Apartments in Khrushchev's five-story buildings are almost always scolded, but they are in demand. Still, this is the cheapest type of urban housing. But different series of Khrushchevs differ both in safety margin and in consumer qualities.

The reason for the popularity of Khrushchev in the secondary housing market is not only relatively low prices. The main areas of Khrushchev's development have long since turned from the outskirts into infrastructurally developed middle districts, which have schools, kindergartens, and often a metro station within walking distance. The main arguments of opponents of the five-story buildings of the 1960s are the modest areas of apartments, walls that do not warm up and worn out communications.

We figured out what a potential buyer of a Khrushchev house needs to know, together with experts from the St. Petersburg Chamber of Real Estate.

Cons that turn into pros

Experts say that the low building density of the Khrushchev quarters is more likely a plus than a minus for their residents. “There are fewer difficulties with parking spaces, and also not as acute as in areas of active new construction, the shortage of places in preschool and educational institutions", - notes the chairman of the board of the St. Petersburg Chamber of Real Estate Ekaterina Romanenko.

There are no elevators or garbage chutes in Khrushchevs. On the one hand, it is inconvenient, on the other, it is easier to maintain order, there is nothing to break and clog up. Finally, five floors of lightweight panels are a relatively low load on building base... Therefore, if such a building is maintained in proper technical condition, it should serve for many decades without problems.

EXPERT OPINION

Dmitry Schegelsky, President of the St. Petersburg Chamber of Real Estate, general manager real estate agency "BENOIS":

There is a deficit in panel five-storey buildings. But some - and sometimes offer for sale at prices of "odnushki" in fresher houses, and often it is this circumstance that becomes decisive for the buyer. Redecoration allows you to radically refresh the Khrushchev apartment, but the question remains: how long will the house itself last. And here everything is ambiguous. Five-story buildings in different districts look almost the same, but they differ in design features: some are really almost irreparable, others have survived better than many newer buildings.

Where is this series, where is this house?

In St. Petersburg, several modifications of the brick series 528 are widespread, as well as five mass series of panel Khrushchevs (we will name them below). But in the southern and northern regions, different series of panels dominate. This is due to the proximity to the construction site of one or another house-building plant, each of which put on the conveyor one or another development of architects and designers.

But not all the experiments of the designers of that period have stood the test of time. Therefore, we can say with a high degree of confidence that the southern regions of St. Petersburg are the territory of relatively good Khrushchevs. At the same time, the islets of the earliest and most problematic are concentrated in the northern and eastern regions.

This is how the five-story buildings of the 507th and 504th series look like (outwardly, they almost do not differ). This is one of the most successful types of panel Khrushchev

In particular, the most unsuccessful from a constructive point of view are the houses of the OD series (the main location area is the Nevsky District), the construction of which was carried out from 1959 to 1963. The problem here is not even that the lightweight outer walls made of expanded clay concrete with a layer of mineral wool do not heat, but in the use of the so-called frameless structure. The safety margin is ensured exclusively by transverse load-bearing walls and welded joints. In case of corrosion and wear of the latter, buildings become unrepairable.

A similar design (incomplete frame, lightweight outer walls with a layer of mineral wool) have early 335 series houses, which, since 1959, were built mainly in the Kalininsky district. By 1965, the series had been modified with a full-frame design. But until the discontinuation of production in 1968, the developers did not succeed in solving the problem of thin and heat-resistant external walls.

Better five-story buildings of the 507th and 504th series were built from 1960 to the early 1970s in all urban areas. But in the Moscow and Frunzensky districts, this is the main series of Khrushchevs. Their safety margin is higher than that of OD (primarily due to the longitudinal location of the bearing walls), and massive external walls made of slag or expanded clay concrete panels keep heat relatively well (of course, compared to the series mentioned above).

Houses of the GI and A series are considered to be a kind business card south-western territories (Kirovsky and Krasnoselsky districts). They were built from 1959 to 1968 and are noticeably different from other Khrushchev houses both in the layouts of the apartments (we will talk about them below) and in the design. The main difference is the light external walls made of hinged aerated concrete half-panels. This is a weak point: the facades of most buildings look unpresentable and require repair and additional insulation. At the same time, the houses themselves are quite strong: the base of the supporting frame here is made up of transverse walls made of aerated concrete blocks, which, among other things, provide relatively good sound insulation between apartments.

