Small business loans for new companies. Business development loan for LLC: a package of documents, conditions. Loans to small and medium businesses. What is a loan calculator and why is it needed
Creating your own business is a long-term and labor-intensive process that requires significant efforts and financial investments. Not always a novice entrepreneur has the necessary amount of start-up capital, which puts him in a difficult position. Russian legislation takes into account this fact - and offers to get a profitable loan for individual entrepreneurs to develop small businesses from scratch.
Assistance of this kind is beneficial in that public lending is systemic and interest-free, does not involve collateral, and includes a number of additional financial and legal advantages. A significant number of business entities seek to obtain it.
It is worth noting that in Russian Federation there is a detailed program of state assistance to small and medium-sized businesses, which includes such items as:
- interest-free lending;
- leasing;
- system of compensatory state. payments and assistance on fulfilled loan obligations;
compensation of the financial amount spent on the purchase of industrial equipment and other means of production.
Small business lending is not the only popular method of effective economic assistance to individual entrepreneurs, but one of the most popular ways to compensate for financial shortfalls. The ability to not provide collateral when applying for a loan is very appealing to young entrepreneurs at the beginning of their economic activity. It is very important for individual entrepreneurs to feel state assistance in difficult economic conditions at the beginning of their activities and opening an enterprise, without collateral and additional financial payments.
State lending to individual entrepreneurs: registration mechanism
A small business loan from scratch is an effective mechanism for regulating the development of individual entrepreneurship, which is one of the fundamental cells of the system of modern economic relations. The absence of the required collateral when starting a business often attracts young promising entrepreneurs who are ready to develop and implement new technologies and promising developments. Often it is these projects that require state aid.
One of the most effective conditions for helping to open and further develop a small business under the existing credit system is the absence of collateral.
The state takes over a full range of guarantee obligations credit obligations debt subject. It should be noted that not all banks are willing to make such a compromise, especially when it comes to fairly large financial amounts. Moreover, even a successful start does not always guarantee the profitability and creditworthiness of the enterprise in the future. Therefore, in order to receive a loan for opening, an individual entrepreneur must have a basic amount of starting capital.
New business is always a risk, and banks are not ready to pay for it. Therefore, IP in the Russian Federation is actively supported by the state - and the results did not fail to affect. Small business is gradually but surely turning into a significant segment of the domestic and foreign markets.
If you are planning to open your own business and wish to receive government support, you should first make sure that the system public funding and assistance IP is valid in the region of your registration, and also applies to your chosen field of activity.
It should be understood that not every novice entrepreneur is entitled to financial support from the state - but only to those economic entities that can really prove their viability and development prospects as an individual entrepreneur.
One of milestones the procedure for obtaining assistance when starting your business and obtaining state loans for individual entrepreneurs is to draw up a clear business plan, which will display the following points:
- goals and objectives of creating a new IP;
- necessary minimum financial resources needed to open a business;
- the amount of costs associated with the acquisition of the necessary equipment and arrangement of working premises;
- expected payback periods.
In addition, the IP must clearly outline the features of the start, the nature of future activities and justify the chosen path. economic development, as well as your desire to take out a loan.
To take part in the state program. lending to small businesses and get state. loan, you must first pass a competitive selection.
The first stage of this competition is a detailed review of the business plan proposed by the IP. For a successful start and opening of a new business, an entrepreneur must clearly identify all the stages of development of the future enterprise, and form the expected risks and benefits. To get a state loan, the individual entrepreneur must convince the state that the proposed idea is effective and promising in terms of economic development.
IP, in order to get the state. a loan for the development of its business without additional overpayments and collateral, undertakes to provide timely and complete reporting on the nature of the use and volumes of naturalization of the funds received. The objectivity and completeness of the information received is checked by state authorities. fiscal control.
If the verification of the provided data was successful, and the subject successfully passed the competitive test, he gets access to a preferential lending system, which implies a complete absence of collateral and an interest-free loan. Such conditions attract many young entrepreneurs who want to get a loan and establish a successful development of their business.
Other methods of state support for small businesses
Lending is not a universal panacea for stimulating the development of small businesses.
In order to get a satisfactory result in his entrepreneurial activity, the IE is forced to look for innovative ways and methods for implementing business ideas and projects. In an equal degree and state. bodies are interested in the effective development and expansion of forms of private entrepreneurship.
Many banks are beginning to think about reducing or even potentially eliminating collateral for customers who want to take out a loan with the further direction of funds for small business development.
State. small business support also involves such forms of work with individual entrepreneurs as:
- holding competitions for various grants;
- conducting training seminars, conferences, trainings for individual entrepreneurs;
- material assistance without making direct financial payments.
For example, the state can contribute to the rent of municipal space at a reduced rate. An entrepreneur can also get a number of additional benefits without getting cash on hand. In particular, this concerns cooperation with banks.
Preferential conditions for small businesses: features of obtaining a bank loan
Lending centers that provide state support for small businesses often become guarantors in obtaining loans for individual entrepreneurs. Banks tend to trust state system securing loans, therefore, they are more willing to issue loans without collateral if the state directly acts as a guarantor.
The lack of collateral in this case is compensated by increased credit obligations.
To facilitate the successful start of as many young entrepreneurs as possible, a special National Welfare Fund was even established in the Russian Federation. The Foundation started its activities in 2014. From this fund, the banks included in the pool can annually receive a fairly impressive amount, which makes it possible to ensure minimum tariffs for credit loans for subjects of individual entrepreneurship, without the requirement of collateral and overpayments. Thus, in order to ensure a successful start and receive a loan for the development of the enterprise, the entity must simply prove its readiness to work in full for the domestic economy.
Starting a new enterprise requires careful preparation and a certain financial reserve.
The state is ready to provide the novice entrepreneur with the necessary support - but in response, the individual entrepreneur also assumes certain obligations. In particular, the main indicators of the level of economic efficiency of activity and the successful start of a new enterprise are two main indicators: the number of jobs created and the level of taxes paid annually. If these figures are characterized by positive dynamics, then the start of this business has justified itself, and the entrepreneur begins to create a successful credit history.
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In order for a start-up small business to be able to develop at a successful pace, as a rule, financial injections are required.
When the founders do not have sufficient funds for development, they come to the rescue bank loans. And although looking at advertising, it seems that getting the right loan is as easy as shelling pears, in fact, entrepreneurs can get a business loan without down payment only under certain conditions.
Conditions are put forward by banks and serve to provide a guarantee of return borrowed money. At the same time, not only the timely repayment of the debt, but also the interest on it is important.
How to get and apply
First of all, it is necessary to talk about who banks are ready to issue loans for organizing small businesses.
The requirements for a small business client are:
- Ownership of liquid property(equipment, real estate, securities etc.). If a businessman can provide valuable collateral to secure a future loan, the bank will almost always agree, as collateral is the best money-back guarantee. However, it is important to understand that the value of the collateral should be 150-200% higher than the loan amount.
