Accounting / 18.10.2021

What kind of money turnover should the subjects have? Cash: cash turnover

Cash circulation is a process of continuous movement of cash in the sphere of circulation and their performance of the functions of a means of payment and a medium of circulation.

Cash flow is organized on the basis of the following principles:

1) all businesses must keep cash, with the exception of the established limit, in commercial banks;

2) banks set limits on the balance of cash for businesses;

3) the circulation of cash serves as an object of forecast planning;

4) money circulation is managed in a centralized manner;

5) the organization of cash circulation is aimed at ensuring the stability, elasticity and economy of money circulation;

6) enterprises can receive cash only in the banks serving them.

The procedure for the implementation of cash circulation on the territory of the Russian Federation is regulated by the Regulations "On the rules for organizing cash circulation in the territory of the Russian Federation". According to him:

1) cash circulation is carried out using various types of money;

2) the emission and withdrawal of money from circulation is carried out by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation;

3) the Central Bank regulates cash circulation in the Russian Federation;

4) cash settlements between legal entities are carried out in a non-cash manner, and in some cases cash settlement is allowed within the established framework;

5) for legal entities set a limit on the balance of cash at the cash desks;

6) legal entities are obliged to hand over all funds in excess of the limits to the institutions of the bank.

Cash turnover starts at the RCC. Cash is transferred from reserve funds to circulating cash desks. From revolving cash desks, cash is sent to the operating cash desks of commercial banks, most of the cash is issued by the bank to clients - legal entities and individuals. Most of the cash of enterprises is transferred to the population in the form of various types of cash income.

The population also uses cash for mutual settlements, but most of it is spent on paying taxes, rent and utility bills, repaying loans, purchasing goods and paying for various services, rent payments, paying fines, etc.

The money goes either to the operating cash desks of commercial banks, or to the cash desks of enterprises. For each business, limits are set on the balance of cash in their cash desks, and all amounts exceeding the limit must be returned to a commercial bank. For commercial banks, limits are also set for their circulating cash desks, therefore, in an amount exceeding the limit, they donate cash to the RCC. The latter also sets a limit for their circulating cash desks, so money in an amount exceeding the limit is transferred to reserve funds.

19. Cashless money circulation and the principles of its organization.

Cashless turnover- this is the amount of payments for a certain period of time, made without the use of cash by transferring funds to customers' accounts with credit institutions or mutual settlements. This turnover makes up a significant part of the country's money turnover. Non-cash money turnover finds expression in non-cash payments. Cashless payments are of great economic importance in accelerating the turnover of funds, reducing cash in circulation, and reducing distribution costs.

Cashless payments in the economy are organized according to a certain system, which is understood as a set of principles for organizing non-cash payments, the requirements for their organization, determined by the specific conditions of management, as well as the forms and methods of payments and the workflow associated with them.

Principles of organizing settlements: 1. Settlements are carried out on bank accounts that are opened to clients for storing and transferring funds. 2. Payments from accounts must be made by banks at the order of their owners in the order of the established sequence of payments and the limits of the account balance. 3. Freedom of choice by market entities of the forms of non-cash payments and their consolidation in business contracts, provided that banks do not interfere in contractual relations. 4. The principle of urgency and payment means making settlements strictly based on the terms provided for in economic, credit, insurance contracts, instructions of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, etc. 5. The principle of security of payment is closely related to the previous one and assumes, in order to comply with the urgency of payment, that the payer or his guarantor have liquid funds that can be used to pay off obligations to the recipient of funds.

INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………… ..… ..3

1. Economic content of cash flow …………… .. …… ..6

2. Organization of cash flow ……………………………… ..… .... 8

3. Monetary systems, their forms and development ……………………………… .. …… 9

CONCLUSION …………………………………………………………… ..… ..14

LIST OF USED LITERATURE ……………………………… ... 16

INTRODUCTION

Changing the form of value (goods for money, money for goods), money is in constant motion between three main subjects: individuals, legal entities and government agencies. The movement of money in the performance of their functions in cash and non-cash forms is money circulation.

