2.2 Gross regional product by subjects of the Russian Federation

Gross regional product (GRP) represents the newly created value of goods and services produced in the region, and is defined as the difference between output and intermediate consumption.

GRP per capita is a key indicator of socio-economic development.

Let's consider the structure of the gross regional product by constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Table 2.5

Gross regional product of the Russian Federation for 2000-2007 Source of statistics: http://www.gks.ru/bgd/free/b01_19/IssWWW.exe/Stg/d000/vrp98-07.htm

To visualize the structure of Russia's GRP, let's present the ratio of gross regional product by region as a percentage.

Table 2.6

Structure of the total GRP of Russian districts for 2000 - 2007

The table shows that the dynamics of the GRP ratio by region has been maintained for several years.

The largest part is occupied by the Central Federal District (31-36%), then the Volga (16-18%) and Ural (15-17%) federal districts play a significant role in the production of GRP. From 10-12% of the gross regional product is produced by the North-Western and Siberian Federal Districts. 7-8% falls on the share of the Southern Federal District and about 4-5% of the total GRP is produced by the Far Eastern Federal District.

This distribution of gross regional product production is determined by the distance from federal cities, natural and climatic conditions, borders with other regions and countries, the presence natural resources, infrastructure of districts, production capacities and workload of enterprises in a particular territory, the volume of investments made in the region also plays a great role.

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01.07.2008

Weak regions lag behind economic development they won’t catch up with the strong ones tenfold and without competent government policy, says Finance magazine, which published the third ranking Russian regions in terms of the product produced in them per capita.

Ahead of all is the Tyumen region with $43.5 thousand, which approximately corresponds to the per capita GDP of the USA, Ireland or Cyprus. But even having caught up with America, the Russian region still has something to strive for. The United States just rounds out the top ten countries with the largest GDP per capita. For Qatar and Luxembourg, this figure exceeds $75 thousand.

Following the Tyumen region with a lag of $20 thousand is Moscow. In terms of economic productivity, it is close to South Korea, Israel and Saudi Arabia. It is interesting that the gap between Tyumen and the capital, although it remains very large, has decreased somewhat recently: in last year’s ranking it was more than double. This is not surprising: the Moscow economy is last years grows much faster.

Production in the oil and gas sector has not been particularly impressive for a long time. In 2006, the production of fuel and energy minerals increased by only 2.5%, in 2007 – by 1.9%. Another thing is the manufacturing industry, trade, financial and other services in which Moscow specializes. Taking this into account, it is likely that in the future the capital will continue to catch up with the Tyumen region in the ranking of the Finance magazine.

Changing places

The position of the Vologda region has noticeably worsened, dropping from third place to eighth. This is explained primarily by the relatively slow growth of its nominal GRP in 2006 (by 9%). Five regions that were ahead of the Vologda region increased by 25–35%. The Sakhalin region and Krasnoyarsk region, which allowed these subjects of the Federation to take fourth and fifth place in the ranking, respectively. If in 2005 their GRP was approximately equal to the GDP of Malaysia and Mexico, then in 2006 they already surpassed Chile.

The Sverdlovsk and Orenburg regions demonstrated good results. The latter was in 30th place at the end of 2005 and did not exceed Panama in terms of development. In the new ranking, its number is 17, and its international “analog” is Bulgaria. Bashkiria took the same level, moving up 7 lines. As for the Sverdlovsk region, it rose from 22nd place straight to 13th and is now breathing down the back of the Leningrad region.

The Moscow region has also advanced very well in the ranking: from 31st place to 24th. The proximity to the capital affects it in two ways. On the one hand, proximity to a large market and better infrastructure than in other regions stimulate the influx of investment into the Moscow region. The result is high GRP dynamics. On the other hand, Moscow is absorbing labor resources: great amount residents of the Moscow region create GRP not at home, but in the capital.

In the south it's like in Africa

Factors providing the economic growth in recent years, high prices for raw materials, rapid growth domestic demand, the development of urban agglomerations - were such that the benefits from these processes were distributed very unevenly. Therefore, despite local breakthroughs, the contrasts in regional development remain depressing.

The GRP indicator of the Tyumen region is still 32 times higher than that of the outsider - Ingushetia. The subjects of the Federation representing the south of Russia are economically at the level weak states third world countries such as Honduras, the Philippines and Bolivia. And Chechnya and Ingushetia, which close the ranking, are comparable to the poor countries of the African continent.