- Company age. This criterion is especially important for individual entrepreneurs, although there is little trust in firms that have not managed to earn a reputation. For this reason, it is recommended to register a company in advance, thereby increasing the likelihood of bank approval of a loan application.
- Yield. The firm may not be new, but the profit is almost zero. Such a company may not be given money for development. Banks do not require incredible profitability, but at least minimum percentage will have to show.
- Business plan. It is required when it is not a question of loans for current activities. Bank specialists will definitely get acquainted with it to make sure that the money will be used to purchase liquid assets. Loans are reluctant to pay wages or rent.
- Credit history and reputation. While history is easy to verify, reputation is more difficult. By sending a request to the CBI, the bank will be able to find out exactly how the client previously fulfilled its obligations. The bank will be able to learn about the reputation from the reviews of business partners.
Based on the foregoing, it is obvious that obtaining a loan for a small business is extremely difficult:
- indeed, there is no history as such yet;
- age is not yet great;
- a business plan is not the most important of the criteria;
- and the lack of liquid property can completely cross out all hopes for a profitable loan.
That is why in the end it is often used one of two options:
- Make a loan to an individual (director, founder, owner).
- Participate in the state program.
In the first case there is a standard procedure for obtaining a loan, such as a consumer loan. Most often, only two documents are used: a passport and proof of size. monthly income. And here there is the main difficulty, since it is rather difficult to confirm the amount of income of an individual entrepreneur, since he does not receive a salary.
Disadvantages of this solution:
- a loan to an individual cannot be reflected in an expense item when the entrepreneur calculates the taxable base;
- restriction on the amount of the loan (significantly less) and on the timing of its repayment;
- the borrower himself has to come to terms with the fact that the bank will have to repay the loan even if the enterprise goes bankrupt.
The second option is much more promising.– receiving a grant or loan from the state. There are even gratuitous loans that entrepreneurs who meet the conditions of the state program do not even need to repay. To receive such a loan, you will need to take part in a government program or become a grant recipient.
The main difficulty here is to comply a large number formalities. In addition, entrepreneurs will have to prove their business acumen and interest officials in their innovative projects.
Small business loans from the state in 2019
If we compare 2019 with 2019, then there is a reduction in state funding for concessional financing of small businesses.
Get a loan from the government preferential terms enterprises will be able to:
- where the state has no more than 100 employees;
- turnover for the year on all accounts does not exceed 400 million rubles;
- the applicant must prove his solvency;
- show a positive story.
The process of obtaining a loan in general terms looks like that:
- An application is being made for government loan and submitted to the regional Entrepreneurship Support Fund.
- At the same time, the financial statements of the enterprise are submitted to the bank working with the Fund for a comprehensive study.
- After approval of the application and documentation submitted by the applicant, the Fund transfers the money to the bank, and the bank issues a loan to the applicant.
In the Entrepreneurship Support Fund (local territorial subdivision) you can find out a lot of useful information:
Each territorial division operates on the basis of.
Table 1. Basic conditions for concessional state lending to small businesses in 2019
Express loans
Favorably differs from the usual speed of its design. Most often, entrepreneurs resort to this type of borrowing of working capital, since the requirements for the borrower are minimal and, in the absence of a negative history, the probability of obtaining an express loan is almost 100%.
All express loans are unsecured, and this is another unconditional advantage. The company does not have to prepare documentation for collateral, draw up an encumbrance, the procedure for obtaining the required amount takes several times less time than with the standard one.
Expenses for an express loan include a commission (1-2% of the loan amount), as well as interest for the use of borrowed funds.
You can lower the rate by choosing targeted borrowing, for example, for the purchase of vehicles, replenishment of working capital, etc. By providing the bank with collateral and guarantors, you can reduce the interest rate by 5-7%.
Interest rates on this banking product are usually high and make up 25-30% per annum.
For example, in Sberbank, the Trust loan for small businesses is a very profitable product aimed at providing loans in the shortest possible time.
Table 2. Terms of the credit "Trust" in Sberbank.
Those enterprises whose annual turnover does not exceed 60 million rubles.
Investment
Investment loans are effective business development tools. The process of registration and approval of applications from entrepreneurs for an investment loan is quite complicated.
Its main principles are:
- For the bank, the intentions of the entrepreneur in relation to borrowed funds are of great importance, even more than his real financial position. Therefore, the package of documents includes a feasibility study - a feasibility study.
- Interest on a future loan should be significantly less than the expected return on investment.
- The borrowing period is determined individually, depending on what the payback period for this particular investment project will be (the borrowing period is not less than the payback period).
- If the project is very promising, then the bank can even provide the borrower Grace period, during which the client will only repay the interest on the loan.
If we turn to the practice of issuing investment loans to representatives of small and medium-sized businesses, then often we are talking about money for:
- construction of production facilities:
- equipment purchases;
- setting up the production of agricultural products;
- a loan for the purchase of a ready-made business, etc.
The enterprise concludes an investment agreement with a bank, according to. classifies investment contracts as mixed type contracts, since not only a bank and a representative of a small business, but also the state can act as its parties.
Express loans and investment loans to small businesses in Russian banks
The conditions for granting loans, as well as the amount of loans provided in domestic banks, are quite different. This opens up opportunities for businessmen to conclude an agreement with the bank on favorable terms.
Such conditions optimally correspond to the current financial situation of the borrower. Table 3 shows the current offers of the largest Russian banks for small businesses.
Table 3. Conditions for granting express loans and investment loans small business in the largest Russian banks as of 01.10.2016
Name of the bank | Express loan | Investment loan |
Sberbank (annual revenue of the client - up to 60 million rubles) | Term - up to 3 years, maximum amount - 5 million rubles, interest rate - from 16% |
Period from 3 months. up to 10 years rate - from 14.48%, client's own contribution - from 10% of the project cost, maximum amount - up to 200 million rubles, deferral of the principal debt - up to 1 year. |
Rosselkhozbank | Term - up to 3 years, maximum amount - up to 4 million rubles, interest rate is individual. |
Term - up to 15 years, maximum amount - up to 200 million rubles, deferment of repayment of the main debt - up to 18 months. |
Alfa-Bank (client's annual revenue up to 350 million rubles) | Term - up to 3 years, maximum amount - up to 6 million rubles, interest rate - from 14.5%. |
Terms, amounts and rates are determined individually. |
VTB 24 | Term - up to 3 years, maximum amount - 4 million rubles, interest rate - from 15%. |
Sum - from 850 thousand rubles, term - up to 10 years, rate - from 13.5%. |
Raiffeisenbank (client's annual revenue up to 55 million rubles in year) | Term - up to 4 years; maximum amount - 4.5 million rubles; |
Term - up to 5 years, maximum amount - up to 4.5 million rubles, interest rate - individually. |
Business plan loan
A feature of lending according to a business plan is that an entrepreneur who wants to get a loan from a bank prepares a package of documentation in which he justifies following points:
- Money is required for a specific purpose, now and for a specific period.
