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World statistics cannot answer with certainty the question "how much oil is there in the world." Therefore, research results and expert opinion are always questioned. This is due to the fact that at the present moment only 25 percent of the world sites are occupied in the development of oil fields.

Research results show that the world's reserves are significantly decreasing, analytical examinations prove that the reserves are equal to approximately 1,700 billion barrels. This share will provide humanity for only forty years.

The statistics provided in the article are current at the end of 2016. Rating of producing countries the largest number black energy has remained virtually unchanged over the past ten years.

Three leaders controlling the largest reserves

Oil fields are often the cause of many conflicts between countries. For example, African countries are arguing over oil-rich territory, Libya has conflicting interests with Nigeria, Cameroon with Chad, and there are more than twenty similar disputes.

States Latin America have more than eight conflicts over oil fields, there are also controversial issues in Europe and the Middle East.

• Venezuela- produces just over three percent in the world. Experts estimate that oil in Venezuela will end no earlier than in 120 years. The country's oil potential is more than 290 billion barrels or 17% of the world's reserves. However, the oil of the Latin country has its own characteristics - it is heavier and more difficult to extract. The country is the tenth largest oil producer in the world.
• Saudi Arabia - the main producer and producer of the world's oil potential. The oil reserve is more than 265 billion barrels(more than 15% of the world). Oil fields in the state at the moment, according to experts' forecasts, will provide the country with fuel for more than eighty years. Arabia is the largest producer and supplier of black gold.
• Canada- the share of oil reserves in the country is more than 173 billion barrels(more than 10%) mainly due to hard-to-recover oil from the sands. The profitability of producing such oil is approaching $ 90 per barrel. Canadian companies are America's main oil suppliers.

Potential of "black gold" in other states

On the development of oil-developing fields, most states spend very impressive amounts, tens of billions of dollars annually.

• Iran- extracts about 4% of the world's oil resources. However, according to researchers, the reserves of black gold in Iran may end in seventy years. Iran's share is over 150 billion barrels (about 9%). Production in the country is growing after the lifting of sanctions and may grow even more in the coming years.
• Iraq... The largest field in Iraq - Rumaila provides most of the production in the country. The share of Iraqi reserves is about 150 billion barrels, which is more than 8% of the world's total.
• the Russian Federation - produces about 12.5% ​​of oil, with 6% of the world's proven reserves. Experts' forecasts for the presence of oil are disappointing; Russian oil from these fields may run out in twenty-five years. One of the reasons for this period is considered to be the unreasonable policy of the state. Despite this, the Russian share is 89 billion barrels... However, it should be borne in mind that there are still many hidden reserves in Russia - in the Arctic (according to experts, about 90 billion barrels), as well as in shale formations (about 75 billion barrels of recoverable reserves). Developing hard-to-recover oil reserves requires large investments and high oil prices. The economy of the state is mainly based on the export of produced gas and oil.
• Kuwait- about 6% of the world's deposits. Just like in the UAE, oil production can be done for about a hundred years. Kuwait's potential is 101 billion barrels.
• United United Arab Emirates - the share of the world is comparable to Kuwait - about 6%. Studies show that oil production in Arabian fields can be practiced for more than a hundred years. There are about 97 billion barrels in the country. Despite the development of world tourism in this country, most of the economy is supported by energy production and resource extraction.
• United States of America- produce about 12% of oil, and own only 3%. Moreover, America's oil supply could run out in the next ten years. The share of the oil potential is equal to 34 billion barrels of conventional oil and about 60 billion barrels of shale oil. America is the second largest consumer of natural energy resources in the world. Moreover, its consumption is more than twenty-five percent of the global level. By introducing new technologies, the country is increasing the production of shale oil.

Percentage distribution of the world stock confirmed by analysts and researchers in the field. The rest of the countries involved in oil development and supply account for about twelve percent of the world's reserves.

The world's total reserves are approximately 1.7 trillion barrels However, the real reserves may be much larger due to still unexplored deposits - mainly shale oil, as well as on the shelf.

