House planning: the main stages. Layout of a one-story house: photo designs of projects of one-story houses with a layout Rational house layout

The layout of the rooms in the house should be carried out at the stage for dividing and load-bearing partitions.

First of all, you should carefully check the prepared one for compliance with hygienic and building codes. According to accepted standards, the volume of clean air required for normal human well-being should be at least 25 m³. The dimensions of future housing are calculated in strict accordance with these indicators.

1. If it is less than 3 meters, then the area of ​​\u200b\u200bliving premises should be about 9 square meters. m.
2. During the layout of the premises, it is necessary to take into account the level and sources of natural light.
3. It is also required to take into account the degree of ventilation and ventilation of the premises.

The layout of the premises in the house

Kitchen

During the design process, special attention should be paid to the layout of the kitchen, which it is desirable to equip in such a way that it is connected to the dining room. The optimal area of ​​​​the combined kitchen-dining room is approximately 15 sq.m. When choosing the size of the room, you should take into account the amount of furniture that will be placed in it in the future.

Single dining room and kitchen

To a greater extent, it depends on its functional purpose in the house. The best option is an area of ​​\u200b\u200babout 9 square meters. m. The minimum width of the kitchen should be 2.5 meters. In a room of this size, you can place everything you need: a refrigerator, stove, shelves, furniture, and more.

Bathroom, terrace, hallway

The area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe toilet and bathroom should be at least 4-5 square meters. m. As a rule, these rooms are located next to the kitchen, bedroom or combined with laundry. The minimum width of the corridor or hallway should be 1.5 meters. If these rooms are very spacious, then they can easily accommodate racks for shoes, furniture, outerwear. The area of ​​​​open spaces (verandas or terraces) should be about 20% of the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house.

Read also

How is the area of ​​the house calculated?

Communications, foundation and basement

One of the important points is the correct mode of distribution of air and heat in the house, which is most directly related to ventilation and the microclimate in the house. This issue is especially acute in warm regions, where good air circulation and constant ventilation are simply necessary.

The question of the most optimal location of the foundation in relation to the supporting structures and walls should be considered already at the design stage. This will help you avoid unnecessary financial outlays in the future.

In almost any private house, a basement is always equipped. To implement this step, it is necessary to investigate the geodetic features of the soil, flowability and level of groundwater. Regardless of the characteristics of the soil, measures are taken to protect the underground from dampness and mold.

In this video, you can look at one of the best layouts for a 6x6 house.

Layout of a two-room house

A two-room one-story house can consist of an entrance hall, in which there are built-in wardrobes for various needs; a common room in which there is a sleeping place for one family member; terrace, which leads to the exit from the hallway. In this case, the kitchen is combined with a dining room, which has a utility pantry (in the vestibule, for example) and convenient access to.

If you have, then you can make living rooms-bedrooms for family members on the second floor, and the first floor may consist of other rooms.

– an integral part of the project documentation, where the location of the main structures, partitions, doors and windows is fixed. Such a document also displays the area and size of all rooms, the material used for construction, the location of plumbing and other technological marks.

Determine the size of the house and the number of its floors

Many decide to build the most spacious house. But such an option may not be rational. Often a standard cottage 10x10 m is the best solution. Having studied the corresponding photos, this is easy to verify.

If the house is high, then moving around it takes a lot of time, heating costs increase. You should also think about the property tax, the amount of which depends on the size of the house.

A two-story house is necessary for a family with several children, and a small one-story house is a universal solution that will suit most. Also, do not forget that when the children grow up, the spacious second floor will become unnecessary.

But a two-story house still has certain advantages over a one-story building. With the same area, the construction of such a cottage will be cheaper by reducing the cost of arranging the foundation and roof. In a high house, it is easier to place the necessary rooms, and heat loss is also reduced. But the layout of a one-story house eliminates the need to build stairs.

How to plan a house?

To make a private house comfortable, you need to correctly arrange the rooms on the building plan. The second floor is a suitable place for the bedroom, and the first floor is for the living room, kitchen. But if there are elderly people in the family, then one bedroom should be located below.