The social division of labor and the development of commodity production are the objective basis of money circulation. The formation of national and world markets under capitalism gave a new impetus to the further expansion of money circulation.

The beginning of the movement of money is preceded by their concentration in the subjects. They are concentrated in the wallets of the population, in the cash desks of legal entities, in accounts with credit institutions, in the state treasury. For the movement of money to arise, it is necessary for one of the two parties to have a need for money. The demand for money arises in the implementation of transactions, money is needed for circulation, payments for goods and services.

Monetary circulation is a rather complex structure that combines both the main essential characteristics of money and the mechanisms, ways of using money to promote the economic and social development of the country.

Money circulation is divided into two areas: cash and non-cash. There is a close and mutual dependence between cash and non-cash circulation: money constantly moves from one sphere of circulation to another, I form cash banknotes for a deposit in a bank, and vice versa. Receipt of non-cash funds to bank accounts is an indispensable condition for issuing money. Therefore, non-cash and cash turnover together form a single money turnover of the country, in which single money of the same name circulates.

With the improvement of payment and settlement relations, the ratio between cash and non-cash spheres of monetary circulation also changed. Until the end of the 19th century, cash payments prevailed. In modern conditions, the share of cash, especially in industrialized countries, is small, for example, in the United States it is 8%.

The topic of my test is “Cash flow, its organization. Monetary system ". When writing my work, it was very interesting for me to familiarize myself with monetary systems, cash circulation, and money circulation in general in more detail.

Cash circulation includes the movement of the entire cash supply for a certain period of time between the population and legal entities, between individuals, between legal entities, between the population and government bodies, between legal entities and government bodies.

Cash flow is carried out using various types of money: banknotes, metal coins, paper money (treasury notes). The emission of cash is carried out by the central bank (usually a state bank). He issues cash into circulation and withdraws it when it becomes unusable, and also replaces the money with new samples of bills and coins.

Cash is used:

· For the circulation of goods and services;

· For settlements not directly related to the movement of goods and services, namely: settlements for the payment of wages, bonuses, benefits; on the payment of insurance claims under insurance contracts; when paying for securities and paying income on them; on payments of the population for utilities, etc.

The historically established and legislatively fixed structure of monetary circulation in the country is the monetary system.

It is customary to classify the monetary systems of individual states according to various key criteria: by the type of money as a form of means of payment, by the role of the state in regulating monetary circulation, etc.

Depending on the type of money, there are two types of monetary systems:

· Metal circulation systems;

· Systems of paper-credit circulation.

Monetary systems of metallic circulation are based on metallic money (gold, silver), which perform all the functions inherent in money as a universal equivalent, and banknotes circulating simultaneously with metallic money can be exchanged for metallic money at any time.

Monetary systems of paper-credit circulation are based on the dominance of paper or credit money.

More details about monetary systems and cash circulation will be considered below.

1. ECONOMIC CONTENT OF CASH AND CASH

TURNOVER

Cash turnover is a continuous process of movement of cash, which are represented by banknotes, treasury bills, metal change coins. Despite the fact that cash flow in all countries, both with market and administrative models of the economy, is a smaller part, it is of great importance. It is this turnover that serves to receive and spend most of the monetary income of the population. It is in the cash-money turnover that the constantly repeating circulation of cash is formed (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1. Cash flow diagram (on the example of Russia)

It can be seen from the diagram that cash and money turnover begins in the settlement and cash centers of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. Cash is transferred from their reserve funds to circulating cash desks, thereby entering circulation. From the circulating cash desks of the RCC, cash is sent to the operating cash desks of commercial banks. Part of this money serves interbank settlements, part is sent as loans to other banks, but most of the cash is issued to customers - legal entities and individuals (either to the cash desks of enterprises and organizations, or directly to the population) served in this commercial bank.

Part of the cash held in the cash desks of enterprises and organizations is used for settlements between them, but most of it is transferred to the population in the form of various types of cash income (wages, pensions and benefits, scholarships, insurance claims, dividend payments, proceeds from the sale of securities, etc. etc.)