Countries with relatively small oil reserves

• Libya- the share of oil potential is 3%, although forecasts say that oil production in Libyan fields can be engaged in for about sixty years. The proven oil reserves are 47 billion barrels. Libya is on the 4th position in gas and oil development on the African continent. The country's economy is based on oil production and exports, which account for more than ninety percent of the treasury.
• Nigeria- the share of the country's oil is just over two percent. Nigerian oil reserves in these fields will dry up in 35 years. The potential is about 37 billion barrels. The country is very dependent on the export of black gold - about 80-90% of all budget revenues. The state has the largest deposits of the African continent.
• Kazakhstan- the amount of oil reserves is thirty billion barrels(1.8% of world reserves). After gaining independence, Kazakhstan began to attract world investors. At the same time, receipts increased significantly foreign investment into the oil industry of the state.
• Qatar... Natural raw materials in Qatar are mined at large deposits. The potential of the oil industry is over 25 billion barrels. Reliability in the oil industry ensures the prosperity of the state. Qatar is in fourth place among the countries in the ranking for the supply of dry blue fuel.
• China- extracts more than 200 million tons at its fields. oil per year. Market share - 5%. Residual reserves in the subsoil of China 18.5 billion barrels(about 1% of the world). The most populous country has the fastest growing economy. China is the main consumer of world energy. Every year, companies are increasing the production of fossil fuels, but coal is still the main source of energy for China.
• Algeria- the share of the world potential is 0,7% (just over twelve billion barrels). A large producer and producer, Algeria is in the second position among the African states in oil production. The parliament of the state attracts investments by lowering taxes for the developers of the gas industry and fields.
• India- the share of oil potential is equal to five and a half billion barrels. The fourth largest consumption and import of fossil fuels. At the moment, the state is unable to meet the demand for energy resources within the country. Building up fuel reserves has become the country's priority.
• Australia- 3.8 billion barrels. The continental country attracts world mining companies with its political stability and proximity to Asian states. Inflow Money from foreign companies have a positive effect on the development of deposits. The continent is rich in uranium reserves.

Geographic distribution of oil reserves

According to statistics, over the past ten years, the largest gains have been in the Middle and Middle East. In these areas, oil reserves have increased by one and a half times.

In second place in the development of oil fields are Canada and the South of North America.

Cognitive information

The absurdity of the situation in the Russian Federation still confuses some analysts. The country with the most high rate for oil production has an inflated cost of gasoline and diesel fuel. However, if we take oil production per capita, then Russia is far from the leading position.

In countries whose main budget depends on the oil industry, for example, the United Arab Emirates, the price of gasoline does not exceed six rubles, but per capita oil in such countries is much higher than in Russia. It turns out that 60 percent of the payment for gasoline is made up of various taxes, excise duties and taxes.

Russia occupies an honorable first place among the countries producing oil. More than 10,124,000 barrels are produced daily in the Russian Federation. According to some reports, the remaining oil reserves do not exceed 50 billion barrels. More than 12% of all oil produced in the world is produced in Russia.

2. Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia is the second largest country in the world in terms of oil production.

Saudi Arabia produces just over 10 million barrels per day. Today this country is the largest oil exporter. According to some reports, a fifth of the remaining oil in the world lies in the lands of Saudi Arabia.

3. USA

The United States is in an honorable third place. According to experts, 21 billion barrels of oil lie in the lands of the United States. About 9.6 million barrels are produced daily in the United States, which is approximately 11% of all oil produced.

4. China

China produces about 5% of all oil in the world. This amounts to approximately 4.3 million barrels per day. The country's total stock is just over 20 billion barrels.

5.Iran

Iran plays a very important role in the oil business. After all, the oil produced in Iran is of very high quality, which makes it possible to export it for more favorable prices... Iran produces about 4.25 million barrels per day.

6. Canada

The oil business is the main industry in North America. It is Canada that is the closest oil supplier to the United States. Meanwhile, more than 3.3 million barrels per day are produced in Canada.

7. Mexico

Along with Saudi Arabia and Canada, Mexico is also an oil supplier to the United States. Pumping about 3 million barrels daily, Mexico owns 3.5% of the world's oil production.

8. UAE

The United Arab Emirates produces about 2.8 million barrels per day, which is about 3.3% of all oil produced. However, the UAE ranks sixth in terms of oil reserves. Today, the UAE has one of the most developed economies western Asia.

9. Brazil

The country has over 8.5 billion oil reserves, while producing just over 2.5 million barrels per day. In Brazil, the richest oil field is called Tupi oil Field.

10. Kuwait

In this country, oil is produced at almost the same rate as in Brazil. The country is in no hurry to produce large volumes of oil. With just under 2.5 million barrels per day, the country knows total reserves are in excess of 104 billion barrels.

Outcomes:

Russia, which officially refused to export oil and produces it at the fastest rates, has practically the highest gasoline prices. It's no secret that in many countries, including the UAE, the cost of high-quality gasoline does not exceed 3-6 rubles per liter. And only in our country, gasoline does not have the proper quality, it costs more than 25 rubles per liter, and besides that, at gas stations they manage to dilute it and not even brazenly refill it. The prime cost of gasoline in Russia is much lower. After all, more than 60% of the final cost is fees, taxes and excise taxes.

