Topic: Plastic map as a tool of non-cash payments (on the example of JSC "IMPEXBANK")

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Introduction 3.

1. The benefit of the use of plastic cards as a tool 8

Non-cash payments .. 8

1.1 The emergence and development of plastic cards. eight

1.2 Essence of plastic cards. sixteen

1.3 Participants in settlements using bank cards. 23.

1.4 Features of the organization and settlements using plastic cards in the bank. 33.

1.5 Bank profits from plastic card activities. 39.

Conclusions .. 42.

2. Analysis of the effectiveness of the implementation of banking cavity products on the example of JSC "IMPEXBANK". 44.

2.1 Plastic card market in Russia. 44.

2.2. Characteristics of JSC Impectsbank. fifty

2.3 Development of retail business in IMPEXBANK OJSC. 55.

2.4. Characteristics of card payment systems of JSC "IMPEXBANK". 62.

Emissions of plastic maps of IMPEXBANK. 63.

Grand total. 63.

2.5 Analysis of operations performed using plastic cards of JSC "IMPEXBANK". 67.

Conclusions .. 73.

3. Modern card product and improvement of the mechanism of retail non-cash settlements in JSC "IMPEXBANK" 75

3.1. Improving the policy of providing services by the Bank in the field of plastic cards. 75.

3.2 Implementing a new modern card product. 83.

3.3 Contemporary mechanism of retail non-cash payments in JSC "IMPEXBANK" 90

Conclusions .. 93.

Conclusion. 95.

Introduction

The rapid development of scientific and technological progress over the past fifty years could not affect the development of banking technologies. The use of computers allowed not only to significantly reduce labor costs when making banking operations, to unify the widespread introduction of fundamentally new banking products. There are no doubt that plastic cards that have become modern means of implementing mutual settlements.

Bank plastic card is a non-cash payroll tool and a loan tool. The first cards of the modern species appeared in the United States in the early 50s. Subsequently, the card calculation system was introduced by many banks. Card calculation systems are distributed in many countries of the world, and the calculations themselves have become international.

In the context of the development of world-economic relations, the process of integrating the economies of individual states and the development of payment systems, in particular, in the direction of the development of non-cash forms of settlements, which, in turn, was widely used in the modern world. One of the tools of non-cash payments is a plastic card. In most economically developed countries, a plastic card is an integral attribute of the sphere of trade and services. Conducting operations through payment cards shows the degree of integration of the banking system and society. Suffice it to say that non-cash payment of goods and services in industrialized countries reaches 90% in the structure of all monetary operations. Economists call a plastic card "service of the century", one of the key elements of the "technological revolution in banking". Therefore, the study of the problems of using plastic cards in Russia is provided particularly relevant, and the study of world practice and the prospects for the development of the plastic card market in Russia is currently becoming concrete significance.

The process of Russia's entry into market relations, first of all, was associated with the restructuring of the banking system, the emergence of a significant number of commercial banks, financial and insurance companies, which showed interest in the use of plastic cards, whose species of the early 90s in the world there were already quite a lot. The established position in the plastic card market in our country is, of course, differs from the situation in developed countries. Absolute figures characterizing domestic services sector of plastic cards are still small compared to the indicators of Western countries. But, despite the problems, various plastic systems are discharged in the country and gains momentums, and an increasing number of people acquire cards and becomes a participant in the non-cash payment system with plastic cards.

Operations with plastic cards opened new outlook financial services and, accordingly, expanded the possibility of receiving banking profits by receiving commission charged with cards, increasing the number of customers through the provision of new type services, reducing cash efficiency service costs, etc.

The advantage associated with the introduction of plastic cards on the Russian market is obvious. For customers, it is an opportunity to have only a card with me, and not a large amount of money, which allows to reduce the risk of losing money. Cardholders are provided with benefits when receiving services in trade and service enterprises, costs are reduced during financial operations, including purchases using various currencies.

The advantages obtained from the use of plastic cards by trade and service enterprises are obvious. This is a decrease in collection costs, transportation and cashing of funds, and simplifying settlements with buyers (lack of passing and counting money by the buyer and cashier), as well as advertising of the enterprise, etc.

Certain interest represents plastic card And for large enterprises when issuing a salary to their employees.

The interest of the state in the introduction of calculations on plastic cards is also obvious: the colossal costs for collecting funds, emissions and regeneration of banknotes and coins are reduced, the accounting of money and tax collection are simplified, the payment technology without cash involvement helps reduce the criminality of the situation around enterprises and persons working with cash. And, finally, Russia lives in the world community, today I am widely using the calculation systems on plastic cards, to remain as well as the general process with the expansion of cultural, political and economic ties with other countries is almost impossible and unprofitable. The rapid distribution of bank cards is evidenced by the fact that this form of calculations is beneficial to the other participants in the system.

The choice of the topic for the graduation work was due not only to its relevance, but also personal interest in the problem under study. Since this sector of banking services in our country is quite new and not yet fully studied, a certain problem is the effective management and development of banking products based on plastic cards.

The purpose of this graduation research is to identify and substantiate effective products in the field of production and circulation of plastic cards that contribute to increasing the profitability of banking operations.