Estimate which side the sun will be on. Standard option: the bedroom is oriented to the east, the living room to the west, the kitchen to the east or south. If the window faces south, then air conditioning is required. The staircase is located on the north side. You also need to consider whether the windows overlook the noisy side of the street. The best solution is for the bedroom window to be oriented to a quiet area.

In rooms located on the south side, flowers grow well. But they can get hot in the summer. Therefore, tall trees are planted on the south side of the plot, blocking the path of the sun's rays.

A comfortable residential building is a building where the layout corresponds to the advice of experts tested in practice. What are the common points to consider?

• When creating a project on your own, the thickness of the walls is taken into account. The total thickness of the outer and inner walls can be 0.5 meters.
• The optimal shape for any room, whether it is a bathroom or a kitchen, is close to square. Convenient width - at least 3 meters.
• The fewer corridors in the cottage, the better. If you can’t refuse them, then the corridor must be made at least 1.5 meters wide.
• Before you determine the size of your future home, make a list of all the necessary premises. For example, a nursery for the first child, for the second child, a balcony, a terrace, a basement. Calculating the area of ​​\u200b\u200beach is an important step. How to do it? Draw the room on a scale and arrange the furniture inside it, also taking into account its dimensions. So often it turns out that the finished plan needs to be adjusted. For example, there is not enough space in the hall to put a spacious sofa, and there is too much on the balcony.
• The windows of places where the owners of the house spend a lot of time should be oriented towards the courtyard. It is so convenient to watch the child play in the fresh air, the arrival of guests, etc.
• A bathroom, a kitchen - places on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwhich you should not save. Otherwise, being in them will cause discomfort. Each floor should have its own bathroom.
• The basement is also convenient because, if it is available, thermal insulation of the floor is not required. But building a basement is far from a cheap pleasure, because in this case the foundation is built in a special way.
• Terrace and porch should be included in the project initially. Otherwise, the risk of erecting incomprehensible structures later increases significantly.
• A common solution is to equip the attic floor. This is a cheap option compared to building a second floor with a roof, but less comfortable. Many owners of houses complain that the attic tier is inconvenient to use.
• The layout of the house must include a separate room for the boiler, the size and area of ​​\u200b\u200bwhich must comply with the established requirements. Some boilers are allowed to hang in the kitchen, but the boiler room is a more modern and safer option.

Ceiling height

A common question is how to determine the height of the ceilings? Excessively low ceilings, like high ones, will be an irrational solution. Ceilings that are higher than average height increase the cost of heating the house, building walls, stairs, and finishing.

If the floor area is more than 20 sq. m, then the comfortable ceiling height is above 3 m. For an area of ​​16-20 sq. m, the optimal ceiling height is from 2.7 to 3 m. Therefore, the layout should take into account that within the same floor it is better to make rooms of approximately the same size. If the layout does not allow doing this, then the height of the ceilings is made different. For example, the level is significantly reduced by plasterboarding. After all, a small room with high ceilings looks disharmonious.

An interesting and modern option, thanks to which the layout will become unique - double or one and a half height ceilings relative to the minimum in the house. For example, this is how the living room is set up. Such a modern plan is a frequent solution in the photo of foreign interiors. But such a decision is associated with certain difficulties.

Agree that it is wrong to choose a car according to its color, the technical side of the issue is also important. Likewise, behind the beautiful facades of a country house, a functional and equipped living space is far from always hidden. You need to think about this at the design stage, until construction work has begun. Think carefully: how do you imagine your country house? What will be its dimensions? How many floors do you want? What rooms are planned in your house? And where do you place them? Weigh your strengths and capabilities in advance. It is very important to think carefully about all issues related to the layout before starting construction. A thoughtful layout of a country house will make life in it convenient and comfortable.

The difference between a country house and a city apartment.