More than a quarter of Russian regions with total number The population of almost 26 million people is inferior in terms of economic development to Albania, which is poor by European standards. Even those who find themselves in the middle of the ranking (and these are the Krasnodar Territory, Kaluga, Kursk regions, etc., which are not weak by Russian standards), are inferior to countries such as Thailand and Tunisia. True, recent trends in regional development a little reassuring. In particular, the economy of some regions of the Russian south in 2006 grew significantly faster than in Russia as a whole and in Central Russia. federal district. On the other hand, acceleration has almost no effect Far East(except for the Sakhalin region).

Data about nominal volumes gross regional product (GRP) per capita is published annually by Rosstat (the latest publication is for 2006).

To make the indicators comparable, Finance adjusted them to take into account differences in price levels in different regions. For this purpose, we used data published by Rosstat on the cost of a fixed basket of goods and services in the constituent entities of the federation at the end of the reporting year (for the Chechen Republic, instead of the missing figure for December 2005, the January 2006 figure was taken). The values ​​of the basket value for Russia as a whole were used as basic indicators.

To compare with the GDP of foreign countries, ruble GRP was recalculated into US dollars. Parity was taken into account purchasing power(PPP) of Russian and American currencies: it, unlike exchange rate, reflects the difference in price levels in the two countries. Source of information about teaching staff and GDP of countries according to PPP - the IMF database, which, in turn, relies on World Bank statistics.

When comparing the latest rating with last year’s (“Finance” No. 27, 2007), a strange, at first glance, thing immediately catches the eye. The per capita dollar GRP indicators of most regions have decreased. For example, last year we estimated its volume in the leader of the rating - the Tyumen region - at $49 thousand, but this year it turned out to be only $43.5 thousand. Upon closer examination, it turns out that during the year there was no decrease in Tyumen GRP, since the 2005 figure was revised downwards - to $42.5 thousand. Why? It's all about revising the source data that was used to prepare the rating. First, since last year's Finance publication, the World Bank has adjusted its purchasing power parity figures. Secondly, Rosstat updated GRP statistics for 2005. Accordingly, the indicators on which the ranking for that year was based have been updated. This did not significantly affect the placement.

Svetlana Smolnyakova

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Gross Domestic Product - GDP - popular economic value. With its help, the volume of material wealth created in the country during the year is measured. There is one more parameter - GRP - gross regional product. It can be calculated for each region separately. This allows you to compare different subjects of the Federation. Today we will study it in more detail.
---
GRP is calculated slowly. Data for 2017 is not yet available. Therefore, we will use figures for the year 2016. First, let’s look at which subjects of the Federation are the largest in terms of this indicator.


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Moscow is in the lead. Its share in the structure of all-Russian GRP is 21% .


The number is big. It is interesting to look at it carefully under a microscope. Rosstat provides this opportunity. Here is the structure of Moscow's GRP.


An insignificant share of Agriculture, zero on mining. By the way, the fact that many enterprises operate in the regions but are registered in Moscow does not affect the calculation of the regional product. Only goods produced or services provided are taken into account. If mining is not carried out in Moscow, then there is nothing to count. Therefore, we see a zero indicator here.
But what Moscow has great is trade and real estate. They collectively account for more than half of the GRP. It was they who gave such an impressive result.


Moscow is of enormous commercial importance for the whole of Russia. There a large number of wholesale warehouses and markets. Moscow conducts active trade with all subjects of the Federation. There is a large flow of goods through it. They are sold both wholesale and retail. As for real estate, everything is clear here. Firstly, it is expensive, and secondly, it is in high demand. Therefore, the housing market and office premises gave a significant increase to the total piggy bank.


Well, the Moscow manufacturing industry (plants and factories) gave the region 12% from his GRP. Moscow - major center mechanical engineering, machine tool, shipbuilding, instrument engineering; ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, chemical, light, printing industries. Here is the Khrunichev Center, which develops Proton launch vehicles and upper stages for them.


Also, a large number of military enterprises are concentrated in Moscow. The Tyumen region is in second place in terms of GRP. In the table it is given together with the Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrugs included in it. Such a significant gross regional product is explained by the richness of the subsoil. Oil and gas are produced in the Tyumen region. This region is an important source of hydrocarbons not only for Russia, but also for the whole world.