Series 1-502B (in everyday life the 502nd series) is no longer quite a Khrushchev, some realtors call them five-story brezhnevka. These are really houses of the next generation, which began to be built in 1964, after the discontinuation of production of the OD and 335 series, and both in the northern and southern residential areas.

So called brick Khrushchev(early houses of the 528 series from two to five floors) were built in different areas. In terms of the main planning parameters, they are close to the panels of the 507 series, but even a brief overview of the options here requires a separate publication.

Three for the price of one

The layouts of apartments in panel Khrushchev houses of the main series are, in principle, similar. The ceiling height is 2.5 m, while in brick - from 2.5 to 2.7 m.But it makes sense for potential buyers to take into account two more figures - 2.6 and 3.2 m.This is a step set by the standards of that period cross walls. It is this moment that determines the main proportions of Khrushchev's apartments: they do not have spacious kitchens, and the living rooms are narrow and elongated.

Two-room apartments in the vast majority of panel Khrushchev houses (for example, in the 335th and 507th series) are usually one-sided, with adjoining rooms. A typical "treshka" has a common passage room, which is adjoined by a bedroom as narrow as a carriage.

Aerated concrete Khrushchev of the GI series. The main arrays of such houses are located in the southwestern districts of St. Petersburg. In such houses, only multi-room apartments are offered.

True, the five-story buildings of the GI and A series are radically different in terms of layouts from all other Khrushchev buildings. There are no "odnushkas" and "kopecks" in them - it is useless to look, there are only three-, four- and even five-room apartments. Such houses are suppliers for secondary market housing the cheapest "three rubles", which at prices are comparable to one-room apartments. However, in terms of area, they are also not far from the latter: only 42-44 sq. m (rooms - 6, 9 and 15 sq. m).

What else to pay attention to

The main disadvantages of all series of Khrushchevs are poor sound and heat insulation. In winter, apartments located at the ends of the sections are most susceptible to freezing. Early Khrushchevs have an unventilated roof, combined with an attic floor, which also does not keep heat. For residents of the upper floors, this is an even more serious source of discomfort than the lack of an elevator.

Five-story buildings of the second generation (from about the mid-1960s) have a semblance of an attic, and for their inhabitants this problem not so sharp. The roof can be repaired, and the facades are insulated at the planned overhaul... At the same time, builders have not yet come up with radical methods of treatment for dilapidated structures of the "incomplete frame" type.

EXPERT OPINION

Nikolai Lavrov, Vice President of the St. Petersburg Chamber of Real Estate:

If you are going to buy an apartment in Khrushchev, it is advisable to collect as much information as possible about the house and surrounding areas from open sources. If you do not have the desire or opportunity to conduct independent research, find a decent realtor who values ​​his reputation, is ready to work in your interests and at least save you from purchasing substandard products with disguised defects at the price of a quality product.

One more important point: Nowadays, buyers of apartments in five-story buildings should hardly count on profitable resettlement and demolition within the framework of renovation programs. Information about the year of construction and the type of any building, as well as what types of work related to the overhaul common property(facades, roofs, communications, etc.) are planned for each house for the coming years, can be found on the official website of the Housing Committee of the Administration of St. Petersburg. But it should be borne in mind that in this source only types are indicated (for example, panel Khrushchev, brick Khrushchev, etc.), but not specific series of houses.

Source bn.ru

Text by Philip Urban

photo Alexandronok

House type - panel
Number of storeys - 5, 6, 8, 9
Construction years 1959-1968
Development areas: Krasnoselsky, Kirovsky, Moskovsky districts of St. Petersburg.

Single-leaf plastic window 700 X 1550 mm

In Khrushchev's GI series, the window in the kitchen is of a single-leaf design. Two opening modes - turning and tilting, energy-saving double-glazed windows. Into the complex installation works includes dismantling, delivery within the city and metering, the total cost is free. When installing a new window, it becomes possible to install a 15 cm wide window sill. Turnkey window finishing - installation of a window sill, street drainage, internal finishing of slopes with a corner of 40 X 40 mm, plastering work - free of charge.

Glass unit: 4-16Ar-4 LowE
Fittings: SIEGENIA FAVORIT
White color
Product size: width: 700mm height 1550mm

Price: 10 625 rub.

Double-leaf plastic window 1470 X 1550 mm

Typical bi-directional sash window. The complex of installation works (installation, dismantling, delivery to St. Petersburg and metering) is free of charge. Window finishing on a turnkey basis (installation of a 150 mm window sill, drainage, finishing of slopes with a corner, plastering of seams) - free of charge.

Manufacturer: VEKA Germany
Frame and sash profile: 3-chamber
Glass unit: 4-16Ar-4 LowE
Fittings: SIEGENIA FAVORIT
White color
Product size: Width: 1470mm Height 1550mm

Price: 11 475 rub.

Three-leaf plastic window 2080 X 1550 mm

Inexpensive three-section design with one tilt and turn leaf. Complex of installation works - free of charge. Full finishing of a turnkey window - free of charge.

Manufacturer: VEKA Germany
Frame and sash profile: 3-chamber
Glass unit: 4-16Ar-4 LowE
Fittings: SIEGENIA FAVORIT
White color
Product size: Width: 2080mm Height 1550mm

Price: 15 810 RUB.

Brief characteristics of the Khrushchev series GI

A series of GI houses were built in St. Petersburg and Leningrad region Avtovsky DSK. Balconies in such houses are not provided. Kitchens with an area of ​​5 sq. m, combined bathrooms. The outer walls are not load-bearing, they are made of lightweight aerated concrete slabs, the thermal insulation of which leaves much to be desired. The main buildings of the GI series are five-story buildings, point buildings of this project are less common.

There are no window sills in the GI series Khrushchev. Installing a new window fixes this issue. Plastic windows are fixed in the middle of the opening, from the inside there is room for a small slope and a window sill. The window sill for Khrushchev of the GI series has a width of 15 cm. You can install the window sill wider. In this case, you will need reinforcing brackets at the bottom of the window sill.

The installation of a plastic window in the GI series Khrushchev is completed by the interior finishing of the slope. A wide angle 40 X 40 mm is used as a slope material. If the window is installed along the inner plane of the wall, the window is trimmed around the perimeter with a wide platband.

The choice of a plastic window in the Khrushchev series GI

Housing in the GI series is budgetary; it is not advisable to install expensive windows in such houses. For new plastic windows the following parameters will be optimal:

1. Three-chamber window profiles with a system depth of 58-62 mm.
2. Single-chamber double-glazed windows, energy-saving. If maximum sound insulation is required - double-glazed windows.
3. Window construction with one sash opening in two planes. In apartments on the ground floor with bars on the windows, all sashes should be made opening for washing.
4. Finishing PVC slopes with a corner.

When it comes to typical houses built of panels or bricks, it seems to an untrained person that they are all the same. But with a detailed study of the issue, one can not only learn to distinguish between houses of the 137 and 602 series, but also trace the development of design ideas, which has gone from the creation of pre-fabricated analogs of spacious "stalinkas" with similar areas and ceiling heights, through the most cramped and extremely cheap "Khrushchev houses", to modern standard projects, which are in no way inferior to their competitors, made according to individual projects.

Panel "stalinka" 1-506 ... The houses were built on Okhta, Kantemirovskaya Street and one on Petrogradka (the only panel house in the Petrogradsky District).

Panel GI... Houses of this series were built from 1959 to 1968. The outer walls are made of lightweight aerated concrete panels. The walls were not decorated with anything - just painted slabs. There are no balconies. The cocoon has special boxes for growing flowers - so that the house does not look completely empty.

Panel GI point. In contrast to the multi-entrance version, the GI series dot house contains 1- and 2-room apartments. Above is provided a skylight to illuminate the entrance.

Panel OD... Completely identical to the K-7 series being built in Moscow and other cities Soviet Union... There is also a hostel.

Panel 1-335 ... For appearance 1-335 are characterized by wide windows of apartments (double-leaf ones look square and on average 10 cm wider than other "Khrushchevs" of that period), elongated windows on the stairwells, almost the entire height of the panel. End walls without balconies, consist of 4 panels, two panels with windows in the center or at the edges. The largest number houses of this series were built precisely in St. Petersburg where they were produced by Polyustrovsky DSK - 289 buildings, a total of 1442 sections in Krasnogvardeisky and Kalininsky districts of the city.

Panel 1-LG-502... The material of the panels is the same expanded clay concrete as in the 1-335 series. The main development area is the Nevsky and Frunzensky districts. In terms of heat loss, houses of the OD series "compete" only with 1-335. Moreover, they often lose even to them. There are also cramped combined bathrooms with an area of ​​about 2 sq. m, 5-meter kitchens.

Panel 1-507 series. These five-story buildings were assembled from lightweight expanded clay concrete with mineral wool insulation.

Panel 1-507 series, modification in 7 floors. Equipped with lifts and waste chutes.

Panel 1-LG-504... Further development of the 507 series, produced at the same Kuznetsovsky DSK. Early houses in terms of comfort and area of ​​apartments differed little from the previous "Khrushchevs", but the later 504D2, which grew up to 10 floors, had spacious rooms and a kitchen with two windows. They were built both in St. Petersburg and in the suburbs.

Panel 1-LG-504, 12 floors. These houses have a smoke-free staircase with common transitional balconies, and on the first floor there can be both apartments and shops.

Panel 1-LG-600"Ship". The construction of houses of the 600th series was carried out by Avtovsky DSK according to the Polish project revised by LenNIIproekt from 1967 to 1982 in Leningrad and its suburbs. There are 5, 9, 12 and 15-storey (the last - only point) houses in this series.

Panel 1-LG-600U... Notable for the increased area of ​​kitchens in 3-room apartments. As a rule, 15-storey buildings were built with multiple entrances.

Panel 600.11. Further development of the legendary "ship". Initially, they had L-shaped kitchen windows (for installing window air conditioners in Baku), in the late 90s they began to install windows of a traditional shape.

Panel 1-LG-602... this is one of the most famous and massive series of houses in Leningrad. Such houses were built from 1966 to 1982. The first house of this series is located at 39 Prazhskaya Uditsa. The houses were built by Nevsky, Obukhovsky (DSK-2) and Polyustrovsky (DSK-1) house-building factories.

Panel 1-LG-606 early. The construction of panel houses of the 606th series was carried out according to the project of "LenNIIproekt" Nevsky DSK-6. Apartments in the houses of the series have parquet floors in the rooms and separate bathrooms. The area of ​​the rooms is 8-18 sq. meters.

Panel 1-LG-606M... Built from 1971 to 1989.

Panel 1-LG-606M 14-storey with 9-storey side sections.

Panel BS... They were built exclusively in the area of ​​the Primorskaya metro station in 1967-1970. The first block-section houses of 9-12-16 floors with a more progressive layout and a unified staircase and elevator node - the same LLU was used for buildings of different storeys. In 9 and 12-storey blocks, they differ only in the presence of a cargo-passenger elevator in the 12-storey version. Many of the techniques worked out here were further developed in the first version of the 137 series.

Panel 137 series. The first house was built in Kupchino in 1973 from components produced by DSK-2. After the house spread throughout the outskirts of Leningrad. It is still under construction in a modified form (for example, the Novaya Okhta district).

Panel 137 with aerated concrete outer panels.

Panel 137 series built in the 90s and 2000s.

Panel 121 ... It was built mainly in the Leningrad region. in St. Petersburg during the Soviet years, only a few houses were built in the Krasnogvardeisky and Vyborgsky districts, all of which were 12-storey.

Panel 121 modern. A series of panel houses has been under construction for a long time, a modification developed by the Gatchinsky DSK based on the 121 series, buildings are found in new residential areas of St. Petersburg. The apartments have good layouts and large areas. Materials meet the most modern requirements, including heat and sound insulation. Kitchen area in 121 series from 12 to 14 sq.m.

Panel 90LO-M... The development of the regional series 90LO, not represented in St. Petersburg, is carried out by the Kirishsky DSK.

Panel. Optima is a trademark of the Gatchinsky SSK.

Panel 1-464A... All-Union and very widespread in the Leningrad region series. It was not built in St. Petersburg.

Panel KPD-4570. A series of 5-storey military buildings built throughout the USSR.

Panel P-101... Number of storeys - 5-9-10 floors, apartments - 1,2,3-room. Years of construction - 1980s-1990s. The projects were developed by the 53rd Central Design Institute of the Ministry of Defense and were built throughout the USSR.

Panel Contact-SP... Produced by KZhBI 211 of the city of Sertolovo, Leningrad region.

Brick 1-527.

Brick 1-528-KP.

Brick 1-528 KP-40.

Brick 1-528KP-41.

Brick 131.

Brick 1-528KP-80.

Brick 1-528KP-82... 16-storey apartment buildings. They were built not only in Leningrad, but also in Volgograd (4 houses were built).

Brick Shch-5416.

Brick w.5733.

Brick w. 5733/14.

Typical brick dormitory 1-447-C-54. All-Union series.

Typical brick dormitory 164-80-4. All-Union series

Typical brick dormitory Sch9378 / 23k.

Selected (current) region - St. Petersburg (St. Petersburg) city

GI type series

GI is a series of mass-built housing in the USSR, developed at Lenproekt in the 1950s. They were built in Leningrad and Kolpino, Kingisepp, Vyborg, Priozersk and Pikalevo from 1959 to 1968, also in the village named after Sverdlov and separate houses in the village of Lensovetovsky, Ust-Izhora, Koltushi, Nikolskoye, Lyuban and the village. Pudomyagi (Gatchinsky district). They are located mainly in the Kirovsky (1,420 thousand sq. M.), Moskovsky (268 thousand sq. M.) And Krasnoselsky (138 thousand sq. M.) Districts of St. Petersburg. For 2011, the housing stock of this series totals more than 2 million square meters. meters total area... The manufacturer of these houses was Avtovsky DSK, specially built for the manufacture of such houses. During production, asbestos was added to the slabs.

Until 1961, houses were made from large blocks (G-1I and G-3I).

The houses were then assembled from large panels. The outer walls are made of lightweight aerated concrete elements. The walls were not decorated - color was added to the slabs during production. There are no balconies and window sills. Distinctive features This series is the presence of only two apartments on the floor (only 10 apartments in the front door) and the absence of one-room and two-room options for apartments (only three-room 41 sq. m and four-room 49 sq. m). The apartments have kitchens with an area of ​​5 sq. m, combined bathrooms - 2 sq. m. Ceiling height 2.5 m, and in the bathroom 2.3 m. One-room and two-room apartments appeared only in later "towers".

A three-room apartment, in Soviet times, it was called: "fifteen-nine-six" - these numbers indicated the area of ​​the rooms. And everyone who was engaged in exchanges in those years perfectly understood what type of houses and what kind of apartments they were talking about. A four-room apartment differed from a three-room one only by the presence of one more room - 8 sq. m.

Accommodation in these houses is one of the most inexpensive and affordable in St. Petersburg.

In the 1990s - 2000s, the prospects for the reconstruction of houses of the GI series were discussed, but until now a unified approach has not been developed. In 1991, an experimental overhaul of the house on Novatorov Boulevard, 3 was carried out with redevelopment and a superstructure of a technical floor. In the early 2000s, several houses of the GI series in Dachnoye were demolished.

Modifications

• G-1I... The series was built only in a five-parade configuration. The end windows of the houses are close to each other. The first house in the series: Avtovskaya street, 34.
  • 5 floors, 5 front doors and 50 aerated concrete block apartments (until 1961).
• G-2I... The series was built in five- and seven-parade configurations. The end windows, like those of the G-1I, are close to each other, but the outer front windows are larger in size than the average ones.
  • 5 floors, 5 front doors and 50 aerated concrete panel apartments.
• G-3I... The series was built only in a seven-parade configuration, the end windows of the houses are farther from each other than those of the G-2I, and all the front windows are approximately the same in size.
  • 5 floors, 7 front doors and 70 aerated concrete block apartments (until 1961).
  • 5 floors, 7 front doors and 70 aerated concrete panel apartments.
• G-3MI... The house stood on an additional foundation and on the first floor of this 6 storey building, there are shops. There are only six such houses in Leningrad, all opposite each other on Krasnoputilovskaya Street.
  • 6 floors, 7 front doors and 70 apartments with a first non-residential floor made of aerated concrete panels.
• G-4P... This is a panel point six-storey modification of the GI series with one entrance (“tower” type). The staircase has no natural light and has no windows.
  • 6 floors and 36 apartments.
• G-4I... Eight-story version.
  • 8 floors and 48 apartments.
• G-5I... The nine-story version of the "tower" is the most common among them.
  • 9 floors and 54 apartments.

List of houses of the series in the region of St. Petersburg (St. Petersburg) city:

Chervonny Cossacks - 32, Novatorov - 3, Avtovskaya - 34, Novatorov - 86, Novatorov - 52, Marshal Zhukov - 60 building 1, Leni Golikov - 37 building 2, Dachny - 36 building 5, Dachny - 36 building 4 , Dachny - 36 building 3, Dachny - 36 building 2, Dachny - 36 building 1,

Only the lazy did not scold the Khrushchev five-story buildings: they say, they are cold, and cramped, and burst at the seams. But everything is learned by comparison. By today's standards, they fit into the category of comfort class housing.

The urban planning policy in relation to the Khrushchev five-story buildings has been constantly changing in our century: the authorities either carry out exemplary modernization of the Khrushchev buildings, then, declaring them morally and physically worn out, decide to let them in droves for demolition. Meanwhile the main problem houses of the first mass series is not at all in dilapidation (they have survived no better and no worse than others), but in the fact that, according to the authorities, the five-storey building has a low density and occupies territories that are too attractive by location.

Therefore, despite all the "horror stories" about the dilapidation and accident rate of Khrushchev houses, the apartments in them are in stable demand and are by no means the most affordable housing. According to BN, average price an ordinary one-room apartment without pronounced defects in a panel five-story building fluctuates near the psychological mark of 3 million rubles. Below this value, at 2.8-2.9 million rubles. last floors, as well as windows on busy highways (which is a rarity in Khrushchev's buildings). Suburban Khrushchevs, located in "inconvenience" or at a considerable distance from the main transport hubs, are sometimes offered at record low prices - from 2.2 million rubles. But such prices are the exception rather than the rule.

What is the reason for the consumer interest in apartments in panel houses the first mass series? Are they really morally and physically obsolete?

Plus for minus

Half a century ago, a joke appeared that Khrushchev combined a bathroom with a toilet, but could not combine the floor with the ceiling: fellow citizens, sharp-tongued, ridiculed the new standards of economical mass housing - 2.5 m ceilings and combined bathrooms. But unlike today's designers, the ideologues of mass housing construction of the late 1950s did not think to come up with studio apartments, combining showers with hallways, and rooms with kitchens. Thus, the layouts set by the standards of half a century ago, in fact, turned out to be quite humane. And this is the first argument for the buyer of an apartment in Khrushchev.

The second is that for half a century the Khrushchevs have shown themselves to be extremely reliable and unpretentious in the operation of the house. In them there are no overlaps that have sagged, as in the old fund. And by virtue of their design features the five-story panel buildings with welded joints turned out to be exceptionally strong buildings: in particular, on the basis of the Leningrad five-story buildings, already in the 1970s, they developed and built houses for earthquake-prone regions of the former USSR.

And finally, everyone, and not only real estate agents, knows that the liquidity of real estate is determined by three characteristics: place, place, and again place. With the growth of megacities, the main areas of Khrushchev's development turned from urban outskirts into habitable and lush green areas with developed transport and social infrastructure.

The disadvantages of five-story buildings of the first mass series are also well known to potential buyers. They do not have an elevator or garbage chute. Due to the lack of an attic, apartments on the upper floors tend to get hot in summer and cold in winter. The first floor is also not very comfortable because of the dampness in the basement (therefore, "extreme" apartments are always significantly cheaper).

Refusal of excesses

The history of mass panel housing construction began in 1955, when the Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR "On the elimination of excesses in design and construction" separate apartment. The basis for the design of Khrushchevs was laid by the building standards of 1957, which provided for a height of living quarters from floor to ceiling of 2.5 m, miniature (from 4.5 sq. M.), Kitchens, as well as allowing the device of adjoining rooms and combined bathrooms. The pantry (or built-in wardrobe), bedrooms (6 sq. M. For one person, 8 sq. M. For two), a common room (not less than 14 sq. M.) Were called as mandatory elements of the apartment.

The most common series of panel Khrushchevs of the first mass series are 1-507 / 1-504, 1-335, GI, OD. But not all Khrushchevs are exactly large-panel houses. There are also "brick" series (1-528KP and its modifications), as well as houses with external walls made of brick blocks (1-527). The basis for the design of second-generation panel houses, the so-called brezhnevkas, which replaced the Khrushchevs, were laid by the building standards of 1963, which increased the minimum kitchen area from 4.5 to 9 square meters. m and did not allow the device of combined bathrooms. Meanwhile, really new norms, suggesting the construction of "houses with improved layouts" began to be introduced only in 1965, and in parallel, up to the beginning of the 1970s, five-story panel houses of the first generation continued to be built.

Coldest and warmest

Khrushchevs are considered the coldest housing. But not all. "Brick" series (1-528KP and its modifications), as well as houses with external walls made of brick blocks (1-527), in principle, are not inferior in terms of thermophysical properties to "Stalinist" houses. Series 1-507 with an outer wall thickness of 40 cm is also not the worst option in this respect. Heat loss record holders are houses of the GI, OD and 1-335 series. Moreover, the most problematic are the corner and three-sided apartments of the end sections, as well as the apartments located on the fifth floors.
Some owners of such apartments try to insulate them from the inside, creating a "layer cake" of mineral wool boards and drywall on a wooden frame. Alas, this is ineffective. Thermal insulation of external walls, especially of apartments located in end sections, is a serious problem. The only reasonable solution to the problem is modern windows with double-glazed windows and claims against representatives of operating organizations, whose tasks include repairing facades and updating interpanel joints.

In contrast to the houses of the later series, during the early "Khrushchevism" there was still no tendency to lay linoleum directly on a concrete base. As a rule, houses of the first mass series have parquet or plank floors laid on logs made of planks or beams. This design creates quite acceptable interfloor sound insulation, but since construction, as a rule, was carried out in an emergency mode, the space between the floor logs was often filled with sand.

Hence - the indestructible dust and the eternally "walking" floors. During the overhaul of such an apartment with the replacement of floors, it is necessary to remove a lot of garbage with "artifacts" from the times of shock construction projects - empty bottles and cans.

Prolonged probationary period

St. Petersburg Khrushchevs have been in operation for nearly sixty years. Therefore, for the blackened facades with crumbling facing tiles, blown interpanel joints and shabby porches, one should thank not the builders, but representatives of repair and maintenance organizations who have been mercilessly exploiting these houses for half a century, forgetting about repairs.

Meanwhile, due to their compactness, Khrushchevs are extremely maintainable, and their modernization is able to solve all problems, except for the disadvantage square meters... At the beginning of this century, targeted programs for the remediation of urban five-story buildings appeared, involving the insulation of facades and the replacement of communications, allowing to extend the life of the Khrushchevs for an unlimited period. Typical project, providing for modernization without resettlement, was developed by the State Unitary Enterprise "UKS Restoration". The recommended work included cosmetic repairs, insulation of outer walls, basement and under-roof ceilings, ventilation blocks, replacement of balcony doors and windows, and equipping with heat metering devices. However, by 2008, the renovation of houses of the first mass series was curtailed: for the city budget, the costs were too high, and for investors - the kingdom is not enough, not to roam.