To achieve this goal, the following tasks are delivered under the work:

• conduct a critical overview of existing definitions of plastic cards and payment systems;
• show the basics of their functioning;
• analyze the main indicators of activities with plastic cards on the example of JSC "IMPEXBANK"
• identify existing tendencies of improving the mechanism of retail non-cash settlements in the field of banking services;
• identify and substantiate new products and mechanisms of retail non-cash settlements for the analyzed bank on established criteria;
• identify the optimal conditions for the implementation of the Bank's card products in the retail sector;
• develop recommendations for improving the Bank's policies in the field of card products.

The object of the study is card payment systems, the subject of the research is card products.

The methodological basis of the study includes a systematic approach, a method of logical and historical analysis, a method of analysis and synthesis, a method of comparative groups and others. To achieve objectivity and reliability of research results, these methods were used comprehensively.

The goals and objectives of the graduation research have identified the logic of the presentation and the structure of the work. Thesis consists of introduction, three sections, conclusions, the list of used sources and literature and applications. The first section is devoted to theoretical aspects of the functioning of bank cards. It presents the characteristics of plastic cards, the history of their development is shown both in the world and directly in Russia. Also, the first chapter describes in detail the calculation scheme using plastic cards, as well as participants in these calculations.

The second section is an analytical part of this appearance. In the second section, a versatile analysis of the indicators of plastic cards is provided on the example of JSC "IMPEXBANK": the indicators of the mapping of cards are analyzed, the analysis of operations performed using plastic cards is shown, and the infrastructure characteristic is given to maintain plastic cards and calculating the profitability of plastic cards on The basis of indicators of JSC "IMPEXBANK".

The third section of this work is devoted to the consideration and implementation of a new banking product (VISA SMART) in the field of card business in order to improve the efficiency of the Bank in this direction, as well as improving the mechanism of retail non-cash settlements in the field of providing services to the Bank's customers using plastic maps of IMEXBANK OJSC .

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Structure of consumers of plastic cards

Types of plastic cards.

During the development of plastic cards, different types of plastic cards differing in purpose, functional and technical characteristics.

By the calculation mechanism:

Bilateral

Multilateral

Bilateral cards There were bilateral agreements between the participants of the calculations, where the owners of the cards can use them to buy goods in closed networks controlled by the Issuer of Cards (department stores, benzocolones, etc.).

In contrast to multilateral systemswho are headed by national banking card associations, as well as companies that produce tourism and entertainment cards provide cardholders with the opportunity to buy goods on credit from various merchants and service organizations that recognize these cards as a means of means. The cards of these systems also allow you to receive cash advances, use machine guns to remove cash from a bank account, etc.

According to functional characteristics:

Credit

Debit

Cards with overdraft

Credit cards Released for solvent consumers. Their use allows them to have an automatically renewable loan without special purchase for purchases. They can also be used to obtain a cash loan in those financial institutions that are members of the relevant system. Potential owners are fairly stringent requirements for their creditworthiness. When making a decision on issuing a credit card issuance to a credit card, the Bank carefully checks and analyzes such data as the average annual income, credit history, housing conditions, occupation, marital status, availability of a bank account, etc.

The emission of credit cards allows banks to enter a new level of development, with small levels of operating costs, attracting new client groups:

having gave one time the card, the bank is not necessary to have an extensive network of classical institutions, since the loan obtaining the client involves the use of it in a trading and service enterprise or receiving cash in an ATM;

replenishment of the card and, accordingly, repayment of the loan can also occur through ATMs or other self-service terminals equipped with a cash receiving module, as well as non-cash transfer to the bank account;

processing card operations is more automated than classical loans, which also makes it easier for the bank to carry out these operations, having the cost of operations.

Debit card The most common in our country by virtue of a number of objective economic reasons. It is also called a cash card or asset card. Debit card, as well as credit, has the name of the owner as a customer of a certain financial institution on the magnetic strip.

The debit card is used to pay for goods and services, receiving cash in ATMs. This card allows you to manage funds only within the available balance on the deposit account, to which it is tied. The debit card feature is mainly lies in the replacement of paper money in circulation and implement cashless payments to their own funds of the client. Unlike credit cards and cards with permanent overdraft, it is impossible to lending to bank money on debit cards.

Cards with permitted overdraft - This is a natural continuation of the development of debit cards, we can say that this is their improved option. Many of the cards that allow clients to receive cash on credit are debit cards with a permitted overdraft, they are called banks for marketing purposes. Of course, the generally accepted name "Credit Card" is more easily to perception than the bank term "Map with a permitted overdraft". The word "overdraft" may not be familiar to many potential customers who simply will not understand what this service is. Credit card - a simpler name, what is a loan, you know almost everything. Overdraft - a loan obtained by checking the check or payment order for an amount exceeding the balance of funds on the score. Overdraft loan is negotiated when the account is opened and cannot exceed the fixed amount. The rights and obligations of the parties related to the account lending are determined by the Rules on the loan and credit, if another (Article 850 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) is not provided for by the Bank Account agreement.

