the same time, the financial statements of the enterprise are submitted to the bank working with the Fund for a comprehensive study.
- After approval of the application and the documentation submitted by the applicant, the Fund transfers the money to the bank and the bank issues the loan to the applicant.
In the Foundation for the Support of Entrepreneurship (local territorial division), you can find out a lot of useful information:
Each territorial subdivision operates on the basis of.
Table 1. Basic conditions of preferential state lending to small businesses in 2019
Express loans
Compares favorably with the usual speed of its registration. Most often, individual entrepreneurs resort to this type of borrowing of working capital, since the requirements for the borrower are minimal and in the absence of a negative history, the probability of getting an express loan is almost 100%.
All express loans are unsecured, and this is another of their undoubted advantage. The company does not have to prepare documentation for the pledge, draw up encumbrances, the very procedure for obtaining the required amount takes several times less time than with the standard one.
Expenses for an express loan include a commission (1-2% of the loan amount), as well as interest for the use of borrowed funds.
You can reduce the rate by choosing targeted borrowing, for example, for the purchase of transport, replenishment of working capital, etc. By providing the bank with a pledge and guarantors, you can reduce the interest rate by 5-7%.
Interest rates for this banking product usually high and amount to 25-30% per annum.
For example, in Sberbank, the "Trust" loan for small business is a very profitable product aimed at providing a loan in the shortest possible time.
Table 2. Terms of the "Trust" loan in Sberbank.
A loan on such conditions can be issued to those enterprises whose annual turnover does not exceed 60 million rubles.
Investment
Investment loans are an effective tool for business development. The process of processing and approving applications from entrepreneurs for an investment loan is rather complicated.
Its main principles are:
- For the bank, the intentions of the entrepreneur in relation to borrowed funds are of great importance, even more than his real one. financial position... Therefore, the package of documents includes a feasibility study - a feasibility study.
- The interest on the future loan should be significantly less than the expected return on investment.
- The borrowing period is determined individually, depending on what the payback period for this particular investment project will be (the borrowing period is not less than the payback period).
- If the project is very promising, then the bank can even provide the borrower Grace period, during which the client will repay only the interest on the loan.
If we turn to the practice of issuing investment loans to representatives of small and medium-sized businesses, then often we are talking about money for:
- construction of production facilities:
- equipment procurement;
- setting up the production of agricultural products;
- a loan for the purchase of a ready-made business, etc.
The company concludes an investment agreement with the bank, according to. classifies contracts for obtaining investments to mixed type agreements, since its parties can be not only a bank and a small business representative, but also the state.
Express loans and investment loans to small businesses in Russian banks
The conditions for granting loans, as well as the amount of loans provided in domestic banks, are quite different. This opens up opportunities for businessmen to conclude an agreement with the bank on favorable terms.
Such conditions optimally correspond to the current financial situation of the borrower. Table 3 shows the current offers of the largest Russian banks for small businesses.
Table 3. Conditions for the provision of express loans and investment loans small business in the largest Russian banks as of 01.10.2016
| Name of the bank | Express loan | Investment loan |
| Sberbank (client's annual revenue - up to 60 million rubles.) | Term - up to 3 years, maximum amount - 5 million rubles, interest rate - from 16% |
Term from 3 months. up to 10 years, rate - from 14.48%, client's own contribution - from 10% of the project cost, maximum amount - up to 200 million rubles., deferral of the principal debt - up to 1 year. |
| Rosselkhozbank | Term - up to 3 years, maximum amount - up to 4 million rubles., interest rate - individual. |
Term - up to 15 years, maximum amount - up to 200 million rubles., deferral of repayment of the principal debt - up to 18 months. |
| Alfa-Bank (customer's annual revenue up to 350 million rubles.) | Term - up to 3 years, maximum amount - up to 6 million rubles., interest rate - from 14.5%. |
Terms, amounts and rates are determined individually. |
| VTB 24 | Term - up to 3 years, maximum amount - 4 million rubles, interest rate - from 15%. |
Sum - from 850 thousand rubles, term - up to 10 years, rate - from 13.5%. |
| Raiffeisenbank (customer's annual revenue up to 55 million rubles. in year) | Term - up to 4 years; maximum amount - 4.5 million rubles; |
Term - up to 5 years, maximum amount - up to 4.5 million rubles., interest rate - individually. |
Business plan loan
The peculiarity of lending according to a business plan is that an entrepreneur who wants to get a loan from a bank prepares a package of documentation in which he justifies the following points:
- Money is required for a specific purpose, now and for a specific period.
- The loan will be used to maximize the benefits.
- Loan repayment in the current state of affairs will not be difficult for the borrower.
A detailed business plan is a large volume of documents, therefore, for the approval of applications, a compressed version of only 4-10 pages is submitted, no more.
In the overwhelming majority of cases, business plans are prepared according to a standard scheme:
- described economic potential enterprises, as well as the size of the current profitability and projected after receiving the loan, all cost groups are listed in detail;
- the marketing plan describes all the activities that will be implemented by the enterprise in order to bring its product to a given sales volume;
- the technical part, which describes the product, the necessary modifications, as a result of which it will be possible to increase the sales volume.
The first thing to be done banking specialists in the process of considering the business plan presented by the potential borrower, this is an assessment of the risks associated with the repayment of the loan. when financing business projects, it is almost never used.
Therefore, in the document itself, there is necessarily a section of risk assessment by the borrower himself, where a justification for all categories of risks must be provided. After reviewing the submitted condensed business plan, the bank examines the project and decides whether to approve the application immediately or consider a detailed business plan.
Based on the results of the study, the enterprise is offered the conditions for the presentation of a loan. Most often conditions:
- individual;
- taking into account risks;
- taking into account the current financial position of the enterprise.
