How to check the authenticity of documents for a loan. How documents are checked for a loan. Checking the data specified in the questionnaire

The most time-consuming and responsible process for banks in working with a borrower is its verification for compliance with all the requirements of the lending program and internal scoring policy. Therefore, in order to understand how the bank checks the borrower, it is worth considering each stage of the procedure in more detail.

Verification of identification documents

It is worth remembering that banks do not issue loans based on photocopies of documents. Therefore, the passport, identification code and other documents must be only originals with all security elements. The only exception is the work book, which must be kept at the enterprise. Moreover, each bank employee can check the reliability of a photocopy of a work book through an official request at the borrower's place of work.

It is also important to know that at the slightest defects or blots on the identification documents, they are considered invalid, and the loan officer will immediately refuse to even start filling out the application. No explanations, such as “the child scribbled with a pen” or “accidentally ripped when he took it out of his pocket,” will not help. Therefore, you will have to go and reissue the damaged document.

How do banks check certificate 2 of personal income tax?

Confirmation of the possibility of payment of the loan by the client is a rather important stage in the verification process. For this, a 2-NDFL certificate is mandatory. Initially, the loan officer visually checks its structure for compliance with the order of the Federal Tax Service of Russia dated November 17, 2010 N ММВ-7-3 / [email protected], subject to amendments dated 06.12.2011 N ММВ-7-3 / [email protected] It should look like this.

It should be noted that the slightest deviation from the standard form, up to a typo in the date of the order on its structure, is a violation and can be calculated as falsification of a document. It is not difficult for an experienced loan officer to identify the main deficiencies.

The next step in verification is to check the enterprise specified in the certificate for the presence of state registration in the register of the Unified State Register of Legal Entities. This is done by a bank employee in a matter of seconds by entering the identification number of the enterprise or employer on the website of the Federal Tax Service.

The loan officer then proceeds to call the business. With this action, two nuances are checked. The first is the correspondence of the phone number specified in the certificate. The second - in the accounting department, it is clarified whether the client really works at the enterprise and what position he occupies.

Nuances when checking income statements

It is worth remembering that there can be no corrections or blots in 2-NDFL. If they are available, the document is considered invalid, and it is necessary to demand from the accountant or entrepreneur its new production.

If the loan officer has doubts about the reliability of the specified salary, he clarifies the average income of citizens with relevant positions in similar industries in the region where the client works. In case of large discrepancies, a written request is made to the accounting department of the enterprise to provide this information.

How do banks check credit history?

The procedure for checking the credit history of the borrower, although less laborious, is no less important than the verification of the 2-NDFL certificate. Banks closely cooperate with almost all credit bureaus (CRBs), and the process of transferring data between them is fully automated.

The credit institution transmits the necessary customer identification data to all BCHs with which it cooperates. Then each bureau forms a credit history of the citizen of interest and sends it back to the bank. All this is done through special secure communication channels in a fairly short period of time (sometimes 15 minutes are enough for a complete analysis).

Information about the client's credit history is provided in the form of a table of three components. The first part is personal data. The second is complete information about existing loans with the date of registration, their amount and interest. The third is data on closed loans. According to this report, the lender analyzes the borrower for his liability for debt obligations, and the compliance of the client's quality with his scoring policy.

Verification of personal information

After filling out the questionnaire and carrying out the above checks, the bank employee needs to do two simple steps. The first is to check the compliance of the already available official information from the documents with the data provided by the client orally. The second is to make calls to the contact phone numbers indicated in the questionnaire to verify the data given by the borrower himself.

Communication with relatives or acquaintances is carried out in the form of a "question-answer". The loan officer asks any question of interest to him and checks the received answer with the data specified in the questionnaire.

It is worth remembering that any discrepancy between information from official documents or received from contact persons with personal data reduces the chances of obtaining a loan. After all, there is no point in lying to a reliable and honest borrower, even in small things.

Nowadays, the services of credit organizations are very popular. Many turn to banks for a loan. But not everyone has an ideal credit history. The problem is that everything is entered into it, even the smallest oversight of the client, like a single delay in payment. Not to mention the untimely debt repayment and other errors. And when there is another need to get a loan, problems arise. Since banks, having looked at the payment past of the client, do not risk giving him money. However, there is a way out. There are banks that do not check credit history.