The main difference between a country house and urban housing is the availability of additional premises. They are dictated by convenience. For example, the presence of a vestibule retains heat and separates the living space from the street. Private country houses have local heating, which means that it is required to provide a boiler room. It can be attached or placed in a separate room in the house. Be sure to have windows and ventilation in the boiler room.

One of the most popular areas of a suburban home is the veranda. Often the veranda is functionally used as a dining room during the hot season. This is where people prefer to spend most of their time.

The advantages of the veranda are obvious. However, it is not always possible to arrange it. Often the functions of the veranda are successfully replaced by a free-standing glazed gazebo. This is a more economical option, as there are no costs for expensive foundation and roof materials. Among the shortcomings of the veranda, one can note the restriction of freedom of planning and the impossibility of locating windows in the walls of the house. In current country houses, verandas are usually absent. Believe me, a glazed gazebo can be no less cozy, with upholstered furniture, electric heaters and, accordingly, electricity.

Optimal choice of floors.

Country houses differ from city apartments not only in layouts, but also in the number of storeys. The architectural and planning solutions of year-round country houses on several levels are very interesting. You always want to place three times more living space under one roof. But here the question immediately arises: “Which rooms are better located on the ground floor?”. After all, the first floor is the central part of the house. In addition, the cost of the stairs should be taken into account. Firstly, it takes 5-7 square meters of space on the floors. Secondly, the cost of stairs significantly increases the cost of construction. The price of stairs is significant in the construction estimate and depends on the materials used. Thirdly, the stairs in the house can be uncomfortable for the elderly, dangerous for kids. Therefore, if you do not have a magnificent, picturesque landscape from the second floor and you want to save money, then a one-story house would be the best choice. Living in such a room will be much more convenient.

The simplicity of planning one-story country houses

At first glance, it seems not difficult to organize the layout of a one-story house. You can peep rational and unusual solutions in the layouts of the same city apartments. But it is necessary to keep in mind the premises inherent only in a country house. First you need to provide for the number of people who will live in the house, and then determine the location of the rooms. For example, an office and a bedroom are best located in the back of the house. It will be more convenient to place the corridor in the center and it is advisable to connect it with the living room. It should not be small or narrow, the optimal width for the corridor is 1.2-1.4m. A place for a small wardrobe can be provided in the vestibule. If there is a large family in a house with one floor, then it is advisable to install at least two toilets.

Possibilities of planning a two-story country house

To properly plan a two-story house, it will take more time and effort, because the rooms need to be correctly located on both floors. For example, it is impossible for a chimney or sewer hood to be above the boiler room or fireplace. Also, do not place bedrooms, a children's room above a toilet or garage. Otherwise, you will have to isolate the rooms from harmful gases.

The most visited place in the house is the hallway and kitchen. These rooms must be located on the first floor. It is preferable to place a couple of bedrooms on the first floor. Toddlers and the elderly should preferably be protected from the need to use the stairs.

The next stage is the placement of toilets in the house. One toilet is usually located on the first floor, next to the entrance, and the second - on the second floor, located near the bedrooms.

The most important thing when designing a two-story house is to leave maximum space for installing stairs. It is advisable at the very beginning to choose the type and design of the stairs. Not only convenience for people depends on its size, but also the possibility of raising large furniture to the second floor.

Choose current layouts

Most often, the layout of the house is created taking into account the needs of the present, and as a result, by the end of construction, it may turn out to be irrelevant. Houses are not built for one year. During this time, everything changes, including the composition of the family. Every year, the basic needs of the family will change, and the layout that was once ideal for you may simply not be convenient. For example, a room for your baby at the time of planning and for the next few years is the best option, but after 4-5 years it will no longer suit you. It will be necessary to convert the nursery into an adult bedroom.

An excellent option would be to attach an outbuilding to the house, this will significantly increase the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house. A comfortable life in a suburban house is influenced not only by the area, but also by the layout thought out to the smallest detail. First you need to form an approximate vision of your future layout of a country house and, after consulting with relatives, contact an architect or choose a standard project similar to your layout. And finally, it will be possible to approach the next stage - construction. This is one of the important and main stages in creating your cozy country house.