As a rule, those banks that are developing the direction of financing small businesses, on their websites offer a sample description of the business for obtaining a loan for review. This information gives you a clear idea of how to prepare your project before submitting it to a particular bank.
Banks rating for small business
Large marketing and analytical agencies (Moody’s, Rus-rating, NRA, etc.) regularly publish ratings of banks, including those that offer the most profitable loans to small businesses.
- annual gross volume of loans for small business development;%
- range of services provided;
- completeness of online service and other indicators.
- by assets - the value of the bank's property, the size of its capital, the sum of all liabilities of small businesses to the bank, the volume of securities, etc .;
- credit - compiled on the basis of the volume of loans issued.
The source of reliable information about financial sustainability any commercial bank is the Central Bank. The regulator's website regularly publishes data on the solvency of the largest players in the banking business, from where you can get information about the banks of interest.
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Choosing a bank for a small business loan for an entrepreneur is a very difficult decision. It is necessary not only to compare the conditions for providing investments.
It is also necessary to compare the reliability of the credit institution, as well as take into account the real possibilities for the timely repayment of the loan, together with interest. Real help in finding the best option obtaining a loan can be provided by brokerage organizations.
Video: IncomePoint.tv: Small Business Loans.
In the article you will learn about the conditions concessional lending small and medium-sized businesses in Russia. Which banks provide soft loans to entrepreneurs, what conditions and interest rates and for the development of which business you can get a preferential loan.
What is concessional lending
To motivate businessmen to start their own business and its further development, the state has developed a program of concessional lending for individual entrepreneurs and legal entities.
It has the following features:
- low interest rate;
- extended crediting period;
- simplified registration procedure;
- provision of security in the form of a guarantee.
At the state level, the SME Corporation was formed, which is engaged in supporting the owners of small and medium-sized businesses. She cooperates with several banks that provide soft loans to entrepreneurs. Banks, in turn, act as intermediaries between the state and borrowers.
As of August 2017, there are 39 agreements with major Russian banks. Among them are only verified and reliable lenders located in every region of the country.
Conditions for obtaining preferential loans
Receiving state support small business is a crucial step towards the development of your own business. Loans on privileges have a number of restrictions that do not allow everyone to receive funds.
A potential borrower must meet the criteria:
- annual turnover no more than 800 million rubles;
- the company has up to 100 employees;
- the company is registered on the territory of the Russian Federation;
- positive credit history;
- absence of debts to the state for tax payments and off-budget funds;
- the enterprise is not threatened with bankruptcy.
Credit incentives are available to all areas of the market, except for the following:
- gambling area;
- related to excisable goods;
- extraction and sale of minerals;
- credit companies;
- insurance firms;
- investment funds;
- non-state pension funds;
- pawnshops;
- brokers and other participants in the stock market.
Potential borrowers may include the following categories:
- legal entities (various associations, partnerships, farms and cooperatives).
Preferential business lending at Sberbank
Sberbank offers its clients several tariffs for preferential lending. The most attractive interest rates can be seen in the Entrepreneurs Incentive Program, in which the bank is a partner of the SME Corporation. You can see the conditions for issuing preferential loans at Sberbank in the table.
You can apply for.
| Tariff plan name | % bid | Amount, rub. | Term |
| SME incentive program | 10,6% | from 10 million to 1 billion | up to 3 years |
| Confidence () | 16,5 — 18,5% | from 100,000 to 3,000,000 | up to 3 children |
| Express Overdraft | 15,5% | from 50,000 to 1,000,000 | up to 1 year |
| Business Turnover | from 11.8% | from 150,000 | up to 3 years |
| Business Invest | from 11.8% | from 150,000 | up to 10 years |
Such concessional loans to small businesses as "Trust" and "Express-Overdraft" are provided without collateral. All you need is to prepare a package of documents and submit an application. "Business-Turnover" and "Business-Invest" have reduced interest rates, but for their registration you will need collateral.
Concessional lending table in other banks
| Bank name and tariff plan | % bid | Amount, rub. | Term |
| LOKO-Bank | |||
| 1. To replenish working capital | from 9.25 to 14.55% | from 300,000 to 150,000,000 | up to 3 years |
| 2. To replenish equipment | from 12.75 to 15.25% | from 300,000 to 150,000,000 | from 6 months to 5 years |
| 3. For the purchase of special vehicles of special equipment | from 10.55 to 15.25% | from 300,000 to 150,000,000 | from 6 months to 5 years |
| 4. Investment | from 9.45 to 13.75% | from 600,000 to 150,000,000 | from 6 months to 7 years |
| 5. For the purchase of real estate | from 9.25 to 14.75% | from 10 00 000 to 150 000 000 | up to 10 years |
| Uralsib | |||
| 1. Business Invest | from 13.1% | from 300,000 to 170,000,000 | from 6 months to 5 years |
| 2. Business Turnover | from 14.3% | from 500,000 to 170,000,000 | from 6 months to 3 years |
| Promsvyazbank | |||
| 1. Credit-Business | from 13.7% | from 3,000,000 to 150,000,000 | up to 15 years |
| 2. Loan for loan | from 13.7% | from 1,000,000 to 150,000,000 | up to 3 years |
| 3. It's all about | 13.7% (fixed) | up to 5,000,000 | up to 5 years |
| 4. Simplified | from 13.7% | from 500,000 to 3,000,000 | up to 5 years |
| VTB Bank of Moscow | |||
| 1. Business perspective | from 11.5% | from 3,000,000 to 150,000,000 | up to 7 years |
| 2. Turnover | from 11.5% | from 1,000,000 to 150,000,000 | up to 2 years |
| 3. For business development | from 11.5% | up to 150,000,000 | up to 7 years |
| 4. Commercial mortgage | from 11.5% | from 1,000,000 to 150,000,000 | up to 7 years |
How does a consumer loan differ from a small business loan?