The population also uses cash for mutual settlements, but most of it is spent on paying taxes, fees, insurance payments, rent and utility bills, repaying loans, buying goods and paying for various paid services, buying securities, rent payments, paying fines, penalties, etc. penalties, etc.

Thus, money goes either directly to the operating cash desks of commercial banks, or to the cash desks of enterprises and organizations (primarily trade enterprises and enterprises providing services to the population).

In accordance with the current procedure for organizing cash circulation, limits for the balance of money in their cash desks are set for each enterprise, and money in excess of the limit must be surrendered to the commercial bank serving this enterprise. Commercial banks also set limits on their operating cash desks, therefore, in an amount exceeding the limit, they donate cash to the RCC. The latter also sets a limit for their circulating cash registers, so money in an amount exceeding the limit is transferred to reserve funds, that is, withdrawn from circulation.

2. ORGANIZATION OF CASH TURNOVER

Cash flow is organized by the state in the form of a central bank. For this, the central bank systematically publishes a document called the "Procedure for the introduction of cash transactions in the national economy." The last time this document was published in Russia was in September 1993.

Cash flow is organized on the basis of the following principles:

· All businesses and organizations must keep cash (except for the part set by the limit) in commercial banks;

· Banks set limits on the balance of cash for enterprises of all forms of ownership;

· The circulation of cash serves as an object of forecast planning;

· Management of money circulation is carried out in a centralized manner;

· The organization of cash circulation is aimed at ensuring the stability, elasticity and economy of money circulation;

· Enterprises can receive cash only in the banks serving them.

3. MONETARY SYSTEMS, THEIR FORMS AND DEVELOPMENT

With the strengthening of state power and the formation of markets in the 16th - 17th centuries, objective prerequisites for state regulation of money circulation arose in Europe. Each state in the legislative order began to determine the forms of monetary circulation in the country, its monetary system. When adopting laws regulating the organization of monetary circulation, the state took into account the historically established traditions, political and economic conditions in the country.

Historical experience shows that the stability and elasticity of the monetary system depends on what kind of money is in circulation. There are two types of monetary systems:

metal circulation system when the money product (noble goods) performs all the functions of money;

paper credit system when credit or paper money irredeemable for gold and silver is in circulation;

The stability or stability of the monetary system means the relative constancy of the value of the money supply.

The elasticity of the monetary system is the ability of monetary circulation to expand or contract in accordance with the needs of economic turnover in money.

In metal circulation, two types of monetary systems are distinguished: bimetallism and monometallism.

At bimetallism the role of the universal equivalent in the legislative order was simultaneously assigned to both gold and silver. Coins from these metals were freely minted and circulated on an equal basis.

There were three types of bimetallism:

1. The system of a parallel currency, when the ratio between gold and silver coins is spontaneously established in the market;

2. The system of double currency, when the ratio between gold and silver coins was established by the state depending on various factors (demand for metals, economic and political situation in the country, etc.);

3. The system of "lame" currency, in which gold and silver coins served as legal tender, but the minting of silver coins was carried out in a closed manner and was limited, in contrast to the free minting of gold coins. That is, gold is more freely circulating than silver money.

Bimetallism was widespread in the 16th-17th centuries, and in a number of Western European countries in the 19th century.

The bimetallic system was inconsistent and unstable. The presence of two measures of value (in gold and silver terms) hindered the development of market relations. In addition, the government's fixed value ratios between gold and silver did not match their market value. As a result of the cheapening of silver production at the end of the 19th century and its depreciation, gold coins began to go out of circulation as a treasure.

The development of a commodity economy required stable money, a single universal equivalent, so bimetallism gave way to monometallism.

With monometallism one metal acted as a universal equivalent: either gold or silver.

For example, in tsarist Russia, the system of silver monometallism was introduced as a result of the monetary reform of 1839-1843. The silver ruble became the monetary unit. For the first time, gold monometallism (standard) as a type of monetary system took shape in Great Britain at the end of the 18th century. and was legislated in 1816. In most other states, it was introduced in the last third of the 19th century.