B&N Bank

It should be noted that financial organizations that turn a blind eye to absolutely everything do not exist. But then there is a list of banks that are condescending to the payment past of their clients. And thanks to this, they are becoming more and more popular.

For example, B&N Bank. It is in 12th place in the all-Russian rating of banks. That is, it is included in the top 15 and occupies an important line there. The amount of his assets exceeds 1.18 trillion rubles. And over the past month, B&N Bank has increased it by 35.87%! More than 312 billion rubles in 30 days - this data is impressive.

If you urgently need money, then the best option is to issue a credit card for the required amount at B&N Bank. Employees of the organization do this as quickly as possible, they do not check the client's payment history. An urgent loan service can also be a way out of the situation. After all, the decision in this case is made as soon as possible, during which it is not possible to analyze the client's history.

"Home Credit Bank"

Listing banks, which cannot but be noted with attention and this financial organization. Why? At least because it is the leader in consumer lending in our market.

True, you will have to pay for the "closed eyes" of the bank for a bad payment history. Interest payments, of course. The worse the credit history, the higher they are. But you can look at it from the other side - by regularly depositing money as debt repayment and without delaying it, you will be able to "whiten" your payment past.

So, about the rates. If a person who is already present decides to apply for a loan in the amount of 10 to 850 thousand rubles, it will amount to 17.9% per annum. The minimum term is a year. And the maximum is 84 months. New clients are offered an amount from 30 to 500 thousand rubles at 19.9% ​​per annum. And for a period of 12 to 60 months. For example, if a person on such conditions draws up 300,000 rubles on credit for a year, then in the end he will pay 59,700 rubles as interest.

GE Money Bank

This organization should also be noted with attention, talking about banks that do not check their credit history.

The first advantage that pleases GE Money Bank is the ability to complete an online application, which is considered within 30 minutes. Of course, during this time, no one checks the payment history of their potential client. Here's what GE Money Bank offers:

• No commissions.
• The more documents are provided, the lower the interest rate will be.
• The amount is from 20 thousand rubles to a million.
• The maximum term is 5 years.
• Possibility of early repayment without commissions.

It is not surprising that this organization was included in the list of banks that turn a blind eye to the payment past. By the way, their most popular service is the provision of instant credit cards. And the name speaks for itself. In general, everyone can borrow money from GE Money Bank, which is why it is popular.

"Russian standard"

This organization also belongs to the list with the name "Banks that do not check credit history". She also offers an express loan service. The application is considered within 15-20 minutes. This time is enough for the bank to make a decision on how much to issue to its client.

The service is available to everyone. After all, in order to use it, you only need to show your passport. Better yet, an express loan can be obtained remotely through an online service. Only the age range is limited - the client must be at least 23 years old and maximum 65 years old.

The amount can vary from 3,000 to 1,000,000 rubles. The minimum term is 3 months. And the maximum is 3 years. The rate is determined on an individual basis.

Renaissance Credit Bank

It should be noted with special attention. Do banks check credit history? Such as Renaissance, no. They offer their clients a remote credit card issuance, with a limit of up to 150,000 rubles. It is only important to indicate detailed information about yourself (passport data), about your financial condition and work experience. If the representatives of the organization, in principle, are satisfied with everything, the person will receive the card on the same day. By the way, when making an online application, he can immediately indicate the branch where it will be more convenient for him to pick it up.

What about full value loans? The maximum amount of a possible loan is 500,000 rubles. The maturity is from 24 to 60 months. The rate for “hassle-free” clients is 15.9% per annum. For those whose payment history leaves much to be desired - 19.9%. I am glad that there are several types of services provided to people with financial problems. Therefore, Renaissance is consistently included in all sorts of ratings, which list banks that do not check their credit history. Moscow is the capital, and it is rich in such organizations. But Renaissance, which is headquartered there, is especially popular.

Sovcombank

It is impossible not to mention him, listing banks that do not check their credit history. The list of such organizations always includes Sovcombank.

It's all about the concept. It is the largest private bank with a universal profile. And he primarily specializes in providing financial services to those people who do not receive them. These include retirees, citizens of small settlements and, of course, clients with bad credit history. This is even stated in the description of this bank.

And, again, one of the most demanded services is express loan. A person needs only a Russian passport, compliance with the age range (up to 85 years old) and 4 months of work experience. True, you can take a small amount - from 5 to 40 thousand rubles.

