A pawn loan is usually short-term. Pawnshop loans: rates and terms. As for its advantages, then

A pawnshop loan is understood as a pledge of easily realizable property or rights. Such collateral forms the basis of a pawnshop loan.

Precious metals and goods served as collateral for the pawnshop loan. The collateral served as security for the repayment of the loan; the value of the collateral usually exceeded its amount. The predecessors of modern Lombard credit, as noted earlier, were the money changers of Lombardy.

TO the most important species Lombard loans provided to individual borrowers include: Lombard loans secured by securities, secured by goods, secured by precious metals and secured by claims.

Pawn loan secured by securities

This form of pawn loan is considered the most important in foreign banking practice. Only securities listed on stock exchange. Loans against securities are provided on an “on call” basis - on demand. The loan amount ranges from 50 to 90% of their market value. The loan covers only part of their market value, the other part - the margin - the difference between the buyer's price and the seller's price - is paid by the borrower at the conclusion of the transaction. The costs of storing securities are insignificant, since the securities are stored in a special deposited securities account. Changes in the value of securities occur only on the stock exchange. It is not difficult for the bank to assess their collateral value. As a rule, their cost is determined by the bank somewhat lower exchange rate, the reason for this is primarily possible exchange rate fluctuations.

In accordance with the degree of exchange rate risk and the type of bank in foreign countries are practiced various estimates the value of the securities pledge.

Usually in foreign banking The collateral value of securities fluctuates within the following limits:

for mortgage notes or mortgage bonds Long-term securities issued against real estate and bearing a fixed interest rate that does not fall below 90% of the rate;

for promissory notes (a document issued by the borrower to the lender upon receipt of a loan) with an order, up to 80% of the market value is assessed;

for other debt obligations - up to 60%;

for shares - from 50 to 70% of their price. The criterion for the quality of securities, taking into account their acceptability for collateral, is the ability to quickly sell and financial condition issuing party. In this regard, government securities with fast turnover have the highest quality rating in foreign practice. When lending them maximum amount The loan can reach 95% of the value of securities (for example, shares issued by companies), the loan volume is 80-85%. In this case, we are not talking about the shares that the borrowing company issues, but about those that it acquired on the securities market, since investing capital in securities is real property.

In foreign practice, collateral also includes bills of exchange, which have already been discussed in the accounting loan. The difference here is that the main requirement for a bill of exchange as a subject of pledge is the obligation to reflect the real commodity transaction. It is also necessary to take into account the quality and range of goods sold in installments, and the payment period for the bill. In foreign banking practice, bills of exchange are transferred to a pawnshop relatively rarely, since the cost of an account loan is usually one percentage point lower than the pawnshop loan rates.

Pawn loan secured by goods

This type of loan is mainly provided legal entities. However, in developed countries With market economy Private entrepreneurs occupy an important place. Only goods with a relatively stable price are used as collateral in a pawnshop loan, provided that they are traded on an exchange. This applies, for example, to sugar, tea, grain, coffee, etc. In the practice of German banks, both exchange-traded and over-the-counter goods are often used as collateral.

Valuation of such goods is relatively simple. Depending on the type of goods, the collateral assessment ranges from 50 to 66 2/3%.

Loan secured by precious metals

This is the oldest form of pawnshop operations, but is a rare form of credit in foreign practice. Estimated value collateral, usually gold coins, gold bars, silver, platinum, is about 95% of the corresponding price of the precious metal.

Loan secured by claims

Various types of collateral can be used as collateral. financial requirements, For example savings deposits, claims under insurance contracts, claims for payment wages, mortgages, entries in mortgage registers real estate. The limits of collateral assessment of claims vary depending on the type of claim, but in general their level is relatively high.

The cost of a pawn loan for the borrower consists of interest and commission payments. The level of commission fees depends primarily on storage costs collateral property.

