Databases are the inevitable part of such software products as online stores, banking system applications and so on. These can the databases of different types, for example, DB2, SQL, and others

In order to verify the correct work of database, it is performed server side testing which actually is backend testing.

Performing database testing, the specialists do not work with the graphical user interface (GUI), they proceed directly to analyzing the processes of execution of the request with specified parameters and receiving the correspondent answer from the server. With this purpose, JSON and XML can be used.

There are several phases of backend tests:

1. the delivery of SQL server specification;
2. the testing of design specification;
3. the implementation of the tests into the design with the help of SQL code.

Backend testing is the process of validation such database aspects as schemas, tables, indexes and keys, data storage procedure, the process of data duplication, server validation, etc. The tests are launched with the aim of preventing data corruption, deadlock, data loss and others. To check the work of databases, several types of tests are executed.

What are the types of databases testing?

• Non-functional testing
• Functional testing
• Structural testing

The special testing tools will help to simplify the verification procedure of the proper operation of databases. This can be TurboData, Data Factory, AETG, Data Generation and others.

What are the advantages of backend testing?

• Such a software testing ensures the full control over the test coverage.
• Backend checking promotes the detection of a bigger number of potential bugs even at the early stages of the development.
• With the help of backend testing, the specialists execute more detailed checking of the system, as the applying of black bow method is not allowed for this testing type.

Entertaining physics of relations Gagin Timur Vladimirovich

Back and front office testing

Communication at the front-office level is reminiscent of the mating dance of birds. Experienced bird watchers know that theoretically, birds of different species can mate and produce offspring. In practice, mating occurs within the same species. The fact is that different birds have completely different behavior during the mating season. All their clucking, jumping and mating dances with fluffy tails unambiguously make it clear: “This bird is not in my circle. And this one is mine. "

So it is with people. Demonstration of a "front office" is not just a show of behavior, but also a signal "friend or foe". When potentially compatible people communicate at the front-office level, they have (not always clear to themselves) rules of conduct that they do not discuss. And knowledge of these rules is the key to starting a relationship. And in terms of efficiency, this is perhaps the best of what we have in our arsenal.

They say there is a rule: a real gentleman should not point out to another gentleman what a real gentleman should already know about. It is assumed that either he knows this, or he is not a gentleman, and then there is nothing to talk to him about. Or, more simply, if he has to say this, then there is no need to talk to him about this at all.

If in a relationship like "front office" you need to explain some norms, if you have to explain something deeply obvious and understandable for you agree, then this is not the right person: all the same, he will not understand your explanation. There is no need to explain the claims that we make to the partner: usually we simply and directly expect something from the partner and believe that it should be clear to him by itself, without explanation. Because it is so accepted in our circle, it is understandable in our family, because this does not need to be explained to our friends. And generally speaking! Because for the sake of this we, in many respects, enter into these very "relationships". We do not just think that he will guess, we believe that if he does not guess, then he is a fool or a scoundrel. Well, or just underdeveloped or under-educated. Rude. Not thin. Little educated. Or re-educated, on the contrary. Too complicated. Laden. Unnatural. Pretentious.

In relationships built at the front-office level, this is common. The girl sincerely assumes that a man should give her something, but does not tell him what exactly: if there is a real man in front of her, he will guess himself. A man expects a woman to invite (or, on the contrary, believes that a "true" woman should never invite) to his home for coffee, but does not tell her about it. Relationships from eternally unfulfilled (on trifles, but often) expectations heat up. And one day a man just changes a woman. And a woman is a man.

The girl broke up with her boyfriend only because he walked through the rows in the theater with his back to the audience. Not that she thought, "Now I will tell him, and next time he will do everything right." No, she decided that the boy should know everything himself.

And another, still very young girl, said: "My dad always behaved with me like a lady." It's so important for a little girl from 12-13 to feel like a lady. But her boyfriend does not behave like that. Once she came to a cafe, where he was already sitting with the company. And he didn't give her a chair. And he did not introduce her to acquaintances. For the girl, this was a gross violation of the norms of behavior, although she did not say anything out loud. But to get angry - angry. And she took revenge as best she could.