In the structure of GRP, mining accounts for 54% . Thanks to this, such a high position in this rating. The third, fourth and fifth places are quite expected for St. Petersburg, the Moscow region and the Krasnodar Territory. Also among the regions with an impressive economic size are the Sverdlovsk region, Tatarstan and the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
---
Speaking about Moscow, I said that in the structure of its GRP manufacturing industries occupy 12% . Let's see in which regions of the Federation this area is at its maximum levels. I will name the regions where the manufacturing industry has a share of the economy above 30%.


The Lipetsk region has a national record: 42% .


Refrigerators and freezers are produced here, granulated sugar and canned fruits and vegetables are produced. The Novolipetsk Iron and Steel Works plays a major role in the economy of not only the region, but also the country.


I will briefly mention other subjects of the federation, which have a high share of the manufacturing industry in the structure of the economy. These are the Tula region, Vologda, Omsk, Kaluga, Vladimir, Chelyabinsk, Novgorod and others.
---
Let us turn to the indicators of Crimea and Sevastopol.


Our Republic ranks among other Russian regions in terms of GRP 54th place. Sevastopol on 82nd place, but he shouldn’t be embarrassed because of this, because his area and population are not large. The dynamics are noteworthy: both Crimea and Sevastopol are rapidly increasing their gross regional product. The successes of the 16th year compared to the 14th year are impressive.


The growth is partly explained transition period. In 2014 there was a low comparison base. The economy was being rebuilt and put on new tracks. But even taking this clause into account, the GRP of Crimea is growing by leaps and bounds. Only one thing housing construction grew over last year three times, and it is part of the regional product. Now the peninsula’s share in the country’s economy is half a percent. But it is quite clear that this is just the beginning, and this role will increase in the coming years.

2. GROSS REGIONAL PRODUCT (GRP)
2.1. BASIC CONCEPTS

The calculation of the gross regional product (GRP) indicator is carried out by territorial bodies state statistics as part of the implementation of elements of the system of national accounts (SNA) at the regional level. The calculation methodology was developed in the central office of the State Statistics Committee of Russia and is uniform for all regions.

The system of national accounts is a detailed statistical model, including a system of interrelated macro-level indicators. The SNA exists as an international standard recommended for implementation in various countries UN Statistical Commission, IMF, IBRD, OECD and Commission of the European Communities. Currently, most countries in the world are implementing the version of the SNA adopted by the listed organizations in 1993. SNA-93 is also being implemented in Russia.

The SNA includes a set of statistical tables called accounts, each of which characterizes a specific stage economic cycle: production, education and income distribution, expenditure on final consumption and accumulation. Central macroeconomic indicator, around which the rest of the system is essentially built, is the gross domestic product (GDP). GDP can be calculated using different methods: production method, the income method and the expense method. The calculation of GDP by each of the listed methods is carried out in the corresponding accounts of the system.

In the SNA of Russia, the greatest attention is paid to the calculation GDP manufacturing method. In terms of production, GDP is the sum of gross value added created in reporting period resident economic units.

The SNA in Russia began to be implemented at the federal level. However, regions also have a need for a modern, requirements-driven statistical summary model market economy and compatible with the federal level SNA and international standards. Due to a number of features inherent regional economy, and information limitations faced by territorial state statistics bodies, the system of national accounts in full cannot currently be implemented at the regional level. Nevertheless, the State Statistics Committee of Russia is carrying out systematic work to introduce at the regional level calculations of a number of general indicators, methodologically based on the principles and definitions of the SNA. Chief among them is the GRP indicator.

In terms of its economic content, the GRP indicator is a close regional analogue of the GDP indicator calculated by the production method at the federal level. GRP is also defined as the sum of gross value added produced by resident units during the reporting period, only in this case we are talking about resident units of the regional economy.

Gross value added, in turn, is defined as the difference between the output of products and services at basic prices and intermediate consumption. The methodology for calculating this indicator at the regional and federal levels in most cases is the same. However, between GDP indicators(at the federal level) and GRP (at the regional level) there is a significant difference. Individual elements of Russia's GDP currently cannot be calculated at the regional level or distributed among Russian regions. Therefore, they are included in the calculation only for Russia as a whole.

The total GRP calculated for all regions of the Russian Federation differs from Russia’s GDP by the amount of added value:

Other non-market services financed from the federal budget, information on which is not available at the regional level;

Services of financial intermediaries (especially banks), whose activities are rarely limited to certain regions;

The output at current prices of industries providing non-market services is calculated on the basis of federal treasury data on the performance of federal budget by region and regional data financial authorities on local budget expenditures, as well as annual ratios of the volume of output of non-market services (including expenditures of extra-budgetary funds) and the total volume of expenditures of the federal and local budgets in relevant areas in each region.