There are three types of gold monometallism:

· Gold coin standard;

· Gold bullion standard;

· Gold exchange standard.

The most stable and elastic monetary system was the system gold coin standard... This standard is characterized by the following main features:

· In the internal circulation of the country there is a full-fledged gold coin, gold performs all the functions of money;

· Allowed free minting of gold coins for individuals (usually at the country's mint);

· Defective money in circulation (banknotes, metal change coins) can be freely and unlimitedly exchanged for gold;

· Free export and import of gold and foreign currency and the functioning of free gold markets are allowed.

A stable monetary system stimulated the development of credit relations, foreign economic relations, the full implementation of the laws of a market economy, and, consequently, high rates of growth of social production.

At gold bullion standard there are no gold coins in circulation and their free minting. Banknotes, like other defective money, are exchanged only for gold bars. Free movement of gold from one country to another was prohibited

Gold exchange (gold and foreign exchange) standard- there are also no circulation of gold coins and free minting. Banknotes are exchanged for mottos, i.e. for foreign currency exchangeable for gold. The important role of the gold exchange standard was that it consolidated the currency dependence of some countries on others, which was the basis for the subsequent creation of a system of international currency treaties and systems of currency regulation.

The production of gold and silver in the world is limited, which constrained the increase in the money supply, and, consequently, the development of commodity production. The contradiction between the amount of monetary goods and the market's need for money was resolved by issuing tokens of the value of high-grade money into circulation: credit and paper.

In the process of evolution of monetary systems, the costs of monetary circulation are constantly reduced, and cost savings are ensured. The explanation is very simple. Expensive, heavy, inconvenient to store and long-term transportation of gold and silver money were replaced by light, portable tokens of value - paper money. Printing paper money and putting it into circulation is certainly less costly than mining precious metals and processing them for money circulation.

The emergence of the next type of money - credit, contributed to even greater cost savings. A bill, check and other forms of credit money made it possible to save banknotes, since they could be issued for significant amounts of money, the need to carry cash with them disappeared. The emergence of credit cards and a system of electronic non-cash settlements made it possible to promptly and independently of the territorial removal of clients to service cash settlements, significantly reduce the costs of ensuring cash flow.

All paper credit systems are united by the following common properties:

1. There is a crowding out of gold from internal and external money turnover. Gold, still serving as a treasure, accumulates in the gold reserves of banks.

2. The state undertakes to regulate monetary circulation.

3. Issue of cash and non-cash banknotes on the basis of credit operations of banks.

4. Development of non-cash money turnover and reduction of cash turnover.

Monetary systems based on paper and credit money differ significantly in command and market economies.

The main, most characteristic features of the administrative-command monetary system are the following: concentration of money circulation in a single state bank; legislative differentiation of money turnover into non-cash and cash turnover; the obligation to keep the funds of enterprises in accounts with a state bank; the state bank is a monopolist in attracting savings from the population, etc.

The main features of the monetary system characteristic of a market economy are: decentralization of money circulation between different banks; division of the issue function between different parts of the banking system of non-cash (issue is carried out by commercial banks in different forms of ownership) and cash (issue is carried out by central state banks) banknotes; close relationship of non-cash and cash turnover with the priority of non-cash turnover, etc.

CONCLUSION

Cash circulation is a continuous process of cash flow, designed to serve the receipt and expenditure of cash incomes of the population. Cash circulation is organized on the basis of the following principles: all enterprises and organizations must keep cash in commercial banks; banks set limits on the balance of cash for enterprises of all forms of ownership; the circulation of cash serves as an object of forecast planning; money circulation is managed in a centralized manner; the organization of cash circulation is aimed at ensuring the stability, elasticity and economy of money circulation; enterprises can receive cash only in the banks serving them. Cash flow is organized by the state represented by the central bank.

The monetary system is a historically and legally established structure of monetary circulation in the country. Monetary systems are being improved, reflecting the economic level of development of society. Depending on the type of money, they are distinguished: monetary systems based on metallic money, and systems of paper-credit circulation.