Bank loan products can be issued by both individuals and legal entities. Only the types of loans for them will be different. The former can take a consumer loan for citizens, and the latter - a loan for business. However, no one prohibits the owner of the company from applying for himself, as an individual, an ordinary consumer loan. Let's find out what is more profitable and easier to arrange.
In Russia, statistics show that interest on consumer loans is much higher than on loans to organizations. This is due, first of all, to the reliability of the borrowers. The most risky among the latter are ordinary citizens and individual entrepreneurs, and not the owners of a well-established business.
At the same time, a consumer loan for a business does not have a purpose as such, you have the right to spend money on buying a car, equipment for the company or making repairs in the office. Most loans for legal entities are strictly special purpose... You will have to report to the bank about the expense of funds from the account and collect supporting documents, which is not always convenient.
It takes a little time to obtain a consumer loan for a small business, compared to a loan for an organization. In addition, the list of documents in the second case is quite voluminous. At the same time, legal entities can receive an amount of several hundred million, but banks do not provide such an opportunity to citizens.
We have summarized the main differences between the two types of loans in the table.
To choose which option to use, you need to consider for what purposes the money is needed and how much you would like to receive. If you are just starting your journey as a businessman and are taking funds to open your own company, then it is better to take a consumer loan. You will save time and do not have to report to the bank for your expenses.
If you want to get large sum and spend it exclusively for the needs of the company - fill out an application for a legal entity. In this case, the interest will be less, and the term will be longer. If you want to spend money for personal purposes, then it is better to apply for consumer lending.
Preferential aid from the state
In addition to concessional lending, the state also offers small business owners. They vary by region, so not all forms of assistance may be available to everyone. You can find information about the types of support in your area on information resources or in your local administration.
The main part of assistance from the state includes the following areas:
- sums of money to start-up entrepreneurs provided through employment centers (in the form of annual unemployment benefits);
- grants for the development of innovative projects;
- partial reimbursement of bank interest (the entrepreneur must pay the main debt on his own);
- compensation of interest on leasing;
- tax incentives (for example, tax holidays);
- training for new entrepreneurs on preferential terms (various business incubators);
- provision of a workplace for rent at a low price;
- sale of state property on favorable terms;
- lawyer consulting;
- holding all kinds of fairs where entrepreneurs can present their own innovations.
How to get a soft loan
Getting bank benefits is an opportunity to save on interest that every businessman dreams of. However, the issuance of money on such conditions implies the existence of strict requirements for applicants for a loan.
The firm must meet the following selection criteria:
- at least 6 months have passed since the registration;
- break-even activity;
- no debts in taxes and contributions during extrabudgetary funds;
- good credit history;
- absence of debts in other banks;
- the firm is not involved in fraudulent transactions.
To receive funds on preferential terms, you will need to collect a list of documents:
- passport of the applicant (owner of the company);
- registration papers from the Federal Tax Service;
- constituent documents;
- bail certificates;
- statements of available current accounts with other banks;
- certificates of absence of debts to the budget;
- annual statements or quarterly balance sheet;
- tax return;
- business plan (if you are just starting your project).
To receive preferential loans, you need to choose one of the banks. If you are interested in assistance with state participation, then you should contact credit organizations that have signed agreements with the SME Corporation. Among this list there are 39 banks, the names of which are contained on the Corporation's website.
The procedure is a regular appeal to the bank. You collect a package of documents and wait for a decision. If your application is approved, the amount specified in the agreement will be transferred to the account.
Interest rate
The program to stimulate lending from SMEs provides a rate for owners of firms in the amount of 10.6% per annum. It consists of the sum of the following indicators:
- 6,5% — annual percentage on loans from the Bank of Russia for commercial banks;
- 0.1% - the Corporation's commission for providing collateral from SMEs commercial banks before the Central Bank of the Russian Federation;
- 4% - a premium for creditor banks (profit) for each borrower.
Loan programs offered by banks have more high interest rates, but their value does not exceed 18.5%. In general, the company receives money at 30% per annum, which quite strongly affects the final profit of the enterprise. Therefore, government incentives are an excellent source of funding to make the necessary purchases.
Lending terms
State support at the head of the SME Corporation implies the issuance of funds for a period of up to 3 years. This does not mean that the loan will be limited to this period. You can receive funds even for 10 years, depending on the type of program and the policy of the bank. But at the same time, the period of state aid will extend for a maximum of 3 years.
As soon as 36 months are over, you will begin to pay interest according to the loan agreement without any benefits. This condition does not apply to entrepreneurs who issue funds directly from the bank. For the entire period of debt repayment, the clauses of the agreement will not change, and you will pay the same (originally agreed) payment.
Also, banks are ready to meet entrepreneurs halfway, which is expressed in the preparation of an individual repayment schedule. In it, you can prescribe a delay in making the first payment. Accordingly, the debt repayment date will be postponed to a later time. During this period, you will be able to implement your business ideas and prepare the amount for the first installment.
From the above table, you and I can see which banks give loans to businesses. Let's take a look at what entrepreneurs should pay attention to when looking for a bank. The main selection criteria are:
the popularity of the bank (new banks lend to business with caution, and therefore offer inflated rates and various commissions. The larger the bank, the more loyal the conditions for receiving funds);
the ramification of credit programs (the more programs, the better. You can choose the target loan you are interested in on the most favorable terms);
commissions (some banks issue money with a commission, which on average takes up to 2% of the loan amount);
the possibility of early repayment (it is better to choose a bank where such a service is provided. There are also credit organizations that allow you to repay a loan ahead of schedule only after a certain time - from 3 months to 2 years. During this time, you will overpay a lot);
concessional lending ( large banks cooperate with the state and offer loans at low rates and for a long time);
the presence of a current account (if you already have an account with one of the banks, then you should apply for a loan here. There will be favorable conditions and advantages for you);
a list of documents (choosing a bank offering a simple package of papers for a loan, you will receive a high interest rate. more complete list documents, the higher the likelihood of reducing interest to the minimum level);
collateral (some banks require full collateral for the loan, others do without it. Keep in mind that the presence of collateral or guarantors makes you a more reliable borrower, and therefore there is a chance to get a large amount).