From the client's point of view, the permitted overdraft card is a payment card that allows payments, both by means of a card holder placed on a bank account and due to the loan provided by the Bank in case of lack of funds on the account. Credit Card Holder is provided only if payments are made with its use and lack of funds on the client's account for payment. This is a map of two functionals: the client's account and the credit limit of the bank submitted by the Client. In the case of sufficiency of funds on the score, the card operations are made at the expense of the customer's funds, as soon as the client funds ceases to have enough, the bank begins to lend a client to the amount of the established credit limit.

The card can be used as debit, paying out its own means, thereby saving on credit percent. In connection with this feature, many clients prefer a card with a permanent overdraft classical credit card, although in fact the conditions and the other card can vary greatly from the bank to the bank, and losses on alone rates are compensated by the benefits of others.

The provision of overdraft can vary greatly, but you can select two main approaches used by banks.

The first is the provision of overdraft for a short time (1-2 months), after which the client must fully repay the debt. After full repayment, the client is again available a credit limit in full, thus, for the pressed period, the overdraft is fully repayment and the possibility of new. In case of overdraft failry, the Bank begins to charge elevated or penalty interest. Such an approach was distributed within the framework of salary projects in connection with the convenience of repaying the debt of the borrower, which should not be attended by the bank, the transfer of wages automatically repulses debt on the map. Naturally, such an overdraft is usually a small amount and cannot be larger than the average monthly salary of the borrower, otherwise the amount of the wage listed simply will not be able to repay the debt in full. As part of such conditions, the banks establish or a fixed number of each month (for example, up to the 10th day of each month) or the number of days from the occurrence of debt. Both approaches to deadlines have their advantages and cons, a fixed number means the concentration of client appeals for one day, on this day in the bank there is a surveillance of customers, there are queues, which leads to a deterioration in the quality of service. The approach with a certain amount of debt is more complicated to track the client, which may simply forget when he used the map within the overdraft. Using the latest approach, the bank of course distributes customer visits to more or less evenly for a month, but at the same time the bank must establish the operational notification of each client about the need to repay overdraft a few days before the expiration of the valid debt.

The second approach to the provision of overdraft is the provision of overdraft for a significant amount and for a long time. In this case, the client must make a minimum amount established by the Bank with the Bank to repay overdraft and interest for its use. Of course, no one forbids the client and fully repay overdraft during the first month, but there is an opportunity to build a repayment period or simply constantly make minimal amounts to repay, bringing income to the bank. Such an overdraft is very close under conditions to credit cards.

By material from which they are made:

Paper (cardboard);

Plastic;

Metal.

Currently, plastic cards received almost widespread. However, for identifying the holder (owner), paper (cardboard) cards, sealed or pressed into plastic films are often used. These are laminated cards.

Lamination is a fairly simple, cheap and easily accessible procedure, and therefore, if the card is used for calculations, then with the aim of increasing the protection against counterfeit, the more perfect and complex manufacturing technology of plastic cards is used.

Unlike metal cards, plastic is easily amenable to heat treatment and pressure (embossing), which is very important for the personalization of the card before issuing it to the client.

By the method of recording information on the map:

Graphic recording;

Embosyment;

Barcode;

Coding on the mogrant strip;

Laser recording (optical maps).

The worst and simple form of information recording on the card was and remains a graphic image. It is still used in all maps, including the most technologically sophisticated. First, the name of the card holder and information about its issuer was applied to the card.

Later on universal bank cards, a sample of the signature was provided, and the name and name were embossed (mechanically squeezed).

Embosyment made it possible to make much faster to make a payment card operation, making an impression on her slim. Information, embossed on the map, is instantly transferred through the copy paper on the slip. In order to combat fraud, slips and without a copy layer can be used, but the method of transferring to the emblems on the information card remained the same - mechanical pressure.

Embossing has not supplanted a fully graphic image. Moreover, with the advent of systems based on paperless technology, the card number and the name of the holder began to be applied to the card with a graphically with personalizants.

Barcode. Record information on the card using barcoding was used before the invention of the magnetic strip and did not receive in payment systems. However, cards with barcodes similar to those that are applied to goods are quite popular in special card programs where calculations are not required. This is due to the relatively low cost of such cards and reading equipment. At the same time, for better protection, the bar codes are covered with an opaque layer for the naked eye and read in infrared light.

The invention in the late 60s of the automatic apparatuses of cash issuance made a revolution and in the card business. In order for such an apparatus to use card holders, on the opposite side of the card began to stick a strip from a magnetic film.

On the magnetic lane of bank cards, the card number, its validity period and the card holder pin is written in the encoded form.

Magnetic recording is one of the most common ways to apply information to plastic cards. But after 15-20 years, it became clear that the magnetic strip no longer ensures the necessary level of information protection from fraud and fakes. Then experts began to look for a more reliable way to write information. They were chip (from the English CHIP - crystal with an integrated circuit) or a microcircuit. Cards with chip are also very often called smart cards.

Despite the obvious advantages, chip cards have so far have had limited use. The reason is simple - such a card is an order of magnitude more expensive than a card with a magnetic strip. Only in recent years, when the damage from magnetic maps fraud in international payment systems has become frighteningly high and continues to grow, it was decided to gradually transition to chip cards.

Not all chip cards, strictly speaking, are chip, that is, they have a microprocessor. Specialists subdivide them into two types: cards with memory and actually microprocessor cards. Memory cards are one-time (once recording / multiple read) and allowing multiple overwriting. In this case, the amount of memory significantly exceeds the card with a magnetic strip and, moreover, it is much better to protect recorded information.

In the overwhelming majority of bank cards, including Russian-based chip cards, it is "protected memory", as giving the best price / security ratio.

Fundamentally other possibilities are opened by real microprocessor cards, as they have their internal logic and, in fact, are a microcomputer.

In 1981, J.Drexler was invented optical card. Recording and reading information from such a card is made by special equipment using a laser. The main advantage of such cards is the possibility of storing large amounts of information. Such cards are already used for pocket "disease stories", but in the banking technologies of distribution has not yet been received due to the high cost of both the cards themselves and the reading equipment.

Gorbachev Daria Nikolaevna

In the context of the development of world-economic relations, the process of integrating the economies of individual states and the development of payment systems, in particular, in the direction of the development of non-cash forms of settlements, which, in turn, was widely used in the modern world. One of the tools of non-cash payments is a plastic card. In most economically developed countries, a plastic card is an integral attribute of the sphere of trade and services

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Municipal budgetary educational institution

secondary school №3

with an in-depth study of individual items of the urban district of Samara

Research on the topic:

"Plastic cards as a modern payment instrument"

Section: Payment Services and Tools

Performed: student 7 "g" class

Gorbachev Daria Nikolaevna

Scientific adviser:

Herked hope Alexandrovna

Samara, 2017.

Introduction

In the context of the development of world-economic relations, the process of integrating the economies of individual states and the development of payment systems, in particular, in the direction of the development of non-cash forms of settlements, which, in turn, was widely used in the modern world. One of the tools of non-cash payments is a plastic card. In most economically developed countries, a plastic card is an integral attribute of the sphere of trade and services.

Purpose of work: examine plastic cards and operations on them.

Tasks:

• learn what a plastic card is needed,
• advantages of plastic cards,
• types of plastic cards.

Object of study: Bank card.

Research methods:

1) Theoretical analysis of sources and literature.

2) Description.

Practical significance:it can be applied to lectures on social science and in financial literacy lessons.

Hypothesis: if plastic cards are convenient in circulation, then it will be replaced with them soon.

Bank plastic card - a universal payment instrument that is the key to access to bank account management and allowing its owner to pay for goods and services in various trading and service enterprises. Today, bank cards are a key element of electronic banking systems, more and more actively displacing familiar checkbooks and cash. Suffice it to say that non-cash payment of goods and services in industrialized countries reaches 90% in the structure of all monetary operations.

1. Plastic cards as a modern payment instrument

Payment cards are bank card products. Plastic card in the world has long been turned into a major tool not only a banking system, but also everyday life.

"Plastic money" or "plastic cards" - a wide concept that includes credit, calculated, deposit and many other cards. In addition to the above, plastic cards are used as business cards, club cards, customer customer client cards. All these cards are made of plastic - from here and their name.

Obviously, the transition to civilized money circulation in Russia involves the transformation of plastic cards into a generally accepted tool of human vital activity.

The advantages associated with the use of plastic cards on the Russian market are obvious. This is primarily a decrease in the risk of losing money, eliminating the risk of traditional forms of theft, benefits upon receipt of services in trade and service enterprises, reducing costs when conducting financial transactions, including purchases using various currencies, since conversion is made on stock exchange, and Not at the storefront. The advantages obtained from the use of plastic cards by trade and service enterprises are obvious: a decrease in collection costs, transportation and cashing, simplification of settlements with customers. The issuance of cash on the presentation of the plastic card is interpreted as a cash advance payment, therefore the bank providing such a service is in this definition "trading by the money organization".

Plastic card in the world has long been turned into a major tool not only a banking system, but also everyday life.

1. The history of the emergence and development of plastic cards

Plastic money (plastic cards) have a long history. The first cards appeared in America. The United States is known to the country with a very common consumer loan system. Back in 1914, large stores have become credit cards here to their customers. In 1928, the first precursor of plastic cards was invented - a metal label on which the name and address of the client was crushed. They were issued by the Boston company "Farrington Manufacturing" and issued only to creditworthy customers. The seller put such a record into a special device, the so-called imprinter, and rolled, the letters that were extruded on it were imprinted on a trading check.

Later, such elements of the financial and credit scheme were invented, as a monthly debt repayment, with a period of deferred (interest-free loan) and much more. In 1936, the first association of enterprises agreed to lend to general customers. Specific success fell to the share of the restaurant credit card "Dinners Club" ("Dining Club"). Permanent visitors to restaurants who have a good reputation could get a "DC" card and present it in many New York restaurants instead of cash. Restaurants have passed copies of accounts in "DC", which monthly exhibited the client with a common account. The client paid from "DC", and the one with restaurants.