Where else can you go?

There are several more organizations that you can contact. And it's worth combining them into a list:

• Tinkoff and Promsvyazbank (history is being studied, but minor delays and similar shortcomings are not taken into account).
• "Trust" (you only need a passport).
• "Prominvestbank" and "ZapsikomBank" (only income certificates are required).
• "Vostochny Express" and "Leto Bank" (loyal requirements for borrowers and a minimum of documents).
• OTP Bank. Does history check? No, he is recently on the financial market and is trying in every possible way to lure clients.
• (they provide loans of completely different sizes, but to receive a large amount, you need an official confirmation of income).

As you can see, there is a way out even for people with a bad payment history. And not just one. And which one to use - everyone will decide on an individual basis.

In many financial institutions, the procedures for checking a future credit client are similar to each other. However, each bank has its own approved rules and regulations for verification. That is why, having received a refusal in one bank, you can get approval in another. How is it checked when issuing a loan?

Checking the data specified in the questionnaire

In the client's questionnaire, all completed information is checked as a whole. The stability of the last place and the period of work at the enterprise are especially carefully checked. Residence data, if they match the registration in the passport, are usually not verified. But if a person lives at an address that differs from a residence permit, a call is always made to clarify this information and preferably from independent sources, and not by phone specified by the client.

The area of ​​the questionnaire is carefully examined, where the current or past credit history of the borrower is indicated. Very often people try to hide the fact that they have already used lending services before. This usually happens due to the client's negative credit history.

In addition to the questionnaire, information on a positive or negative credit history is contained in a credit history bureau, with most financial institutions and banks having cooperation agreements. Therefore, even if the borrower did not write this in the questionnaire, the lender will still find out about it and regard it as a negative characteristic of the client.

A phone call to a potential borrower and his environment

A phone call is a mandatory step in checking the solvency and honesty of a future credit client. Typically, phone calls are made in three directions:
- to the borrower's employer;
- to the person himself;
- to the contact person indicated in the questionnaire;
When you call to work, all the information specified in the income statement and the questionnaire is clarified at the same time. A call is made necessarily to the accounting department to confirm the amount of income and to the client's immediate supervisor to clarify the quality characteristics of a person. When you call a potential borrower, they double-check their personal data. Does the client clearly answer everything, does he confuse anything, doesn’t hesitate when naming his place of work, the name of the manager and his position, etc. the contact person in the telephone mode clarifies all the information that he possesses about the client and is checked against the questionnaire. For more confidence, you can ask for the number of another mutual friend for rechecking. Very often, when cross-cutting questions, all false information is revealed, which, in turn, adds a negative opinion about a person.

Authentication of submitted documents

The income statement of the future borrower is checked both by telephone and by databases. The surname and name of the director specified in the certificate is checked. The length of service for the organization is also subject to verification. Indeed, today many fake certificates are sold even on the Internet. The amounts in the certificate, which are identical to each other, are definitely a fake. This means that a person has never got sick or went on vacation in six months.

The passport is also checked for authenticity in the databases of lost passports and the correctness of the original is checked. The passport and the husband / wife of the potential client are checked. If sellers are involved in the transaction, their passports are also necessarily checked.

When checking documents for a mortgage loan, a legal service is involved, which verifies all the norms of laws in the submitted documents. Also, the documents for the apartment are checked in the unified register that controls the rights to real estate. Since the property can be seized and then the transaction will simply be invalid. A certificate of registered people in the living space is also subject to verification. Since it is possible to buy an apartment in which one of the owners will stay.

So, in order to form an objective opinion about the future credit client, banking specialists use all the databases and verification tools available to them. After all the verification work, the final decision on the client is made. Therefore, a positive or negative decision on a loan depends entirely on the person himself and the veracity of the information provided by him.

Before applying for a loan, the personal data of borrowers is checked. Banks are interested not only in credit history, but also in the personal life of their clients. The more information they receive, the more accurately they will calculate the risks and make a decision on the issuance of a loan.

Banks divide their customers into two groups:

1. Borrowers with minimal risk are people who took out a loan earlier and paid it off on time. Have a good credit history. Borrowers with a delay of up to 10 working days are allowed. This is considered a credit norm. The presence of an official salary and property.
2. Borrowers at risk are people who have never taken out a loan or have a bad payment history.