Historically metallic money systems were represented by bimetallism and monometallism. Bimetallism is a monetary system in which the state legislates the role of a universal equivalent for two metals - gold and silver. Monometallism is a monetary system in which one monetary metal is a universal equivalent, while other value signs (banknotes, treasury notes, bargaining chips), if necessary, can be exchanged for a monetary metal.

Gold monometallism existed in the form of gold coin, gold bullion and gold exchange standards.

Currently existing paper-credit monetary systems characterized by the displacement of gold from the internal and external circulation. Gold, still playing the function of a treasure, is accumulated in the gold reserves of banks.

LIST OF USED LITERATURE

1. Money circulation and banks: Textbook / Ed. G.N.Beloglazova, G.V. Tolokontseva.- Moscow: Finance and statistics, 2001.- 272 p.

2. Money, credit, banks: Textbook / Ed. OI Lavrushina. - 2nd ed., Revised. and additional - M .: Finance and statistics, 2003. - 464 p.

3. General theory of money and credit: Textbook for universities / Ed. prof. EF Zhukova. - 2nd ed., Revised. and additional - M.: UNITI, 2000. - 359 p.

4. Sviridov O.Yu., Money, credit, banks. Series "Textbooks, teaching aids" .- Rostov-on-Don: "Phoenix", 2001.- 448 p.

5. Finance. Money turnover. Credit: Textbook for universities / L.A. Drobozina, L.P. Okunev, L.D. Androsov and others / Ed. prof. L.A. Drobozina.- M .: Finance, UNITI, 1999.- 479 p.

Send an application indicating the topic right now to find out about the possibility of getting a consultation.

An increasing number of people in Russia use bank cards in stores to purchase necessary goods. However, cash is still relevant. The older generation often distrusts banks and is skeptical about cards. Electronic banknotes also cannot be used to pay in the market, where you can buy fresh vegetables, fruits, meat and other farm products, and in small kiosks. Today we will consider the features of the use of cash and its turnover.

Cash and its use

In countries with developed economies, the share of payments with bank cards exceeds 90%. Cash is not very common here. Only 1% of the US population does not receive a salary on a bank card, 5% - Canada, 10% - Great Britain. In Russia, the sphere of cash and cash circulation is quite extensive. After market reforms, it reached 25%, but today it exceeds 40%. Cash currency is used in the following areas:

Calculations of the population of the Russian Federation in retail stores, cafes and restaurants.
Remuneration for labor in many commercial firms.
Depositing money by the population on deposits and receiving funds from the bank.
Payment of pensions, scholarships and other transfers.
Issuance of loans to individuals.
Payment of dividends on securities to the population.
Repayment of utility bills by individuals.

The turnover of cash between organizations and enterprises is negligible. There are several types of money that participate in the circuit:

Banknotes.
Metal coins.

They are usually issued by central banks, sometimes also by the treasury.

Definition of the concept

Cash turnover is a collection of payments for a certain time, which reflect the movement of banknotes and coins as a means of circulation and payment. Today its share in Russia is over 40%. Cash may become more used for the following reasons:

In conditions of various kinds of crises.
When the calculations are slowed down.
In conditions of poor organization of the interbank market.
With a deliberate underestimation of profits by enterprises to avoid taxes.

The expansion of cash flow leads to a decrease in the budget, an increase in the share of the black market. This results in general instability and scarcity. The turnover on bank accounts is much easier to regulate and record.

Basic principles

The Civil Code of the Russian Federation clearly regulates the rules for the circulation of cash. It establishes a different settlement procedure for individuals and legal entities. Cash on hand at the enterprise is limited. Its turnover is organized on the basis of the following principles:

All businesses are required to keep cash in commercial bank accounts.
For organizations of all forms of ownership, there are cash limits.
The turnover management is carried out centrally.
It is also an object of forecasting and planning.
The organization of cash circulation is carried out in order to ensure its stability, efficiency and elasticity.
The cash currency is delivered to the cash desk of the enterprise directly from the bank serving it.

