Help 2-NDFL / 13.09.2020

Monolithic slab overlap on piles do it yourself. Pyatino-screw foundation with paintwork from the monolithic plate. Slab foundation technology

The choice and construction of the foundation always remains the most difficult stage in the construction of the building. If the plot for construction is in lowland, yes, in addition to the clay soil, the plot of the freezing is rapidly for the standard 120-130 cm, it is better to use pile Fundam. But for non-rigid foam concrete, gas-filled or arbite walls, the foundation must be tied with excessively thick and powerful reinforced concrete woodworks. Mix the monolithic slab will cost much more expensive, despite the fact that there are practically no special advantage in comparison with the pile type.

The optimal option will be a pile foundation with a monolithic slab or solid painter.

Advantages of pile foundations with monolithic frame

It is always required to find a compromise between the efficiency and cost of the solution used. In this case, the advantages of the design in which the pile supports and the reinforced plate are used are obvious:

The cost of arrangement of a monolithic frame, even in a strengthened version, almost twice the cost of casting a full-fledged slab basement or a classic belt version to the level of ground freezing;
Transverse stiffness to bending loads Only a little inferior to the slab in the central part of the foundation system and exceeds the classic plate in the edge zone, where most of the pile supports are installed;
Due to the reinforced base part and blunting supports, pile foundations with monolithic frames are capable of standing almost on any terrain relief, provided that the piles are placed to the level of dense rocks below the friction point.

For your information! In fact, such a foundation scheme can be represented as monolithic plate, installed and rigidly fixed on the plug-in supports, but it is more correct to call such structures that are pile foundations with a monolithic frame, since the entire system is performed in the form of a concrete "table" hanging above the soil at an altitude of 10-15 cm.

Pile foundations, even with a large thickness of the ribbon woodwork, could provide the necessary rigidity in the horizontal plane only due to the very large depth and strength of the supports. Any soil movement led to the deformation of the building box, especially if it is a bar or aerated concrete block. Reinforced by the rod monolithic plate of the pile foundation makes it possible to eliminate even a hint of a similar situation.

Construction of pile foundations with monolithic plates

During the arrangement of this type of foundations, the same technological methods are used as during the construction of a conventional pile-belt foundation, but taking into account the requirements for the formation of a paintwork in the form of a monolithic reinforced concrete plate:

At the first stage, according to the location plan carriers wells are fighting for the required amount of pile supports, waterproofing and fittings are laid into the body of the future pile;
The area under the foundation of the house is rambling, dumbfounded with sand and rubble with drainage styling. Waterproofing and insulation fit;
The formwork is installed, the scroll turnover and the plates are filled with reinforcement, the bar is bandaged in the intersections and layers, concrete is poured.

For your information! The surface of the monolithic plate is usually used as the foundation overlapping and the base for the future floor. Therefore, it is thoroughly aligned and cleaned if necessary.

Preparation of soil under the arrangement of monolithic pile foundation

At the first stage, it will be necessary to plan and prepare the surface of the site as it is done in most cases for a thin slab foundation. To the depth to the bayonet shovels removes the whole fertile layer And superficial loam, the bottom is thoroughly aligned and tram with a thin layer of large rubble. Despite the fact that the monolithic foundation stovene will rely on the bottom, it is necessary to strengthen it to keep the integrity with possible bent. On the perimeter of the foundation in the trench at a depth of 70-80 cm, the drainage tube is stacked, it is desirable for concrete training, but it is possible on a sandy pillow.

Before the sinking on the plan it is necessary to break through the wells for the required amount of burnabilic piles. Most often these are piles of tees or anchor supports, with cone-shaped soles. Only after laying waterproofing in the form of a pipe from the frontal or isospan, the surface is covered with a thick layer of sand and thoroughly tram in four or five passes. Thus, the soil under the future monolithic slab will be dry and relatively resistant to progress. If desired, under the sand, you can lay a geotextile cloth by type of Dornita or similar density. In this case, the edges of the cloth are overpowered by 15-20 cm.

Laying thermal insulation and reinforcement

The lined and compacted "sand" is stacked by a layer of waterproofing, then a layer of extruded PPP, a thickness of 100-150 mm. It is recommended to use thin, in 30 mm thick plates of the heat insulator, laid with the seams between the layers.

The insulation must be postponed over the entire surface of the foundation, the windows under the supports are cut in the installation places, the laid waterproofing can be released outside the pile foundation circuit and fixed on the formwork of the stapler. As a result, a thick layer of EPPS will be located under the central plate and in the space between pile supports, which will play the role of the bottom part of the formwork and will continue to protect the entire design from the stripped soil. A formwork is installed along the contour of the monolithic plate.