- The loan will be used to extract the maximum benefit.
- Repayment of the loan in the current state of affairs will not be difficult for the borrower.
A detailed business plan is a large volume of documents, therefore, for the approval of applications, a compressed version of only 4-10 pages is submitted, no more.
In the vast majority of cases, business plans are prepared according to the standard scheme:
- described economic potential enterprises, as well as the size of the current profitability and predicted after receiving a loan, all groups of costs are listed in detail;
- the marketing plan describes all the activities that will be implemented by the enterprise in order to bring its product to a given sales volume;
- the technical part, which describes the product, the necessary improvements, as a result of which it will be possible to increase sales.
The first thing to be done banking specialists in the process of reviewing a business plan submitted by a potential borrower, this is an assessment of the risks associated with the repayment of a loan. when financing business projects, it is almost never used.
Therefore, the document itself necessarily contains a section on risk assessment by the borrower, where justification should be given for all categories of risks. After reviewing the submitted concise business plan, the bank examines the project and decides whether to approve the application immediately or consider a detailed business plan.
Based on the results of the study, the conditions for the loan are offered to the enterprise. Most often conditions:
- individual;
- taking into account risks;
- taking into account the current financial position of the enterprise.
As a rule, those banks that develop the direction of financing small businesses offer on their websites a sample description of a business for obtaining a loan. This information gives a clear idea of how you should prepare your project before submitting it for consideration to a particular bank.
Rating of banks for small business
Major marketing and analytical agencies (Moody's, Rus-rating, NRA, etc.) regularly publish ratings of banks, including those that offer the most profitable loans to small businesses.
- annual gross issuance of loans for small business development;%
- the range of services provided;
- completeness of online service and other indicators.
- by assets - the value of the bank's property, the size of its capital, the amount of all obligations of small businesses to the bank, the volume of securities, etc. are estimated;
- credit - is compiled on the basis of the volume of loans issued.
source of reliable information about financial stability any commercial bank is the Central Bank. The regulator's website regularly publishes data on the solvency of the largest players banking business where you can get information about banks of interest.
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Choosing a bank to receive a loan for small business development is a very difficult decision for an entrepreneur. It is necessary not only to compare the conditions for providing investments.
It is also necessary to compare the reliability of a credit institution, as well as take into account the real possibilities for the timely repayment of a loan along with interest. Real help in search the best option brokerage organizations can provide a loan.
Video: IncomePoint.tv: Loans for small businesses.
In the article you will learn about the conditions concessional lending small and medium business in Russia. Which banks provide preferential loans to entrepreneurs, what conditions and interest rates are provided and for the development of which business you can get a preferential loan.
What is concessional lending
In order to motivate businessmen to start their own business and its further development, the state has developed a soft lending program for individual entrepreneurs and legal entities.
It has the following features:
- low interest rate;
- extended loan period;
- simplified registration procedure;
- provision of collateral in the form of a guarantee.
At the state level, the SME Corporation was formed, which is engaged in supporting the owners of small and medium-sized businesses. It cooperates with several banks that provide soft loans to entrepreneurs. Banks, in turn, act as intermediaries between the state and borrowers.
As of August 2017, there are 39 agreements with large Russian banks. Among them are only proven and reliable lenders located in every region of the country.
Conditions for obtaining concessional loans
Receipt state support small business is a responsible step towards the development of your own business. Loans on benefits have a number of restrictions that do not allow everyone to receive funds.
A potential borrower must meet the following criteria:
- annual turnover of no more than 800 million rubles;
- the firm has up to 100 employees;
- the company is registered in the territory of the Russian Federation;
- positive credit history;
- no debts to the state for tax payments and extra-budgetary funds;
- The company is not in danger of going bankrupt.
Credit incentives are available to all areas of the market, with the exception of the following:
- gambling area;
- associated with excisable goods;
- extraction and sale of minerals;
- credit companies;
- insurance companies;
- investment funds;
- non-state pension funds;
- pawnshops;
- brokers and other stock market participants.
Potential borrowers may include the following categories:
- legal entities (various associations, partnerships, farms and cooperatives).
Preferential business lending in Sberbank
Sberbank offers its customers several tariffs for concessional lending. Most attractive interest can be seen in the Entrepreneurship Incentive Program, in which the bank is a partner of the SME Corporation. You can see the conditions for issuing preferential loans at Sberbank in the table.
You can apply for.
Tariff name | % bid | Amount, rub. | Term |
SME Incentive Program | 10,6% | from 10 million to 1 billion | up to 3 years |
The trust () | 16,5 — 18,5% | from 100,000 to 3,000,000 | up to 3 children |
Express Overdraft | 15,5% | from 50,000 to 1,000,000 | up to 1 year |
Business Turnover | from 11.8% | from 150 000 | up to 3 years |
Business Invest | from 11.8% | from 150 000 | up to 10 years |
Such concessional loans to small businesses as "Trust" and "Express Overdraft" are provided without collateral. All you need is to prepare a package of documents and submit an application. "Business Turnover" and "Business Invest" have reduced interest rates, but you will need collateral for their registration.
Table of concessional lending in other banks
bank name and tariff plan | % bid | Amount, rub. | Term |
LOKO-Bank | |||
1. To replenish working capital | from 9.25 to 14.55% | from 300,000 to 150,000,000 | up to 3 years |
2. To replenish equipment | from 12.75 to 15.25% | from 300,000 to 150,000,000 | from 6 months to 5 years |
3. For the purchase of special vehicles and special equipment | from 10.55 to 15.25% | from 300,000 to 150,000,000 | from 6 months to 5 years |
4. Investment | from 9.45 to 13.75% | from 600,000 to 150,000,000 | from 6 months to 7 years |
5. For the purchase of real estate | from 9.25 to 14.75% | from 10 00 000 to 150 000 000 | up to 10 years |
Uralsib | |||
1. Business-Invest | from 13.1% | from 300,000 to 170,000,000 | from 6 months to 5 years |
2. Business Turnover | from 14.3% | from 500,000 to 170,000,000 | from 6 months to 3 years |
Promsvyazbank | |||
1. Credit-Business | from 13.7% | from 3,000,000 to 150,000,000 | up to 15 years |
2. Credit for credit | from 13.7% | from 1,000,000 to 150,000,000 | up to 3 years |
3. Everything is in business | 13.7% (fixed) | up to 5 000 000 | up to 5 years |
4. Simplified | from 13.7% | from 500,000 to 3,000,000 | up to 5 years |
VTB Bank of Moscow | |||
1. Business Perspective | from 11.5% | from 3,000,000 to 150,000,000 | up to 7 years |
2. Turnover | from 11.5% | from 1,000,000 to 150,000,000 | up to 2 years |
3. For business development | from 11.5% | up to 150,000,000 | up to 7 years |
4. Commercial mortgage | from 11.5% | from 1,000,000 to 150,000,000 | up to 7 years |
How is a personal loan different from a small business loan?