Commentary by E.N.

It is good if there is someone nearby who, with their love, admiration, help, will finally help you "keep the bar", once setting it high, for many, many years ... They met almost 50 years ago on a small steamer going to the old Ukrainian town of Kanev. She, a twenty-year-old student of a medical institute from Ufa, an excellent student and a beauty, brought up in the strict traditions of a Bashkir family (dad also worked in the competent authorities), went to visit relatives. He, a 25-year-old fool with a clever Jewish head and character acquired in old Dnipropetrovsk courtyards, who finished 10 classes and did not plan to study further, who had tried a lot of works from an electrician to an extra in the theater, was also going somewhere out of nothing to do. At the 20th minute after the steamer's departure, he approached - his hands in his pockets - to get acquainted. On the second day, 20 minutes before the steamer moored in Kanev, he proposed to her. She was indignant, but for some reason she gave the address ... I wonder after all .... And now, imagine, after a little over three months, appears on the doorstep of our heroine's apartment (we have been friends for many years, I used to call her by her name - Tamira, I’ll call her that, okay? By the way, for me he is already forty Leva ; in general, I continue without patronymics) on an autumn-winter chilly evening dressed in a southern, light and careless way, Lyova immediately declares to her parents who fell into a stupor that he has arrived in Ufa, previously unfamiliar to him, forever and has the most serious intentions (not having at the same time housing, work, any money).

Parents accompanied Tamira to the institute for several months in order to avoid encounters with the "happiness" that had fallen on his head. The next few months, the meek and obedient Tamira suddenly rebelled and persuaded herself the right to meet in the presence of her parents with the “dissident” (for some reason, the father of the newly-minted groom called it). When this whole story was one year old, they got married. At first we lived in some kind of removable wooden hut with a little daughter, a huge Caucasian (dog) and a cat. They brought in fish, but they froze ... However, life was getting better, moreover, at a fairly rapid pace. The former mischief-maker and "dissident" Levka turned out to be a hard-working, very enterprising and very enthusiastic person. When asked what his hobby was, he answered: “Everyone has a hobby, a hobby; my hobby is my wife. " He taught his wife to use cosmetics almost professionally and intelligently; wherever he could, got the most exquisite outfits in those difficult times; taught her that a hairdresser and a manicure master come to the house ... Tamira turned out to be an exemplary student and there was something to work on: a beauty, a clever girl (and by the way, an excellent doctor and teacher).

Many years have passed since then, a lot has changed, and the grandson is already graduating from the university. Only Leva's attitude towards her wife has not changed. Several years ago, they abruptly changed their lives, left Bashkiria, bought a small house on the seashore, with their young enthusiasm, launched a large construction there, rent out rooms in the summer season, accept relatives, prosper ... The village, I must say, is not Rio de- Janeiro, the roads are mainly of the country type. But already a very middle-aged Leva closely monitors that his beautiful wife (he does not accept another option) worked in the yard in fashionable sportswear and beachwear, and went out into the street only “in full dress” and certainly in heels. “What are the heels, Tamira,” asked our common old acquaintance, who was recently vacationing with them with her granddaughter, “in our years and on your roads? Look how everyone is dressed casually. " "What are you," our heroine was indignant, "and what will Lyova say?" Right now I am writing, the TV is on, there is a program on TVC with Lyudmila Gurchenko, and I hear her phrase: "Every day a man and a woman should have Valentine's Day." So, my old friends, about whom I just tried to tell you, every day was like that. Probably, somewhere out there, in one of the closets of this generally difficult life, the same "back office" lurked, but the former Dnipropetrovsk prankster stood in his way with a worn out, but still clearly readable slogan : "Front office - and not a step back !!!"

Back office is when you can show everything. When you can tell each other about your expectations. Not to sit down and start "telling" on purpose. You just don’t have to "think" what you will do or say. Here you are sure (sure) that the second person was looking for and found you (such) that he loves you for something special, yours, and the rest - he will forgive, understand, or simply will not seriously notice.

Favorite movie

- And I scream in my sleep ...

- And I'll tell you quietly: "Shsh" ...