A number of major American banks, appreciating the success of the discoverers, released their credit cards, which could be used not only in restaurants, but also elsewhere. So the payment systems began to form: the bank released the card and opened the score to the client; On the territory of the country and abroad, a whole chain of shops, bars, restaurants, hotels, etc. were created, where they took the card issued by the Issuer Bank, the center was equipped with the maintenance (processing) of plastic cards. BANK OF AMERICA known to the whole world of plastic money were pioneers in mastering the plastic money market; Master Card; American Express; Visa International. American Express's first card was released on October 1, 1958, and in just one year later she had more than 4,75,000 private card holders and about 32 thousand enterprises.

1.2 Types of plastic cards

Plastic card is a plate of standard sizes (85.6 mm, 53.9 mm, 0.76 mm) made of special, resistant mechanical and thermal effects, plastics. The main function of the plastic card is to ensure that the identification of its person uses as a subject of the payment system.

All plastic cards are divided depending on the scope of application.

1. discount cards

Discount cards - plastic card used by enterprises to organize a system of discounts, bonuses, additional services (for the "client binding" to the outlet).

To date, the most common type of plastic cards are discount. The number of discount cards issued in Russia and in circulation is calculated by hundreds of thousands, they produce bars, restaurants, discos, sports clubs, household service stores, tourist agencies Medical and health facilities, hotels, advertising agencies, telephone and insurance companies, gas stations . There are whole discount systems that combine the chain of trading and service enterprises. Each system of discount cards is focused on its consumer. The owner, the card saves money through obtaining all sorts of discounts and benefits, receive privileged service in a wide network of respectable firms. And for enterprises producing discount cards, increase the number of customers.

1. Payment Cards: Credit and Debit

The absence of a regulatory and legal determination of the concept of a payment card and caused by this improper interpretation of this term led to the fact that in the banking market of Russia for a long time all types of payment cards were called credit. Moreover, such an understanding of the payment card was present not only on the household level, but also appeared in almost all issued regulations. Only in recent years, bank cards in the documents began to be fairly referred to.

Debit ( the estimated) bank card allows you to perform operations within the funds available on the score. That is, the cardholder can only use eigenvalue. The bank can set the level of an unsigned residue - some amount, upon reaching which the client cannot perform operations until the account balance is replenished. Also, in the conditions of the bank, interest accrual for the balance of funds may be agreed. The debit card serves mainly as a replacement of paper money, and also allows you to make payments on the Internet. Most cards manufactured in Russia are debit.

The credit card is designed to perform operations for borrowed funds. In its properties, a credit card is almost also that credit. The main difference lies in the fact that the tools can be used as needed, and the interest is accrued only to the amount that was actually used.

1. Check warranty card

A special check guarantee card (Check Guarantee Card) was released as a guarantee of the check. It is issued by the Bank, where the client's account is open, and is used to avoid receipt from the unscrupulous client of an unsecured check or check with a fake signature. The appearance of such cards is associated with the wide distribution of one of the forms of the check loan, which is based on the presence of a regular current account in one or another. The check warranty card provides for automatic loan provision at the time of the exhaustion of the residue on the check account. With such a system, checks are received by payment to a certain specified limit, which can be from 100 to $ 500, and sometimes more. On warranty cards, there are usually identification number, the term of their action and the Customer Signature. The use of a check warranty card has its drawbacks, to the number of which includes the presence of a daily limit - the maximum payment amount guaranteed by the card.

1. Microprocessor cards

Microprocessor cards (chip cards, smart cards) - bank cards equipped with a microprocessor. Traditionally, many years of cards manufactured by Russian banks were equipped with a magnetic strip, but several years ago, some credit organizations began to emit and cards with microprocessors. The principal difference between the chip and the magnetic strip is the level of security that the smart card gives its own owner. Experts note that fraudulent operations on maps with chip are almost impossible. In addition, the chip is not so subject to mechanical damage, as a magnetic strip, and this increases the validity of the bank card. They discover fundamentally new opportunities because they have their internal logic and are actually microcomputers. A specialized operating system is embedded in the map, providing a large set of service operations and security tools.

Despite the obvious advantages, the smart cards still had limited use for the reason that such a card is an order of magnitude more expensive than a card with a magnetic strip. Only in recent years, when the damage from magnetic maps fraud in international payment systems has become frighteningly high and continues to grow, the banks decided to gradually transition to smart cards.

1. Foreign experience of using payment cards

The entire civilized banking world has long been using a convenient system of non-cash payments with clients using special payment cards. To date, this system has won universal recognition. The number of types of cards and the spectrum of services provided for them. International Financial Associations as Visa In-Termentational, American Express, Europay International provide card holders to almost any service in any service area. Cards are very convenient in circulation. Using the Card, the client can pay for the purchase without cash, and if the credit card, then without having money in the bank account.

Currently, the International Interbank Information Transmission System and the payment of SWIFT payments is claimed for the role of the leader in the field of non-cash settlements. Among the high-tech world electronic systems of interbank calculations, Fedwire can also be distinguished by Fedwire - Network of the US Federal Reserve System, the New York International Payment System of CHIPS Chambers, London Automatic CHAPS Chamber System, the Japanese system of interbank non-cash translation Zengin.

1. Calculations using payment cards

A solid place in the payment systems of many countries occupied technology based on the use of payment cards. The speed and availability of this type of calculation stimulated the growth of consumer spending, which, in turn, kept the US economy from a deep recession in 2001 and contributed to its recovery in subsequent years.

Currently, there are several major associations of bank payment cards in the world. They develop common rules that are required for all participants in the system, carry out analysis of operations, accumulate resources to implement the latest technologies and creating giant communications for the rapid and reliable exchange of financial information.

The global payment card market today is distributed among the main issuers as follows: Visa International - more than 50%, MasterCard International - 30%, American Express - 18%, Diners Club, JCB, etc. - less than 2%.

In Europe, more than 300 million cards are in circulation. On average, one adult resident of Europe accounts for 1.1 cards. However, in terms of the prevalence of maps in Europe, significant differentiation is observed. Most of them in the UK - almost 2 cards for each adult. In Turkey, Ireland and Greece, the potential growth of the number of card numbers is still great: here at one age of an adult resident accounts for less than 0.5 cards. However, in recent years, this figure in Europe was noticeably aligned.

1. Implementation of innovation

The economy of developed countries is currently transferred to the innovative type of development, which affected the technologies of non-cash settlements. The essence of innovative changes in this area can be reduced to the following:

- "multichannel activities" with a combination of new and traditional technologies and tools;

Self-service;

Remote maintenance;

Use of the Internet (virtual banking and financial technology management banking);

Creating phone centers;

Providing new banking products (services) on the basis of new technologies.

In many developed countries, more and more operations are carried out by customers without visiting the Bank. In France, for example, about 300 thousand customers have direct connection with the bank. In the US, all major banks offer their customers service at home. The creation of self-service areas allows dramatically to reduce the load on the specialists of the Bank's operating room and, accordingly, reduce the number of performers. Fully automated branches are created, which are a room equipped with special banking equipment. They can be located in residential buildings, on the territory of shops, industrial facilities, train stations, etc. and provide services in automatic mode 24 hours a day.

1. Call-centers

Historically, a system of remote banking service appeared using a telephone connection. The ability to carry out operations through the telephone system is one of the first to offer its customers North Carolina National Bank, for which a large call center was created. In 1990, the daily number of appeals to the system amounted to about 200 thousand. At the moment, more than 80% of companies use call-centers in their work.

The bank creates its own call center, if intends to solve constant tasks with it. But if a small loading of the center is planned, one-time or periodic tasks are solved and, most importantly, there is no money, time and specialists to create your own call-center, then these tasks are delegated to the outsourcing call center. Banks often use a combined approach, in which servicing legal entities and VIP clients performs its own call-center, and less complex tasks are delegated to the outsourcing call center.

1. Calculations via the Internet

The next stage of the development of banking technologies in the field of non-cash settlements is the so-called electronic banking - was passed very quickly. Internet banking came to his place. His introduction to banking practices predetermined the use of new means of communication. First of all, this is the Internet and mobile phone networks that have significantly expanded customers' capabilities, because to implement their interaction with the bank, ordinary HTML and WAP browsers are required, which are installed in almost every modern laptop or mobile phone. As a result of the possibility of paying bills through Online Banking, the volume of monthly Internet payments can grow up to several billion dollars.

There are results of a study on the use of electronic payments by residents of large cities. The most popular payment reported was online banking "Sberbank", it enjoys 72% of respondents. In second place, the Yandex.Money service belonging to the bank, 35% of respondents are used. Next, the list goes WebMoney (market share of 30%), PayPal (30%) and QIWI Wallet (28%).

On average, 62% of respondents enjoy electronic wallets in Russia at least once a year. Most of the wallets users among residents of the South (67%) and the Far East (69%). In other regions, this figure coincides with the average country or is quite insignificant: in Moscow - 63%, in the Urals and in St. Petersburg - 62%, in Siberia and Volga region - 61% and 60%, respectively.

Most often, people pay online for services, without which it is difficult to do: a cellular connection is paid 77% of users. 66% of respondents pay online for purchases in online stores, and 60% pay for LCK. More than half of Internet users - 59% - send online money transfers, and 37% buy tickets for concerts, movies and theaters. The following in popularity of the Internet payments category: Traffic police and taxes - 34%, train tickets and aircraft - 33%, loans - 31%, various online content - 23%, online games - 19%.

1. Maintenance of "Mobile" customers

One of the latest innovations in the field of remote banking services is a mobile payment system that turns cordless phones in mobile commerce wallets. It was developed by the European Union of Mobey Forum (a group of financial institutions and manufacturers of cell phones). This makes it possible to carry out payments at a distance. However, recently there is some outflow of customers from Internet banks. It turned out that their main advantage - virtuality - is both the main disadvantage. Among the main reasons forcing virtual banks, customers call the impossibility of direct contact with bank employees and the absence of an individual approach. However, everything can change when computers will be used in conjunction with the video telephone, the ability to classify the document and identify a magnetic map.

1. Characteristics and trends in the development of the Russian payment card market.

The development of the Russian payment card market is one of the most important factors when achieving goals to reduce cash settlements and the development of non-cash settlements in the field of retail payments. Throughout 2016, the payment market of Russia as a whole continues to demonstrate a slow but steady growth. Sberbank produced more than 140 million plastic cards, that is, almost every adult resident of Russia has a Sberbank card.