Oil production has become one of the priority industries Russian economy since the beginning of the 20th century. In different periods of the country's history, Russia accounted for up to 30% of the world production of this raw material. Since the second half of the last century, with the increase in world capital and production volumes, this industry has become decisive.

In the modern period Russian government takes measures to move away from the dependence of budget revenues on profits associated with hydrocarbon raw materials. But the main financial receipts to the treasury continue to come precisely from oil sales.

Russia's place in oil production in the world

The Russian Federation is not only the largest state in terms of its territory, but also one of the richest in terms of the presence of hydrocarbons in its depths. In many ways, some oil fields are unpromising in further exploitation due to their barbaric use by non-professional oil producers.

Implementation modern methods production with more efficient oil production technologies allows Russia to remain in the top ten of the list of countries in terms of remaining oil reserves, led by Venezuela with a reserve of approximately 46 billion tons. Russia, according to British Petrolium, has another 14 billion tons in the depths.

In terms of annual production, Russia and Saudi Arabia hold a confident leadership, producing about 13% of the world's oil production each. This, of course, speaks not only of Russia's influence on world economy, but also about the direct dependence of the Russian economy on world oil prices. Most of the crises and economic booms, both the USSR and modern Russia associated precisely with the prices of raw materials.

Oil production in Russia

After the collapse of the USSR, oil production was transferred to private companies, which not only began to use raw materials more rationally, but also switched to world standards in terms of oil production. Most of the interstate agreements and rules related to the volumes of oil production established by the world community are aimed at the stability of world quotations for raw materials.

However, it is important for the Russian economy that the volume of oil production remains stable and grows without disrupting international standards... Therefore, simultaneously with a decrease in the volume of exported oil since 2011, from the same period, an annual increase in the amount of extracted raw materials is noticeable. If in 2011 Russia produced about 510 billion tons of oil in a year, then in 2016 this figure reached almost 547 billion tons, increasing by about 10 billion tons annually.

In 2017, according to OPEC, oil production in the first and second quarters in Russia is estimated at 11.25 and 11.26 million barrels per day, respectively.

The main areas of oil production in Russia

The richest oil deposits were discovered during the Soviet period of history, and for the most part they are partially or completely depleted. However, there are enough areas with hydrocarbons left. Some of the deposits have not been explored, and some have not yet begun production.

Despite the huge number of oil fields, start their exploitation at this moment seems impossible due to economic disadvantages. In certain areas, the cost of oil production is several times higher than the efficiency parameters allow. Therefore, priority is given to more profitable pools.

Previously, the bulk of domestic oil production fell on the Volga-Ural Basin, recently, most of the raw materials are produced in Western and Eastern Siberia, as well as in the Timan-Pechora oil region. The largest volumes of oil production are in the Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous region- these are Samotlorskoye, Priobskoye, Lyantorskoye and other fields in the region.

The most efficient fields for oil production are Vankorskoe (Krasnoyarsk Territory) and Russkoe (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug). The exploitation of these fields began in 2008, and they account for about 5% of Russian oil production.

Some of the resources are located on:

• North Caucasus;
• The Far East;
• Black Sea region.

But the volumes of oil production in these basins are minimal in comparison with the Siberian ones.

Cost of oil production in Russia

The cost of oil production is one of the decisive indicators when choosing fields for development. The price spent on the production of 1 barrel of oil depends on the complexity of the extraction of raw materials and the level of technology used during operation.

The issue of extraction of raw materials in some regions is especially acute in the context of falling world oil prices. For example, the cost of oil production in some regions of America reaches 60 dollars / bar, which is approximately equal to the world price and, as a result, this indicates the futility of production from this field. In this sense, Russian basins are losing out to competitors in Saudi Arabia, Iran and Kazakhstan.

An important fact is that Russian fields differ greatly in terms of the cost of oil production:

• in the fields, the beginning of the operation of which dates back to the middle of the last century, the cost of a barrel of oil reaches $ 28;
• the pools, which have been developed since the late 90s, cost about $ 16 / bar of oil.

There are also fields in Russia where, according to experts, the cost of oil production may not exceed $ 5 / bar, which makes it possible to achieve the indicators of Saudi Arabia at a profit.

Dynamics of oil production in Russia by years

The rapid growth of oil production in the world in the 60s and 70s of the XX century led the USSR to a temporary period of economic prosperity: with an increase in the amount of raw materials on the market, contrary to all the laws of the economy, its cost also increased.

After the seventies, there is no sharp increase in the amount of extracted raw materials (in the 21st century, the indicator annually increases by an average of only 1.7%).

In modern Russia, a temporary decline in oil production was observed in the mid-90s. This decline was due to the difficult transfer of oil capital from the state to the hands of companies and the overall negative economic situation in the country.

Since the early 2000s, the industry has started to operate stably, due to which the amount of oil produced has gradually increased. In the period from 2000 to 2004, production volumes rose from 304 billion tons to 463. Later, the sharp rise stabilized, and from 2004 to 2016, the resource extraction rate increased from 463 to 547 billion tons.

Oil and gas production in Russia by company

Large companies producing oil and gas in Russia:

• Gazprom;


• Surgutneftegaz;


• Tatneft;


• Lukoil;


• Rosneft.

In corporations such as Gazprom and Rosneft, the Russian Federation holds a controlling stake. The main owner of Tatneft is the Republic of Tatarstan. In other organizations, the share of state participation is small or absent (shares are in the hands of private individuals or information about the owners is not publicly disclosed).

The leader in Russian oil production is Lukoil, whose revenue is approximately 4-5 times lower than that of the world leaders in terms of this indicator.

The absolute leader in gas production in Russia belongs to PJSC Gazprom, which produces about 70% of gas in the country. Most of the companies producing hydrocarbon raw materials have shares in free circulation; any person can become the owners of the organizations.

Shale oil production in Russia

Serious investments are made in the development of shale oil production foreign companies... Shale oil differs from the usual one in composition and production procedure.

Shale oil production requires certain chemical processes. For some states that do not have oil fields, it is more profitable to invest in the production of shale oil on the territory of their state than to buy natural raw materials from abroad. For example, Estonia does this.

Over the past decade, America has been investing more and more in oil shale every year. In 2016, the share of production of synthetic raw materials is about 5% of the total output.

In Russia, shale oil production has not yet begun, although legislators and the Government of the Russian Federation are actively working to further develop this area. The idea is supported by the largest Russian companies for the extraction of hydrocarbons.

According to the existing data, the potential amount of artificial oil on the territory of Russia may leave the countries of the whole world out of competition in the oil and gas industry. It is planned to start production of shale oil by 2030, after preparing the relevant legislation, conducting research and licensing in this area.

Foreign and Russian oil production companies at the exhibition

Tens of thousands of representatives of companies from all over the world gather at international oil and gas exhibitions.

Large events of this kind are traditionally considered:

• Petrotech;
• CIPPE;
• Offshore Arabia.

In Russia, most attention is focused on exhibition "Neftegaz" held by the Expocentre Exhibition Center.

Presentation of new methods, joint search for sales markets, mutually beneficial transfer of technology and research, one-stop solution common problems discussion of the prospects for the industry is far from full list opportunities that open up for the participants of the exhibition.

Brief historical introduction

Since ancient times, humans have collected oil from the surface of the earth (and water). At the same time, oil found rather limited use. After the safe kerosene lamp was invented in the second half of the 19th century, the demand for oil increased dramatically. The development of industrial oil production begins by drilling wells to oil-saturated formations. With the discovery of electricity and the spread of electric lighting, the need for kerosene as a source of lighting began to decline. At this time, the internal combustion engine was invented and the rapid development of the automotive industry began. In the USA, the ancestor of mass production of cars, thanks to Henry Ford, in 1908 the production of an inexpensive Model T at reasonable prices began. Cars, initially available only to the very wealthy, are being produced in more and more numbers. If in 1900 there were about 8 thousand cars in the United States, then by 1920 there were already 8.1 million. With the development of the automotive industry, the demand for gasoline and, as a result, the demand for oil increased rapidly. Until now, most of the oil is used to provide a person with the ability to move quickly (by land, by water, by air).

World oil production

V.N.Schelkachev, analyzing in his book "Domestic and World Oil Production" the historical data of oil production volumes, proposed to divide the development of world oil production into two stages:
The first stage was from the very beginning until 1979, when the first relative maximum of oil production was reached (3235 million tons).
The second stage is from 1979 to the present.

It was noted that from 1920 to 1970, world oil production increased not only in almost every new year, but over the decades, production grew almost exponentially (almost doubled every 10 years). Since 1979, there has been a slowdown in the growth of world oil production. In the early 1980s, there was even a short-term decline in oil production. In the future, the growth in oil production is resumed, but not at such a rapid pace as at the first stage.

Dynamics of oil production in the world, million tons

Despite the drop in oil production in the early 80s and recurring crises, the overall world oil production is steadily growing. Average annual growth rates from 1970 to 2012 amounted to about 1.7%, and this figure is significantly less than the average annual growth rate of world GDP.