How to get a loan and what is needed for this
Now let's find out what it takes to get a loan. Firstly, it is worth considering this nuance: loans for medium-sized businesses are issued only to registered legal entities. The same applies to individual entrepreneurs. If the opening of a business has not yet taken place, then this will become an obstacle to obtaining credit funds. Moreover, many banks finance only the business that was registered at least 3 months ago.
The procedure for obtaining bank loans for legal entities consists of the following steps:
choose a bank and decide where to get a loan;
we find out the terms of lending (you can read them on the website or contact the department);
we collect a package of documents (for this you need to visit the tax office, a notary, collect all the papers with regards to the collateral);
we submit an application (you can apply for a loan through the bank's website or directly at its branch. In the first case, it is enough to indicate a little information about your company, contact information and the desired conditions for the loan. Within some time, the operator will call you and inform you of a preliminary decision. If it is positive, then you need to visit a bank branch. When submitting an application through an employee in a branch of a credit institution, you may immediately be informed of a preliminary answer);
then the procedure for evaluating your collateral goes through (the specialist will find out the value of the collateral, and also assess the reliability of the guarantors);
making a decision by the bank (the waiting period lasts from several hours to 2 weeks. It all depends on the amount you declared, the purposes of lending and the bank's policy. The latter will study your creditworthiness and may draw attention to your previous experience of repaying loans in another bank);
if the application is approved, the operator will call you and invite you to sign the documents;
then you need to familiarize yourself with the terms of the agreement, the repayment schedule, check and sign all the necessary papers;
within a few days the amount will be transferred to your account, about which you will be notified by the bank employee.
After you receive the loan amount, the bank will periodically show interest in spending your funds if the loan was taken for specific purposes. You will need to provide supporting documentation for the entire duration of the contract.
The bank will also monitor the value of your collateral. Employees can arrange a visit to the location of the property and check its integrity, as well as compliance with the conditions stated in the contract.
What documents are needed to obtain a business loan
Depending on the terms of lending, Russian banks may require different documents for obtaining a loan. Some of them will relate to registration, which are necessary for the proper conduct of business, and some are financial reports, with the help of which the bank judges the reliability of the borrower.
The first block of documents includes the following:
taxpayer registration form with the Federal Tax Service (in the form of a certificate);
constituent documents certified by a notary;
a card with samples of signatures and seals;
orders for the appointment of persons with access to operations on a credit account;
information about the branch network of the company;
licenses and patents for activities.
balance sheet for the last reporting year;
balance sheet for the past quarter;
certificates of operations on settlement accounts opened with other banks (for a period of up to 1 year);
certificates of absence of debt to the state;
statements on available loans from other banks (not all banks lend if there is an existing debt).
Also, the specifics of the agreement with the bank may require the following documents for obtaining a loan:
bail papers;
agreements that you have signed with business partners;
business plan (if you want to get support for project financing).
General requirements for borrowers
When issuing loans for small businesses, the bank risks own funds... And taking into account the fact that the funds are provided are considerable, then the bank can lose a significant part of its capital. To mitigate the risks associated with the unfairness of borrowers, credit institutions impose a number of requirements on potential clients.
Lending banks pay attention to following conditions:
the period of the company's existence (it cannot be less than 3 months, although many banks lend to legal entities registered no earlier than a year ago);
the activities of the company do not bring losses (for this, the financial statements are carefully checked);
availability of security (it can be a pledge, surety of third parties or guarantees);
no overdue debts in other banks and good credit history;
the firm is not involved in fraud;
a legal entity regularly pays taxes and contributions to off-budget funds;
if a loan is issued to an individual who owns the company, then his age at the time of completion of the contract should not exceed 70 years (some banks deviate from this rule);
the borrower is a resident, and the company is located in the region where the bank is located.
Which business is most often approved for issuing a loan?
Commercial banks lend to both start-up businesses and those registered a few years ago. Trends in the issuance of funds have not changed for a long time: there are several topical areas that banks are very willing to lend. So which small business is credited to?
Among the areas of lending are:
production (especially if you are engaged in demanded technology, equipment);
Agriculture(in this area, and government programs, which are actively picked up by many large banks);
highly liquid sales (such a business pays off at a high rate, which gives the bank hope for a loan repayment. Drinks, including alcohol, tea and coffee are sold quickly and with a maximum mark-up. In this area, it is easy to get a loan for small businesses);
the sphere of real estate (today this area is in great demand, and new housing is in special demand among the population. Construction of inexpensive housing with subsequent resale is a fairly common type of business);
socially significant projects (services for the population, for example, small kindergartens, schools, etc. The loan is issued for small businesses, mainly for individual entrepreneurs);
infrastructure development.
At the same time, there are oversaturated areas that are not suitable for a business from scratch, since banks are reluctant to lend to them. These include:
small trade;
restaurants and cafes;
travel agencies and others.
In what cases is a deposit required?
The conditions for obtaining loans for legal entities are often associated with collateral. It is not required in the following cases:
loan amount up to 3,000,000 rubles;
the loan is issued for any purpose;
loan term - from several months to 1 year.
If you want to get a loan on the most favorable terms and even for a large amount, then collateral will become a prerequisite when submitting an application. Also, a deposit will be required in the following situations:
the acquisition of property, which you will be able to dispose of only after the loan is paid off (you buy an object, which becomes a pledge);
for any types of targeted lending (for working capital, real estate, transport, equipment, etc.);
long-term lending (programs for a period of up to 20 years are not issued without collateral);
loan with state support.