Seven of the ten adult Russians in the first half of 2016 owned bank cards. Rosindex study showed that the proportion of bank card owners among Russians over 18 years old, living in cities with a population of over 100 thousand people, is now 72%. This is 9 percentage points more than in the first half of 2015, and at 12 pp. More than in early 2014.

Plastic holders are more commonly distinguished by the presence of higher education or a scientific degree, are less interested in watching TV, more often sit on the Internet and prefer smartphones when it comes to telephone communication.

So, 41% of bank card holders said that they enjoy this product more than two times a week. A third of the surveyed cardholders use them two to four times a month, another 16% takes this payment tool from the wallet no more than once a month.

At the same time, the proportion of those who have no bank plastic card is significantly reduced (from 40% in the first half of 2014 to 28% now).

Among those owners who fear for the preservation of funds on "plastic", about half (43%) believe that the card can easily steal and remove money from it. Their share is not accepted in recent years.

In addition, now finally less than half of Russians can be attributed to the adherents of cash payment of goods and services. In the first half of 2016, 48% of respondents noticed that they were accustomed to pay for cash. It should be noted that two years ago there were 55% of such accustomed.

Important fact: 16% of card holders use them exclusively for cash withdrawal. In the first six months of this year, 78% of Russians who have cards cashed money from them. For comparison: in early 2014, this indicator was 91%.

The second in popularity of the operation is the payment of mobile communications (every second owner of "plastic" takes this opportunity). Products in offline store with cards pay 38% of respondents, and online - 13%, - said in the study. Despite the high penetration of bank cards, only a part of the population considers them as a convenient financial instrument, for most cards remain in the main way of receiving cash.

Conclusion

The rapid spread of bank credit cards is a visual evidence that this form of calculations is beneficial to the main categories of the system participants.

Card management allowed banks to overcome spatial restrictions on attracting and maintaining clientele.

Review and literature analysis allows you to draw the following conclusions:

• plastic cards are successfully promoted on traditional and new financial services markets;
• the growth rates of payments using plastic cards suggest that the non-cash form of calculations acquires a dominant nature;
• domestic systems are developing at high rates and according to the same internal laws as international systems.

Attachment 1

Appendix 2.

Appendix 3.

Appendix 4.

Appendix 5.

Appendix 6.

Appendix 7.

Bibliography

1. Bibliographic description: Ivleva G. I., Silence V. N. Analysis of the banking cards of Russia // Young scientist. - 2013. - №12. - P. 309-311.

2. About banks and banking activities (with changes and additions) FZ dated 02.12.1990 No. 395-1 [Electronic resource]: Ref. Legal system guarantor. - 1 electron. disc (CD-ROM); Windows 98 / IU / NT4 / 2000 / XP.

3. Andreev A.A., Morozov A.G., Ravkin D.A. Plastic cards in Russia - ed. "BANKTSENTR", Moscow, 2008.

4. Belikov V., Bystrov L., Nevzhin V. "Electronic Money" - Skan-Tek JSC, Moscow, 2007.

5. Lavrushushin O.I. Banking - M.: Finance and Statistics, 2006, 574c.

6. Lipis A., Marshall T. Electronic Monetary Settlement System - Finance and Statistics, Moscow, 2008.

7. Tavasieva A.M. Banking: Management and Technologies - M.: Uniti-Dana, 2007.-863 p.

8. Information and analytical material of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. Overview of the Russian payment card market for 20016): [electronic document]. http://www.cbr.ru/today/Besp/Analytics/survey_cc_09.pdf.

9. Types of plastic cards: [electronic document]. http://www.mircard.ru/vidy_plastikovykh_kart-18.htm.

The most promising and receiving the increasing development becomes the form of electronic calculations through payment cards and electronic money. The strategy for the development of the payment system in the near future is implemented in two directions:

Reducing cash in circulation by introducing payment card calculations;

Transition to the electronic remote service system of banking clients.

Currently, plastic cards are a tool that are now modern, accessible to public and has recently more and more often with what we are accustomed to call money in cash and cashless form. They are closest to cash, already fairly established and familiar to users. O.I. Lavrushin in their works is considering the basic concepts and principles of using plastic cards as a modern payment instrument in the international and Russian markets.

The mechanism of operation of the electronic calculation system is based on the use of plastic cards and includes operations carried out using ATMs, electronic population calculation systems in commercial organizations, customer service systems at home and in the workplace.

Plastic card is a generalizing term that summarizes all types of cards, various as an intended purpose, a set of services provided with their help, and according to their technical capabilities and organizations producing them. In the process of forming an electronic cash settlement system in the West, ISO was created (International Standarts Organization), which developed certain standards for the appearance of plastic cards; the procedure for numbering (education) of accounts; Magnetic strip format; The format of the message sent to the owner of the card about its operations.

In 2015, within the framework of the National Payment System (NPS), the subjects of high-tech payment services and products contributing to the increased availability of payment services continued to improve the level of availability of payment services, the expansion of non-cash settlements.