Although it is easier to get money at a pawnshop, the documents needed are almost the same: a passport and a certificate of title to property (if provided). Of course, on jewelry no one will ask for documents, but for an apartment, car, land, etc. you need to provide complete package. Moreover, you will have to prove that the real estate (or other) is not pledged to other companies.

Requirements for the borrower:

• age from 18 years, in some from 21 years;
• citizen of the Russian Federation;
• registration on the territory of the Russian Federation.

Most often, pawnshops are more loyal and limit themselves to: passport, age and property documents. After checking the papers, the specialist evaluates the collateral. Looks at condition and market value.

Important! The loan term when pledging securities cannot be longer than for the securities themselves. That is, if money on securities is due to be issued in 3 months, then the period will be up to 3 months.

Then the numbers are announced. If the client agrees, then contracts are signed and money is given.

Pros and cons in comparison with banking products

The loan issued by a pawnshop is certainly different from a bank loan. But the demand for it is only growing. Let's look at why:

• getting a loan is easier;
• no proof of employment required;
• period from 1 day to a year (and can be extended);
• high chance of approval;
• urgent issuance of money;
• The credit limit does not depend on family income.

A consumer loan from a bank has its advantages:

• has a smaller percentage;
• assessment is made according to market value;
• collateral is not required;
• long-term contracts.

Another advantage of bank lending: .

For each situation, you need to consider individually what is best to take. Sometimes pawnshops bring conditions closer to those of banks, but due to the high degree of risk and the lack of such a large insurance resource as banks, their activities will not make sense unless they establish high percentage or do an expensive appraisal.

A pawnshop loan is a loan that is firmly fixed in the amount that is provided by the bank (lender) to the client for a specified period of time on the security of any property or rights (this also includes various goods, jewelry, and securities). Therefore, in this article we decided to talk about what pawnshop loans are.

All the most important things

A pawn loan is usually secured by collateral. Today, pawn lending secured by securities has become widespread. A pure pawnshop loan is a loan that is issued for short term having maximum term repayment 1 year. As a rule, this loan is issued for a period of up to 3 months. The borrower visits the bank to apply for a loan secured by securities when he is in dire need of cash Oh. In this case, he is not interested in the sale of securities on the stock exchange. A pawnshop loan is drawn up between the borrower and the bank, an agreement on the transfer of rights to the collateral property to further ensure the conditions of the lender. At the moment when a banking organization issues a loan against certain collateral, as a rule, it accepts the right from the borrower to the collateral obligation. In this obligation, the borrower gives his right to the bank to the collateral that he transfers to him. Those. provides the right, in case of failure to fulfill its conditions to the bank, to sell the property without going to court or arbitration.

The client also gives the right, after the sale of the collateral, to use the proceeds to pay off his debt to the bank. The obligation contains information that if the requirements are not met, the bank has the right to sell the pledged property on the terms established by it, and also act as a buyer during the sale. In addition to the total amount of debt, the borrower is obliged to fully reimburse all costs related to the storage of collateral, collection of debt, etc. In this case, the borrower (mortgagor) also bears his obligations to the bank, despite the fact that the bank holds his collateral. The borrower gives his right to use his property, valuables, as well as the balance of funds in his account, or other amounts that are also in this banking organization.

Many obligations stipulate the bank’s rights to re-pledge the property provided to it by the borrower. In the event that a pawn loan is issued on the security of any financial assets, and not goods, the borrower is obliged to transfer to the bank the securities themselves, and not the right to their further use. When registering securities as collateral, the loan agreement stipulates the conditions and time for the transfer of ownership of these securities from the pledgor to the lender. Many banks issue loans secured by those securities that are accepted for accounting or act as collateral with the Central Bank of Russia. These are those papers that are guaranteed by the state, bankers' acceptances or commercial bills that are registered on the bond and stock exchange of the largest industrial banks and organizations, certificates of deposit, and certificates of various investment funds.