If you want the application to have a high chance of approval, then it is better to provide the bank with a collateral. Moreover, its amount can be from 70% of the cost of the loan. An accurate assessment of your property is made by a specialist on the date of taking out a loan and periodically during the term of the agreement with the bank.
The pledge can be:
movable and real estate(buildings, cars, plots of land);
machinery and equipment;
securities;
deposits;
company goods and stocks;
property rights etc.
Average interest rates and what they depend on
In 2017, interest rates on loans to legal entities in different banks vary from 10 to 30%. They depend on a large number of indicators, as well as the policy pursued by the credit institution. The main criteria affecting the value of the rate are as follows:
credit amount;
loan terms;
currency of payments;
availability of security;
company size;
the industry in which the legal entity is employed;
participation of the state in supporting business;
financial indicators borrower;
the creditworthiness of the debtor;
previous lending experience legal entity;
availability of a current account with the creditor bank;
the current situation in the country.
The lowest percentages are offered to large and reliable companies with extensive experience in repaying loans on time. The state can allocate funds to support business, and if it cooperates with a bank, then you are entitled to receive an interest rate equal to 9.6%. For individual entrepreneurs, the rates will be slightly higher, since this category of borrowers poses high risks for banks.
The presence of collateral also greatly simplifies and speeds up the process of approving a loan application for LLC and other forms of business. At the same time, you can get a loan at an attractive interest rate. The property is transferred to the management of the bank, which means that if you are unable to repay the debt, the credit institution will sell the collateral and return its funds.
Average loan terms for small and medium-sized businesses
All types of loans for business are issued for a specific period:
up to 12 months (short-term lending);
from one to 5 years (medium term);
up to 15 years (Long-term).
The most relevant term for providing financing to small businesses is a period of up to 3 years. The bank can issue large sums to large companies for 5 years. The higher the term, the more risks bank related to the loss of funds.
Medium-term loans are targeted and are issued for:
purchase of working capital;
for business development;
investment projects etc.
You have the right to reduce the loan term if the terms of the agreement with the bank allow it. If there is a financial opportunity, then you can return the funds earlier without overpaying the loan. Some banks have developed a system of fees and penalties for early repayment... This point should be clarified immediately when choosing a bank. The latter does not want to lose his profit, and therefore tries in every possible way to limit the client's freedom of action in relation to borrowed funds.
What to do if you are denied a loan
A bank's refusal to obtain a loan for a business is not uncommon. Moreover, banks are often silent about the reasons for such an action, which is due to the rules of their work. If the credit institution has not approved your application, this is a reason to think about what nuances were not taken into account in the procedure for processing funds.
Which bank gives a loan without refusal? There is no unequivocal answer to it, since each bank has its own policy, operating procedures, and no one canceled human mistakes.
In case of refusal, it is recommended to wait a while and start your own business in order to subsequently submit reapplication(possibly to another bank). Reviews of numerous bank clients say that you should pay more attention to the preparation process before applying for a loan.
Don't forget to consider the following points:
collect a package of documents in a complete set (papers must be properly certified with the necessary signatures and seals. If the bank requires originals, then copies will not work. Certificates have their own expiration date, which is better to clarify in advance with the credit institution. Also, do not neglect the form with credit history, which will tell the bank a lot about you);
provide high-quality collateral for the loan (if you attract guarantors, then the bank should not doubt their solvency. These persons must also provide the maximum possible package of documents and, most importantly, confirm their own financial solvency. It would be better if the value of the collateral provided exceeds the declared amount of the loan. So the bank will have more confidence in the return of its own funds);
you should not apply for a loan by power of attorney through third parties and specialized firms. Banks are wary of these categories of borrowers and prefer to deal with the top officials of the company;
give Special attention financial statements firms (put all the papers in order, the bank should not have suspicions of their authenticity)
When applying for a loan, study the conditions of the bank in advance. Perhaps they stipulate the nuances under which your company does not fall as a borrower, and this will become a 100% refusal to issue money. And remember that any refusal to issue bank loans (even through no fault of yours) is reflected in your credit history, which may cause banks to reluctance to cooperate with you. Therefore, after a refusal, you should not immediately visit many banks, it is enough to wait a while.
Hello, dear readers of the site business magazine! In this article, we will tell you how to get a loan to start and develop a small business from scratch and where you can get an unsecured loan for your business.
It's no secret that a lot of money is required to create and develop your own business. But entrepreneurs do not always have sufficient funds. Most of them have to be content with what they have.
However, a way out can always be found... If funds are insufficient, they may become registration of a loan for business ... It is to this topic that our today's publication is devoted.
After reading the presented article from start to finish, you will learn:
- What are the features of lending to small and medium-sized businesses;
- What you need to get a loan to start a business from scratch;
- What are the stages you need to go through to get a loan for the development of a small business.
At the end of the article, we will try to answer the most popular questions about business loans.
The presented publication will be useful to those entrepreneurs who are planning to get a business loan. It will not be superfluous to carefully read the article for those who are fond of finance. As they say, time is money ... So you shouldn't lose it start reading now!
About what loans for starting / developing a business are, how to get a loan for small and medium-sized businesses from scratch and where you can get a loan for business purposes without collateral - read in this issue
1. Loans to small and medium-sized businesses - starting and developing a business using borrowed funds
It can be difficult to get a loan for business development. It is even more difficult to get money to start a small or medium-sized business.
It is important to understand that most banks are suspicious of entrepreneurs and newly formed companies. This is especially true of those businessmen who cannot provide serious evidence of their own solvency.
It is quite possible to understand creditors. The bank is not a charitable organization, so it is important for it to be sure that the loaned money will be returned on time. The easiest way to get a loan is to those businessmen who have been successfully operating for a long time.