When conducting monthly calculations of GRP, in the absence of operational information on production in a particular sector of the economy, general scheme The calculation of output and intermediate consumption is as follows:

Gross output of this industry in the previous period

the corresponding year at current prices for that period

multiply by

index of physical output volume of a given industry

in % to the previous period

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
=Gross output of the industry of the current period in prices

previous period

Intermediate consumption commercial enterprises are determined on the basis of the output of a full range of enterprises and the share of intermediate consumption in the output of the relevant industry, calculated according to the form “Information on the costs of production and sales of products (works, services).”

Intermediate consumption of goods should be valued at buyer prices existing at the time of their consumption in the production process, and not at the time of acquisition of goods. At the same time, the indicator of intermediate consumption obtained on the basis of accounting data, as a rule, does not correspond to this assessment principle. Determining its value directly from the data accounting, especially during periods of high inflation, can lead to a significant understatement of intermediate consumption and, accordingly, to an overestimation of profits by the amount of changes in the cost of goods received for intermediate consumption from inventories as a result of changes in prices while they are in inventories. Therefore, a corresponding adjustment to the amount of intermediate consumption (calculated according to accounting data) is necessary, which consists of revaluing the material component of intermediate consumption taking into account the average change in prices during the storage period of inventories (see "Methodological provisions on statistics", issue 1, Goskomstat of Russia, M., 1996, p. 266 "Determination of holding profit (loss)".

The scheme for calculating the share of intermediate consumption in output is as follows:

Calculation of output and intermediate consumption
by industry___________________________

The calculation is performed based on the data from the "Information about
costs of production and sales of products (works, services)
enterprises (organizations) for ______________________ 199 years"

at current prices, million rubles

Indicator name

№
lines

A source of information

Volume of products (works, services)
in current prices
(excluding VAT)
cost, excise taxes and similar
gical obligatory payments

F., p.01, gr. 3

Production costs and
sales of products

F., p.03, gr. 3

Material costs

f. , p.04, gr. 3

deductions for reproduction
mineral resource base

F., p.07, gr. 3

deductions for reclamation
lands

F., p.08, gr. 3

payment for wood, vacation
dead on the vine

F., p.09, gr. 3

payment for water withdrawn
enterprises from
water management systems

F., p.10, gr. 3

major renovation

f. , p.16, gr. 3

Material costs,
included in the intermediate
consumption

page 3 -(page 4+5+6+7+8)
(this table)

Rent

f. , p.26, gr. 3

Entertainment expenses

f. , p.30, gr. 3

Payment for third party services
organizations

F., p.35, gr. 3

Other costs

f. , p.48ґ k **), gr. 3

Intermediate consumption

p.9+10+11+12+13
(this table)

Specific gravity of intermediate
consumption in volume
products, in%

Page 14: page 1x100 (of this table)

_________________
*) The volume of products (works, services) should be increased by the amount of subsidies for products in those industries where they are present, but are not included in the volume of production.

**) k is the share of intermediate consumption in “other costs”.

The scheme for calculating intermediate consumption has some industry-specific features.

If there is no data to determine the share of intermediate consumption in output, then the share of intermediate consumption is calculated based on the corresponding ratios that developed in the last available period.

Since the form in 1 year. was developed on a cumulative basis, then by calculating intermediate consumption for the first half of the year and knowing the amount of intermediate consumption for the first quarter, the difference can be obtained as intermediate consumption for the second quarter; the calculation for the third and fourth quarters is carried out according to a similar scheme.

Intermediate consumption by month is calculated based on the share of intermediate consumption in the annual or quarterly release of the relevant industries with expert adjustment to take into account the seasonal characteristics of each month.

Gross value added for each industry at basic prices is calculated as the difference between output at basic prices and intermediate consumption of these industries.

The following industry classification is currently used.

Industries producing goods

industry

Agriculture

forestry

Production

Non-productive

trade (wholesale, including trade in means of production, retail) and
catering

blanks

information and computing services

real estate transactions

general commercial activities to ensure the functioning of the market

geology and subsoil exploration, geodetic and hydrometeorological services

non-production types of consumer services for the population

insurance

science and scientific service

education

Culture and art

control

producing non-market services:

organizations serving agriculture

housing sector

science and scientific service

healthcare, Physical Culture and social security

education, culture and art