The total amount of the loan issued, as a rule, depends on the quality of the collateral: the type of securities, the difficulty of selling them on the market, the repayment period, as well as the possibility of obtaining them or re-discounting them as collateral for the loan issued by the Central Bank.

Let us assume that it concerns commercial bills and government securities. The loan can usually be issued for up to 85% market price for securities. But in relation to bonds and shares of large organizations and banks traded on the stock exchange, the loan amount will not exceed 60% of their market price. As for savings certificates, in this case the loan can be issued for the entire amount of them retail value. The main difference between the loan amount and the price of its collateral is called margin. If the margin decreases (in the event of a fall in the retail value of securities), then the borrower is obliged to the bank to repay part of his debt so that the total amount of debt corresponds to the new nominal price of the securities or provide the bank with additional debt. security.

In the event that the securities are not listed on the stock exchange, the assessment of the size of the loan issued and the value of the securities themselves will be made by the bank itself, which in turn will take into account:

• data from reports, balance sheets published in the press;
• publications in the special press service;
• assessing the prospects for the development of the organization and the quality of the management team.

But, as a rule, many banking organizations do not provide loans secured by securities that are not listed on the stock exchange.

When applying for a pawnshop loan secured by bills of exchange, total term there shouldn't be a loan longer term payment on a bill. It is also worth noting that this loan cannot exceed a period of more than one year. Among other things, banking organizations themselves often set a limit on lending to their borrowers secured by bills of exchange or other securities of value, since the higher the amount and term of the bill of exchange, the big risks will be borne by the bank when purchasing these bills and further processing a loan on them.

It is also necessary to take into account the fact that the bank has the right to provide the client with a pawnshop loan and secured as collateral for various commodity distribution documents. For example: warehouse receipts, bills of lading, warrants, retained receipts, etc.

A warehouse certificate is a document issued by a warehouse when accepting products for storage. This document must be prepared in two copies. Each of them contains details. One copy acts as a document for disposing of products, the other for collateral. When a borrower pledges goods to a bank, the ownership rights to this goods will remain with him. The bank can only dispose of the collateral right.

The document that acts as collateral is called a warrant. It is issued to the bank. And on another document the bank puts a note about the loan issued and its total amount. These two documents are one whole. And to be able to receive the goods from the warehouse, you will need to provide two documents. The person who is the owner of the pledged goods, when selling it, provides the buyer with a document, while receiving from him the required amount minus the loan and interest on it. The buyer repurchases the warrant from the bank. If the loan is not repaid on time, the bank has the right to protest this warrant and provide it to the warehouse for forced sale of the goods.

A bill of lading is a document issued by the shipowner or his representative regarding the acceptance of products for transportation. This document is an order for the goods, i.e. the owner has all rights to it. Bills of lading are like orders ( this document issued in the name of a specific person, or by his order, as well as to the bearer), and registered (issued on certain person). All receipts saved by the borrower are issued to the bank when the pledged products remain in his personal storage.

Lombard loans for distribution documents and goods are issued by the bank, as a rule, in the amount of 55-70% of their nominal value of the goods. The borrower who has issued a loan secured by goods distribution documents, in case of non-payment of debt, gives the bank the full right to sell the goods. And the proceeds from the sale sum of money contribute towards the loan repayment. In addition to all of the above, according to commodity distribution documents, banking organizations take an additional commission from the borrower. It should also be taken into account that today banks use pawn loans in their pure form extremely rarely. Often, securities are issued as collateral when applying for a current loan.

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The procedure for obtaining a loan secured by securities began to be considered as an alternative to lending against property collateral.

A loan secured by securities, famous among large investors, banks, organizations in Russia. As you know, collateral is often used when applying for a loan.

The collateral can be, like real estate, the borrower's car, or securities, which has become quite common lately, especially among corporate clients, large financial transactions.

Basics

Securities are objects such as bills, shares, bonds of enterprises, savings certificates, shares, investment funds citizens of Russia.