Credit products of banks can be issued by both individuals and legal entities. Only the types of loans for them will differ. The first can take a consumer loan for citizens, and the second - a loan for business. However, no one forbids the owner of the company to issue an ordinary consumer loan for himself, as an individual. Let's find out what is more profitable and easier to arrange.
In Russia, statistics show that interest on consumer loans is much higher than on loans for organizations. This is due, first of all, to the reliability of borrowers. The most risky among the latter are ordinary citizens and individual entrepreneurs, and not the owners of a well-established business.
At the same time, a consumer loan for a business does not have a purpose as such; you have the right to spend funds on buying a car, equipment for a company, or making repairs in an office. Most loans for legal entities have strictly special purpose. You will have to report to the bank on the expenditure of funds from the account and collect supporting documents, which is not always convenient.
It takes a little time to process a consumer loan for a small business, compared to a loan for an organization. In addition, the list of documents in the second case is quite voluminous. At the same time, legal entities can receive an amount of several hundred million, but banks do not provide citizens with such an opportunity.
The main differences between the two types of loans are shown in the table.
To choose which option to use, you need to consider for what purposes the money is needed and how much you would like to receive. If you are just starting your journey as a businessman and take funds to open your company, then it is better to take a consumer loan. You will save time and do not have to report to the bank for your expenses.
If you wish to receive a large sum and spend it solely on the needs of the company - fill out an application for a legal entity. In this case, the interest will be less and the term longer. If you want to spend money for personal purposes, it is better to apply for consumer loans.
Preferential assistance from the state
In addition to concessional lending, the state also offers owners of small businesses. They vary by region, so not all forms of assistance may be available to everyone. Information about the types of support in your area can be found on the information resources or in the local administration.
The main part of government assistance includes the following areas:
- amounts of money to start-up entrepreneurs provided through employment centers (in the form of an annual unemployment benefit);
- grants for the development of innovative projects;
- partial reimbursement of bank interest (the entrepreneur must pay the main debt on his own);
- reimbursement of interest on leasing;
- tax incentives (for example, tax holidays);
- training for new entrepreneurs on preferential terms (various business incubators);
- providing a workplace for rent at a low price;
- sale of state property on favorable terms;
- lawyer consulting;
- holding various fairs where entrepreneurs can present their own innovations.
How to get a soft loan
Getting bank benefits is an opportunity to save on interest that every businessman dreams of. However, the issuance of money under such conditions implies the existence of strict requirements for applicants for a loan.
The firm must meet the following selection criteria:
- at least 6 months have passed since the registration;
- break-even activity;
- absence of debts on taxes and contributions to off-budget funds;
- good credit history;
- no debts in other banks;
- the company is not involved in fraudulent transactions.
To receive funds on preferential terms, you will need to collect a list of documents:
- passport of the applicant (owner of the company);
- registration papers from the Federal Tax Service;
- founding documents;
- bail certificates;
- statements on existing settlement accounts in other banks;
- certificates of absence of debts to the budget;
- annual reporting or balance sheet for the quarter;
- tax return;
- business plan (if you are just starting your project).
To receive concessional loans, you need to choose one of the banks. If you are interested in assistance with state participation, then you should contact credit organizations that have signed agreements with the SME Corporation. Among this list there are 39 banks whose names are contained on the Corporation's website.
The procedure is a normal appeal to the bank. You collect a package of documents and wait for a decision. If your application is approved, the amount specified in the contract will be transferred to the account.
Interest rate
The SME Lending Incentive Program provides for an interest rate for firm owners of 10.6% per annum. It consists of the sum of the following indicators:
- 6,5% — annual interest on loans from the Bank of Russia for commercial banks;
- 0.1% - Corporation's commission for providing collateral from SMEs for commercial banks before the Central Bank of the Russian Federation;
- 4% - allowance for creditor banks (profit) for each borrower.
Credit programs offered by banks have more high interest, but their value does not exceed 18.5%. In general, the company receives money at 30% per annum, which has a rather strong effect on the final profit of the enterprise. Therefore, benefits from the state are an excellent source of financing, allowing you to make the necessary purchases.
Loan terms
State support at the head of the SME Corporation implies the issuance of funds for up to 3 years. This does not mean that the loan will be limited to this period. You can get funds even for 10 years, depending on the type of program and the policy of the bank. But at the same time, the period of state assistance will extend to a maximum of 3 years.
As soon as 36 months are over, you will start paying interest according to the loan agreement without any benefits. This condition does not apply to entrepreneurs who draw up funds directly from the bank. For the entire period of repayment of the debt, the clauses of the agreement will not change, and you will pay the same (initially agreed) payment.
Also, banks are ready to meet entrepreneurs, which is expressed in the preparation of an individual repayment schedule. In it, you can prescribe a delay in making the first payment. Accordingly, the due date for repayment of the debt will be postponed to a later time. During this period, you will be able to implement your business ideas and prepare the amount for the first installment.
From the table above, we can see which banks provide loans to businesses. Let's take a look at what entrepreneurs should pay attention to when looking for a bank. The main selection criteria are:
popularity of the bank (new banks are cautious in lending to businesses, and therefore offer inflated rates and various commissions. The larger the bank, the more loyal the conditions for receiving funds);
branching of credit programs (the more programs, the better. You can choose the target loan you are interested in on the most favorable terms);
commissions (some banks issue money with a commission, which on average takes up to 2% of the loan amount);
the possibility of early repayment (it is better to choose a bank where such a service is provided. There are also credit organizations that allow you to repay the loan ahead of schedule only after a certain time - from 3 months to 2 years. During this time you will overpay a lot);
soft loans ( big banks cooperate with the state and offer loans under low rates and long term)
the presence of a current account (if you already have an account with one of the banks, then you should apply for a loan here. You will have favorable conditions and benefits);
a list of documents (by choosing a bank that offers a simple package of papers for obtaining a loan, you will receive a high interest rate. Than complete list documents, the higher the probability of reducing interest to minimum level);
collateral (some banks require full collateral for the loan, others do without it. Keep in mind that the presence of collateral or guarantors makes you a more reliable borrower, and therefore there is a chance to get a large amount).
How to get a loan and what is needed for this
Now let's find out what it takes to get a loan. First, it is worth considering such a nuance: loans for medium-sized businesses are issued only to registered legal entities. The same applies to IP. If the opening of a business has not yet taken place, then this will become an obstacle to obtaining credit funds. Moreover, many banks only finance the business that was registered at least 3 months ago.