A steel reinforcement with a rod diameter of 8 mm is used as the reinforcing element. The lower layer of reinforcement is placed at an altitude of 30 mm from the insulation and is necessarily tied with the reinforcement of pile supports. The upper layer of reinforcement is hanging in such a way that the distance from the future surface of the monolithic plate was at least 40 mm. The reinforcement window is 25 cm, the loading step of the upper and lower layers of the reinforcement is withstanding at 70 cm.

Pouring concrete and arrangement of scene

After booking, the reinforcing elements of the pile foundation are embarking on the procedure for filling concrete into the shape of the pile foundation. Most competent will pour the entire array at the same time using a concrete pump and concrete mixers. Cooking 20-25 cubes of concrete for 12 hours of light working day - the task is clearly not able to even brigade workers, therefore it is easier to buy it at the factory, but with the obligatory agreement with the accurate delivery schedule.

At the first stage, the perimeter of the slab and the areas in which external and internal pile supports are located. The cavity inside each pile must be sealing with a vibrator with a maximum load, after which the concrete is cast along the contour of the foundation.

After 5-6 hours, the viscosity of the concrete will become sufficient to proceed to alignment and trimming the surface of the monolithic plate. In the simplest case, the mirror of the foundation on piles can be aligned with a long rail, but a higher quality of the concrete screed is obtained using a specialized motorcing with a horizon machine.

After 6-7 days, the formwork is removed, and you can proceed to the arrangement of the basement of the foundation. The level of 20-25 cm around the perimeter of the foundation plate is sleeping with sand, laid waterproofing and insulate the slab polystyrene. From above, a concrete screed with a slope of 5-6 oh is performed. This is enough to clean the water, but at the same time do not create discomfort when walking. A properly planned scene allows you to completely close the insulation layer, which looks out in space between pile.

Conclusion

For today, the foundation in the form of a monolithic slab - the woodwork on the pile supports is the most successful for use on bunny soils. From the point of view of the technological and cost, the monolithic scattering foundation is an optimal solution, which confirms the high popularity of monolithic systems in the northern regions of the country. About high resistance to beanted says the fact that simple insulation of the scene allows winter foundation PlateLoaded only by the walls of the first floor, without the slightest traces of deformation or cracking.

On the sedentary soils, the most effective is the pile-slab foundation or a slab scarlet on the ledges of burbilling or screw piles. The difference between these structures is complete based on the stove on the ground to transmit part of the loads. Scarlet with land does not contact, it is necessary solely to ensure the spatial rigidity of the foundation and the support of small-format wall materials (brick, blocks).

The combined foundation is always more expensive than individual grounds included in its design, so it is laid in the project in the following cases:

platle woodwork is necessary to collect unevenly distributed loads (for example, in a building a lot of heavy partitions);
bloomed slab, which is a floor of the ground floor soil, relies on stepdown soils (the building will fall after the construction of the walls);
on the headings of boronabilic / screw piles it is impossible to open the walls of small format materials (brick, block masonry).

In other words, it considers the design of slab headlocks for pile gloves for the most severe geological conditions of the site, when even a floating plate with a high bearing capacity can go under the ground after construction on it the cottage boxes on it.

Calculation and research

It is indicated that in geological surveys for combined bases, the depth depth of the exploration shurph / well should be 5 - 10 m below the soles of the pile with loads up to 3 m. MN, more than this value, respectively. If the building stain is more than 10 x 10 m, the depth of exploration shurts increases to 15 m from the sole of piles. Technogenic soils, loose, organic, bulk layers should be completed to levels with sufficient bearing capacity. The adequacy of the bearing capacity of the formation is clarified by calculations.

The slab screech transfers the buildings of the building on the layers with a guaranteed bearing capacity. Therefore, piles cannot dive "just below the marking of the freezing", and plunge precisely to the bearing, this is the essence of the piles. In the above-mentioned values \u200b\u200bof the joint venture, the scho-slab foundation is adopted as KSP (combination of the pile plate). The error in the calculations is allowed only in the direction of increasing the stock of strength. A permanent and variable patch of the pile field, monolithic and team Ruraltshar are allowed.

An individual developer must be taken into account:

building, stove, pile field and soils is a single constructive system;
calculation of bend, domestic effort, drawdowns and mobiles is made exclusively in specialized programs by the method of selecting the minimum possible parameters (plate thickness, number and diameter of reinforcement, pile diameter, immersion depth) to reduce the construction budget.

Independent calculations in this case are practically impossible. Even factors such as the configuration of the walls are affected by the accuracy of the calculations, the construction of the village, the order of the construction of walls, overlap, roofing. Therefore, the calculation should be entrusted to specialists.

A free mapping of paintwork is a pile embedding by 5 - 10 cm in a monolithic plate or supporting railway structures on the heads. The tough pairing is the sealing of the length of the anchoring, this method is used in cases:

presence of pulling loads;
applications of composite, inclined piles;
presence of shifting horizontal loads;
on peat, fluid clay, rock-sandy soils.