There are several ways to get business start-up loan ... However, for their registration the borrower must meet certain criteria... Often, the conditions for starting businessmen are quite tough. All of them are designed to guarantee the bank a timely repayment of debt.
Credit organizations offer small businesses a wide variety of programs. However, most of them do not want to cooperate with entrepreneurs and individuals. Starting a business from scratch is always associated with high risks... Lenders are reluctant to take over.
Quite often the created business projects turn out to be unprofitable. If this happens, there will be no one to repay the debts.
Banks that provide loans for small businesses often take the following measures to reduce their own risks:
- the requirement for additional security in the form of a surety or pledge;
- registration of an insurance policy;
- increase in the interest rate on the loan;
- require the provision of a detailed business plan if you want to start a new business;
- develop loan programs with a large number of additional restrictions and conditions;
- careful study of information about the future borrower.
If the business has been operating for several years, it will be easier to get money on credit.
There are special credit programs with government support , which are designed for those who do business in an area beneficial to the government.
For example, there are programs for creating production in the Far East or the Far North.
If a beginner businessman lacks a small amount to start an activity, it is often easier and more profitable to arrange inappropriate consumer loan ... In this case, you will have to prove your solvency as an individual.
If you want to get a loan for a business, a credit institution must specify the purpose of receiving funds.
Most often, the following business objectives act as the purpose of lending:
- purchase of additional or improved equipment;
- acquisition of patents and licenses.
Banks are not willing to give loans for all purposes. They prefer to issue loans exclusively for financially promising tasks.
The loan repayment period is determined individually, depending on the tasks that are supposed to be solved using the money received:
- If the purpose of obtaining a loan is to increase working capital, the repayment period is usually does not exceed 1 year ;
- If a loan is issued for the purchase of equipment or the opening of new branches, the loan is usually allocated from 3 to 5 years .
Novice businessmen should be prepared that, in order to confirm their solvency, they may need to provide pledge ... Usually used as collateral liquid high-value property.
Most often, banks accept as collateral:
- real estate;
- vehicles;
- equipment;
- securities.
Other property that is in demand on the market can also be provided as collateral.
In addition to the availability of high-quality collateral, banks take into account the following criteria:
- High quality credit history. Malicious violators of credit agreements are unlikely to be able to get a large loan;
- Financial indicators are taken into account when issuing loans by operating organizations;
- The presence and quality of business reputation;
- The place that the company occupies in the market, as well as its position in the industry;
- The quantity and quality of fixed assets. Other components of the material and technical base of the business are also considered.
All of the above requirements significantly complicate the process of obtaining a loan for companies and entrepreneurs.
Businessmen do not always manage to independently select a suitable loan program and cope with all the requirements of the bank. If such a situation arises, it makes sense to contact credit brokers .
These companies help in obtaining loans. But you should be as careful as possible and do not transfer funds before the loan is issued... There are many scammers among brokers.
Popular types of loans for small and medium-sized businesses
2. What are the loans for business - 5 main types of loans
The choice of the type of loan for small and medium-sized businesses should be based on the unique characteristics of a particular activity.
It is important to consider that there are a number of cases when it is more expedient for novice businessmen to use consumer programs of non-targeted lending to individuals. Having issued such a loan, citizens have the right spend the funds received at your own discretion.
Do not forget that there are several types of loans for business. The most popular are described below.
Type 1. Traditional loan
Classic business loans are issued for the following purposes:
- if you want to work for yourself and start your own business;
- on the development of an existing business;
- to build up working capital;
- for the purchase of equipment and other fixed assets.
By target loans designed for the implementation of certain business tasks, the rate in most cases turns out to be approximately by 1.5 -3% below ↓... It is determined by the selected lender as well as the program.
On average in the market, the rate is about 15 % ... In most cases, when providing collateral, it can be significantly reduced. The size of a traditional business loan is determined the borrower's goals as well as the selected program... The range can be very large.
Banks offer both small loans in the amount of only a few million, and large loans in the amount of several tens of millions. At the same time, an entrepreneur will be able to take a smaller amount than companies of medium and large businesses. .
View 2. Overdraft
This loan can be obtained from the bank by the owners of card and current accounts. Most often, overdrafts are used by medium and large organizations.
Overdraft Is a type of lending that provides the borrower the ability to withdraw money from the account in an amount exceeding its balance. For the use of funds in excess of those placed on the account, its owner is forced to pay interest.
This service allows companies to liquidate cash gaps ... They represent situations when there is not enough money in an account owned by an organization to meet current financial obligations. After receipt of funds from debtors to the borrower's account, they go to repay the resulting debt.
The overdraft interest rate is determined by a huge number of criteria:
- the amount of turnovers on the account;
- the degree of the bank's confidence in the borrower;
- term of service in a specific credit institution, etc.
On average in the market, the rate varies within from 12 to 18% per annum ... An important feature of the overdraft is no need to provide security in the form of collateral or guarantors.
View 3. Credit line
Credit line is a loan issued not immediately in full, but in small installments. In this case, the businessman borrows money at regular intervals.
The credit line is convenient for the client because he can use only that part of the loan that he needs for this moment... At the same time, borrowing costs will be optimized, since interest calculation is carried out only on the basis of current debt.
An important concept when studying the issue of providing a credit line is tranche ... It is a part of funds that is issued at a time.
An important condition is that the total amount owed at any given time should not exceed total credit line limit.
In accordance with the agreement, tranches can be provided to the client at regular intervals or as needed. In the latter case, the borrower must write an application for a part of the loan.
Type 4. Bank guarantee
In fact, bank guarantee it can be called a loan only with a slight stretch.
It is much more accurate to speak of her as about the type of surety, as well as the type of insurance against the risks of default. If such a situation occurs, the customer's expenses will be compensated for by the bank guarantee.