The number and amount of non-cash payments of customers of credit institutions (individuals and legal entities who are not credit institutions) and credit organizations in part of their own operations increased in 2015 by 23.6 and 0.4%, respectively, and at the end of 2015 amounted to 15.5 billion payments in the amount of 548.2 trillion rubles, including payments of individuals, increased by 27.8% in terms of quantity and by 11.9% by volume. The key factor in solving the tasks of the formation of an innovative model for the development of cash settlements and ensuring the availability of payment services for the population is the development of remote payment services, the main tool of which is currently payment cards. The number of payment cards issued by Russian credit institutions at the beginning of 2016 amounted to 243.9 million (7.1% increase). In 2015, 13.1 billion transactions in the amount of 41.5 trillion rubles were completed with their use on the territory of the Russian Federation and abroad (an increase of 29.7 and 14.9%, respectively). In the total number of operations using payment cards, the share of non-cash payments increased compared with 2014 by 7.3 percentage points and reached 74.7%, in a total volume - by 6.1 percentage points, up to 39.5%. Most of them accounted for the payment of goods and services (92.2 and 55.3%, respectively). On average, daily payment card holders made 24.8 million payments related to the payment of goods and services, in the amount of 24.8 billion rubles (an increase of 1.4 times in quantity and 1.3 times in volume). The growth rate of non-cash operations using payment cards significantly exceeded the growth rates of cash withdrawal operations (43.9% against 0.4% in terms of quantity and 36.0% against 4.3% by volume). In 2015, infrastructure for receiving payment cards in trade and services organizations was dynamically developed. For the year, 104 credit organizations were carried out in the Russian Federation for the year in the Russian Federation as operators of electronic money (EMC). The composition of EDC operators for the reporting year has changed slightly. The number of emissions of the electronic means of payment (ESP) for the translation of the EMO consisted of about 318 million units, with their use during the year 1.2 billion operations were committed in the amount of 909.7 billion rubles1. The share of non-personalized ESPs was 87.2%, the operations with their use accounted for 87.1% by quantity and 60.9% by volume. The proportion of operations with personalized ESPs was 12.6 and 36.7%, respectively, the proportion of corporate ESPs was a minor electronic terminals and imprinters increased by 14.3%, up to 1.5 million devices, while the proportion of electronic devices was 99.4 %. At the same time, due to the reduction in the number of current credit institutions and the closure of regional projects of individual banks, the number of ATMs, most of which are also intended to carry out non-cash operations, decreased by 6.9%, to 207.4 thousand devices.

G L A V A I. Theoretical foundations of the study

And using plastic cards.

1.1. The concept of a plastic card, its essence, role and place in the modern monetary circulation system.

1.2. Classification of plastic cards and mechanisms of their use.

1.3. Economic aspects of the use of plastic cards.

1.4. The evolution of plastic cards on the example of international payment systems.

G L A C A II. Plastic card market in Russia.

2.1. Stages of formation of a plastic card market in Russia.

2.2. Characteristics of the current state of the plastic card market in Russia.

Chapter III. Market development prospects

Plastic cards in Russia.

3.1. Problems of development of the plastic card market in Russia.

3.2. Prospects for the development and improvement of the plastic card market in Russia.

Recommended list of dissertations

• Cashless settlement systems using payment cards: World Experience and Russia 2004, Candidate of Economic Sciences Krylova, Olga Vladimirovna

• Economic conditions for the use of plastic cards in the system of non-cash settlements and lending in the Russian Federation 1999, Candidate of Economic Sciences Cherednichenko, Oleg Valerevich

• Bank plastic cards as a stage of evolution of electronic money 2006, Candidate of Economic Sciences Vasiliev, Dmitry Yuryevich

• Plastic cards as a tool of international payment systems 2003, Candidate of Economic Sciences Kosovo, Julia Vladimirovna

• Improving the efficiency of banking non-cash settlement systems: on the example of plastic cards 2008, Candidate of Economic Sciences Kostyuchenko, Alesya Sergeevna

The dissertation (part of the author's abstract) on the topic "Plastic card as a tool of non-cash payments in Russia"

Similar dissertation works specialty "Finance, money circulation and credit", 08.00.10 CIFR WAK

• Organizational and economic mechanism for the development of bank card products market 2008, Candidate of Economic Sciences Rodionov, Igor Vladimirovich

• Development of bank payment cards in financial globalization 2007, Candidate of Economic Sciences Kohanova, Victoria Sergeevna

• Development of a system of circulation of bank plastic cards in Russia 2006, Candidate of Economic Sciences Kuznetsova, Anastasia Vladimirovna

• Formation of an effective regional payment system and the development of new forms of remote customer service 2005, Candidate of Economic Sciences Golovko, Andrey Stepanovich

• Electronic payment systems in retail settlements 2003, Candidate of Economic Sciences Shangin, Andrei Aleksandrovich

Conclusion of dissertation on the topic "Finance, money circulation and credit", long, Mikhail Sergeevich

References dissertation research candidate of Economic Sciences Dolgikh, Mikhail Sergeevich, 2004

Please note the scientific texts presented above are posted for familiarization and obtained by recognizing the original texts of theses (OCR). In this connection, they may contain errors associated with the imperfection of recognition algorithms. In PDF the dissertation and the author's abstracts that we deliver such errors.