Economic tasks

Cash circulation is carried out continuously. In its center are banks. Cash limits are set in order to speed up the circulation of cash. In the course of organizing the turnover, the following tasks are solved:

Determination of its volume, structure and trends.
Regulation and direction of cash flows.
Distribution of cash across the country.
Determination of the mass of money in the form of banknotes and coins in the country for calculating monetary aggregates.
Establishment of the level and order of collection and other methods of raising funds by banks.
Calculation of the issue result for a certain period.

Banks make a forecast of cash receipts and disbursements. It is done on the basis of incoming information for the past.

Cash flow

Banks are the central link in the turnover. It is they who organize and regulate it. Money comes into circulation when it is transferred from reserves to circulating funds. After that, they end up in commercial banks. Most of the cash received is issued to customers. Some of its share remains in the cash desks of enterprises. The population pays for goods and services in cash. So they return to the cash desks of enterprises, then to commercial banks and higher on the list.

Cash handling procedure

The procedure for conducting transactions at the cash desk is regulated by the Bank of Russia. It establishes the rules and the order in which they are carried out. After the payment is made in cash, the money ends up in the cash desk of the company. This means that they are returned to circulation. The legislation provides for the following types of liability for violation of cash discipline:

For settlements with other enterprises in excess of the established amounts. A double fine is expected.
For non-receipt of cash. A threefold fine is expected.
For non-observance of the order of storage of funds. A threefold fine is expected.
For accumulating cash in excess of the established limit. A threefold fine is expected.

The head of the organization is also responsible for the violation. He is subject to an additional fine of fifty times the established minimum wage. Therefore, cash on hand is subject to strict controls. The amounts of fines are subject to transfer to the federal budget.

Control bodies

Tax inspectors carry out a check of cash discipline. In addition to cash documents, they can also request the device itself. The inspection procedure is set out in the special administrative regulations of the Federal Tax Service. Employees of the latter have the right:

Get access to the cash register of the company where the check is carried out.
Recalculate available cash.
Check the availability of strict reporting forms.
Request detailed explanations in writing for each violation that has been identified.
Bring to administrative responsibility the enterprise that is the object of control.

Cash collection

Delivery of money from banks to enterprises and back is carried out by special teams. The composition of the group of collectors depends on the volume and complexity of the operation. One of them is appointed chief. He receives a special power of attorney to receive valuables. If the team consists of two people, then the driver is appointed as the senior. Before the arrival of the collectors, cash at the cash desk is recalculated, the declared amount, banknotes and / or coins are prepared.

Forecasting and assessment of the state of turnover

The stability of the economy depends on proper planning. Central and commercial banks are forecasting cash flow. They try to calculate the needs of economic turnover in future periods. This is the main task of banks. The turnover forecast, compiled for the quarter, is transmitted to the cash settlement center 14 days before its start. The latter transmits information to the Bank of Russia. He forms on its basis his monetary policy. So the Central Bank can take into account all the structural changes that are taking place in the economy.

The share of circulation of banknotes and coins is much less than non-cash, especially in developed countries. It grows during economic shocks. The stability of the national economy depends on the precise organization of cash circulation. It is mainly associated with the sphere of personal consumption. Commercial banks set limits on the amount of money that can be kept in the cash desk of an enterprise. Cash in circulation has a direct impact on the sustainable purchasing power of the population.

Legal regulation of money circulation in the Russian Federation is carried out on the basis of the CRF, Federal Law, acts of the President of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, the Federal Customs Service, international agreements and treaties of the Russian Federation.

The monetary unit in the Russian Federation is the ruble (Article 75 of the KRF). The introduction and issue of other money in the Russian Federation is not allowed. Protecting and ensuring the stability of the ruble is the main function of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, which it performs independently of other bodies.

The regulation of monetary circulation can be influenced by the State Duma, the Federation Council and the Government of the Russian Federation, which is entrusted with the implementation of a single financial, credit and monetary policy (Article 114 of the KRF).

Money circulation (cash circulation)- cash turnover - a part of monetary turnover equal to the sum of all cash payments made in cash (banknotes and coins) for a certain period of time, reflecting the movement of cash as a medium of circulation and a means of payment.