- And sometimes I snore when I lie on my back.

- And I will turn you over on the other side - and you will not.

The "back office" can be observed directly if the candidate for our happiness is relaxed and spontaneous. And you can draw information about this from what the potential partner is talking about and how he behaves.

A girl, for example, dresses well, pays a lot of attention to her appearance, and so on. The young man thinks: “I see, basically you spend all your income on appearance. And the "front office" is most important to you. This means that either you are not ready for a long-term relationship, or you are guided by a different type of men. "

The guy hums with pleasure, chewing the salad. It means that he loves a cozy life, and at the same time is content with little in everyday life. It will do without pineapples and hazel grouses.

The girl tells the "next" about the previous young people: I, they say, do not stop communicating with them, because suddenly I need them. This is the "back office": she shows how she will behave with her current one when he becomes her "ex." Important: we are interested in just random episodes, fleeting phrases, trifles. We do not consider specially prepared concert performances.

The girl mentions: "I love going to restaurants." It means that he does not know how to cook. Or loves pomp and show off. Or just thinks that "it should be."

The young man announces: "Yes, I don't care where to live, even in a tent." Apparently, he will not want to equip the house, maybe his hands are inserted at the wrong end.

One man said in a group training, "I trained myself some time ago to drink a little wine." And the group thought. Maybe he is a non-companion person and has difficulty communicating. Or he has physiological problems from drinking alcohol. Or maybe he is very “correct” and he has a lot of self-restraints; he learned to shoot them. Or he worked to raise his status, learning to understand good wines. Or he wants to learn to decide for himself what is valuable in life. Perhaps he grew up in a Muslim family. In short, you have to doo-u-um.

Or someone declares: “I don’t drink or smoke”. What kind of "back office" can there be? A person can demand the same from his partner. It can be boring with him. Or he is ulcer. It doesn't really matter if you smoke or not. It is important whether you show (and consider) it a virtue.

"Well, why should one learn to determine by external manifestations at the beginning of an acquaintance, what is inside him?" - you ask. Yes, so that it does not come as a surprise later. After all, whatever one may say, but to live with a person, and not with his advertising poster. Learning how to properly handle the "back office" of a partner is necessary if we are counting on a long-term relationship with him. We need to understand that he naturally In the course of his life, will he close our basic ones or is he showing off now, seducing, and then he will not stand it and will lower the bar?

So watch and listen carefully. And rejoice when you stumble upon the unexpected. Better now than later. Instead of resenting "how strange it is," think about why it is important for a person to speak and think that way. What does he have in the "back office" if he is? And will you be able to interact with him in the future?

For example, a person in the "back office" is built to be inflexible and sets a rigid framework for behavior. You, on the other hand, are as flexible as the stem of a lotus. And then its inflexibility is not a disadvantage for you, but a feature. And if at the same time you are as tough, then in life with this person there will invariably be conflicts. He will resist, you will resist - it will be hard.

Of course, the chances are that some smart people are in control even in the most intimate moments. Probably great quality for a scout. But why is it in family life? We need it, live with a spy?

Commentary by E.N.

And yet, at the risk of tire you, I still want to mention the following. There are people who pride themselves on their directness. They like to repeat with pride: “I say what I think; even "on the forehead", but what I think. Here I am (what) honest! ". And I want to say: "You are stupid, not honest." Are you judging me? But it is known (sorry for the professional calculations) that a child from 3-4 to 12-14 years old develops the so-called "epicritical emotions", when the cerebral cortex learns to control instincts and desires, as it were. And by the age of 20-22, the formation of higher human emotions takes place. By this period, feelings become subject to reason (remember the classic "learn to rule yourself ..."), are corrected by intellectual activity, it becomes possible to suppress external manifestations of emotions, facial expressions and expressive movements. Here already the cerebral cortex, higher emotions, critical attitude and the ability to predict what is happening "reign supreme." Of course, you shouldn't say what you don't think. But think what you say. Believe me, I do not urge you to cheat, tell a deliberate lie, but there are certain rules of communication.

And the "back office" should be held back. Or am I not right?

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