With rigid sealing, it is necessary to calculate to join, an extension of the head can be used.

Marking and communications

For the combined foundations of the SSP, the markup is made along the axes of the pile field, taking into account the dimensions of the pit):

installation of clips - at a distance of 1 - 2 m from the corners of the catlery, the tension of the cords along the axes of the walls;
the protrusion of the perimeter is a trait for each side of the hammer, lime mortar on the ground.

At the stage of recess, options are possible:

if the project is laid on the project, there is no need for a knuckle;
for the slab in the depth, the depth of the pit is 2 - 2.5 m, depending on the marking of the freezing in the region;
for a low-boiled slab, the ground is removed by 0.7 - 1 m;
if low framework is planned (ground, underground), the development depth is 0.5 - 0.7 m, respectively.

In the last three options, the foundation pillow of a nonmetallic material (crushed stone with high coving, sand with a low UGN) in a complex with a warmed deficiency is mandatory condition. Otherwise, when the plate is frozen, the slab is torn away from piles.

For low-booty and unfolotable grounds, the commissioning of communications in front of the reinforcement and laying of concrete in the formwork is relevant. In the basements for which the slab is deeply occurring, engineering systems Complete through the side walls, in pre-laid sleeves.

"Hanging" stove on screw piles.

The thickness of the underlying layer is 30 - 80 cm on various standards. An individual developer should be guided by geological conditions in the building stain. For example, on the dusty sands, the worried soil makes sense to choose the maximum layer. On large sands in the backfill there is no need. Each 20 cm layer is compacted by vibrating plates, regardless of that crushed stone or sand.

For plates of monolithic structures, plantar waterproofing is necessary, so a two-layer carpet from a technicol, a biket or 0.15 mm polyethylene film is stacked over the underlying layer. To seal the nodes of fitting piles and the plates, the film is placed after the fill of the vertical columns.

Making a pile field

To position the drill tool at the bottom of the bottom of the cords, fixed on the trays along the axes of the walls, the plum is transferred with a plunde. The manual tool or motobur of most producers can be made in the ground holes a maximum of 40 cm in diameter. Some firms produce 50 cm equipped, which is preferable to boronobilic piles in subsidence. The technology of manufacturing drilling piles under the slab woodlock is:

drilling of wells to the depth of the reservoir on the project;
installation of formwork - a cylinder from a piece of rubberoid, polyethylene or asbotic tube of the corresponding diameter;
reinforcement - frameworks are made of vertical rods 8 - 14 mm of alternating cross section (the minimum number of rods by norms is 4 pcs per pile), linked with annular or square clamps of 6 - 8 mm smooth fittings, the upper ends bend at right angles in order to later It was possible to tie with a plate mesh, scolding;
concretion - Recommended concrete of mobility P4, laid in a formwork through a funnel, sealing the mixture with a deep vibrator.

After the set of concrete, the strength of 50% can be started at the next stage.

The manufacture of monolithic reinforced plates for pile gloves is produced by technology:

boarding - screed 5 - 10 cm from skinny concrete without fittings, serving for leveling and preservation of waterproofing carpet;
waterproofing - polyethylene film 0.15 mm, membrane or two layers of tehtonol, bicrost, hydrokhotloxole with flax leafs 10 cm, sealing of joints;
the formwork around the perimeter from the shields whose height is 5 to 7 cm more of the project mark (it is necessary to prevent the mixture splashing during the vibration removal, aligning the rule);
reinforcement - lower mesh from the reinforcement of a periodic profile 8 - 14 mm with a cell of 30 x 30 cm maximum laid on the gaskets (polymeric material, concrete) with a thickness of 1.5 - 4 cm, the upper mesh of a similar design, installed on special clamps (spiders), P-shaped elements on the ends of the plates for the bundle of two grids;
pouring - laying the mixture in one direction with the alignment of the rule and seal with vibrators (deep, rush);
care for concrete - watering in the first seven days or wet compress from sand, sawdust with periodic moisture in the heat, shelting with a film, heat insulator in the cold.

The sub-concrete is made of concrete B7.5, which is much cheaper than the B12.5 - B25 brands used for the slab itself. Laying the polyethylene film on top of the rubble guarantees multiple stones punctuations, this layer will protect this layer from damage.

The lower armoomas can be laid on 2 - 3 cm of gaskets, which will reduce the plate thickness to 15 cm (the calculation is required) without disorders of the minimum possible distance in the light between the reinforcement belts 10 cm.

Scarlet on pile

In contrast to the monolithic plate, Scarlet should not have support for the soil so that the forces of the radiation did not tear it from piles at the time of operation. Therefore, several technologies are used to provide damper space:

non-removable formwork from low-density foam - the material is compressed by the soil when peeing without pressure on the concrete woodwork;
removable shield deck - an option is possible only for a hanging screener with a height of 1 - 1.2 m from the ground for normal platform after a set of concrete strength.