There are many resources on the network with planning solutions for private houses. On our site you can also look for good options. We recommend evaluating ready-made projects of country houses at this link. The catalog has a pretty good selection of different options.

Looking for thoughtful house plans with photos and dimensions? Our free online catalog contains a large number of good layouts of private houses and cottages with excellent photos and 3D visualizations. On each plan, the names of the rooms and their areas are indicated, the location of the furniture is plotted, but of course you can rearrange it at your discretion. When choosing a project, pay attention to the number of storeys (one or two floors), the presence of an attic, terrace or balcony. The number of bedrooms in the plan of the house is also important. For a private house for permanent residence, at least three bedrooms are required. Well, if one of the bedrooms is located on the first floor, usually this room is allocated for elderly family members (grandparents). If there is a garage in the layout of the house, then it is better that the entrance to the house be through a separate vestibule, then it will be more difficult for unpleasant odors and dirt to get inside the cottage, keep this in mind!

Prior to the construction of an individual house, project documentation should be developed. It should contain all design and planning decisions, including calculations for the stability and strength of the building being erected, as well as its estimated cost. Based on the design part, working drawings are drawn up. They serve as executive documentation, are used at the stage of acceptance and delivery of the finished construction object.

Planning is the most important design stage

The functionality of the future home is laid down during the development of the project, which includes the layout of the internal space. It displays the location of load-bearing and enclosing structures, partitions, windows and doors, as well as:

• the total size of the house, its positioning relative to the cardinal points;
• the number of floors, their height location with indication of marks;
• area and geometric dimensions of all premises;
• building material used during construction;
• location of engineering networks and life support equipment.

A rational layout inside the house allows you to take into account the interests of each of the family members, to allocate personal space for each.

Basic rules and principles

When developing the internal plan of the house, it is necessary to divide its total area into zones:

• residential, consisting of day and evening. In each of them, separate rooms are designed for adults and minors;
• economic, including auxiliary non-residential premises. These include - hall, living room, dining room, kitchen, wardrobe, sanitary facilities, corridors, boiler room.

The total area of ​​the house is calculated as the sum of the areas of residential and utility premises. It is determined by the geometric dimensions of the room, measured at floor level between the individual surfaces of the walls and internal partitions.

In accordance with building codes and regulations, the area:

• niches with a height of more than 1.8 m are added to the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room in which it is located.
• under the flight of stairs is included in the area of ​​the room if the height of the stairs from the floor to the bottom of the protruding structures is more than 1.6 m;
• attic is calculated taking into account the height of the sloping ceiling. If it is less than 1.6 m, then a coefficient of 0.7 is applied in calculating the area;
• attic, utility rooms, which are located in the basement or basement floor is not included in the total area of ​​the house.

To ensure the ease of use of an individual house, its practicality, the following recommendations should be followed:

• highlight clear zones in the internal space;
• take the width of the front equal to 1.8 m or more, and the corridors - at least 0.9 m;

• comply with the norms for the humidity and temperature regime of the house, its illumination and insolation, which will create the microclimate required for human life;
• arrange the greatest slope of the staircase to the next floor equal to 1:1.25, and its minimum width - 0.9 m. The staircase should be placed in the hallway or hall;
• use non-buried or shallow foundations in areas with homogeneous soils;
• design a house with multiple entrances. This will provide free access to a separate area, and will also comply with fire safety requirements.

Norms and rules for planning individual housing

Prior to the construction of an object, it is necessary to obtain a building permit by contacting the architecture department of the local government administration. It is accompanied by a schematic plan of the land plot with the location of the house and all types of future buildings.

The residential building must meet the requirements:

• location relative to adjacent areas, roads and other types of buildings;
• fire safety;
• strength and stability of load-bearing structures;
• interior layouts.