Did you know that ...

In world practice, oil production is measured in barrels. Historically, in Russia, mass units are used to measure production. Until 1917, it was poods, and now it is tons.

In Great Britain, as well as in Russia, tons are used to account for oil production. But in Canada and Norway, unlike all other countries, oil is measured in m 3.

Oil production in Russia

Oil production in Russia has been steadily growing since the early 2000s. Since 2010, oil production in Russia has surpassed the bar of 500 million tons per year and is confidently staying above this level, steadily increasing.

Oil production in Russia, million tons

According to BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2019

In 2018, despite the OPEC + agreements, a new record was set. 563 million tons of oil and gas condensate were produced, which is 1.6% higher than in 2017.

Oil industry of Russia

Russia is one of the largest players in the global energy market.

During 2000-2019. Russia's share in world oil production increased from 8.9% to 12.6%. Today it is one of the three countries that determine the dynamics of prices in the oil market (along with Saudi Arabia and the United States).

Russia is a key supplier of oil and petroleum products to European countries; increases oil supplies to the countries of the Asia-Pacific region.

Russia's weighty share in the world oil market makes the country one of the leading participants in the global energy security system

The largest oil companies in Russia

Oil production in Russia is carried out by 8 large vertically integrated oil companies(VINK). And also about 150 small and medium-sized mining companies. Vertically integrated oil companies account for about 90% of all oil production. About 2.5% of oil is produced by the largest Russian gas producer Gazprom. And the rest is mined by independent mining companies.

Vertical integration in the oil business is the unification of various links in the technological chain of production and processing of hydrocarbons ("from a well to a gas station"):

• exploration of oil reserves, drilling and field development;
• oil production and transportation;
• oil refining and transportation of oil products;
• sales (marketing) of petroleum products

Vertical integration allows you to achieve the following competitive advantages:

• ensuring guaranteed conditions for the supply of raw materials and sales of products
• reducing risks associated with changes in market conditions
• reducing the cost of producing a unit of production

The oil production leaders in Russia are Rosneft and Lukoil.

As of early 1973, the world's proven oil reserves were 570 billion barrels (about 100 billion tons). The growth of proven reserves continued in the future, up to 1984. After that, the annual volume of oil production in the world has become larger than the volume of its explored reserves. If the current rate of oil consumption is maintained, its proven reserves will remain for 40-50 years, and undiscovered ones - for no more than 50 years. The latest OPEC report says that the projected average daily oil production in the world this year will amount to 1.28 billion barrels, which exceeds the previous forecast by almost 100 thousand barrels. The total world daily demand for oil in 2015 is projected at 92.6 million barrels. Next year, the daily demand for oil may reach 1.34 million barrels.

World oil production table 2014

World oil production table 2015

Determining the exclusive leadership in oil production of a particular country is rather difficult due to several factors:
- the same production volumes;
- the impossibility of obtaining reliable data on the volumes of oil produced;
- different methods in determining the volume of oil production, which are used by international analytical agencies.
In addition, many analysts predict in the near future that it will not be possible to pinpoint the exceptional world leader in oil production. At the same time, a number of analytical services express a unanimous opinion that the leading countries in oil production are Russia, Saudi Arabia and the United States.

According to the results of the annual report of the British oil and gas corporation British Petroleum, which conducted research on oil production, in 2014 the United States became the leader in oil production, whose oil production exceeded the indicators of Saudi Arabia and Russia. U.S. oil production in 2015 is approaching Saudi Arabia's production for the entire last year... At the same time, in May 2015, Russia was recognized as the world leader in oil production. It should be noted that the United States continues to be considered the world's main consumer of oil. In 2014, the US daily oil consumption was 19 million barrels, which is higher than in 2013. The second and third places in the consumption of oil belong to China and Japan. At the end of last year, after the collapse of world oil prices (from $ 110 to $ 40), there was a sharp decline in the number of drilling in North American oil wells. And although oil production in the United States in 2015 continues to remain at a fairly high level, a number of experts suggest a noticeable decline in oil production in the United States this year.

Russia is one of the largest oil producers in the world. As of August of this year, the world leadership in terms of oil production belongs to Russia, which is also confirmed by the Information Administration under the US Department of Energy. Thus, answering the question of what place does Russia occupy in oil production, we can say with confidence - the first.

And although today Russia is considered the world leader in oil production, traditionally the first place in terms of oil production is occupied by Saudi Arabia, which is a member of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and has colossal oil reserves.