In the first case, the technology is completely similar to the concreting plate. The pile headings are fitted at 5 - 10 cm, two reinforcement grids are stacked. Instead of sweeping, foam is used.

In the latter case, Scarret is much higher than the surface of the Earth, the deck is fixed in the space with racks, which are based on beams, runs. This is the most expensive version of the monolithic frame, which is very rarely used.

Thus, all possible options Combined foundation, in the design of which includes piles and stove (beugoned or hanging). In view of the complex design, experts recommend ordering calculations construction companiesWith the staff of employees with the necessary qualifications.

Plate on piles - sample of a lasting combined foundation for multi-storey buildings. The design consists of two separate foundations of pile and slab types, has an increased resistance to tipping.

The construction of pile-slab foundations is impossible without prior fulfillment of complex calculations. In this article, everything is about the device of a combined foundation base from pile supports and monolithic plates.

Pile

The pile-slab foundations consist of two separate designs: pile supports are interconnected by a monolithic slab, which simultaneously performs the functions of a hard frame.

The carrying capacity of such a foundation is significantly increased, but before the construction of the ground, the need arises to carry out a number of preliminary calculations of the exact calculations that take into account the emerging cumulative loads In the interaction of the foundations of two types.

The calculation takes into account the following factors:

Cumulative stiffness included in the design of the pile supports.
Possible non-uniformity of the location of the pile pillars in the support base.
The interaction of the monolithic plate with a soil base.
The impact of piles on the ground and the interaction of them among themselves.
The interaction of pile supports immersed in ground, with a monolithic stove.
Accurate calculation of the efforts to affect each pile in the foundation belt.

The mutual influence of pile supports and stoves can not be taken into account if the distance between the pile is sufficient, if there are many supports in the pile field, and they are installed with minor intervals, the calculations must be performed at mandatory.

When installing the combined foundation, the load on the stove and the pile base is unevenly distributed:

slab base - 15%;
pile supports - 85%.

Independently make calculations and the design of the foundation is extremely difficult, so it is necessary to refer to professionals.

Features of the use of spf

Scheme of pile and slab foundation

The original technology of the construction of the combined foundation assumes that the pile support is first carried out, after which the monolithic slab is erected. The monolithic plate simultaneously connects the supports into a single rigid design and enhances the design of the reference base as a whole.

In this case, there is no need to build a framework, which is always envisaged when the foundation for the foundation bases from pile supports is disappeared.

Areas with increased seismic hazards.
Plots for building objects with poor geology (bunching soils; high level of groundwater; the presence of underground lakes, waterproofs; freezing of soil to a significant depth).

To meet these requirements, it is enough to provide for the building on the problem area pile baseBut not in all cases.

During the construction of high-storey objects, large mass and dimensions, especially when planning subsequently addresses and increasing the storey, the pile base is not enough.

In order to enhance the reference belt, the device of pile-slab combined foundations is envisaged.

The combined foundation is envisaged when planning attached to the existing buildings erected on problem soils.
Absence geological Exquisites At the construction site, planning under the buildings of high strength foundations.
Vibration sensitive objects.

Technology construction

The arrangement of pile-slab foundations should be performed only by qualified builders in a certain sequence. For details on the pile and slab foundation, see this useful video:

Preparatory work

On the building site it is necessary to hold the tape of green plantings, remove the garbage, plan the territory.

If there are deep pits on the allotted plot, they must be filled with soil, heaps of the earth - to be counted.

First, the stamps of piles immersion places are marked in accordance with the draft device of the pile field. At the same time, contours can be marked around the perimeter of the slab on the pile foundation.

Piles are immersed in ground hammer blows

Reinforced concrete supports with the help of lifting equipment are fed to the place of dive, first lay out the elements around the perimeter of the outer walls.

On the construction site Copp is installed to drive a pile, with the help of this installation, installation and immersion of support racks occurs. Each pile is set to the dive point with the help of soloers, after which it is aligned and immersed in the ground under the blows of the hammer before the project failure. Honor installation moves along the pile field to the next point of dive, while all piles will not be clogged into the ground.

Pialy's headings are aligned with zero level, surplus are cut off with a special device (stem). Armature releases remain over the gloves, which will subsequently be linked to a single reinforcing frame plate.

Pouring plate

When the device is a concrete-pile foundation, after the pile is filling, it is proceded to the device of a rigid monolithic plate, to begin with a formwork on the specified dimensions.

Formwork can be made of wooden boards, thick plywood directly at the construction site. It is allowed to use the shields of a multi-precision metal formwork, having previously cleaned them from the layers of dirt and concrete.

The finished formwork box under the foundation is lined with waterproofing materials, usually use runneroid.