Analyzing the initial data, the bank decides:

• what interest rate to assign;
• minimum payment for a targeted loan;
• loan term;
• the amount that can be lent to the client.

Important! Credit managers manually process applications only for amounts over 70 thousand. In other cases, this is done by programs, according to specified algorithms.

Scoring system

This is a computer program (software) that independently checks the future client of the bank.

The program is packed with various issues related to the financial and property status of the borrower:

• whether the client has movable or immovable property;
• formal employment and general income;
• the presence of overdue debt in the creditor bank;
• the presence of a criminal record.

Credit manager at startup notes its assessment of the borrower in the program:

1. External data - dirty clothes are marked in the software menu as a negative factor that increases the risk;
2. The manner of communication is incoherent speech, inappropriate behavior.

Important! The manager's mark is the main factor influencing the verification of the borrower. At the beginning of the month, banks are recruiting clients, it is easier to get a loan. At the end, the anti-fraud system is strengthened.

Scoring is an easy way to get a small amount. The interest is overstated due to the high risks.

Banks use a scoring system to avoid paying money for inquiries to the credit bureaus (CRB). Each application for one person costs the bank several hundred rubles. Given the number of applicants, the amount is impressive.

The borrower is obliged to provide the bank with a package of documents:

• passport;
• second document of your choice (driving license, foreign passport, military ID);
• certificate from the place of work in the form of 2 or 3 personal income tax (possibly in the form of a bank);
• a copy of the work book.

The security service checks the borrower for several days.

1. They may call home or work (sometimes they don't).
2. Checking criminal records, if there is a 100% refusal.
3. They will make a request to the BKI.

If the check is passed, then the loan is assigned the "pre-approved" status. The client needs to drive up to the bank branch and sign the contract. Then get the money.

Important:

• It is necessary to bring the originals of documents to the bank;
• You need to familiarize yourself with interest and hidden fees. This can be done by carefully studying the contract;
• Voluntary insurance. In case of refusal to register, the loan will not be given;
• Borrower's permission to transfer personal data to third parties.

Checking upon obtaining a mortgage

The borrower provides an extended package of documents:

• Russian and foreign passports;
• rights;
• documents for property (if any);
• certificates from the place of work;
• cards of other banks.

The check is more serious than with a consumer loan. The amount will also be rather big. They check the place of work especially carefully, make several calls. Communicate with colleagues, accountants, bosses.

When applying for a mortgage, you need a surety. One of the spouses becomes a co-borrower. They check it in the same way as the main borrower. The bank will require a full package of documents and make inquiries on databases. Today, surety fades into the background.

Interest on a mortgage is less than for a consumer loan due to collateral.

The borrower secures the bank's risks with a pledge of his real estate. Therefore, the check is not so thorough, and with a minimum package of documents. But all the same to work, they will call. The interest rate is higher than with a target mortgage.

How a borrower is checked in an MFI

In microloans, as in ordinary banks, people are checked for debt to other creditors. This is the main criterion for issuing a loan. The only difference is that all information is sent to managers automatically, and in some cases everything is decided by a computer program.

For example, online loans are common, where money goes directly to the client's card. And everything is done within five minutes. A person simply cannot physically process such information in such a short period of time.

Consequently, the computer decides who is given money and who is not.

The pension fund is not audited if you have a simple consumer loan. In the case of a mortgage, the bank's security service will request this information from the employer when specifying your official salary.

PF contributions are the responsibility of the organization where you work. Also, taxes must be paid for you.

This kind of information, if desired, the Security Council can check to make a final decision.

What banks ask when they call work

There are a number of questions that bank employees ask when they call the borrower's work:

1. Does this person work?
2. How long does it work?
3. Formally or informally.
4. The specified salary is checked.
5. The position of the client is checked.

Usually, the SB is limited to the first question, since everyone understands that the salary of an employee can be gray and not a single manager will substitute his company for answering such questions.

Outcome

Borrower verification depends on the loan amount and collateral. Potential clients are checked by:

1. Calls to work and home.
2. Make inquiries to the BCH.
3. They use databases - "Kronus" or "Sprut".
4. They turn to the police for help, because the employees of the Security Council of banks are former employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
5. The collateral is checked - real estate, cars, antiques.