The procedure for obtaining bank loans for legal entities consists of the following steps:
choose a bank and decide where to get a loan;
we find out the terms of lending (you can read them on the website or contact the branch);
we collect a package of documents (for this you need to visit the tax office, a notary, collect all the papers regarding the pledge);
we submit an application (you can apply for a loan through the bank's website or directly at its branch. In the first case, it is enough to indicate a little information about your company, contact information and the desired conditions for the loan. Within some time, the operator will call you and inform you of a preliminary decision. If it is positive, then you need to visit a bank branch.When applying through an employee at a branch of a credit institution, you can immediately be informed of a preliminary answer);
then the procedure for evaluating your collateral is carried out (the specialist will find out the cost collateral and also evaluate the reliability of guarantors);
making a decision by the bank (the waiting period lasts from several hours to 2 weeks. It all depends on the amount you declared, the goals of lending and the policy of the bank. The latter will study your creditworthiness and may pay attention to your previous experience of repaying loans in another bank);
if the application is approved, the operator will call you and invite you to sign the documents;
then you need to read the terms of the contract, the repayment schedule, check and sign all necessary papers;
within a few days the amount will be transferred to your account, about which you will be notified by a bank employee.
After you receive the loan amount, the bank will periodically show interest in spending the funds if the loan was taken for a specific purpose. You will be required to provide supporting documentation for the duration of the contract.
The bank will also monitor the value of your collateral. Employees can organize a visit to the location of the property and check its integrity, as well as compliance with the conditions stated in the contract.
What documents are needed to get a business loan
Depending on the terms of lending, Russian banks may require various documents to obtain a loan. Some of them will relate to registration, which are necessary for the proper conduct of business, and some are financial reports, with the help of which the bank judges the reliability of the borrower.
The first block of documents includes the following:
taxpayer registration form with the Federal Tax Service (in the form of a certificate);
constituent documents certified by a notary;
card with samples of signatures and seals;
orders for the appointment of persons with access to operations on a credit account;
information about the branch network of the company;
activity licenses and patents.
balance sheet for the last reporting year;
balance sheet for the previous quarter;
certificates of transactions on settlement accounts opened with other banks (for a period of up to 1 year);
certificates of no debt to the state;
statements on existing loans in other banks (not all banks lend in the presence of existing debt).
Also, the specifics of the agreement with the bank may require the following documents to obtain a loan:
bail papers;
agreements you have signed with business partners;
business plan (if you want to get support for project financing).
General requirements for borrowers
By issuing loans to small businesses, the bank risks own funds. And taking into account the fact that considerable funds are provided, the bank may lose a significant part of its capital. To reduce the risks associated with bad faith borrowers, credit institutions impose a number of requirements on potential customers.
Banks that issue loans pay attention to following conditions:
the period of existence of the company (it cannot be less than 3 months, although many banks lend to legal entities registered no earlier than a year ago);
the company's activities do not cause losses (financial statements are carefully checked for this);
availability of collateral (it may be a pledge, surety of third parties or guarantees);
the absence of overdue debts in other banks and a good credit history;
the company is not involved in fraud;
the legal entity regularly pays taxes and contributions to off-budget funds;
if the loan is issued to an individual owner of the company, then his age at the time of completion of the contract should not exceed 70 years (some banks deviate from this rule);
the borrower is a resident, and the company is located in the region where the bank is located.
Which business is most often approved for a loan
Commercial banks lend to both start-up businesses and those registered a few years ago. Trends in the issuance of funds have not changed for a long time: there are several relevant areas that banks lend with great pleasure. So what kind of small business is given a loan?
Among the areas of lending are:
production (especially if you are engaged in high-demand machinery and equipment);
Agriculture(in this area there are also government programs, which are actively picked up by many large banks);
highly liquid sales (such a business pays off with high speed, which gives the bank hope for the return of the loan. Beverages, including alcohol, tea and coffee, are sold quickly and at the maximum margin. In this area, it is easy to get a loan for small businesses);
real estate (today this area is in high demand, and new housing is in great demand among the population. The construction of inexpensive housing with subsequent resale is a fairly common type of business);
socially significant projects (services for the population, for example, small kindergartens, schools, etc. The loan is issued for small businesses, mainly for individual entrepreneurs);
infrastructure development.
At the same time, there are oversaturated areas that are not suitable for a business from scratch, as banks are reluctant to lend to them. These include:
petty trade;
restaurants and cafes;
travel agencies and others.
When is a deposit required?
The conditions for obtaining loans for legal entities are often associated with collateral. It is not required in the following cases:
loan amount up to 3,000,000 rubles;
credit is issued for any purpose;
loan term - from several months to 1 year.
If you want to get a loan on the most favorable terms and even for a large amount, then collateral in the form of collateral will become prerequisite when applying. A deposit will also be required in the following situations:
acquisition of property, which you can dispose of only after paying off the loan (you buy an object, which becomes collateral);
for any type of targeted lending (for working capital, real estate, transport, equipment, etc.);
long-term lending (programs for up to 20 years are not issued without collateral);
state-supported loan.
If you want the application to have a high chance of being approved, then it is better to provide the bank with a deposit. Moreover, its amount can be from 70% of the cost of the loan. An accurate assessment of your property is made by a specialist on the date of taking the loan and periodically during the validity of the agreement with the bank.
The pledge can be:
movable and real estate(buildings, cars, plots of land);
machinery and equipment;
securities;
deposits;
goods and stocks of the company;
property rights And so on.
Average interest rates and what they depend on
In 2017, interest rates on loans for legal entities in different banks vary from 10 to 30%. They depend on a large number of indicators, as well as the policy pursued by the credit institution. The main criteria that affect the rate are as follows:
credit amount;
loan terms;
payment currency;
availability of collateral;
company size;
industry in which the legal entity is engaged;
participation of the state in business support;
financial performance of the borrower;
creditworthiness of the debtor;
previous lending experience legal entity;
the presence of a current account in the creditor bank;
the current situation in the country.
Most low interest offered to large and reliable companies who have extensive experience in repaying loans on time. The state can allocate funds to support businesses, and if it cooperates with a bank, then you are entitled to receive an interest rate of 9.6%. For individual entrepreneurs, the rates will be slightly higher, since this category of borrowers poses high risks for banks.
Having a deposit also greatly simplifies and speeds up the approval process. loan application for LLC and other forms of business. In this case, you can get a loan at an attractive interest rate. The property is transferred to the bank, which means that if you are unable to repay the debt, the credit institution will sell the pledge and return its funds.
Average loan terms for small and medium-sized businesses
All types of business loans are issued for a certain period of time:
up to 12 months (short-term lending);
from 1 to 5 years (medium term);
up to 15 years (Long-term).
The most relevant term for providing financing to small businesses is a period of up to 3 years. For large companies, the bank can issue large amounts for 5 years. The higher the period, the more risks bank associated with the loss of funds.
Medium-term loans are targeted and are issued for:
purchase of working capital;
for business development;
investment projects And so on.