Then you should prepare a sandy-chicken bench under the slab base. The layer of sand falls asleep in the formwork of the layers of 15-20 cm and trambed with vibrotrambols until a complete seal. On the sand layer, the crushed stone is filled, which is aligned and trambed to the achievement of high density.

The liquid concrete solution is performed by a concrete gravy, the thickness of which should not exceed 3 cm, this procedure will help to align the area under the bottom surface of the slab.

In the formwork, an armature frame is exhibited, which is reliably welded to the protruding fittings from the head of each pile. After finishing mounting work The installation of the reinforcement frame, proceed to concreting the slab base. Concrete is poured into formwork from two opposite corners of the design. On how to pour a monolithic slab, see this video:

It is desirable to complete the plates concreting in one day so that the cold bridges are not formed.

Laid concrete mix Carefully compacted with vibrotable.

The strength of the concrete slab will drop in 28 days. During the hardening of concrete, it is necessary to carry out the surface of the surface, for which it is covered with the film and moisturize several times a day.

Caring for the surface of concrete will help to prevent uneven drying laid in the design of the mixture. After a complete set of strength, the silent-slab foundation design can serve as a support for the building erected.

To understand how to make a woodworking stove, you need to figure out what screened. The words of the average man is the upper part of the base. It serves to distribute uniform loads throughout the foundation. The design consists of a monolithic plate and pile. You can install it on any kind of soil .

Stove construction frame

Password asstensions:

pile connection;
the ability to share loads throughout the area;
strengthening design;
the impossibility of shrinkage of the foundation or its elements.

Three types of woodworking are highlighted:

Suspension;
Metal;
Concrete.

The design of metal involves connecting piles using a channel, less frequently than 2All. The sewer's section can be different, a wide variant is suitable for bearing walls (more often 30). For stacking a monolithic plate with painter, the last (up to 20) is applied.

Scarlet from concrete is used for bearing walls. To install, follow the following steps:

in dug trenches, piles are mounted;
if you need to cut piles or increase the depth of the pit;
fill the PGS trenches;
final stage - to perform a formwork and suspend the reinforcement;
pour concrete right on piles.

Materials used

Scarlet classified by source material. Highlight:

lungs (tree);
heavy (metal, concrete).

Scheme of all foundation-plate elements

Wood breeds are used to create lightweight structures. The wood type provides for mandatory protection measures from various pests and moisture.

Serious designs involve the use of reliable materials, such as reinforced concrete or reinforced concrete. This is the most justified version of the frame. It is durable and done right during the main construction site, which helps to reduce its cost.

The use of metal type is extremely rare. The popularity of this option is fading due to its high cost, low practicality and complex installation. Its use involves special processing, which increases cost several times.

Installation and harvesting under the woodlock

First of all, it is necessary to make a markup, for this, the upper layer of the soil is removed and the pit is removed. Its value should be 1m more on each side than the future foundation. It is done to set the formwork. This is a huge amount of work and it is worth using the excavator. Soil should be removed carefully and reaching a certain depth to start manually alignment. You can use mechanized alignment, using a mini-excavator and a planning bucket installed on it. Geotextile stacked on the bottom and throws out sand. Next, you need to put rolled waterproofing. Glassizol is protected by the foundation from water and moisture.

Important: This type of waterproofing is obtained from fiberglass, which is impregnated with bitumen.

Tightness ensures the same bituminous primer. He is applied to the place overlap. It is not recommended to use runneroid, it is inelastic and cracks. For paintwork, formwork is made, throughout the perimeter of piles. To withstand the pressure during the fill of the concrete, the opaque must be well consolidated to avoid the displacement of the structure. Material uses moisture protection fane or edged board. And so that the solution does not stick to the walls, a polyethylene film is used.

Installation of columns piles with frame-stove

First of all, reinforcement is made in two layers. The diameter of the rod depends on the future load. In order not to sell the waterproofing, the reinforcement design should be installed on plate stands. To achieve a solid monolithic design of the stretch of reinforcement, it is necessary to connect wire over the entire stove with pile, and then tie along with the rods of the screened.

Important: All work on the installation of water supply, sewage and heating mains must be made before the foundation is covered, otherwise the gasket of communications in the future will be very complex.

The next stage involves the markup of the plate, its upper boundary and the creation of reinforcement issues for Ruralsk. After performing this work, the formwork is ready for the pouring of concrete. All work should be done in one day, so concrete should be supplied continuously and high quality, without air bubbles and homogeneous mass. After appropriate concrete, you can pour aside, which is above the level. One integer with a monolithic slab is formed, which increases the strength of the foundation. Concrete is periodically watered with water and covered with a film after alignment.

After 7 days you can shoot down to formwork. If the groundwater level is a high monolithic slab need to lay shallow. To prevent the soil tooling, it is necessary to make a removal of precipitation from home.