When using this type of lending, using securities as collateral, lenders may provide for longer terms than usual.

But in practice, what happens is that Russian banks try not to issue long-term loans secured by securities due to the fact that in the investment market securities are most often subject to fluctuations in value.

For this purpose, short-term loans are more common, no more than a year. A separate set of requirements for legal entities who want to take out a loan secured by securities.

The banks' requirements are as follows:

• the company has been operating for more than six months (no less) at the time of submitting the application to the bank;
• positive credit history(preferably in the bank where the application is submitted);
• absence of debts to the tax authorities of the Russian Federation;
• lack of card index;
• lack of other loans from other banks.

The borrower is obliged to provide and attach a register listing the availability of securities.

When approved by a banking organization for a loan, the borrower signs loan agreement with the bank and a pledge agreement, an act of acceptance and transfer of securities.

The loan amount is determined based on the price of securities at the time of signing the agreement; it proportionally depends on the liquidity of the securities (the more, the higher the loan percentage).

Dividends that come from the shares will be sent to the client's account. The issued loan is not allowed to be used for the purchase of new securities.

The repayment of a loan against securities is carried out with regression of payments. It is possible, at the request of the borrower, ahead of time, if it was agreed in advance during the execution of the contract. And also at the request of the lender - with notification to the borrower in advance.

What is it

Securities are a common way to secure a loan. To find out what a loan secured by securities is, let's go through a little terminology of concepts, for example, what is:

The collateral must comply with the following: it must belong to the borrower by right of ownership, be liquid, and have a monetary value exceeding the amount of the loan and its interest.

The following is taken into account:

• quality of securities, because they are very susceptible to price fluctuations economic market and their behavior is difficult to predict;
• nature of liquidity;
• issuer and type of securities;
• securities risks.

Design methods

In order to obtain a loan secured by securities, the borrower must have good collateral.

Banking organizations accept property assets in the borrower’s possession as collateral, housing assets as collateral, vehicles, recently the practice of pledging securities and shares with increased liquidity has been practiced.

On-call credit is used only for verified companies. Large organizations regular customers with a good reputation confirmed over a long period of cooperation.

For such clients, a banking organization can offer more favorable conditions lending with reduced interest rates.

How to get such a loan

To obtain a loan secured by securities, you must apply to banking organization statement with a number of shares and bonds that will be transferred as .

The list should be compiled as follows: name of the share and issuer, number, price, price exchange rate on the day the contract was signed.

Credit terms

Terms of lending secured by securities:

• state currency (rubles);
• loan size (determined as a percentage of the value of securities and can be up to 70%. Determined by the degree of risk for each security);
• rate from 11% per annum;
• lending for a period of six months to a year.

Package of necessary documents

A standard package of documents might look like this:

1. Questionnaire for the client.
2. Personal documents of the client (passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation, registration, driver’s license, etc., all documents that can confirm the client’s identity).
3. , and also tax reporting client.
4. Questionnaire filled out by the client.
5. Pledge agreement.

The complete package of documents may differ depending on the bank (company) the borrower applied to, the status of the application, and the client’s income level.

The bank may require additional certificates to verify the client’s solvency and issue a loan to him.

List of banking institutions

Sberbank

Sberbank uses the OTS-REPO program as an alternative to securities lending.

This program allows you to quickly get financial resources at your own expense for the cost of the papers, spending a short period of time and a small number of documents.

Transactions take place in two stages. Through an over-the-counter repo, it is possible to attract from 400 thousand rubles for a period of 35 to 105 days, a long-term loan lasts up to 10 years.

The most liquid shares are accepted. This allows clients to enter into long-term loans.

List of securities that are considered as collateral under repo transactions for individuals, has seven papers - ordinary and preferred shares himself Savings Bank, VTB shares, Gazprom, LUKOIL, Rosneft and RusHydro.

The size of the loan, its period and goals, collateral, and loan repayment schedules are specified. commercial bank, and the bank – Central Bank Russia.