You have the right to reduce the loan term if the terms of the agreement with the bank allow it. If there is a financial opportunity, then you can return the funds earlier without overpaying the loan. Some banks have developed a system of fees and penalties for early repayment. This point should be immediately clarified when choosing a bank. The latter does not want to lose his profit, and therefore tries in every possible way to limit the client's freedom of action in relation to borrowed funds.
What to do if you are denied a loan
The refusal of a bank to obtain a loan for a business is a common situation. Moreover, often banks are silent about the reasons for such an action, which is due to the regulations of their work. If your application was not approved by a credit institution, this is a reason to think about what nuances were not taken into account in the procedure for processing funds.
Which bank gives a loan without refusal? There is no unequivocal answer to it, since each bank has its own policy, work regulations, and no one has canceled human errors.
In case of refusal, it is recommended to wait a while and start your own business in order to subsequently apply re-application(possibly to another bank). Reviews of numerous bank customers say that you should be more careful about the preparation process before applying for a loan.
Don't forget to consider the following points:
collect a package of documents in a complete set (the papers must be properly certified with the necessary signatures and seals. If the bank requires originals, then copies will not work. Certificates have their own expiration date, which is better to check with the credit institution in advance. Also, do not neglect the form with credit history, which will tell a lot about you to the bank);
provide high-quality collateral for the loan (if you involve guarantors, then the bank should not doubt their solvency. These persons must also provide the maximum possible package of documents and, most importantly, confirm their own financial solvency. It would be better if the value of the collateral provided exceeds the declared amount on the loan. So the bank will have more confidence in the return of its own funds);
do not apply for a loan by proxy through third parties and specialized firms. Banks treat these categories of borrowers with caution and prefer to deal with the first persons of the company;
give Special attention financial reporting firms (put all the papers in order, the bank should not have suspicions about their authenticity)
When applying for a loan, study the conditions of the bank in advance. Perhaps they stipulate the nuances under which your company does not fall as a borrower, and this will become a 100% refusal to issue money. And remember that any refusal to grant bank loans (even through no fault of your own) is reflected in your credit history, which may cause banks to be unwilling to cooperate with you. Therefore, after the refusal, you should not immediately visit many banks, it is enough to wait for a while.
Hello, dear readers of the business magazine "site"! In this article, we will tell you how to get a loan to start and develop a small business from scratch and where you can get an unsecured loan for your business.
It's no secret that creating and developing your own business requires a lot of money. But entrepreneurs do not always have enough funds. Most of them have to be content with what they have.
However, there is always a way out.. In case of insufficient funds, they may become business loan processing . It is this topic that our today's publication is devoted to.
After reading the presented article from beginning to end, you will learn:
- What are the features of lending to small and medium-sized businesses;
- What do you need to get a loan to start a business from scratch;
- What steps do you need to go through to get a loan for small business development.
At the end of the article, we will try to answer the most popular questions about business loans.
The presented publication will be useful to those entrepreneurs who plan to apply for a business loan. It will not be superfluous to carefully read the article for those who are fond of finance. As they say, time is money . So don't lose it start reading right now!
About what kind of loans for opening / developing a business are, how to get a loan for small and medium-sized businesses from scratch and where you can get a loan for business purposes without collateral - read in this issue
1. Loans to small and medium-sized businesses - opening and developing your own business using borrowed funds
Getting a business loan can be tricky. It is even more difficult to get money to open a small or medium business.
It's important to understand that most banks are suspicious of entrepreneurs and start-ups. This is especially true for those businessmen who cannot provide serious evidence of their own solvency.
It is quite possible to understand creditors. The bank is not a charitable organization, so it is important for it to be sure that the money issued on credit will be returned in a timely manner. The easiest way to get a loan is for those businessmen who have been successfully operating for a long time.
There are several ways to get business start up loan . However, for their design the borrower must meet certain criteria. Often the conditions for novice businessmen are quite tough. All of them are designed to guarantee the bank timely repayment of debt.
Credit organizations They offer small businesses a wide variety of programs. However, most of them do not want to cooperate with entrepreneurs and individuals. Creating a business from scratch is always associated with high risks . Lenders are unwilling to take them upon themselves.
Often created business projects are unprofitable. If this happens, there will be no one to repay the debts.
Small business lending banks often take the following steps to mitigate their own risks:
- requirement of additional security in the form of a guarantor or pledge;
- registration of an insurance policy;
- increase in the rate on the loan;
- require the submission of a detailed business plan if they wish to open a new business;
- develop loan programs with a large number of additional restrictions and conditions;
- careful study of information about the future borrower.
If the business has been operating for several years, it will be easier to get money in debt.
There are special credit programs with state support , which are designed for those who do business in an area that is beneficial to the government.
For example, there are programs for creating production on Far East or the Far North.
If a novice businessman lacks a small amount to start a business, it is often easier and more profitable to issue untargeted consumer loan . In this case, you will have to prove your solvency as an individual.
If you want to apply for a business loan, a credit institution in without fail specifies the purpose of receiving funds.
Most often, the following business tasks are used as the purpose of lending:
- purchase of additional or improved equipment;
- acquisition of patents and licenses.
Banks are not willing to issue loans for all purposes. They prefer to issue loans exclusively for financially promising tasks.
The loan repayment period is determined individually depending on the tasks that are supposed to be solved using the money received:
- If the purpose of obtaining a loan is to increase working capital, the repayment period is usually does not exceed 1 year ;
- If a loan is issued for the purchase of equipment or the opening of new branches, the loan is usually repaid 3 to 5 years .
Novice businessmen should be prepared that they may need to provide proof of solvency pledge . Typically used as collateral liquid valuable property.
Most often, banks accept as collateral:
- real estate;
- vehicles;
- equipment;
- securities.
Other property that is in demand on the market can also be provided as security.
In addition to the availability of high-quality collateral, banks take into account the following criteria:
- Having a good credit history. Malicious violators of credit agreements are unlikely to succeed in obtaining a large loan;
- Financial indicators are taken into account when applying for loans by operating organizations;
- Availability and quality of business reputation;
- The place that the company occupies in the market, as well as its position in the industry;
- Quantity and quality of fixed assets. Other components of the material and technical base of the business are also considered.
All of the above requirements make it much more difficult for companies and entrepreneurs to apply for a loan.
It is far from always possible for businessmen to independently choose a suitable loan program and cope with all the requirements of the bank. If such a situation arises, it makes sense to contact credit brokers .
These companies help in obtaining loans. But you have to be very careful and do not transfer funds before the loan is issued. There are many scammers among brokers.
Popular types of loans for small and medium businesses
2. What are business loans - 5 main types of loans
Selecting the type of loan for SMEs should be based on the unique characteristics of a particular activity.
It is important to take into account that there are a number of cases when it is more expedient for novice businessmen to use consumer programs non-targeted lending to individuals. Having issued such a loan, citizens have the right spend the funds at your discretion.
Do not forget that there are several types of business loans. The most popular are described below.