We offer to watch the video of the device CHAYNO-ROOTSER FOUNDATION WITH ROOM.

Benefits of construction

The use in the construction of a monolithic plate with painter has advantages:

use in many areas. You can install such foundations on different types soil, including unstable;
designs are reliable and durable, with proper construction;
long service life. Materials of good quality guarantee up to 70 years of service;
the relief of the plot is not important thanks to the universality of the structure;
the ability to create a hidden frame that is sometimes very relevant;
low cost;
a variety of species of woodworks that are suitable for different conditions.

Articles on the topic:

The choice and construction of the foundation always remains the most difficult stage in the construction of the building. If a plot for construction is in lowland, yes, in addition to the clay soil, the drainage depth is rapidly for the standard 120-130 cm, it is better to use a pile foundation. But for non-rigid foam concrete, gas-filled or arbite walls, the foundation must be tied with excessively thick and powerful reinforced concrete woodworks. Mix the monolithic slab will cost much more expensive, despite the fact that there are practically no special advantage in comparison with the pile type.

The optimal option will be a pile foundation with a monolithic slab or solid painter.

Advantages of pile foundations with monolithic frame

The cost of arrangement of a monolithic frame, even in a strengthened version, almost twice the cost of casting a full-fledged slab basement or a classic belt version to the level of ground freezing;
Transverse stiffness to bending loads Only a little inferior to the slab in the central part of the foundation system and exceeds the classic plate in the edge zone, where most of the pile supports are installed;
Due to the reinforced base part and blunting supports, pile foundations with monolithic frames are capable of standing almost on any terrain relief, provided that the piles are placed to the level of dense rocks below the friction point.

Pile foundations, even with a large thickness of the ribbon woodwork, could provide the necessary rigidity in the horizontal plane only due to the very large depth and strength of the supports. Any soil movement led to deformation of the building box, especially if it is a bar or a fuel-concrete block. Reinforced by the rod monolithic plate of the pile foundation makes it possible to eliminate even a hint of a similar situation.

Construction of pile foundations with monolithic plates

At the first stage, in accordance with the plan for the location of the bearing walls, the wells are fighting for the required amount of pile supports, waterproofing and fittings are laid into the body of the future pile;
The area under the foundation of the house is rambling, dumbfounded with sand and rubble with drainage styling. Waterproofing and insulation fit;
The formwork is installed, the scroll turnover and the plates are filled with reinforcement, the bar is bandaged in the intersections and layers, concrete is poured.

Preparation of soil under the arrangement of monolithic pile foundation

At the first stage, it will be necessary to plan and prepare the surface of the site as it is done in most cases for a thin slab foundation. The entire fertile layer and surface loams are removed to the depth of the shone of shovels, the bottom is thoroughly aligned and thrifted with a thin layer of a large rubble. Despite the fact that the monolithic foundation stovene will rely on the bottom, it is necessary to strengthen it to keep the integrity with possible bent. On the perimeter of the foundation in the trench at a depth of 70-80 cm, the drainage tube is stacked, it is desirable for concrete training, but it is possible on a sandy pillow.

Laying thermal insulation and reinforcement

Pouring concrete and arrangement of scene

After 6-7 days, the formwork is removed, and you can proceed to the arrangement of the basement of the foundation. The level of 20-25 cm around the perimeter of the foundation plate is sleeping with sand, laid waterproofing and insulate the slab polystyrene. From above, a concrete screed with a bias in 5-6o is performed. This is enough to clean the water, but at the same time do not create discomfort when walking. A properly planned scene allows you to completely close the insulation layer, which looks out in space between pile.

Conclusion

Today, the foundation in the form of a monolithic plate - the frame on the pile supports is the most successful for use on bunched soils. From the point of view of the technological and cost, the monolithic scattering foundation is an optimal solution, which confirms the high popularity of monolithic systems in the northern regions of the country. The very fact that the simple insulation of the scene allows to winter the foundation plate loaded only by the walls of the first floor, without the slightest traces of deformation or cracking.

Build a house of foam blocks with your own hands
Floating
Formwork for the foundation with your own hands
Foundation for the furnace in the bath

Video of our work on the installation of a combined foundation - railway plates on screw piles:

On the device, the foundation with a frame from the monolithic slab is similar to a slab foundation that is chosen for construction on weak soils. Such a foundation is not destroyed by uneven sediment of the soil due to its rigidity.

Often locally where groundwater It is highly located or there are floods, on weak soils, soils exposed to frosty bent is often used by the pile-screw foundation, which allows the plot in difficult conditions, quickly and, retaining the budget, build a solid foundation. The lower ends of the piles are plugged into the ground below the drainage depth, the upper binds to a solid construction, which allows you to distribute the weight of the building.

One of the types of materials for the strainer of the pile-screw foundation uses reinforced concrete - the ideal solution for any type of buildings. Such a base can withstand heavy loads.