The legislative framework

The execution of design work for the construction of private houses is strictly regulated by a number of regulatory documents, including the following:

• SP 30-102-99 "Planning and development of territories of low-rise housing construction";
• Republican building codes 70-88 "Procedure for the development and approval of project documentation for individual construction in the RSFSR";
• SNiP 31-02-2001 "Single-apartment residential houses";
• SNiP 2.08.01-89 "Residential buildings".

The standards of the above acts establish the minimum allowable dimensions of premises with an area of ​​​​at least:

• common room - 12 m 2;
• bedroom - 8 m 2;
• kitchen - 6 m 2;
• bathroom - 1.8 m 2;
• sanitary unit - 0.96 m 2.

What to look out for

1. To ensure the durability, reliability and strength of house structures, foundations are designed taking into account the requirements of SNiP 2.02.01-83.
2. The total area of ​​the window opening in the room is set in proportion to the area of ​​the floor surface within 1:8-1:5.5.
3. The attic floor should be designed with a height of 2.3 m or more.
4. It is necessary to provide a ventilation system in the bathroom and toilet rooms. This rule is mandatory if there are no window openings.
5. The drawing inside the house should indicate the pipelines of engineering networks for water supply, sanitation and heating.
6. The water supply network is installed only if there is a sewer network.
7. If there is a need for a staircase in a small room, it is better to use a multi-span or screw design.

What is allowed

In accordance with the current regulations for individual housing construction, it is allowed:

• privately build low-rise buildings;
• construct all types of outbuildings on the site. They can be attached to the house, but in compliance with building codes and regulations. An exception is the bath, which must be a freestanding building;
• place a garage, engineering networks and systems (heating, water supply, sewerage), technical equipment in the basement if its height from the finished floor to the ceiling is at least 2 m. The same applies to the first floor. The only condition is the use of non-combustible building materials for walls and floors;
• attach an open veranda to the house to give it a presentable appearance.

What is not allowed

In accordance with existing rules and regulations, it is prohibited:

• lay electrical wiring on top of the roof of the house, enter it into the premises through a balcony or windows;
• place living quarters in the basement and basement floors;
• plan an exit from the sanitary unit to the area where the living room or dining room is located;
• install a water heater in a room intended for installing a bathroom.

Ideas for planning a private house

Prior to the development of the layout of the house from the inside, it is necessary to determine the number of storeys of the future building, the number and purpose of the required premises. In addition, factors such as:

• maximum service life of the building;
• family composition, the likelihood of its increase over time, for example, after the birth of children;
• the probability of complete or partial reconstruction (re-planning) of not only the old house, but also outbuildings;
• the possibility of changing the functionality of the premises, regardless of their original purpose.

The internal space of the building can be increased by arranging the basement and attic or by combining separate rooms. However, the latter option excludes the construction of corridors that allow free movement from one room to another.

The layout of a private house is largely determined by its parameters and shape. It can be either simple rectangular, square, or complex, made up of various geometric shapes. In any case, you should get comfortable housing, the structure of which takes into account the needs of all family members.

Interior project of a one-story house

If the construction budget is small, then the construction of a one-story house may be the best choice. Such a project will be distinguished by an acceptable cost, short implementation time. And the development of a rational internal layout will create a comfortable and practical home for a small family.

The figure on the right shows one of these options. It is embodied on the basis of a house with rectangular dimensions. In it, for example, you can combine a dressing room with a bedroom. This will create additional convenience for users.

Interior layout of a two-story house

Many developers prefer two-story houses, despite the significant costs of their construction. They are considered suitable for permanent residence if the height of the floors is more than 2.5 m. The measurement is made from the level of the finished floor to the ceiling.

• living room;
• dining area;
• kitchen;
• business premises;
• bathroom.

Take out to the second floor:

• sleeping and children's rooms;
• common room for family rest;
• master bathrooms;
• dressing room.

If the area is small, then several rooms can be combined. Otherwise, it is better to install internal partitions, based on the purpose of the functional areas. The picture below shows an example of combining two rooms with different functional purposes: