Calculate the foundation for a house made of aerated concrete. Online calculator for calculating a house made of aerated concrete with plaster, strip block foundation, wood-beam floor, corrugated roofing. Shallow strip foundation

The foundation is called underground part buildings or structures that receive loads and transmit them to the ground.

The most popular type of foundation for building houses is considered to be a strip foundation. This widespread use of strip foundations is explained by its versatility and affordable cost. Before you begin construction, you need to make a choice between a shallow and buried strip foundation.

Shallow strip foundation

• A shallow foundation saves both budget and time. And labor costs will be significantly less, since its construction does not require a deep pit. The following foundation is used for lightweight structures of small area:
• wooden houses
• aerated concrete structures or buildings constructed from aerated concrete and foam concrete blocks, the height of which does not exceed 2 floors monolithic buildings with
• permanent formwork

small structures built of stone Depth shallow foundation

reaches half a meter.

Recessed strip foundation

This foundation is used for the construction of structures with heavy walls, concrete floors, a basement or an underground garage. The length of the foundation depth must be calculated in advance. First, you need to determine the level of soil freezing, then subtract 30 cm and lay the foundation at this depth.

Preparing for work

To build a strip foundation yourself, you must first carry out precise planning.

The need for careful calculations is explained by the fact that the foundation is one of the most important structural elements of any building or home. Mistakes made at the beginning of construction can provoke negative consequences during the operation of the house. Marking Marking is carried out by marking on the ground both the external and internal boundaries of the future foundation. To do this, it is best to use pegs or reinforcement rods and ropes. But it will be more effective to use special devices, such as laser levels. Remember that large errors in markings will significantly affect

To achieve ideal results you need:

• determine the axis of the structure being built
• use a plumb line to mark an angle, then pull a rope from it at an angle of 90 degrees to two more corners of the structure
• use a square to determine another angle
• check the angles, focusing on the diagonals. If the test gives positive results, pull a rope between them
• take on the internal markings, retreating from the external markings to the distance of the thickness of the future foundation

When you are finished with the markings, study the differences in the surface at the construction site and select the lowest point to measure the depth of the trench and eliminate the difference in the height of the foundation. If the building is planned to be small, then the depth of the pit can be 40 cm.

Cushion installation and waterproofing of strip foundation

A sand cushion with added gravel should be laid on the finished trench. The recommended height of each layer is 120-150 mm. After this, each layer must be shed with water and compacted to increase density. To insulate the finished pillow, you need to lay out a durable waterproofing film on it.

Installation of strip foundation formwork

The formwork is usually made of planed boards approximately 40-50 mm thick. You can use slate for this purpose.

When erecting formwork, control verticality. The recommended height of the frame above the ground is 30 cm. This is necessary to build a small base. Asbestos concrete pipes are laid in the formwork to introduce sewerage and water supply into the building.

Place a plastic film between the concrete and the formwork; this will protect the formwork from contamination.

Laying reinforcement

The next stage is the installation of fittings. Reinforcing bars with a cross-section of 10-12 mm are connected with a special knitting wire so that the sides of the square cells are 30-40 cm. The reinforcement can be either steel or fiberglass.

Ventilation and communications

Pouring a strip foundation with concrete

Fill the formwork with concrete gradually. The thickness of the layers is 15-20 cm; to avoid voids and increase overall strength, compact the layers with a special tool - a wooden tamper or an internal vibrator.

You can order ready-made concrete mixture from the factory or make it yourself using a concrete mixer. The recommended proportion of cement, sand and crushed stone is: 1:3:5.

The layers should not differ in composition. In cold weather, you should use a concrete heater and frost-resistant additives; in hot weather, water the concrete.

Completion of work

Once the concrete is poured, it should be covered with film to prevent drying out and left to gain strength for at least 2 weeks.

A building made of aerated concrete blocks is lightweight compared to a house made of other materials. Therefore, you can save a lot on the construction of its base. However, it must be taken into account that the foundation for a house made of aerated concrete must be calculated correctly. The material has many advantages, but its disadvantage is the rigidity of the constructed wall. If the base sags, the facade will crack.

What foundation is best to build for an aerated concrete house?

The type of foundation is determined based on soil analysis and structural parameters. 1-3-storey houses are built from aerated blocks. Low-rise buildings allow you to make a choice in favor of an economical financial costs option. The most suitable types of foundations are:

• monolithic;
• pile;
• columnar.

Of the listed options, the most expensive will be a strip and monolithic base. They require a large consumption of reinforcement and concrete, which increases both the cost and labor costs. It is advisable to arrange a tape or monolithic foundation for a small house.

However, even in this case, the costs are not justified, since, for example, a column-and-strip foundation is erected with less time and money. Thus, you can refuse to install a strip or slab base due to economic infeasibility.

There are conditions when a strip foundation is the only right choice for a house made of aerated blocks. For example, when the site has soils with a significant shift (sandy heaving) and/or a shallow foundation is needed (from 0.6 m).

Monolithic design

On difficult soils, when there is close access to the ground surface groundwater, the choice is made on a monolithic concrete slab. Plates are divided into 2 subtypes:

• with stiffeners;
• without stiffeners.

The absence of stiffeners sharply reduces the strength of the slab, so this option is only suitable for a small building, and not for a residential building or cottage. For example, for a barn. For a house made of aerated concrete blocks best option on difficult soils - a shallow monolithic slab with reinforcement ribs. It is distinguished by the following qualities:

• high load-bearing capacity;
• integrity during soil freezing;
• high resistance to deformation during soil shifts.

The listed parameters allow the construction of 2-3-story buildings made of aerated concrete on a monolithic foundation. This is also possible on sandy soil without heaving. It should be said that a higher number of storeys is unacceptable when building from this material.

Disadvantages of a monolithic base:

1. It is impossible to make a basement, since a solid reinforced concrete pad lies under the entire area of ​​the building.
2. High cost due to high costs of reinforcement and concrete mortar.

A profitable alternative - piles and pillars

Pile and columnar foundations are characterized by economical consumption of materials, quick construction, and the ability to build on difficult soils. Both piles and pillars are installed pointwise along the perimeter of the future structure. The pillars are placed in pre-prepared holes in the ground.

They are connected at the top by a grillage - a monolithic, reinforced concrete, horizontal frame. It is the grillage that combines these elements into a single structure and evenly distributes the load of the house on them. Actually, the building is erected on the grillage.

For construction on watered, weak, frozen or heaving soils choose a special type of piles - screw ones. They are also the best option for construction on highly heaving sandy soil. low-rise buildings. Such a foundation does not even require leveling the site. For a small building screw piles You can install it yourself without using heavy special equipment.

Advantages of pile and columnar foundations:

• the possibility of installation in any season of the year (tubular piles are used in winter);
• reduce and more evenly distribute the settlement of the house;
• the closed contour of the grillage eliminates weak stability.

Thus, if you are building a house from aerated concrete and have difficult soils on your site, opt for a pile or columnar foundation.

Features of the pillar arrangement

The pillars have a rectangular or round shape. They are made of concrete and reinforced with a reinforcement cage. For this type of base, a grillage is also made of reinforced concrete. To construct it, the solution is poured into the formwork, inside which the frame rods are installed.

The grillage is located at the height specified by the project, visually reminiscent of the foundation strip. It should be noted that the columnar strip foundation is most popular in the construction of houses made of aerated concrete.

Details of installation of strip foundations and other foundations

For 2-3-story buildings, it is better to pour a monolithic strip foundation. For it, as well as for other types of foundations, high-quality concrete and reinforcement with a cross-section of 120 mm or more are used.

It is not recommended to make a foundation directly from aerated concrete blocks. This material does not guarantee sufficient strength under loads, since under prolonged exposure to moisture (groundwater) its physical properties deteriorate.

What blocks can I take?

The base can be built from other ready-made blocks, which are called fbs (solid foundation block). They are a parallelepiped with a large weight, for example, 300 kg. In this case, installation is carried out very quickly. However, the base will have technological seams at the joints of the FBS. The device will also require heavy equipment. Such blocks are suitable for arranging a basement or ground floor.

Options for strip design

When is a strip road being built? reinforced foundation, the important design parameters are:

• trench width;
• reinforcement diameter.

The depth of the trench for a shallow foundation is 50-70 cm.

Shallow strip base Suitable for buildings without a basement. If a basement is necessary, a deep foundation of this type must be made.

The standard depth of a buried foundation is 1.5 m. The level of soil freezing is taken into account: the trench should be located 0.2 m deeper. The width of the trench is determined by calculation and depends on the expected weight of the entire structure.

A value of 0.4-0.5 m is often taken.

How does the thickness of the walls affect the parameters of the base?

Regardless of the number of storeys of the house, the thickness of its walls is taken into account when calculating. This is especially important for the construction of a tape structure.

The width of the trench should be 10 cm greater than the width of the wall (5 cm on each side, since the wall will be located along the middle). The width of the grillage is determined in the same way.

When constructing the foundation, the bearing capacity of the soil in a given area is taken into account. You can find out this parameter at your nearest design organization. Tables are given here bearing capacity various types of soil. You can use them if you know the type of soil at the construction site.

Calculation of the foundation for a one-story house

For a 1-story building, it is enough to take the minimum calculated values ​​if the numbers are given in a range. For example, if for a shallow foundation it is stipulated that the foundation depth for one-story house is 50-60 cm, take the parameter 50 cm. In this case, this depth includes the installation of a sand cushion.

Thus, trenches dug to a depth of 50 cm are filled as follows (from bottom to top):

• sand cushion 20 cm high;
• formwork made of boards or blocks is installed on the sides;
• the frame made of rods is laid in the formwork (2 layers in 2 rows);
• a gap of 5 cm is left between the reinforcement frame and the formwork walls;
• the intersections of the reinforcement are fastened with wire or clamps, step 30 cm;
• concrete solution is poured.

To pour the solution you need: a concrete mixer, a pump, a concrete pipeline, a concrete vibrator.

For a two-story house, take the highest calculated values

The parameters of foundations for 2- and 3-story buildings made of aerated blocks are more durable. They should be like this:

• sand cushion 30 cm high;
• rods 12-14 mm for the frame inside the formwork;
• the pitch between the frame ligaments at the intersection of the reinforcement is 20 cm.

For columnar or pile foundation The sizes of the pillars (piles) differ: they must be of a larger cross-section than for a 1-story building. This parameter is determined by calculations and entered into the design documentation.

In case of device monolithic slab the foundation height is 50 cm and 40 cm for 2-3-story and 1-story houses, respectively.

Pile foundation

If you decide to build a pile-grillage or pile-screw foundation, you will need to make the correct calculations of the installation depth of the piles and the distance between them. Depth is calculated based on the following indicators:

The piles are located in the following places:

• at the corners of the future house;
• under the intersections of facade walls and partitions;
• under places with increased load on the walls.

The depth of entry into the ground should be 30 cm deeper than the freezing level of the soil. And the distance between the pillars is 1.5-2.5 m (at corners and in places with additional load, take a smaller value, that is, 1.5 m). The height of the grillage is 0.5 m.

Calculation of pillars

If a columnar strip foundation is installed, the depth and quantity parameters are used as for pile option. For the manufacture of monolithic pillars, concrete grades from M150 are used. However, it is suitable for a 1-story building with light façade cladding.

A more reliable solution would be to choose the M200. This brand of concrete is suitable for any type of foundation of a 1-2-story building made of aerated blocks. For a 3-story building, you need to choose M250 concrete for the foundation.

Here are the average parameters most commonly found in construction. Consider the individual dimensions of your building and the recommendations of the design organization.

Features of foundation calculations

We recommend that you order a project or buy a standard one before building a house. A professional calculation of the foundation is necessary to take into account the parameters of future construction. And they depend on many indicators, even on the material of the house cladding.

For comparison: a house with plastic cladding is only slightly heavier. A building with brick cladding puts a greater load on the foundation. The choice of the type of base and the volume of materials for its construction depend on the total expected weight of the structure.

Additionally: for independent calculations, you can use the information from the following GOSTs: 25485-89, 21520-89, 31359-2007, 31360-2007.

This is part of the training course on “Low-rise construction from aerated concrete blocks”. You can complete the course in full at the FORUMHOUSE Academy.

Design - the most important stage, on which the operational characteristics of the building being constructed, as well as its durability and comfort of living in it, completely depend. On construction market presented a large number of wall materials. Knowing the features of this or that building material, the designer will be able to calculate the design of a country house, which fully meets the requirements of the developer and complies with all technical regulations.

In this article, we, with the help of a specialist from a manufacturer of aerated concrete blocks, will help you understand the features of designing and building a house made of aerated concrete:

• Choosing a foundation for a house made of aerated concrete and features of the material.
• Basic principles of thermal engineering calculations.
• Most common mistakes allowed during construction and design.

Basic principles for choosing a foundation for a house made of aerated concrete

Construction practice shows that the service life of the house and its trouble-free operation largely depend on the reliability of the foundation. The foundation redistributes and transfers weight from the structure to the foundation. Therefore, remember this rule:

Without soil testing, the construction of a house is carried out blindly, with all the ensuing negative consequences.

To find out the structure of the soil and its bearing capacity, geological surveys are carried out, on the basis of which, having previously calculated the load from the building, the foundation for the cottage is selected and designed.

The foundation must be sufficient for the designed building. The design of the foundation directly depends on the weight of the building. This load consists of the dead weight of all structures, operational (useful) loads, as well as snow load, which depends on the construction area and is accepted according to the “Loads and Impacts” SP.

If we do not fulfill this requirement and build a standard foundation, without taking into account the peculiarities of the foundation on the site, we will get either a redundant, and therefore unnecessarily expensive structure, with an overconsumption of all building materials, or a foundation with insufficient load-bearing capacity. Which can lead to an emergency and subsequent expensive repairs.

For an aerated concrete house, the most commonly used types of foundation are slab and strip foundations.

A monolithic reinforced concrete slab exerts minimal pressure on the ground and ensures uniform shrinkage, and a strip foundation shallow easier to manufacture and less material-intensive.

Ruslan Mazitov

In all cases, optimal constructive solution by choice of foundation type, can be accepted only on the basis geological surveys construction site.

When designing a foundation for an aerated concrete house, it should be remembered that this material has low resistance to deforming bending loads. Monolithic rigid foundation with correct reinforcement, as well as reinforced belts, window lintels, correct connections of structures, etc. minimize deformation loads associated with possible soil shrinkage, which prevents the appearance of cracks in aerated concrete walls.

As mentioned above, the weight of the house affects the choice of foundation type. The pattern is as follows - the lighter the walls (the material from which they are made), the less expensive the foundation. After all, under light house no need to make a strong foundation. Let's remember this moment. Go ahead.

It should be remembered that the properties of the material used to construct the walls directly affect the design, construction and operation of the building. For example, consider the properties of gas and foam concrete.

Ruslan Mazitov

Aerated concrete and foam concrete are varieties cellular concrete- artificial stone material based on a mineral binder with pores evenly distributed throughout the volume. This gives the material high thermal insulation properties. The differences between foam and aerated concrete are due to the difference in their production technologies, which, in turn, determine the quality of the final product.

The most common misconception of inexperienced developers is to talk about foam and aerated concrete as one material.

Foam concrete, unlike autoclaved aerated concrete, hardens under natural conditions. This affects its final properties, namely, the unstable characteristics and geometry of the product, which is often made in artisanal conditions.

Aerated concrete can only be produced in high-tech conditions industrial production. This guarantees its quality and specified characteristics, which do not change from batch to batch.

Principles of thermal engineering calculations for an aerated concrete house

Now let’s look at the features of designing a house made of aerated concrete from the point of view of the thermal properties of this material. After all, in last years, due to rising energy prices, there has been a surge of interest in the construction of economical, i.e. - energy efficient houses.

Such a house allows you to save on heating, because... heat loss from the building is kept to a minimum. In accordance with the requirements of SNiP 23-02-2003 “Thermal protection of buildings”, the thermal resistance of walls (R) (for Moscow and Moscow Region) must correspond to 3.13 (m²*°C)/W.

Ruslan Mazitov

A house with a wall thermal resistance of 4.5 (m²*°C)/W is considered energy efficient. If the thermal resistance is 6.5 (m²*°C)/W - passive.

Based on these numbers, Let's make a simplified calculation and find out what the thickness of an aerated concrete wall should be that meets the standards.

As an example, let’s take the most popular brand of aerated concrete with density D400, strength class B 2.5 with a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.11 W/(m*°C) under normal operating conditions (A) and put the values ​​in the following formula.

d = R * λ, where:

• d - wall thickness.
• R - normalized resistance to heat transfer.
• λ - thermal conductivity coefficient.

d = 3.13 * 0.11 = 0.34 m

Those. the thickness of the wall that meets the thermal resistance standards is 34 cm. We go further and take an aerated concrete block of the most common size, namely 37.5 cm wide, and modify the formula.

And we find the actual heat transfer resistance of an aerated concrete wall 375 mm wide.

R= 0.375/0.11 = 3.4 (m²*°С)/W

Thus, we have exceeded the existing norm. In addition, the thinner the wall, the larger the internal area in the house. The load on the foundation and base is reduced, which means there is no need to design a powerful foundation. There is no need for additional wall insulation. This simplifies the building design and reduces construction costs.

When designing a house, one must proceed from the requirements of sufficient design and balance of all elements, which reduces the final cost.

Correctly chosen wall material brings with it a whole chain of constructive advantages that you just need to use wisely. In addition, aerated concrete can be easily processed, sawed, drilled and ground directly on the construction site using inexpensive hand tools. A direct analogue in terms of ease of processing of aerated concrete is wood, and the large format and lightness of the blocks significantly speeds up and simplifies construction.

Thus, when designing a house, we immediately think about how convenient it is to work with the material, whether it will be necessary to purchase expensive tools. Besides additional expenses, the complexity of processing the material leads to an increase in time for building a house and construction estimates.

Most common mistakes

At the end of the article, we will present the most common mistakes that are made when building a house from aerated concrete and which should be eliminated at the design stage, using the technology recommended by the manufacturer.

• Laying the first row of blocks on a foundation without waterproofing, which cuts off the rise of capillary moisture. We also pay special attention to the base, where splashes of water, repelled from the blind area when it rains, can fall. This place should be additionally protected with waterproofing materials, or treated with penetrating water-repellent compounds.
• Laying aerated concrete with cement mortar instead of special glue for thin joint masonry. The result is thick masonry joints - “cold bridges”. Instead of seams with a thickness of 1-2 mm, we get seams with a thickness of 1 cm. This also leads to excessive consumption of mortar, and when recalculated for the volume of glue, masonry on the CPR turns out to be more expensive.

• Refusal to use a monolithic reinforced concrete armored belt when installing a prefabricated reinforced concrete floor and laying slabs directly on aerated concrete. The result is that due to point loads, chips may occur on the blocks. The armored belt evenly distributes the load on the wall.
• Installation of over-window concrete lintels and armored belts without a heat-insulating liner on the outside (mineral wool or extruded polystyrene foam). As a result (if further insulation of external walls is not planned using the “wet facade” technology), a powerful “cold bridge” is formed, leading to significant heat loss.

• Refusal to reinforce masonry under window openings. It is recommended to strengthen the masonry with reinforcement so that it protrudes 0.5 m beyond the slope of the window opening.
• Use of non-vapor-permeable materials for exterior finishing. Aerated concrete allows steam to pass through well, so to finish it you should use vapor-permeable plaster or, if another type of facade is being installed, for example, brick, a ventilated gap (about 40 mm wide) should be provided for steam to escape. At the bottom, to remove moisture that accidentally gets into the gap, the design provides for the installation of special drain holes in the brick cladding to remove water, which improves the humidity conditions of aerated concrete blocks.

The strength and durability of any foundation depends on many factors, among which most people focus on the type of soil itself and the depth of its freezing. However, an equally important point is the initial strength reinforced concrete structure and the width of the foundation itself.

In this article we will tell you what the foundation for a building made of aerated concrete blocks can and should be. Let's consider options for strip, column and slab foundations.

The most popular foundation for a house made of aerated concrete is a shallow strip foundation with a width of 400 - 600 mm, and this is where we will begin our review.

When choosing the thickness and depth of the strip foundation, be guided by the following:

1. soil composition;
2. ground water level;
3. depth of soil freezing;
4. the total weight of the foundation and the building as a whole.

Let us repeat that the choice of foundation width depends on the weight of the future house and the bearing capacity of the soil. To save concrete on soft soils, you can make a wider foundation base, which will distribute the load from the entire building over a larger area.

Calculation of the foundation strip for a house made of aerated concrete

Note important point ! If you want to make the width of the foundation less than the width of the aerated concrete blocks, then it is allowed to hang up to 1/3 of the width of the block.

But in order to make such a maximum overhang of gas blocks, it is necessary to pour the foundation with the highest precision, that is, the width of the tape in all places must be ideal, + the diagonals themselves must be observed to the nearest centimeter.

Most often, recessed and shallow strip foundations are made with a width of 400 mm. Concrete grades M200-M250 are used.

Reinforced with steel reinforcement, in several rows.

The depth of the tape depends on the depth of soil freezing.

A strip foundation 40 cm wide will be more than enough for an aerated concrete house of several floors.

Calculation of the minimum width of the foundation base

B = 1.3×P/(L×Ro) - result in cm.

• 1.3 - safety factor;
• R- weight of the house and foundation, kg;
• L- tape length, cm;
• Ro- soil resistance, kg/cm².

Table with approximate masses of house structures

Strip recessed foundation

When turning to the use of a recessed strip foundation, in the case of an aerated concrete house, you must adhere to the basic rules:

1. By correctly calculating the reinforcement, you need to achieve high rigidity of the tape, as well as make the foundation walls as smooth as possible.
2. If you plan to build brick plinth, then it is advisable to tie it on top with a reinforced concrete reinforced belt, which will also increase the rigidity of the building structure.
3. No matter how strong the foundation is, reinforcement of aerated concrete walls will still remain a mandatory procedure.
4. The strength of a monolithic tape can be increased by expanding it at the very base, thus increasing the area of ​​support on the ground.
5. The use of foundation blocks for the main support of an aerated concrete building cannot provide optimal wall rigidity, so special care is required.

In some cases, an alternative may be a shallow type of strip foundation, which is laid above the soil freezing horizon. Such a foundation will move evenly in the vertical direction along with the soil.

It is extremely undesirable to use this type when constructing buildings with a large area and high walls, because as the length of the wall increases, the stability and reliability of the shallow tape significantly decreases.

The non-buried type of strip foundation is not used in the construction of aerated concrete buildings!

The use of such a foundation is often limited for stone and brick buildings, however, when the type of design and dimensions allow, it is used due to lower financial and resource costs.

Pile foundation with grillage (video instructions)

1. A columnar foundation is not suitable for construction on soft soil, as well as in areas with high groundwater levels.
2. The foundation pillars are laid 15-30 cm below the freezing horizon and widened at the base in order to increase the area of ​​support on the ground.
3. Grillage columnar foundation reinforced with reinforced concrete tape.
4. If it is possible to use a strip or slab foundation, it is better to give preference to them.

Monolithic foundation option (slab)

Currently in private low-rise construction A wide variety of materials are used, each of which has its own specific advantages and disadvantages and is capable, to one degree or another, of satisfying the requests and needs of the developer. An excellent alternative to traditional construction from sand-lime or ceramic bricks is the construction of private houses from aerated concrete blocks. You can build a foundation for a house from aerated concrete with your own hands.

The ideal foundation for a house made of aerated concrete is a monolithic or monolithic strip foundation.

Main characteristics of aerated concrete houses

The advantages of this building material are difficult to overestimate, given a number of its undeniable advantages. Here are just a few of them:

• excellent thermal insulation properties contributing to effective energy saving;
• precise geometric dimensions of the blocks with minimal tolerances, allowing the construction of perfectly smooth walls in a relatively short time;
• high vapor and air tightness, helping to create a comfortable microclimate in the room;
• fire resistance and environmental friendliness;
• relatively small weight of blocks per certain wall area and, as a result, minimal loads on the foundation.

The last factor is one of the most important, since the minimum weight of the building material allows for significantly faster and cheaper construction.

In addition, the construction load-bearing walls made of aerated concrete blocks requires a less massive foundation, which also significantly affects savings. The foundation for a house made of aerated concrete can be used various types, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages.

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Criteria for choosing a foundation type

When it comes to choosing the type of foundation for a house made of aerated concrete blocks, a potential developer is usually faced with two directly opposing opinions on this matter. Some experts argue that due to the light weight of the blocks, it is quite possible to limit ourselves to a less solid foundation. Their opponents point out that aerated concrete blocks They are very sensitive to deforming loads and, in the absence of a reliable foundation, such walls can crack. To achieve the best results, both opinions must be taken into account.

Another important factor that significantly influences the choice of the type of foundation for an aerated concrete house is the type of soil on the site designated for construction. The best option will be rocky or not subject to frost heaving. In this case, a monolithic reinforced concrete slab with a height of 20 cm or more is quite suitable as a foundation for the house.

The most difficult soils are clay and loam. On such soils, it is preferable to use the traditional one, laying it to the entire depth of soil freezing. A combination of tape and slab types is often used, when the tape is buried along the entire perimeter of the monolithic slab.

In addition to tape and slab, the so-called prefabricated technology is known, which involves the construction of a foundation from ready-made factory-made blocks. Due to the ease of installation, this method allows you to reduce the time for foundation work, however, it is not recommended to use it for building a house made of aerated concrete. The fact is that such blocks have increased water absorption, and to protect the foundation from moisture, enhanced waterproofing will be required. In addition, possible movements of heavy blocks are guaranteed to lead to the appearance of cracks on the walls.

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An example of calculating a monolithic strip foundation

Scheme of a monolithic foundation.

When building a house from aerated concrete with your own hands, you have to make most of the technical calculations yourself. not an exception. It is very important to take this stage of work seriously, since the reliability and durability of the structure as a whole will entirely depend on the foundation.

Let's consider one of the simplified versions of the method for a house made of aerated concrete. Suppose it is necessary to build a one-story residential building from aerated concrete blocks with dimensions of 10 by 9 m on clay soil. As other initial data we take the following values:

• soil freezing depth - 0.8 m;
• the distance from the planning mark to the groundwater level is less than 2 m;
• the total weight of all structural elements without the M1 foundation (calculated separately) is 55.5 tons.

Based on the available data, we set the preliminary parameters of the foundation: the total length of the perimeter L, taking into account the central partition - 47 m; width R - 0.4 m; height H - 0.8 m.

The area of ​​the base of the foundation S is determined by subtracting the area of ​​its internal part (8.2 × 9.2 = 75.44 m²) from total area house (9 × 10 = 90 m²) plus the area of ​​the central partition (0.4 × 8.2 = 3.28 m²):

S = 90-75.44+3.28 = 17.84 m².

• ease of manufacture and relatively low cost;
• excellent strength and load-bearing capacity;
• Possibility of placement on absolutely any type of soil;
• frost resistance and increased thermal insulation properties;
• Possibility of use as a floor for a basement or ground floor.