Therefore, it makes sense to be skeptical about the statements of builders that some houses are easier to demolish, and in their place to build new ones. It is, of course, more interesting for them to master funds on a grand scale. But it is not a fact that new construction technologies for the construction of economical housing, as well as economy-class houses that are being built today, will also successfully withstand a half-century trial period.

Five-story houses of the first mass series

Series 1-528KP ("brick Khrushchev")

The development of this series began even before the memorable Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR "On the elimination of excesses in design and construction." Gable iron roofs, bay windows and 2.7 m ceilings are atypical for the Khrushchev period, therefore such houses are sometimes called late "Stalinist" buildings. Nevertheless, the massive volumes of development, the standardization of all parameters, as well as the miserable layouts of apartments, are given out in the five-story houses of the 528th series of Khrushchevs. There are no "excesses" here: the area of ​​apartments is only slightly higher than those indicated by the standards of 1957: kitchens - an average of 5.2 square meters. m, large rooms (in one-room apartments) and common rooms (in two-room apartments) - from 17 to 19 sq. m, bedrooms - 11.2 or 8.5 sq. m.

Series 1-507

The most massive, and, most likely, the most successful type of first-generation five-story buildings in St. Petersburg. Two experimental houses of the 507 series appeared in 1956, and after putting it on the assembly line in 1959, its modifications were built in almost all districts of the city until 1972. The number of entrances in such houses is from three to eight; there are four apartments on each floor. Of all the panel five-story buildings of the first generation, these houses are the warmest, and their sound insulation (primarily due to successful layouts) better than others similar houses... All apartments have built-in wardrobes, and in two- and three-room apartments they can be very spacious - up to 2.3 sq. m.

Series 1-335

Five-story buildings in this series are associated with Citizen and Malaya Okhta. The main site for testing this type of panel houses with external walls made of lightweight expanded clay concrete panels with a mineral wool insulation layer has become the Kalininsky District. They began to be produced in 1959 and were discontinued in 1966. In general, the layouts of such houses (four apartments per floor) are similar to those in the houses of the 507 series: exactly the same balconies, large storage rooms in distant adjacent rooms. But the combined bathrooms and miniature hallways made it possible to increase the kitchen area up to 7 sq. m.

OD series

On a massive scale, houses of the OD series were erected in the Nevsky District (there are more than two hundred of them). There is also a small area in Kupchino (in the quarters between Bukharestskaya Street and Volkovsky Prospekt), as well as in the Moskovsky District. In terms of planning features, these houses are a copy of the most massive and "exemplary" Moscow series K-7. Decent - in comparison with other Khrushchevs - layouts: separate bathrooms, not the smallest kitchens (about 7 square meters), spacious rooms of correct proportions from 11 to 18 square meters. m.

In terms of the quality of sound insulation and the level of heat loss, these houses are one of the most problematic: in outdoor wall panels a layer of mineral wool insulation is provided, which has become soaked and destroyed over many years of operation. A similar structure of the outer wall was declared insolvent shortly after the start of production, and the construction of houses of the OD series was stopped in 1966.

Another unpleasant feature of such houses is thin partitions inside the apartment (only 4 cm), on which it is impossible to hang wall cabinets.

GI series

The nomenclature of the series includes three modifications of five-story buildings. The outer walls in them are made of lightweight aerated concrete panels. Feature - two apartments per floor. Because of this, one- and two-room apartments in basic project not provided. But all three-, four- and five-room apartments are double-sided, and in the end sections there are three-sided ones.

Borrowings are clearly guessed in the layouts of such apartments, they resemble post-war European social housing: "halls" from 15 to 22 square meters. m, through which you can go into miniature kitchenettes, separated from the living rooms by an opening without a door, tiny bedrooms from 6 to 8 sq. m.

In addition to five-story buildings, the GI series includes several options for eight- and nine-story "point" houses. They "collected" one- and two-room apartments, which were "not given" to five-story buildings.

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