How to make a house on the pile foundation with a railway plate, find out the prices of St. Petersburg, order a turnkey project - all questions can be solved in our company SV-foundation. To do this, it is enough to call by phone or order a callback.

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Stages of the construction of a pile foundation with monolithic framework

The first stage is to apply the markup of the future of the pile foundation with the painter.

Then the standard procedure for screwing the piles of the required diameter and length, trimming of piles and their concreting (filling cement-sandy solution).

On the piles there is a channel, to create a flat platform for a reinforced concrete plate. Next, the chaserler is welded in places of connection with pile and in the joints of the joint. The seams are clean and covered with paint.

After they checked all the dimensions of the house for compliance, you can begin formwork of the monolithic reinforced concrete frame.

A channel will play as a formwork that puts on a rib on the strapping of screw piles. The channels of the chawller are wedged and welded. From the inside, the angle is welded to the channel, then after half the seam of 5-7 mm, then half meter and seam 5-7 cm. And so on. On the outside, welding occurs in the same principle, only in a checker order. So that the channel does not walk, they are installed jacks (rigidity edges).

From above on the channel is put on the profile sheets of the mustache, then the fittings.

Armature is performed in three tiers.

The first tier is placed on plastic locks, a height of 3 mm, parallel to the waves. The second tier is placed perpendicular to the first, the third one is across the second. All tiers are associated with a special wire. Thus, cells are obtained;

Knowing where communications will be, at this stage, the inputs are prepared (special holes in the profile sheet) and the sleeve.

So that concrete does not run through the slots between the formwork and the profile sheet, these slits are filled with mounting foam.

At the last stage concrete flooded. With the help of a deep vibrator, air from concrete is removed in parallel, and all empties are filled. After which the playground is aligned.

After the concrete freezes - the concrete slab on the pile foundation will be ready.

What is important to know when the monolithic reinforced concrete framework

To deliver concrete, you will need a concrete nanos, which is ordered in a third-party company. For this machine, it is necessary to prepare the platform, the size of the site will depend on the tasks that stand in front of the builders, as well as the boom length of the concubonary pump.

When ordering cars with concrete, the operator is reported to the interval with which the machines should arrive at the object. In this case, the interval is not needed, since the concrete should not dry, and the concrete mass must be homogeneous.

If concrete was brought to the object more than required, it will take a place where concrete will need to merge. Such a place must be prepared at the facility in advance.

Any technique producing concrete transport must be rinsed after the completion of the work. The site will need 100-200 liters of water and a place where this procedure can be done, to this you need to be prepared.

On a pile-screw foundation with a monolithic slab, you can build not only lungs frame houses And the houses from the bar, but also at home of the middle severity - foam concrete, aerated concrete and other block materials. But it is necessary to approach the design more thoroughly. It will take to calculate changes in the thickness of the materials and their number may need to increase the cross section and ruling of reinforcement. Therefore, it is important to choose a competent contractor who will perform all work with accuracy.

SV-foundation company designers will be able to qualitatively prepare a project of a fundamental plate on screw piles under your home, and the assembly brigade will produce all necessary work On your site.

How much will cost the foundation for home 10 to 10

When building a small private house on problem grounds, the difficulty consists in choosing a suitable type of foundation. On such soils it is possible to use screw piles and such a design as a "floating" plate.

The monolithic stove on the piles represents the structure where the element of the compound (woodwork) is not the beam, but a solid reinforced concrete plate.

Country foundations can be attributed to Sailo similar designs.

About screw piles in detail

Industry has mastered the production of screw piles of two types. In one embodiment, the similarity of the screw thread at the end of the pile is created by welding the sheet metal, in the other - piles are cast in special forms, the screw is created as a whole. Such screws are much stronger and practically do not have operational restrictions.

These products have an anti-corrosion coating that is not inferior to the coatings used for the underwater parts of the ships. Piles with welded screws are mainly used in private house-building.

In the image 1 shows such piles. The hole in the top of the trunk is used to create a rotation lever. If necessary, the trunk can be lengthened by welding with a pipe of equal diameter, but necessarily through the amplification from the inside. In this case, the bottom tube must be trimmed below the holes of about 20 cm. The welding seam is well cleaned and covered with a protective layer.

In the image 2 shows the pile with a finished headband for the grill. It will have to create a simple design for its rotation, which is fixed by bolts on the ledge.

Passing in a dense soil, pile it does not destroy, and even more compacted. This means that the resistance of the soil by external loads at the expense of friction forces increases, which is especially important for hanging piles that do not reach dense soil. Such rods perceive the load from the building only at the expense of friction forces between the barrel and the compacted soil. It is desirable that such piles are not.