In pursuit of customers, banks turn a blind eye to many things. So if one bank refuses, the other will take the opportunity and issue the required amount, even if the client has a damaged credit history or has a criminal record.

If the borrower takes out a loan for the first time, then he is at risk for the bank, as well as defaulters. After all, the bank does not know anything about him. We recommend taking out the first loan for a small amount according to the scoring program.

A request to the bank, whether it is online or scoring, will be displayed in the BKI. Leave several applications within 2-3 days.

If you have any questions or need expert advice, describe your situation in the comments to the article, or contact the duty lawyer of the site in the form of a pop-up window. We will definitely contact you and help you.

Information updated: 31.10.

Before issuing a loan to a person, the bank must make sure that the client will return the borrowed money in full and on time. For this, credit institutions develop various rules and methods for assessing the creditworthiness of the borrower. These rules apply to all clients - both individuals and legal entities.

In this article I will talk about how banks check borrowers when issuing a loan - individuals and entrepreneurs. Knowing the general rules of verification, you will be able to estimate in advance the likelihood of approval and rejection, and, if necessary, adjust to them.

General rules for evaluating a borrower

These rules apply, regardless of the type of borrower, to both individuals and entrepreneurs. With the help of them, the bank receives a sufficient understanding of the solvency and reliability of the client. Let's consider them in more detail.

Credit history assessment

First of all, credit institutions pay attention to. It is the easiest way to determine the reliability of a potential client and the likelihood of default on debt. The bank makes a request to the CCCI to find out in which offices the borrower's CI is located, after which it starts working with these offices.

During the verification process, the organization pays attention to the following indicators:

• Number of repaid and outstanding loans
• Number and duration of delinquencies - focusing on delays of 30 days or more
• The number of loans transferred for collection to collectors and bailiffs
• The presence or absence of status, the number of insolvency declarations, the date of the last announcement
• The number of calls to the BCH - both from the borrower and from credit institutions

Also considered a negative factor. In such a situation, it is more difficult for the bank to predict the likelihood of loan repayment and assess the reliability of the client. Borrowers with no credit history may have stricter requirements than clients with a positive CI or minor impairment.

If the client repaid all loans on time, did not have delays and did not declare himself insolvent, then he will be more likely to approve a loan application. On the contrary, frequent delays, the transfer of debts to collectors and the presence of bankruptcy status indicate the low reliability of the client. loans are almost always refused.

Then the bank must review the documents that the borrower has attached to the application. Information from them will help to confirm the identity of the client and assess his reliability. Documents are also checked for authenticity and correctness of execution.

The composition of the package of documents depends on the specific offer, the requirements of the lender and the type of client. Most often, it includes a passport, a second identity document, and income documents. It may also include information about employment, solvency and status of the client. If the borrower is an entrepreneur, then the bank will require registration and constituent documents, financial statements and a tax return. If - documents for the pledged property.

The more information the client provides about himself, the better the organization will be able to evaluate him. Documents executed with errors or containing insufficient information will be rejected by the bank and will require replacement. If some information turns out to be fake, he will blacklist the unscrupulous borrower and report him to the police.

Borrower check on bases

In addition to credit history, information from other databases - state, municipal and banking - can tell about the reliability and goals of the client. The organization searches for information about the borrower on these bases, analyzes it and compares it with the application. At this stage, the following information is studied:

• Correspondence of passport data specified in the application, registration address - in the database of the migration service
• Information about registration with the IFTS, property and payment of taxes - in the databases of the tax service
• Debts not related to loans (unpaid taxes, fines, alimony) - in the database of enforcement proceedings of the FSSP
• The presence of offenses, their prescription and severity - in the bases of the police, prosecutor's office and traffic police
• The presence of convictions and the status of legal proceedings - in the databases of courts
• Violations of Law 115-FZ "On Counteracting Legalization (Laundering) of Incomes" - in the databases of Rosfinmonitoring
• Suspicions of fraud or violation of the rules for using bank services are on the blacklists of clients

When applying for a loan, the lender can in this way find out about the income, employment and marital status of the borrower.

If the facts that the organization obtains from these sources indicate unreliability, then the client may be denied a loan more likely.