Type 1. Traditional loan
Classic business loans are issued for the following purposes:
- if you want to work for yourself and open your own business;
- for the development of an existing business;
- to increase working capital;
- for the purchase of equipment and other fixed assets.
By special purpose loans designed to implement certain business tasks, the rate in most cases turns out to be approximately by 1.5 -3% below ↓. It is determined by the chosen lender, as well as by the program.
The average market rate is about 15 % . In most cases, when providing security, it can be significantly reduced. The size of a traditional business loan is determined borrower's goals, as well as the selected program. The range in this case can be very large.
Banks offer both small loans in the amount of only a few million, and large loans in the amount of several tens of millions. At the same time, the entrepreneur will be able to take a smaller amount than companies of medium and large businesses. .
Type 2. Overdraft
This loan can be obtained from the bank by the owners of card and current accounts. Most often, overdraft is used by medium and large organizations.
Overdraft is a type of loan that provides the borrower the ability to withdraw money from the account in an amount exceeding its balance. For the use of funds in excess of those placed on the account, its owner is forced to pay interest.
This service allows companies to liquidate cash gaps . They represent situations when the money in the account owned by the organization is not enough to fulfill the current financial obligations. After receipt of funds from debtors to the borrower's account, they go to repay the resulting debt.
The overdraft interest rate is determined by a huge number of criteria:
- the amount of turnover on the account;
- the degree of trust of the bank to the borrower;
- term of service in a particular credit institution, etc.
On average, the market rate varies within from 12 to 18% per annum . An important feature of an overdraft is no need to provide security in the form of collateral or guarantors.
Type 3. Credit line
Credit line is a loan that is not disbursed immediately in full, but in small installments. In this case, the businessman borrows money at regular intervals.
The credit line is convenient for the client in that he can use only the part of the loan that he needs for this moment. At the same time, loan costs will be optimized, since interest is calculated only on the basis of current debt.
An important concept when studying the issue of providing a line of credit is tranche . It is a part of the funds that is issued at a time.
An important condition is that the total amount of debt at any given time must not exceed total credit line limit.
In accordance with the agreement, tranches can be provided to the client at regular intervals or as needed. In the latter case, the borrower must write an application for a part of the loan.
Type 4. Bank guarantee
In fact, bank guarantee You can call it a loan only with a little stretch.
It is much more accurate to speak of it as on the type of guarantee, as well as the type of insurance against the risks of non-fulfillment of obligations. If such a situation occurs, the customer's expenses will be compensated by a bank guarantee.
It is most often used in the field public procurement, as well as tenders. Here, the guarantee acts as a guarantee of the fulfillment of obligations under the concluded state contracts.
It is important to carefully study the basic concepts, as well as the principles of operation. bank guarantee.
There are 3 parties involved in this transaction:
- The guarantor of the transaction is most often the bank. It is he who assumes the fulfillment of obligations in case of violation of the terms of the contract;
- The principal is the contractor under the contract. A bank guarantee is concluded in case of default by this particular person;
- The beneficiary is the customer under the contract. He must be sure that the implementation of the agreement will be carried out in full.
Knowing which parties are involved in the conclusion of a bank guarantee, easy to understand the mechanism of its action:
- The beneficiary and the principal enter into a contract with each other. The customer (beneficiary) at the same time requires to guarantee that it will be executed timely and in full. Such confidence is especially important when concluding government contracts, as well as orders for the performance of large volumes of work or the supply of large consignments of goods.
- To prove their reliability, as well as to insure risks, the contractor provides the customer with a guarantee for the amount of the contract. If for any reason he cannot fulfill his obligations, the bank will pay the customer cash.
However, the bank will not remain at a loss. For receiving a bank guarantee, the principal pays the guarantor a certain commission . Moreover, after the payment of funds to the beneficiary, the guarantor has the right to claim this amount from the principal.
Type 5. Specific loans
In addition to the types of loans discussed above, there are specific types of business loans. These usually include factoring and leasing.
1) Factoring
Factoring is similarity commodity credit , which is provided to businesses by banks or specialized companies.
The factoring scheme looks simple:
- The buyer receives from the seller the goods necessary for doing business ( eg, raw materials and equipment).
- A credit institution (bank or factoring company) pays the invoice for the buyer.
- Subsequently, the lender gradually receives the money back from the buyer.
The benefits of factoring are obvious to all 3 parties:
- Customer can purchase the goods he needs without waiting for a sufficient amount to be accumulated.
- Salesman immediately receives funds without the need to provide installments.
- Bank or factoring company for the provision of funds receive income in the form of percent. In some cases, the rate under the factoring agreement is not provided. In this case, the seller gives the bank a discount on the price. The creditor receives from the buyer the cost of the goods in full.
It should be borne in mind that factoring refers to short-term loans. It will have to be paid back much faster than traditional loans. Typically, the term under the contract does not exceed six months..
The buyer does not always know that the right to claim a debt from him has been assigned to a third party. He may think that the store provided him with the goods in installments. In this case, one speaks of private factoring. If the counterparties act openly (agreed on all the terms of the transaction), there is open factoring.
2) Leasing
A competently and professionally drawn up document helps to determine the further business development strategy. Without it, it is difficult to determine what the costs and revenues will be, which means whether the business will be profitable.
It is the business plan that reflects how it is planned to use the money received on credit from the bank.
But do not forget that a business plan is a document consisting of several dozen pages. Naturally, bank employees do not have enough time to study such a document. Therefore, for obtaining a loan, they provide a short version, which contains no more than 10 pages .
By strictly following the conditions described above, the borrower can significantly increase the likelihood of a positive decision on the loan application.
4. What are the features of small business loans without collateral and guarantors - important nuances of unsecured loans
In the struggle for customers, banks often simplify lending conditions. Today you can get a loan for a business from scratch without collateral or guarantors.
Unsecured loans for small businesses
Such loans are traditionally used to solve various problems:
- previously issued loan;
- increasing working capital;
- acquisition of fixed assets;
- repayment of accounts payable.
It is important to carefully study all the features of lending to small businesses without collateral and guarantors.
It is worth paying attention to the advantages of unsecured loans for small businesses:
- high speed of registration, and hence the receipt of money;
- drawing up an individual repayment schedule that will take into account the characteristics of the activity;
- the possibility of receiving funds in a form convenient for a businessman - in cash, in foreign currency, non-cash transfer according to the given details.
It is important to keep in mind that the bank carefully examines the submitted documents before issuing a loan. This process takes place individually for each case. During the analysis, bank employees seek to evaluate solvency of the borrower in order to obtain guarantees for the return of loans issued.
When applying for a loan without providing collateral, the debt repayment guarantee is:
- reputation of the borrower;
- business development prospects;
- the amount of expected profit.
It turns out that one side the procedure for applying for a loan without providing collateral is greatly simplified.
However on the other hand , the probability of obtaining a positive decision on the application is significantly reduced↓. This is especially true for a newly created or planned business.