In terms of reliability and durability, the foundations on the screw piles are not inferior to other types of foundations, and in some indicators and are superior to many of them. Here are quite obvious:

Obupping piles to different depths, you can completely abandon the leveling of the territory;
Nearby buildings and underground communications are not an obstacle to use;
Manual screwing and operation of piles is absolutely safe, since their surface is not ribrant;
Even independently install piles can be quick enough;
In accordance with the requirement of GOST 25100-95, one pile load should be at least 4 tons (not to be confused with the allowable load on the base). Usually it is equal to about 5 tons;
You can perform at any time of the year and in any soils (except rock bases).

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Features of the pile of this foundation

For houses made of wood or foam block (if the weight of the structure is small) apply piles with a diameter of 108 mm, for more severe buildings - piles with a diameter of 133 mm. The diameter of the screw blades is 1.25 times more. The carrier ability is an average of 6.5 tons (for d \u003d 108 mm) and 9.5 tons (for d \u003d 133 mm). These loads correspond to the depth of oxide into the tub plastic soils at a depth of 1.7-1.8 m. Such soils can be clay and loam.

Piles can be selected for almost any depth. Here are existing in cm: 165, 180, 200, 250, 300 and then after 50 cm to 11 m. Outputs are produced clockwise until it stops (or before the hole deformation for the lever).

To pre-decide on the length in advance, it is advisable to perform control drilling in several places near the foundation perimeter and to eliminate hanging piles, you may have to acquire their different lengths. In any case, the depth of the oxide should exceed the depth of the primer of the soil by about 20 cm.

The amount of support is determined by the weight of the structure (the load from the supports, as the foundation, is not taken into account). Check the implementation of the condition at which it withstands the load from the structure.

For clogged pile of such structures, this condition is determined by inequality

Q ≤ q u, (1),

where q is the load from the entire structure transmitted to the soil of pile (kg); Scarlet is necessarily taken into account as a foundation load;
Q U is a counter-based base force (kg).

To determine the Q U need to know carrying ability The bases (soil) and the cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bthe support. For example, a dense dry clay has a carrier ability [σ] \u003d 6 kg / cm 2. The same clay, but the wet has [σ] \u003d 4 kg / cm 2. The same soil, but the average density has [Σ] \u003d 2.5 kg / cm 2 (dry) and [σ] \u003d 1 kg / cm 2 (wet). In order to understand what we are talking about, make calculation.

Let the transverse cross section of the scoring pile are equal to S H \u003d 20 × 20 \u003d 400 cm 2. Then the load that the soil will withstand (dense dry clay) under the pile will be equal to

Q u \u003d [σ] · s sv \u003d 6 · 400 \u003d 2400 kg \u003d 2.4 tons.

If the weight of the structure Q \u003d 50 tons, then assuming that it will be distributed evenly, 21 support will be required. In contrast to the ribbon, the pile foundation does not always transmit the load on the base uniformly.

It is much more difficult to take into account the carrying ability of the soil for screw pile, as it is necessary to take into account the resistance of the friction forces [τ].

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Device of pile foundation

Separate pile (not only screw) can be. Many piles under construction must be combined either by beams or a solid slab. Such unifying elements are called painter. Its location relative to the soil is given in the image 3.

Scarlet can be placed in the ground, on the ground (low placement) or at some height above the soil (high placement). With low placement, it is necessary first to plan the territory, and to accommodate the ledge in the ground, also to drench the corresponding trench depth. For high accommodation, it is enough to remove the upper fertile layer, and the horizontal plane is determined relative to the highest point at the construction site.

After turning all the piles, they are cut on a given height using a hose level, and the concrete of a class is not lower than B25. It is necessary to trim so that the holes are removed through which their overtakes occurred. The implementation of this condition must be provided for even when calculating the required pile length, taking into account the depth of their overtaking.

If the pile already has a ready-made headband, as in Image 2, then the level will have to be at two receptions. This is due to the fact that to rotate pile clockwise (extract) to adjust the height in no case. Therefore, at the beginning, the required level is overestimated slightly, and already, by defining the lowest pile, rotating only clockwise, all the others are exposed. After that, poured concrete. The piles lay the reinforcement for communication with the painter.

If Scarlet is made in the form of beams, they can be used in any placement of screw piles. Beams can be wooden, metal or monolithic reinforced concrete. The beams are installed around the perimeter and the piles, screwed under the carriers of the inner partitions. Their reinforcement must be strengthened: at the bottom of the beams between the pile and at the top, above the pile. Ruralstock-stove is suitable for highly placed piles. This stove can be sampled at the ground level. In this embodiment, the beams will be a kind of formwork for filling the plate.

Fill out the calculation of contributions in unusual situations

Reflection in the balance sheet of indicators formed in the account "Calculation with the founders Account 210

Monolithic slab overlap on piles do it yourself. Pyatino-screw foundation with paintwork from the monolithic plate. Slab foundation technology