Studying the borrower's income

It is important for the bank to check the client's solvency - for this it examines his income. For him, not only the size is important, but also the stability of income over the term of the loan. First of all, it takes into account official income, which is subject to income tax (for individuals and individual entrepreneurs) or income tax (for legal entities). Some lenders also take into account additional income - for example, from renting a home or from securities.

The organization also pays attention to regular obligatory expenses that can interfere with debt repayment. These include payments for utilities, child support, expenses for underage children and payments for other loans and borrowings (including car loans, mortgages and credit cards). The difference between the amount of income and the amount of expenses forms net income - a key indicator of solvency.

The main condition for assessing solvency is that the total amount of the payment cannot exceed half of the net income.

If the amount of income is not large enough, then the bank may offer to attract a co-borrower, reduce the amount or increase the term. High income does not always indicate solvency, since the real income of such a borrower can sometimes be lower than that of a client with a small salary, but low debt load.

Assessment of loan repayment

The bank will be able to approve the loan to the borrower only if it is sure of its return. Debt repayment depends on many conditions - the solvency and reliability of the borrower, the type of loan, the currency of issue, the economic situation and others. If the level of repayment is insufficient, then the organization can use various methods to ensure it:

• Pledge... This form of collateral is used most often. The collateral is liquid (which can be quickly sold) and quite valuable property of the borrower - real estate, personal transport, shares and more. If the borrower cannot repay the loan, then the lender takes his collateral and sells it. The proceeds are used to pay off the debt
• Surety... Here, part of the responsibility of the borrower is transferred to a third party. The guarantor will have to repay the loan himself if the borrower cannot do this. The guarantor can be either a private person or a legal entity. It has the same requirements as the borrower
• Guarantees... This method is usually used when applying for loans to entrepreneurs. According to the principle of operation, a guarantee is similar to a surety, but with the difference that only a legal entity can act as a guarantor, and the amount of debt is repaid in part (according to the terms of the contract) and immediately. You can learn more about guarantees

Banks can use several methods of ensuring repayment at once, if its proposals allow it. For example, besides, a surety or guarantee may be required.

If the likelihood of repayment is high enough and without collateral, then the credit company is likely to approve the application. If the organization is in doubt about the return, then it is likely to offer one of the ways to provide. Further conditions depend on the quality and sufficiency of the provision of recoverability.

Collateral verification

If the loan is issued on collateral, then it is also necessary to check the property being pledged. This stage consists of two parts:

• Assessment by a specialist... The employee must personally examine the subject of the pledge and check its compliance with the requirements. Based on the assessment, the value of the collateral is determined - the final loan amount depends on it
• Searching for information in databases... This additionally confirms the belonging of the pledged object to a person, as well as the absence of any encumbrances. The pledged property must not be seized, in the process of being sold or already registered as collateral

If the collateral does not meet the requirements, is not owned by the client or already has encumbrances, then the loan issued against it will be refused, even if the borrower has a high solvency and a positive credit history.

Underwriting and scoring

The final stage of credit risk assessment. In the process of underwriting, the bank analyzes all information about the client in aggregate, and in the process of scoring, a credit rating is calculated. Each lender has its own underwriting and scoring methods, they are trade secrets and are not disclosed.

Based on a thorough analysis and the awarded score, the company makes the final decision whether to approve the application or not. In any case, he adds information about the application and the decision on it to the credit history. The bank informs the client about the result of consideration of the application.

Approximate credit score levels and their values ​​are presented in the table:

Determination of credit quality

After issuing a loan, the bank additionally assesses the risks and amounts of financial losses due to the client's failure to fulfill his obligations. According to the assessment, the debt is assigned one of the quality categories. This classification makes it easier for the credit institution to create provisions for losses on outstanding loans.

The classification of quality categories and the procedure for their assignment are determined by the Central Bank Regulation No. 590-P of June 28, 2017. The types and parameters of the categories it sets are presented in the table:

How legal entities are checked

Lenders usually have the most stringent requirements. Loans for business are often issued for large amounts, and almost always for specific purposes. Therefore, it is especially important for a bank to make sure of the creditworthiness and reliability of a particular organization.