The increase in the number of failures is simply explained - for the lender, the risk of non-return when issuing funds to start-up entrepreneurs increases significantly ⇑.
That is why, when developing programs for issuing loans to businesses without the use of collateral, lenders in most cases significantly tighten their conditions.
Business loans without collateral and guarantors are characterized by the following parameters:
- Minimum return periods - you will have to fulfill obligations under the contract very quickly;
- Limited loan amount - to receive a sufficiently large amount without providing additional guarantees in the form of security, is unlikely to succeed. In most cases, it is possible to get without collateral and guarantors no more 1 million rubles;
- Increasing stakes compared to loans secured and guaranteed. Often they reach 25 % per annum.
Naturally, such conditions are disadvantageous for entrepreneurs. Often, businessmen decide in such a situation to turn to credit brokers who promise to find the most favorable conditions.
But do not forget that there are many scammers operating in the field of brokerage organizations. Therefore, payment for their services should be made only after the loan is issued.
By providing loans without collateral, banks run the risk of not only not receiving the planned income, but also completely losing the funds issued. That is why they are tightening lending conditions. As a result, many businessmen refuse to apply for a loan without collateral.
In most cases, novice businessmen still have to decide on secured loan . They also provide guarantees. There are several reasons for this: more loyal requirements for the borrower himself, less stringent conditions for providing money, etc.
However, in this case, the registration procedure becomes more complicated, because you will have to additionally submit documents confirming the ownership of the collateral. If you plan to borrow money under the guarantee of third parties, you will also have to prepare its documents.
The main stages of obtaining a loan for opening / developing a small business
5. How to get / take a loan to open and develop a small business from scratch - 7 main stages of registration
Getting a business loan is not an easy task. First of all, you need to familiarize yourself with requirements imposed by banks on applicants:
- the presence of a stable profit over a certain period of time;
- drawing up a high-quality business plan;
- possession of liquid expensive property;
- net credit reputation;
- finding a business within the territory of the banking product;
- Opening a current account in the bank for issuing a loan.
The list provided is far from complete. Each credit institution independently develops the conditions for obtaining loans.
Take note! Banks always have a negative attitude towards businessmen who have had a bad experience in organizing their own business in the past.
At the same time, successful business for a long period can be a significant plus when applying for a loan.
Reasons for rejection of a loan application may include:
- seizure of property owned by business and management;
- debts on tax and other payments;
- open court cases in which the applicant is involved.
It turns out that the process of obtaining a loan is a rather complicated procedure. To facilitate their task, beginners should carefully study the following instruction compiled by professionals.
Accurate execution of the steps described below allows you to increase the likelihood of a positive decision on the application, as well as avoid a huge number of popular errors.
Stage 1. Preparation of a business plan
Very few lenders decide to lend to entrepreneurs and companies without knowing business plan. This is typical not only for established organizations, but also for the development of existing ones.
Business plan is a document that defines the strategy and tactics for further business development.
To compile it, several types of analysis are carried out - manufacturing, financial, as well as technological. At the same time, the characteristics of not only the current activities of the company, but also the future results of the project are studied.
It is important to calculate all the income and expenses arising in the process of its implementation, as well as the increase in production volumes. The business plan is designed to show the lender exactly where his money will go. .
A competently and professionally drawn up document includes a huge number of pages. Naturally, when studying a loan application, bank employees do not have enough time to study the business plan in full.
Therefore, for these purposes, it will be necessary to additionally draw up an abbreviated version of the document, which contains no more than 10 pages .
Stage 2. Choosing the direction of development
Recently, a popular way to develop or organize a business has become the use of franchises . It is a ready-made model for building activities, which is provided to the entrepreneur by a well-known brand that has already become quite popular. More information about in our special publication.
Franchise can significantly raise chances for application approval . Banks are more loyal to projects built on its principles, because the probability of success in this case is higher.
At the same time, when deciding to open their own, unknown business, creditors are skeptical about the submitted application. In such a situation, no one can guarantee success.
The presence of a licensed franchise agreement fundamentally changes the matter. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that most companies that provide their brand for use are partners of a particular credit institution. It is to her that you should apply for a loan.
Stage 3. Activity registration
Any organization must be properly registered with government bodies. If the company is just opening, you will have to go through this procedure.
First of all, it should choose the optimal taxation system . To do this, you will have to study a significant amount of relevant information or contact a professional accountant.
After that, with the relevant documents, you will have to go to tax office. Upon completion of the company registration procedure, the entrepreneur is issued with an appropriate certificate .
Stage 4. Bank selection
The choice of a credit institution is major step on the way to getting a loan. The number of banks that lend money for the creation and development of business is huge. Most of them offer several programs that have their own conditions and features.
In such a situation, it is not easy to choose a bank. The task can be facilitated by evaluating credit institutions according to a number of characteristics offered by specialists.
The criteria for choosing a bank for obtaining a business loan are as follows:
- duration of the period of conducting activities in the financial market;
- offering several programs at once, suitable for various categories of borrowers;
- reviews of real customers who used the services of the bank in question;
- conditions of offers of a credit institution - rate, availability and size of various commissions, term and amount of the loan.
Professionals recommend arrange loans in large serious banks. It is important to branches and ATMs were located within walking distance for the borrower. Equally important is the availability and effectiveness online banking.
Stage 5. Program selection and application
When the bank is selected, you can begin to analyze the programs it offers. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that they may differ not only in conditions, but also in requirements for the borrower or collateral.
When the program is selected, it remains to submit application . Today, for this it is not necessary to go to the bank office. Most credit institutions offer to send it in mode online . It is enough to fill out a short questionnaire on the site and click the button "Send".
After consideration of the application by the bank employees, the client receives preliminary decision. If approved, you will be left with the documents to visit the bank branch.
After a conversation with the applicant and consideration of the original documents, a decision will be made final decision.
The convenience of applying via the Internet lies in the ability to contact several banks at once. In this case, you can save a lot of time.
In case of refusal in one bank waiting for someone else's answer.
If approval is received from several creditors, It remains to choose the most suitable among them.
Stage 6. Preparation of a package of documents
In fact, experts advise in advance prepare Required documents, especially those that require everywhere. Of course, each creditor independently draws up a corresponding list. However, there is a standard list of documents.
The package always includes 2 groups of documents:
- Entrepreneur's documents , as well as the guarantor as an individual. These include passport, second document, proving the identity. In some cases it is also required income statement.
- Business documents – founding, business plan, balance sheet or other financial documents. May be required if available franchise agreement. If a bond is issued, you will have to present ownership documents for the relevant property.
The more documents a future borrower manages to collect, the higher the probability of a positive decision.
Stage 7. Making an initial contribution and obtaining borrowed funds
Often, business loans are issued only on condition that down payment . This primarily applies to loans for the purchase of real estate, Vehicle and expensive equipment.
This step should, if necessary, make a down payment and obtain relevant supporting documents.
For self-calculation of the loan, we suggest using:
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