The main condition for obtaining loans is the bank’s compliance with the assigned economic standards, taking into account the receipt of a loan from the Central Bank.

Frequently Asked Questions

When applying for a loan secured by securities, borrowers often ask the following questions:

If without minimum volume

Collateral in the form of securities, the price of which is determined by the minimum volume of their price, allows a loan to be issued no more than their value. Applies to each type of security according to its own valuation formula.

Can they issue a consumer certificate?

Security secured by securities is not common. Credit institutions Those who issue such loans carefully check the papers.

Some people may have a situation when they need money immediately and there is no one to borrow it from, but at the same time there is confidence that unfavorable financial situation will soon recover. In this case, it is quite possible to consider the option of pawn lending (if, of course, there is something to offer as collateral).

What is a pawn loan?

What is a pawnshop loan? short term loan, which is secured by property with a high degree of liquidity, which in case of non-repayment of the loan the organization can sell without difficulty. The collateral is a guarantee for the lender.

Examples of collateral include securities, jewelry, antiques, household appliances and electronics, clothing, real estate, cars, etc. A pawn loan is most often repaid in a lump sum.

This type of loan is an alternative to a bank loan.

Legal basis pawnshop activities

The pawnshop acts as a lender, whose activities are regulated by certain provisions Civil Code RF and Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 196-FZ “On Pawnshops” .

According to established standards:

• pawnshops do not have the right to dispose of the borrower’s property;
• pawnshop employees are required to maintain professional secrecy regarding information about received collateral;
• an item handed over to a pawnshop must be valued based on its market value and the agreement of the parties;
• a pawnshop loan must be formalized in writing, etc.

Some features of obtaining a pawn loan

Having decided on pawn lending, you need to be aware that the pawn shop does not accept all valuables as collateral. This way, the organization’s employees insure the pawnshop against possible difficulties in selling the pledged property in the event of non-repayment of funds.

Property is accepted only after providing the passport of the borrower who has reached the age of majority. Persons under the influence of drugs or alcohol are not served.

Features of property valuation

The future collateral is not valued at its full value:

• precious metals - taking into account net weight and fineness (i.e. the presence of precious stones and decoration by jewelers is not taken into account);
• household appliances and electronics – depending on condition appearance, technical condition, release date;
• clothing - taking into account the degree of wear, etc.

Thus, the collateral value will always be lower than the market value.

Advantages and disadvantages of a pawn loan

The advantages of this type of lending include:

• the provision procedure does not provide for a complex procedure for verifying the borrower’s solvency;
• speed of registration;
• there is no need to provide information about your place of work, income, position in society, etc., and, as a result, the package of documents is minimal (a passport and documents for an expensive collateral, for example, a car are required);
• if for some reason the borrower does not repay the loan, his property is sold by the pawnshop at auction, but he is exempt from payment;
• the goal can be anything;
• no sanctions for early repayment;
• a pawnshop is practically an analogue of renting a safe deposit box in a bank, only it is much cheaper;
• the pawnshop’s decision to issue a loan is absolutely not affected by the client’s credit history (except for cases where the pawnshop maintains its own credit history);
• there is the possibility of extending the contract (the service is called re-pledge, and the condition for its provision is the payment of interest), and the number of such extensions is not limited;
• Possibility of obtaining a loan for pensioners.

However, along with the advantages, there are also the following disadvantages:

• valuation of jewelry based on scrap price;
• there are restrictions on the values ​​accepted as collateral;
• in order to get large sums, you need to pledge particularly valuable property;
• high percentage;
• the loan term usually does not exceed one year;
• severe fines;
• there is a risk of irretrievable disappearance of the pledged items (in the event of a pawn shop robbery).

Thus, a pawnshop loan is most beneficial in cases where money is needed for a short period of time, or if the bank refused to provide credit services, or if the borrower bad credit history, or had a criminal record, or if you need a loan urgently and without paperwork.