The issue of money is enshrined as the exclusive prerogative of the Bank of Russia (KRF and the Federal Law "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)") - Russian rubles are banknotes.

Emission- the issue of money, leading to an increase in the money supply. If the Central Bank of the Russian Federation through its institutions issues new banknotes in exchange for old ones, this is the emission of cash (issuing cash banknotes or coins into circulation instead of old ones or withdrawing cash within the limits of credit balances on accounts of credit institutions with the Bank of Russia). If the Central Bank of the Russian Federation issues cash in the manner prescribed by law, within the limits of credit balances on customer accounts, this can increase the amount of cash in circulation (but such an operation leads to an equivalent decrease in the credit balance on the account of the corresponding client (non-cash money) - the money supply is not changes.

Withdrawal of money from circulation is carried out upon the delivery of cash by credit institutions to the institutions of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

The Board of Directors of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation makes a decision on issuance of new banknotes and coins, on the withdrawal of old ones, approves the denominations and samples of new banknotes. The Central Bank of the Russian Federation is entrusted with the function of forecasting changes in the indicators of the money supply (quantitative indicators of cash and non-cash monetary forms).

Exchange. Banknotes and coins of the Bank of Russia cannot be declared invalid (invalidated as legal tender), unless a sufficiently long period of their exchange for banknotes and coins of a new sample is established (Articles 31-34 of the Federal Law "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)". Any restrictions on the amounts or subjects of exchange are not allowed When exchanging banknotes and coins of the Bank of Russia for banknotes of a new type, the period for withdrawing banknotes and coins from circulation cannot be less than 1 year, but not more than 5 years.

The Bank of Russia exchanges worn and damaged banknotes without restriction. The Board of Directors of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation makes a decision on the issue of new banknotes and coins and the withdrawal of old ones, approves the denominations and samples of new banknotes. The description of the new banknotes is published in the media. The decision on these issues is sent to the Government of the Russian Federation in the order of preliminary information.

The main payments prevailing among cash payments:

1) settlements of the population with trade and service enterprises, public catering;

2) wages paid to employees, payment of other monetary income and compensation;

3) depositing money by the population to accounts with credit institutions and (or) withdrawing cash from accounts;

4) payment of pensions, allowances, scholarships, insurance payments;

5) the issuance of loans by credit institutions to the population;

6) payment for securities to individuals and payment of income on them;

7) payments of individuals for utilities and other services;

8) payment of taxes to the budget by individuals, payment of fines.

Settlements with the participation of individuals, not related to their entrepreneurial activities, are made in cash without restrictions or in non-cash form (Article 861 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). Other payments must be made by bank transfer.

Organization of money circulation entrusted to the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, the principles of organizing monetary circulation are set out in the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On additional measures to restrict cash circulation" (the corresponding norms are set out in the Regulation of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation "On the rules for organizing cash circulation in the Russian Federation".

Ticket number 25

Federal Treasury: concept, tasks, functions, powers.

Federal Treasury of the Russian Federation (FC RF):

Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation "On the Federal Treasury" dated 01.12.2004

FC (Treasury of Russia)- the federal executive body (federal service), exercising, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, law enforcement functions for enforcement of fed. budget, cash services for the execution of budgets of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation, preliminary and current control over the conduct of operations with the funds of the fed. budget by the main administrators, administrators and recipients of fed funds. budget.

The FC of the Russian Federation is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. Its Tasks and Functions:

· Keeps records of transactions on cash execution fed. budget;

· Opens accounts in the Central Bank and credit institutions for accounting of funds of the fed. budget and other funds; establishes the regimes for the accounts of the federal budget;

· Opens and maintains personal accounts of the main administrators, administrators and recipients of federal budget funds;

· Maintains a consolidated register of the main administrators, administrators and recipients of Fed funds. budget;

· Keeps records of indicators of the consolidated budget list fed. budget, limits of budgetary commitments and their changes;

· Draws up and submits to the Ministry of Finance operational information and reporting on the implementation of the fed. budget, reporting on the execution of the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation;

