Tip 1: How to define the passive and balance of the balance

Instruction

First of all you should know the asset and passive. Active is the property that belongs to a legal entity. This includes fixed assets (buildings, transport, equipment, etc.), finished products, materials, financial investments and other. - These are the sources, at the expense of which the assets of the organization are formed. This includes a trade markup, depreciation of fixed assets and intangible assets, borrowed funds and more. Note that some accounts can be actively passive, that is, they can give both profits and loss. These accounts include "calculations with suppliers", "taxes on taxes" and others.

Carefully analyze the operation. Active accounts include what income benefits; To passive - what entails the flow of some resources. Suppose you depreciate the main tool. In accounting, reflect this with wiring: D20-K02. Account 20 "Basic Production" is an active account, in the balance sheet, it is taken into account in the second section "Current assets" on the line "stocks". Account 02 "Depreciation of fixed assets" - passive. The amount of depreciation is indicated in the annex to and the report on profit and loss.

If you doubt the passivity or account activity, you can use the chart of accounts. In some publications or programs (for example, 1C), the type of name is specified.

To check whether you reflected business operations correctly, form an accounting balance. The asset and passive should be equal if you are the final amounts diverge, you reflected something wrong. This is valid for the principle of driving a double record, on which all accounting is based. Once again, check the correctness of the operations and form the balance again.

Sources:

• passive asset account
• Analysis of the structure of assets and liabilities of an accounting balance

Instruction

If there are no numerical values \u200b\u200bof obligations, assets, costs, incomes and other indicators, then cells are missing, or lines are not listed at all in the forms that the company develops independently.

If some indicators are very significant and needed to evaluate the financial results of the enterprise by interested users, they are brought apart. Inssentual indicators can be summarized. Their structure is disclosed in an explanatory note.

When completing the obligation and assets, it is necessary to divide for long-term short-term. Long-term is considered obligations and assets of maturity (circulation) more than 12 months from the date of the reporting date or more of the enterprise's operational cycle, if it is longer than 12 months.

Filling order:
In 3 column, specify the data at the beginning of the reporting period. They are taken from 4 counts of the accounting balance of the previous annual report.
Section I. non-current assets
In line 110-112, specify the residual value of intangible assets for which the total cost of intangible assets related to the residential is charged. When filling out these lines, follow the form number 5.
In strings 120-122, make data on the fixed assets that are valid and preserved. Calculate wear by single depreciation norms. Here reflect the cap. investments. Labor means include basic assets in accordance with the value of the value of the subjects established on January 1, 1996. Deciphering OS lead in form number 5.
In 130 string, make the cost of everything unfinished. Guide by order of IFR No. 130 dated 19.12. 95 g.; PBU №160 from 30.12.93g; PBU № 167 dated December 20, 94
In the "Long-term" section (line 140), reflect investments in securities and the authorized capital of other organizations.
In II (current assets) information is made about all means embedded in the production, which for the year or the operating cycle should contact. In III, the section is made information about the liabilities of the enterprise. In IV and V sections reflect long-term and short-term liabilities, that is, the accounts payable.

On the off-balance accounts reflects the cost of values \u200b\u200bthat the company uses temporarily.

Checking the correctness of filling out form №1:
1. The amounts of assets (II II sections) and liabilities (III, IV and V sections) must be equal.

2. Own funds must be greater than the value of non-current assets.

3. The total amount of working capital should be larger than the amount of borrowed funds.

In the preparation of the balance of the enterprise, all business records are considered either to y or to a liability. If the sums in the final line coincide, it means that there are no errors in the calculations and it is possible on the basis of the resulting data to prepare reporting documents.

"What is the principal difference of an asset from liability?" - The question that does not leave the future economists, as well as those who plan to figure out all the nuances of accounting and financial accounting. And the sign of equality between the two columns of the balance makes some confusion. Indeed, so it turns out?

The structure of the balance includes several sections: 2 of them are recorded in its left part, the rest - in the right. In the Active column, revocable (cash, reserves, receivables, short-term investments) and non-current (fixed assets, intangible assets, long-term investments, improved construction) means of organization are reflected in the column. Here is recorded property that is at the disposal of the enterprise. It is possible to determine its belonging to assets for a number of signs:
- There is a possibility of disposal of funds;
- Property promises obtaining benefits in the future period;
- The organization has the right to use material values.

Passion include assessment of property:
- Capital;
- borrowed capital.
Own capital belongs to the enterprise and affects the formation of some assets. And the funds involved in the organization for conducting activities, depending on the term of use, equal to short-term and long-term liabilities. They form borrowed capital and must be returned in accordance with the Treaty.

Thus, the amount of the enterprise property is always equal to sources of its formation. After all, if the organization received a bank loan, funds are sent to the acquisition of material values. As a result, the asset (value of the acquired property) is equal to the liability (amount of bank loan). For not provided by the balance of values, off-balance accounts are applied.

Almost everyone worries the correctness of filling the balance of the organization's activities. Everyone knows that there are certain dependencies in the accounting documentation for which you can check the correctness of the calculations.

Instruction

On the Internet you can find various sources of the required information: so at http://mvf.klerk.ru/f1otchet/vzaimouv.htm there is a table into which all the dependences of the filled data are reduced. Accounting indicators have dependencies with indicators of the "Change Changes Report". For example, line 430, column 3 of the balance must converge with the line of the report on January 1 of the reporting year, Count 5; As well as line 470, a graph of 4 balances - with a string "The remainder as of December 31 of the reporting year" of the report, graph 6.

Balance indicators also have dependencies with the data of the cash flow report. Row 260, column 3 of the balance corresponds to the line of the report "The balance of cash at the beginning of the reporting year", Count 3; As well as line 260, a graph 4 of the balance sheet "The balance of cash at the end of the reporting year", Count 3.

Indicators can also be compared with data from "Annex" to "Accounting Balance". Row 110, column 4 of the balance must correspond to the total amount of the initial value of all types of intangible assets by column 6 minus the total amount of accrued depreciation by column 4 ("Intangible assets" section).

The figure that is obtained by subtracting: line 216 (graph 3) minus line 216 (graph 4) of the balance must match the string "Change of residues (increase (+), a decrease in (-)) of expenses of future periods" from the section "Costs on ordinary species Activity »(Graph 3).

Asset and in accounting is the first and second part of the accounting balance. The totality of the results collected into a single list in the form of a table with two sides is called the balance sheet.

This table shows the number of economic funds and their key of education in the money price for a certain period. In active accounts of accounting, the available means are visible, and the balance on the active account shows how funds are distributed, that is, where they are directed.

On passive accounts, sources of education of economic funds are visible. Remains on passive accounts show how funds appeared. Be sure to remember that in accounting, assets and liabilities are the same money, only divided into different groups. So, the amount of assets will always be equal to the amount of liabilities. The entire amount of assets (or liabilities) is the "balance of balance", but this term has nothing to do with the currency of other countries and serves only to determine the volume of economic activity of this or that firm. At any time, looking at, you can get information about its monetary position. He also shows the estate of the organization on the day of the balance. The balance sheet has two parts. In the first part, property is represented by the division of education cells - these are liasses, and in the second part of the property is presented by species, alignment and number of elements are assets.

Some people believe that the accounting case is very complex and incomprehensible. To some extent, this is true, because a large proportion of the accounting profession is difficult instructions on which specific accounting accounts and in what sequence should be taken into account any work.

Sources:

• accounting asset passive