Most often it is used in the field public procurement, and tenders... Here the guarantee acts as a guarantee of the fulfillment of obligations under the concluded government contracts.
It is important to carefully study the basic concepts, as well as the principles of work. bank guarantee.
There are 3 parties involved in the transaction under consideration:
- The bank is most often the guarantor of the transaction. It is he who assumes the fulfillment of obligations in case of violation of the terms of the contract;
- The principal is the contractor. The bank guarantee is concluded in case of default by this person;
- Beneficiary - the customer under the concluded contract. He must be sure that the implementation of the agreement will be carried out in full.
Knowing which parties are involved in the conclusion of the bank guarantee, it is easy to understand the mechanism of its action:
- The beneficiary and the principal enter into a contract with each other. The customer (beneficiary) in this case requires to ensure that it will be executed timely and in full... Such confidence is especially important when concluding government contracts, as well as orders for the execution of large volumes of work or the supply of large quantities of goods.
- To prove your reliability, as well as to insure risks, the contractor provides the customer with a guarantee for the amount of the contract. If, for some reason, he cannot fulfill his obligations, the bank will pay to the customer cash.
However, the bank will not remain at a loss either. For obtaining a bank guarantee, the principal pays the guarantor a certain commission ... Moreover, after payment of funds to the beneficiary, the guarantor has the right to claim this amount from the principal.
View 5. Specific loans
In addition to the types of loans discussed above, there are specific types of loans for business. These usually include factoring and leasing.
1) Factoring
Factoring is semblance of commodity credit which is provided to the business by banks or specialized companies.
The factoring scheme looks simple:
- The buyer receives from the seller the goods necessary for doing business ( for example, raw materials and equipment).
- A credit institution (bank or factoring company) pays the invoice for the buyer.
- Subsequently, the lender gradually receives money back from the buyer.
The benefits of factoring are obvious to all 3 parties:
- Customer can purchase the goods he needs without waiting for a sufficient amount to be accumulated.
- Salesman immediately receives funds without the need to provide installments.
- Bank or factoring company for the provision of funds receive income in the form percent... In some cases, the rate under the factoring agreement is not provided. At the same time, the seller gives the bank a discount on the price. The lender receives from the buyer the value of the goods in full.
Keep in mind that factoring refers to short-term loans. It will have to be repaid much faster than traditional loans. Usually the term under the contract does not exceed six months.
The buyer does not always know that the right to claim the debt from him has been assigned to a third party. He may think that the store has provided him with the goods in installments. In this case, they talk about closed factoring... If the counterparties act openly (they have agreed on all the terms of the transaction), there is open factoring.
2) Leasing
A competently and professionally drawn up document helps to determine the further business development strategy. Without it, it is difficult to determine what the costs and revenues will be, which means whether the business will be profitable.
It is the business plan that reflects how it is planned to use the money received on credit from the bank.
But do not forget that a business plan is a document consisting of several dozen pages. Naturally, bank employees do not have enough time to study such a document. Therefore, for a loan, they provide a short version of it which contains no more than 10 pages .
By precisely following the conditions described above, the borrower can significantly increase the likelihood of a positive decision on the loan application.
4. What are the features of small business loans without collateral and guarantors - important nuances of unsecured loans
In the struggle for customers, banks often simplify lending terms. Today you can get a loan for a business from scratch without collateral and guarantors.
Unsecured loans for small business
Such loans are traditionally used to solve various problems:
- a previously issued loan;
- building up working capital;
- purchase of fixed assets;
- repayment of accounts payable.
It is important to carefully study all the features of small business lending without collateral and guarantors.
It is worth paying attention to the advantages of unsecured loans for small businesses:
- high speed of registration, and hence the receipt of money;
- drawing up an individual repayment schedule that will take into account the specifics of the activity;
- the ability to receive funds in a form convenient for a businessman - in cash, in foreign currency, cashless transfer according to the specified details.
It is important to bear in mind that the bank carefully examines the documents provided before issuing a loan. This process takes place individually for each case. During the analysis, bank employees strive to assess borrower's solvency to get guarantees of repayment of the issued loans.
When applying for a loan without providing security, the debt repayment guarantee is:
- the reputation of the borrower;
- business development prospects;
- the size of the planned profit.
It turns out that one side the procedure for applying for a loan without providing collateral is greatly simplified.
but on the other side , the probability of receiving a positive decision on the application is significantly reduced ↓. This is especially true for a newly created or planned to open business.
The increase in the number of bounces is explained simply - for the lender, the risk of non-return when issuing funds to start-up entrepreneurs increases significantly ⇑.
That is why, when developing programs for issuing loans to businesses without using collateral, lenders in most cases significantly tighten their conditions.
Loans for businesses without collateral and guarantors are characterized by the following parameters:
- Minimum return times - you will have to fulfill the obligations under the contract very quickly;
- Limited loan size - receive a fairly large amount without providing additional guarantees in the form of security is unlikely to succeed. In most cases, it is possible to receive without collateral and guarantors no more 1 million rubles;
- Increasing the size of bets compared to loans secured by bail and surety. Often they reach 25 % per annum.
Naturally, such conditions are disadvantageous for entrepreneurs. Often, businessmen make a decision in such a situation to contact credit brokers that promise to find the most favorable conditions.
But do not forget that there are many fraudsters operating in the field of brokerage organizations. Therefore, payment for their services should be carried out only after the loan is issued.
By providing loans without collateral, banks run the risk of not only not receiving the planned income, but also completely losing the funds issued. That is why they are tightening credit conditions. As a result, many businessmen refuse to apply for a loan without collateral.
In most cases, novice businessmen still have to decide on secured loan ... They also issue a surety. There are several reasons for this: more loyal requirements for the borrower himself, less stringent conditions for the provision of money, etc.