· Carries out the distribution of income from the payment of fed. taxes and fees between the budgets of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation;

· Carries out preliminary and current control over the conduct of operations with the funds of the Fed. budget;

· Ensures timely and complete consideration of citizens' appeals, making decisions on them and sending responses to applicants;

Powers of the RF FC:

· To request and receive, in the prescribed manner, information necessary for making decisions on issues of the established field of activity;

· To provide legal entities and individuals with explanations on issues related to the established field of activity;

· Organize the conduct of the necessary examinations, analyzes and assessments, as well as scientific research in the established field of activity;

· Create, reorganize and liquidate the territorial bodies of the FC in agreement with the Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation;

· Apply the measures of a restrictive, preventive and preventive nature provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, aimed at preventing and (or) suppressing violations of legal entities. by persons and citizens of mandatory requirements in the established field of activity, as well as measures to eliminate the consequences of these violations;

Treasury bodies are legal entities, endowed with special legal personality for participation in civil circulation.

The Federal Treasury is subordinate to the Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation, who, in accordance with the Regulations on the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, manages the activities of the Federal Treasury. Treasury bodies are subordinate to the head of the Main Directorate of the Federal Treasury of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation.

Treasury bodies interact with government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the process of crediting income and mutual settlements between budgets. The Federal Treasury informs the legislative and executive bodies of state power of the Russian Federation on the results of the execution of the federal budget. Treasury bodies exercise control functions in cooperation with executive authorities, tax, law enforcement agencies and credit institutions. In certain cases, the Treasury authorities bring claims to the court and to the arbitration court.

In the sphere of circulation and their performance of the functions of a means of payment and a means of circulation. This is a part of the money turnover, equal to the sum of all payments made in cash over a certain period of time, this is the process of continuous circulation of cash currency (banknotes, treasury notes, bargaining chips). This turnover serves to receive and spend most of the population's monetary income. In Russian reality, cash also serves most of the economic ties of legal entities, especially private entrepreneurs.

Cash is used:

for the implementation of the circulation of goods and services;
for settlements on the payment of wages and payments equivalent to it;
to pay for securities and pay income on them;
for payments of the population for utilities.

Cash circulation in the Russian Federation is organized by the state represented by the Central Bank.

Acceptance and delivery of cash is carried out cash settlement centers at the territorial head offices of the Bank of Russia, which form a revolving cash desk for this purpose, as well as reserve funds. Reserve funds banknotes and coins represent a stock of unissued banknotes to regulate cash resources.

Cash is issued into circulation by the Bank of Russia on the basis of an issue permit - a document that gives the Bank of Russia the right to back up the revolving cash desk at the expense of reserve funds of banknotes and coins. This document is issued by the Board of the Bank of Russia within the limits of the emission directive, i.e. e. the maximum issue of money into circulation, established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

An important role in the stabilization of monetary circulation in Russia was played by the Regulation "On the Rules for Organization of Cash Circulation in the Territory of the Russian Federation" approved by the Bank of Russia, which is mandatory for the territorial branches of the Bank of Russia, cash settlement centers, credit institutions and their branches, including institutions of the Savings Bank RF, as well as organizations, enterprises and institutions on the territory of the Russian Federation.

Basic principles of organizing cash circulation in the Russian Federation are as follows:

all enterprises and organizations must keep cash in commercial banks (except for the amount of the limit set by the servicing bank);
banks set limits on the balance of cash for enterprises of all forms of ownership;
in excess of the limit, cash can be stored at enterprises for the issuance of funds for wages, payments of a social nature for no more than three days;
the circulation of cash serves as an object of forecast planning;
money circulation is managed in a centralized manner;
the organization of cash circulation is aimed at ensuring the stability, elasticity and economy of money circulation.

The territorial offices of the Bank of Russia control the work of bank institutions in organizing cash turnover, compliance by enterprises with the procedure for conducting cash transactions and work with cash in accordance with the above Regulation.

How to refuse the "World" card: step-by-step instructions

Why bankers are against the "Mir" card

What kind of money turnover should the subjects have? Cash: cash turnover