When evaluating companies, first of all, they pay attention to the following indicators:

• Credit history of managers and founders - considered both separately and in aggregate
• The business reputation of the company and its leaders. If a legal entity does not fulfill its obligations to counterparties, then it is more likely to be denied a loan
• The date and place of registration of the company, the period of its existence, the actual and legal address, the presence of other companies registered to the head. If the registration address turns out to be massive, and the manager is fictitious, then the loan will most likely be refused
• Financial and economic indicators - the size and dynamics of revenue, the movement of funds on accounts, taxes paid, and others. These indicators are estimated over the past 12 months.
• The number and value of assets - real estate, transport, equipment, securities, goods in circulation and others. The bank may require some assets as collateral
• Additional information that indicates the reliability of the company - the number of changes in the constituent documents and authorized capital, the presence of reorganization or liquidation, the presence of litigation (both the company and the management) and others

The requirements for a small business are usually less stringent than for a medium or large business, but most of them apply to him as well.

The process of considering an application for a loan for a business takes a long time - up to several weeks. During this period, the employees of the credit company study all the information about the company and draw conclusions about its reliability. Even seemingly insignificant factors - for example, registration at a mass address or violation of the terms of one transaction - can serve as a reason for refusal.

How individual entrepreneurs are assessed

Bank clients are considered both individuals and entrepreneurs. Specific requirements depend on the purpose of lending - for personal needs or for business development. If money is issued for consumer purposes, then the borrower is viewed from the perspective of a private client. If you need a loan for a business, more attention is paid to the financial and economic indicators of individual entrepreneurs.

In any case, the bank takes into account the following parameters:

• Credit history of individual entrepreneurs
• Duration of existence and actual conduct of activities
• The level of revenue, the amount of taxes and fees paid, net profit, the absence of wage arrears
• Business reputation, no criminal or administrative offenses
• The presence of property in the ownership of the individual entrepreneur, which could be used as collateral

For entrepreneurs who use STS, PSN or UTII, the likelihood of approval may be lower than when using OSNO.

Also, the lender will have to make sure that the individual entrepreneur will not spend a business loan for personal needs or a consumer loan for business needs. Misuse of money can threaten the bank with non-refund, and the client - with additional penalties. Therefore, during the execution of the application or after it, he may additionally require confirmation of the purpose of using the money - for example, request checks, payments or contracts with counterparties.

How individuals check

For individuals, all the basic rules for assessing creditworthiness and reliability apply. But since this category of clients is quite extensive, banks allocate additional criteria for different types of borrowers and loans. They can be used to more effectively evaluate customers and make decisions.

During the study of solvency, preference is given to those who are officially employed and are able to confirm their income with a 2-NDFL certificate, and employment - with a work book or contract. People who receive a salary or part of it "in an envelope" have a lower chance of approval of the application. To further confirm income, the bank may contact the employer or request account statements and customer cards.

When analyzing an individual, credit companies often assess the social characteristics of the borrower - marital status, the presence and age of children, position and status in society, and many others. This can be done in different ways - from calls to relatives and employers to additional interviews. Some banks study the pages of borrowers in social networks - information from them can tell a lot about the goals and reliability of the client.

Depending on the category of the borrower, additional requirements may be imposed on clients. A pensioner must confirm the fact of receiving a pension, a student must provide information about the place of study, a disabled person must submit documents and certificates of disability. A man of military age will have to confirm the completion of military service or a deferral from it - going into the army increases the risk of non-return.

Conclusion

Specific assessment methods depend primarily on the bank. The same client, under the same conditions, can get approval in one organization and rejection in another. But the general rules and principles of customer research remain the same, and with them the general requirements. If you maintain a positive credit history, have a sufficiently high official income and do not commit serious violations, then your application will be approved in any bank.

Most of these rules apply to microfinance organizations - IFC and MCC. But such companies are usually less strict with clients due to the characteristics of microloans - lower amounts and short terms. IFCs and MCCs are more likely to approve applications from those who are refused by banks, but they are also at much greater risk due to the large number of dubious borrowers.

Before issuing a loan, the bank carefully checks the borrower. He draws attention to:

• Credit history
• Borrower's documents, their authenticity and compliance
• Customer data in government databases
• Borrower's income and solvency
• Condition of the pledge or guarantor (if any)
• Other parameters (for example, goodwill or unpaid taxes)

The final decision is made during the underwriting and scoring process. Before applying for a loan, to assess the likelihood of failure, check yourself on these indicators.

Have you found the answers to all your questions in this article?