However, in this case, the registration procedure becomes more complicated, because you will have to additionally submit documents confirming the ownership of the pledged item. If you plan to borrow money under the guarantee of third parties, you will have to prepare his documents.
The main stages of obtaining a loan for opening / developing a small business
5. How to get / take out a loan for opening and developing a small business from scratch - 7 main stages of registration
Getting a loan for a business is not an easy task. First of all, you will have to familiarize yourself with requirements for applicants by banks:
- the presence of a stable profit over a certain period of time;
- drawing up a high-quality business plan;
- possession of liquid high-value property;
- clean credit reputation;
- finding a business within the territory of the banking product;
- opening a current account in a bank for issuing a loan.
This list is far from complete. Each credit institution independently develops the conditions for issuing loans.
Take note! Banks always have a negative attitude towards businessmen who have had a bad experience of starting their own business in the past.
At the same time, the successful conduct of business over a long period can be a significant plus when applying for a loan.
The reason for refusal to apply for a loan may be:
- seizure of property owned by business and management;
- arrears in tax and other payments;
- open court cases in which the applicant is involved.
It turns out that the process of obtaining a loan is a rather complicated procedure. To make it easier for themselves, beginners should carefully study the following instruction compiled by professionals.
Accurate implementation of the steps described below allows you to increase the likelihood of a positive decision on the application, as well as to avoid a huge number of popular mistakes.
Stage 1. Preparation of a business plan
Very few lenders decide to provide loans to entrepreneurs and companies without reviewing business plan... This is typical not only for the organizations being created, but also for the development of existing ones.
Business plan Is a document that defines the strategy and tactics for further business development.
To compile it, several types of analysis are carried out - production, financial, and technological... At the same time, the characteristics of not only the current activities of the company are studied, but also the future results of the project.
It is important to calculate all income and expenses arising in the process of its implementation, as well as an increase in production volumes. The business plan is intended to demonstrate to the lender exactly where his money will be directed. .
A well-written and professionally written document contains a huge number of pages. Naturally, when studying an application for a loan, bank employees do not have enough time to study a business plan in full.
Therefore, for these purposes, it will be necessary to additionally draw up an abbreviated version of the document, which contains no more than 10 pages .
Stage 2. Choosing the direction of development
Recently, a popular way to develop or organize a business has become using franchises ... It is a ready-made model for building an activity, which is provided to an entrepreneur by a well-known brand that has already become quite popular. More information on in our dedicated publication.
A franchise can significantly to raise chances of approval of the application ... Banks are more loyal to projects based on its principles, because the likelihood of success in this case is higher.
At the same time, when deciding to open their own, unknown business, creditors are skeptical about the submitted application. In such a situation, no one can guarantee success.
Having a licensed franchise agreement fundamentally changes the matter. It should be borne in mind that most of the companies that provide their brand for use are partners of a particular credit institution. It is to her that you should apply for a loan.
Stage 3. Registration of activities
Any organization must be properly registered with government bodies... If the company is just opening, you will have to go through this procedure.
First of all, one should choose the optimal taxation system ... To do this, you will have to study a significant amount of relevant information or contact a professional accountant.
After that, with the relevant documents, you will have to go to tax office... Upon completion of the company registration procedure, the entrepreneur is issued an appropriate certificate .
Stage 4. Choosing a bank
The choice of a credit institution is crucial step on the way to getting a loan. The number of banks that issue money for the creation and development of a business is huge. Most of them offer several programs with their own conditions and characteristics.
In such a situation, choosing a bank can be difficult. The task can be facilitated by evaluating credit institutions according to a number of characteristics suggested by specialists.
The criteria for choosing a bank for a business loan are as follows:
- the length of the period of activity in the financial market;
- offering several programs at once, suitable for various categories of borrowers;
- reviews of real customers who have used the services of the bank in question;
- conditions of the credit institution's proposals - the rate, availability and size of various commissions, term and amount of the loan.
Professionals recommend arrange loans in large, serious banks. It is important to branches and ATM machines were located within walking distance for the borrower. Availability and efficiency are equally important online banking.
Stage 5. Program selection and application submission
When the bank is selected, you can start analyzing the programs it offers. It should be borne in mind that they may differ not only in terms of conditions, but also in the requirements for the borrower or collateral.
When the program is selected, it remains to feed application ... Today it is not necessary to go to the bank office for this. Most credit institutions offer to send it in mode online ... It is enough to fill out a short form on the website and click the button "Send".
After reviewing the application by bank employees, the client receives preliminary decision... If approved, it will remain with the documents to visit the bank branch.
After talking with the applicant and reviewing the original documents, it will be accepted final decision.
The convenience of submitting an application via the Internet lies in the ability to contact several banks at once. In this case, you can save a lot of time.
In case of refusal in one bank it is worth waiting for another answer.
If approval is obtained from several creditors, it remains to choose the most suitable one among them.
Stage 6. Preparation of a package of documents
In fact, experts advise in advance to prepare Required documents, especially those that are required everywhere. Of course, each lender draws up the appropriate list on his own. However, there is a standard list of documents.
The package always includes 2 groups of documents:
- Entrepreneur's documents , as well as a guarantor as an individual. These include passport, second document identifying person. In some cases it is also required income statement.
- Business documents – constituent, business plan, balance sheet or other financial documents. If available, you may need franchise agreement... If a bail is issued, you will have to submit ownership documents on the corresponding property.
The more documents the future borrower manages to collect, the higher the likelihood of a positive decision.
Stage 7. Making an initial payment and obtaining borrowed funds
Often, business loans are issued only on condition that down payment ... This primarily applies to loans for the purchase of real estate, Vehicle and expensive equipment.
At this step, if necessary, make the first installment and obtain the relevant supporting documents.
To calculate the loan yourself, we suggest using: