Euro designation. See what the "Euro Symbol" is in other dictionaries. Common Economic and Monetary Space

The euro appeared in history as a means of payment for the countries of the eurozone. These are 19 participating countries, nine states where the euro is recognized as the national currency, seven of them are located directly in Europe. The last nine countries cannot influence the monetary policy of the ECB. In total, the euro is used by a population of 320 million people and, in terms of the total volume of all cash in circulation, is even ahead of the US dollar. Counting everything, the history of the euro has placed it as the most important currency in the world. As of autumn 2013, the euro in cash amounted to €951 billion.

From the first day of 1999, the history of the emergence of the euro started (about the history of the emergence of money in general,), but it was only a non-cash form. Exactly three years later, in 2002, it was launched in cash. It became a direct replacement for the former currency of Europe, the ECU, which was in use until 1998. The exchange rate between them was 1:1.

From the beginning of history, the Council of European Central Banks, more precisely the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) has been called upon to monitor the issuance of banknotes and coins, to conduct all operations that support the euro as the single currency of the EU, and to decide all the main issues regarding the exchange rate, issue and circulation of the currency. The full head of the system is the Central Bank of Europe, independent of any structures. It is he who has full rights to accept and implement all issues of the euro and its history. The center of the entire banking system is located in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, where the main office of the ECB is located and all the most important decisions are made.

Actually, all members of the European Union can enter the eurozone, subject to full compliance with special criteria. They define convergence criteria and macroeconomic indicators, on the basis of which only the ECB makes the final decision on the inclusion of a state in the eurozone. In fact, any country must go a long way to be included in the eurozone, to enter itself into the history of the creation of the euro and the common economic space. In addition, spend two years under strict supervision, during which the exchange rate of the national currency is regulated. Yet the final step is full integration into the European Union.

To understand the volume and importance of the euro as a world currency, you can pay attention to the data on the interbank circulation of the euro. So for the year since May 2013, the euro has risen to a level slightly above 30%. For comparison, the share of the US dollar is 42%.

Banknotes

One euro is divided into one hundred cents. Eurozone cents do not have their own determinant, so the history of the euro currency has defined them simply as hundredths of a euro. They are sometimes referred to as euro cents for clarity. Coins are issued in denominations of 0.01€, 0.02€, 0.05€, 0.1€, 0.2€, 0.5€. In addition, 1€ and 2€ coins are minted.

It should be noted that not only the ECB, but also the National Banks of the EU countries can issue cash. If banknotes are issued in a single format, then the history of the creation of euro coins allows each state to make an individual design, but only for the reverse. The reverse of the coins is determined by a pattern with national motifs and history, and the denomination and image are strictly declared on the front. Some states simply do not mint unused moments of the lowest denominations of 1 and 2 euro cents. For example, in Austria, prices are not adjusted and one cents are in demand, but in the rest of the EU, pricing is most often done in such a way as to completely eliminate the need to use small denominations.

Regardless of the location and subordination of the mint that minted the coin, and what pattern it has on the reverse side, it still remains in use everywhere.

Euro banknotes have a single format, and therefore they are issued by all Central Banks in the same way. The 200€ and 500€ banknotes are limited edition. This can be explained by the history of the growth of the euro, in a short time after the appearance they became redundant due to the inappropriateness of their use in cash. They are printed by only a limited number of banks, but such denominations are recognized throughout the eurozone. The remaining banknotes (5, 10, 20, 50, 100 euros) are used everywhere in the eurozone states that have recognized the euro as their legal tender.

All denominations differ in design and color, size, starting from a denomination of 1 € 120x62 mm, gradually increasing to 160x82 mm for a denomination of 500 €. The color scheme when listing the entire range of denominations is as follows: gray, red, blue, orange, green, yellow-brown, purple. Also, the design style changes, reflecting the history of the euro, and depicts: Antiquity, Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque and Rococo, Industrial era, Modernity.

The final design has changed several times and is still updated with some details. For example, according to the statement of the Central Bank of Bulgaria, the Cyrillic spelling "Euro" will now be indicated on banknotes. In addition, banknotes that have lost their appearance and strength are being replaced, and new security systems are being introduced to prevent the spread of fakes.

Euro symbol (€)

The euro symbol and its appearance are somewhat overshadowed by ambiguities in the history of creation and adoption. According to the official version, the euro symbol was developed by a group of four experts. The option was chosen from many others received in the course of social surveys and proposals. The symbol is based on the letter of the Greek alphabet epsilon, which is credited with the symbolism of reliability and stability in combination with two parallel lines. It is stron that the names of the four experts who are credited with creating the symbol are not disclosed or published. At the same time, the right to authorship of the symbol is disputed by Arthur Eisenmenger, according to whom, he is the author of the symbol, and he is, first of all, a common symbol of all of Europe and its history.

The logo was standardized simultaneously with the emergence of the euro, has strict proportions and image rules that define all the characteristics, angles and shapes of the symbol. At the same time, the exact image is actually preserved only on banknotes and official designations. In various fonts available to the general user, the symbol is redrawn only in approximation. The letter “c” is taken as the basis with a double strikethrough, moreover, not always straight lines.

On banknotes, in addition to the symbol, there is an encoded serial number, the first letter of which determines the country of issue.

Launch into circulation

The history of the euro currency began in 1999, when it appeared for cashless payments. It took three years to prepare a plan and take measures to introduce cash and issue currency in the required volume. In 2002, two whole months (January and February) were allocated, during which the population had to convert all cash in the previous national currencies into euros at the established rates. After that, only the euro became the main legal tender, and the previous units of account lost such a status in history.

A total of 12 countries initially joined the eurozone, as well as several countries in which the euro naturally became legal tender simply due to the close connection of the local currency with the EU member states.

It is noteworthy that even at the very beginning of the history of the creation of the euro, England and the Kingdom of Denmark refused to switch to a single currency by default, trying to preserve their national banknotes. In Denmark, a referendum was held among the population, according to the results of which the majority was against the introduction of the euro. In addition, by means of a referendum, the people did not allow Sweden to give up its crown.

After 2002, new countries joined the Eurozone, increasing the total number of participants in the history of the euro to 29, including those countries that are not officially members of the European Union, but still use the euro. New eurozone members were added in 2007 (Slovenia), 2008 (Cyprus, Malta), 2009 (Slovakia), 2011 (Estonia), 2014 (Latvia) and finally Lithuania joined in 2015.

In the future, the history of the spread of the euro will receive an impetus only in 2019, this is due to the tough conditions that apply to applicants. For several years, to be more precise, two, the country must be a participant in EMR-2, and then only after checking for compliance with all the Maastricht criteria. At the moment, only Denmark is currently in EMR-2. Some EU countries have not yet established when the euro will come into use as a single currency, and whether it will be introduced in principle.

The benefits of a single currency

The story of the creation of the euro happened not spontaneously and not thoughtlessly. It is based on many important problems that the euro is designed to solve. But the single currency has both supporters and opponents. All the advantages and positive moments lie on the surface, because the euro copes with all the tasks. Opponents are convinced that the unification of the economies of so many countries with their own characteristics and atmosphere into a single monetary system will create negative consequences. However, all the indicated problems are assumed in the course of further euro history, arguing this by the accumulation of various shortcomings of the single currency system and relations in the EU.

Exchange operations without risk

The most important advantage of the euro is the absolute leveling of exchange rates in many countries and, accordingly, the risks that may be associated with this. More precisely, this is a reduction in the risks of investors who are going to distribute their funds to other countries that are members of the eurozone.

Usually, in the presence of a large number of national currencies, a foreign investor, in addition to the risks associated directly with the subject of investment, may lose a significant part of the profit, or even completely, only due to unforeseen fluctuations in the exchange rate. In a situation where only one single currency and one history of the euro exchange rate is used in the countries of interest to the inverter, there are no such problems in principle.

Considering that in the Union of Europe the economic environment of individual countries and the entire plow is very dependent on the domestic export market, the euro becomes simply the perfect solution to a large number of problems that were previously.

Pessimists see the danger of this state of affairs in the long term. Their fears are mainly about the gradual and inevitable redistribution of markets as the history of the euro develops, provided that there are more liberal business conditions in some countries relative to others. They predict a gradual concentration of production and investment activities only in certain regions, while in the rest there will be a large outflow of capital and the natural curtailment of many social programs.

No conversion costs

The absence of currencies for exchange transactions in vast territories and in many countries at the same time also has a positive effect. Previously, commissions were charged from foreign exchange within the country for the operation of export and import enterprises. Commissions on their own are not significant, but the total benefit makes itself felt. In the absence of fees charged by banks throughout the eurozone already justifying the creation and further history of the euro, significant funds do not leave the real economy.

The transfer of funds, especially between member countries of the eurozone, is carried out at the same rates as within the country. This removes a significant burden of costs for production located in different countries of the eurozone and also leaves significant amounts of funds in the economy. Commissions remain high enough only if online banking is used, as well as in France, where, bypassing the requirements of the ECB, additional payments for international transfers are nevertheless introduced.

More resilient financial markets

A single currency system makes financial markets more attractive, increases their liquidity and flexibility in relation to almost all possible transactions. Eliminating the unnecessary financial burden on investors focused on financial instruments increases competitiveness, and then has a positive effect on the effectiveness of financial relationships. It is also important that the history of the growth of the euro, its reliability and the rules of circulation in the eurozone facilitate the maintenance of the public debt of each country separately.

Price parity

What the main bet is being made on is that the history of the euro currency will finally level out the difference in prices for various goods, eliminate the very possibility of conducting arbitrage operations. Consequently, it will not be possible to make a profit only on the difference in prices of goods in different countries, speculative dealers will leave, and free routes for the distribution of goods will open. Best of all, this will affect the consumer, because it will be possible to choose goods by their quality and not worry about the fact that some of them have unreasonable markups.

Competitive refinancing

The transition to a single currency has a positive effect on the refinancing system. The history of the creation of the euro, not least developed precisely due to the fact that banks could freely receive loans and refinance abroad, without fear of risks associated with exchange rates and the behavior of National Banks. One of the biggest consequences is the natural decrease in the interest rate, because everything is tied to the competitive relationship of the Central Bank of the countries, and each of them strives to attract new customers in the banking sector.

Euro as peg currency

You can divide all countries into two categories according to the way the local currency is pegged to the euro. The first category is countries that participate in the Exchange Rate Mechanism (EMR-2), in the format of which a narrow corridor is allocated where the exchange rate should remain. The fulfillment of this rather simple condition within two years is a prerequisite for the country's entry into the eurozone and inscribe itself in the history of the development of the euro. At the moment, only Denmark participates in EMR-2.

The second category of countries is all current members of the European Union that are not included in the euro zone, as well as other countries in the world that have historically developed a relationship between the national currency and the currencies of European countries. For example, the money of Bosnia, Bulgaria and Estonia were pegged to the German mark, while many countries in Africa were heavily pegged to the franc. After the start of the history of the euro, all these countries also switched to pegging to it.

Euro as a reserve currency

Even before the introduction of the euro, the German mark and the French franc were valued and used as reserve currencies. After that, this role passed to the euro, especially since the history of the growth of the euro was really stormy and effective, then the interest in the euro as a reserve currency only increased. At the moment, the euro has gained momentum and the interest in it is not decreasing, because it is the second significant world reserve currency after the US dollar. The share of the euro in the reserve funds of the countries of the world is 24.4% for 2013.

As expected by the EU community, the history of world financial relations perceived the single currency euro very well. There are prospects, and huge advantages that are already manifesting themselves. There are some fears, but they are mostly based on fears, they are situations that can be easily avoided.

Euro(English Euro) - the official currency of 19 countries of the Eurozone (Austria, Belgium, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Spain, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Finland, France, Estonia). Euro is also the national currency of 9 more states, 7 of which are located in Europe. However, unlike the members of the eurozone, these countries cannot influence the monetary policy of the European Central Bank and send their representatives to its governing bodies. Thus, the euro is the single currency for more than 340 million Europeans. As of November 2013, there were 951 billion euros in cash circulation, making this currency the holder of the highest total value of cash circulating around the world, ahead of the US dollar in this indicator.

1 euro is equal to 100 cents (or eurocents). Banknote denominations in circulation: 500, 200, 100, 50, 20, 10 and 5 euros. Coins: 2 and 1 euro, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2 and 1 cents. The name of the currency comes from the word "Europe".

Eurocurrency is printed by central banks that are members of the European System of Central Banks. All issued banknotes have one standard design. On the front side, windows, gates, bridges are depicted as symbols of openness and interconnection. They are made in the form of typical examples of the main styles of European architecture: classical, Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque and Rococo, "metal and glass", Art Nouveau. At the same time, euro banknotes differ in color palette: 500 - purple, 200 - yellow, 100 - green, 50 - orange, 20 - blue, 10 red, and 5 - gray.

Unlike banknotes, the coins have only the front side in common, on which the denomination is placed against the background of the symbolic map of Europe. The reverse side is considered "national" - each issuing central bank has its own for each denomination.

Despite the fact that officially non-cash euros were introduced on January 1, 1999, and cash was issued on January 1, 2002, the history of the single European currency is older. Before the euro appeared, from 1979 to 1998, the European currency system used the ECU unit of account (ECU, European Currency Unit), which was a conditional basket of national monetary units of a number of countries. Subsequently, the ECU was exchanged for the euro at a one-to-one rate.

Officially, trading in the euro on the international currency market began on January 4, 1999. In order to save investors from currency risks, the quotes of national currencies were fixed. Thus, the exchange rate of the German mark was 1.95583 per euro, the French franc - 6.55957, and the Italian lira - 1,936.21. At the same time, the initial exchange rate of the euro against the dollar was determined at about $1.17.

Illustration: European Central Bank

During 1999, the euro quotes steadily declined, eventually reaching the so-called parity - equality of 1 euro and 1 dollar. At the end of September 2000, the European Central Bank, the US Federal Reserve System, the Bank of Japan, the Bank of England and a number of European banks conducted a joint intervention in support of the single euro currency. Nevertheless, this did not prevent her from reaching an absolute historical minimum, which amounted to 0.8230 dollars per euro in October 2000.

It was recognized that a further decline in the quotations of the single currency could hurt the European economy. At the same time, by the end of 2000, the US Federal Reserve, in order to cope with the upcoming recession, took a course on easing monetary policy, cutting, in particular, the discount rate to 2%. Since interest rates in Europe turned out to be higher, the euro became more attractive for investment than the dollar. In addition, in 2001, the US economy experienced a shock caused by the September 11 terrorist attack. By the end of the year, the euro was trading at 0.96 per dollar, and by July 2002 it returned to parity again. It finally became more expensive than the dollar after December 6 of the same year. And in 2003, it began to grow steadily in price against the backdrop of the US entry into the war in Iraq.

Its initial value of 1.1736, fixed on the first trading day, the rate reached on May 23, 2003, and the absolute maximum - 1.5990 - in 2008. This became possible due to the global financial crisis, which this time originated in the financial system of the United States. Economists believe that the strengthening of the euro was due mainly to the weakness of the US economy, and not to the strength of the European one. This assumption is also supported by the fact that the aggravation of problems in the eurozone subsequently led to a halt in the growth of currency quotes. For the summer of 2011, the euro exchange rate fluctuates between 1.41-1.45 dollars.

Nevertheless, during its existence, the euro confidently took the second place in the world in terms of government reserves. This is due to the fact that, in total, the gross domestic product of the countries included in the eurozone exceeds even the US GDP, which ranks first in the world.

The euro/dollar currency pair is the most traded in the Forex and financial derivatives market - futures. Today, Europe represents a real alternative to the United States in terms of investment opportunities. At the same time, the choice of investors is influenced primarily by a comparison of macroeconomic indicators of the two regions, such as the inflation rate, prevailing interest rates, GDP, trade balance, etc.

At the same time, the biggest problem of the euro area remains the difference in the level of the economies of the member countries. The strongest are Germany, Italy, France. To those experiencing difficulties - Greece, Ireland and a number of others.

For Russian investors, the euro is traditionally interesting as an alternative to the US dollar. The European currency is used to diversify the risks associated with exchange rates, and as an independent direction of investment - in times of rising quotes.

In addition, it should be borne in mind that it is more profitable to make payments in countries participating in the euro area using debit or credit cards in this particular currency in order to avoid unnecessary conversion.

Euro- the official currency of nineteen countries that are members of the European Union, and the national currency of six more European countries (see the list of countries where the euro is used, see below). The symbol for the euro is a round letter "E" with one or two lines crossing it horizontally: €.

1 euro is made up of 100 cents, or eurocents. In circulation there are banknotes of 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, and 500 euros. Coins in circulation: 1 and 2 euros, as well as 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 cents.

The roots of the euro go back to the economic crisis of the 1970s. Because of this crisis, the first plans arose to create a single currency, which was subsequently replaced by the euro. There were various reasons for the creation of the euro currency: concerns about the stability of the dollar, especially against the backdrop of a deteriorating US economy; strengthening the integration of European states; increased price competition in the Eurozone; other. Read more about the history of the euro below in the relevant section.

Today, the euro is not only a world currency, but also one of the global reserve currencies (the second largest). Central banks in many countries around the world diversify their reserves and hold them in US dollars, Japanese yens, and also in euros. The Euro today is the second most exchanged currency in the world, after the US dollar. In 2014, almost a trillion euros were in circulation.

Euro exchange rate

In the currency converter you can see the exchange rate of the euro against the ruble and against the dollar today.

History of the euro, history of the euro currency

For the first time, the euro was introduced as an accounting currency January 1, 1999. The history of the euro is closely connected with the adoption of the Maastricht Treaty ("Treaty on European Union").

The history of the euro currency dates back to the time when the member states of the European Union began to accept the euro as their national currency. At the beginning of its history, the euro was used only as an electronic currency, as a cash currency, the euro was accepted only January 1, 2002. At the time of the introduction of the euro as a cash currency, it began to be used immediately in 12 European countries. Subsequently, many other European countries adopted the euro (see below for a list of countries using the euro).

Former currencies of European countries in the history of the euro

Many European currencies (German mark, French franc, Italian lira, and others) ceased to exist by July 1, 2002. This date is important in the history of the euro, it is considered the beginning of centralized monetary policy. With the introduction of the euro, the European Central Bank began to implement monetary policy in countries using the single euro currency.

Attempts to create a single currency have been made for a long time. Back in 1979, the European Monetary System was introduced, which was in effect until December 31, 1998, until the creation of the euro. This system used a unit of European currency (ECU, from the English. ECU - European Currency Unit).

Purpose of the euro

The euro currency was introduced with the aim of creating a more stable European economy, which can be said to have been achieved - economic growth throughout Europe has grown since the adoption of the euro, and the various financial markets of Europe have become more integrated with each other. In addition, the euro currency has strengthened the European presence in the global economy due to the fact that it is a reserve currency. Also, the introduction of the euro made it possible to mitigate the volatility of the exchange rate between different European states.

Problems and difficulties in the history of the euro

Since the adoption of the euro, some difficulties have sometimes arisen. While the euro has improved stability across the region, all governments have to maintain roughly the same interest rate to avoid interest arbitrage. This circumstance led to difficulties in some economies of the EU countries, in particular, in Germany. Due to the introduction of the euro, it is no longer possible to use the interest rate as an instrument of fiscal policy. If the growth of a country's economy slows down, the government of that country will not be able to lower the interest rate to stimulate growth.

Euro in different countries, in which countries is the euro

The euro is one of the most powerful currencies in the world today. The currency is used by nearly 340 million Europeans in twenty-four European countries (nineteen of which are in the European Union). The euro is also used in some non-European countries.

In which countries is the euro

The countries that use the euro currency are listed below. The euro is also used in certain overseas territories and possessions of European countries not listed below. In addition, over 200 million people around the world use currencies pegged to the euro.

Countries marked in bold in the list are members of the European Union.

Euro banknotes with photo, euro banknotes, euro banknotes with photo

Below are all possible euro banknotes with a photo. Both front and back sides of banknotes are presented.

Number of euros	Front side	Back side
5 euro
10 euro
20 euro
50 euro
100 euro
200 euros
500 Euro

Euro coins, euro coins with photo, euro coins

All issued euro coins are listed below with a photo. Different countries produce different euro coins, below are photos of euro coins of all countries where they are issued (members of the European Union).

Austria. Coins of Austria

Andorra. Coins of Andorra

Belgium. Coins of Belgium

Vatican. Coins of the Vatican

Germany. Coins of Germany

Greece. Coins of Greece

Ireland. Coins of Ireland

Spain. Coins of Spain

Italy. Coins of Italy

Cyprus. Coins of Cyprus

Latvia. Coins of Latvia

Lithuania. Coins of Lithuania

Luxembourg. Coins of Luxembourg

Malta. Coins of Malta

Monaco. Coins of Monaco

Netherlands. Coins of the Netherlands

Portugal. Coins of Portugal

San Marino. Coins of San Marino

Slovakia. Coins of Slovakia

Slovenia. Coins of Slovenia

Finland. Coins of Finland

France. Coins of France

The designation of world currencies is used to simplify the type of economic information. Each currency has its own three-digit code, where the first two letters indicate the country, and the last third letter is the name of the currency itself (dollar - D, franc - F, pound - P).

This procedure for the three-digit designation of currencies is regulated by the special ISO 4217 standard. In 1978, the International Organization for Standardization recommended that all countries use three-letter and three-digit currency codes.

Any currency symbol:

The main purpose of this use of the designation of currencies was aimed at international documentation under international agreements, in which it would be more efficient to use the abbreviated names of currency codes to identify their names, since the names of some currencies are quite similar (US dollar, Australian dollar, Canadian dollar, etc.).

Of course, each country has adapted the ISO 4217 standard to suit its needs. For example, Russia has its own All-Russian classifier of currencies. Only the European Union uses ISO 4217 directly.

The designation of currencies, according to the ISO 4217 standard, has been improved several times: digital codes have been introduced, data on fractional monetary units have been entered.

In order to facilitate the use of the ISO 4217 standard, the designation of currencies was displayed in special tables - lists that indicate the name of the currency, the place of currency circulation, a three-letter alphabetic code, a three-digit alphabetic code, and decimal places for monetary units.

It is clear that some currencies are going out of circulation, so they are marked in additions to the ISO 4217 standard with an explanation of the reasons for such changes, and the dates of input and output of information.

All changes in the designation of currencies are officially published on their website by a special agency - SIX Interbank Clearing in English and French.

The most interesting thing is that since 1978, during the use of the designation of world currencies, practically all available currency signs have been used, therefore, for new currencies, they came up with the letter N, from the English word - new.

Currency codes were needed to automate and unify currency designations, so each country develops them independently, taking into account the ISO 4217 standard.

The letter designation of the currencies of the world

You probably noticed when you filled out a payment order in your bank that you have columns of currency codes: for the dollar - 840, for the euro - 978, for the Russian ruble - 643, for the Ukrainian hryvnia - 980.

World currency symbols

In addition to currency signs and currency codes, there are also currency symbols $, £, ¥, €, which you often see in everyday life.

The history of the dollar symbol $ has a number of versions.

The first version says that in 1492, King Ferdinand II of Aragon from Spain approved a symbol that looked like the Pillars of Hercules entwined with a ribbon as his currency.

The second version tells the appearance of the dollar symbol between 1573 and 1825. in Potosi, which at that time was the largest industrial center in the world, and was located on the territory of modern Bolivia. The fact is that the coins that were in circulation at that time in Potosi are very similar to the modern dollar symbol.

The third version tells about the similarity of the modern dollar symbol with the monetary unit sestertia from Ancient Rome. The sestertia was designated as IIS.

And according to the fourth version, it is assumed that the $ symbol was obtained as a result of the contraction of the Spanish peso. That is, in a singular expression, peso was abbreviated as ps. Later, ps was simplified to a single letter S, which was simply crossed out by the missing letter p, and the $ symbol came out.

With other currencies, everything is easier. The pound symbol £ comes from the Latin word libra, which means scales. At that time, the value of a pound was equal to a pound of silver.

The designation of the euro currency - € arose as a result of a sociological survey of the population. That is, the people themselves chose what their national symbol should look like. The euro itself is a very young European currency, which was born in 1999. The € symbol, according to the European Commission, denotes two elements: the importance of Europe in the Greek letter Epsilon, and the stability of the currency in two parallel lines.

The symbol for the Japanese yen currency - ¥ arose as a result of drawing two parallel lines on the Latin letter Y. The Japanese describe their currency with the character 円.

Most countries of the world, when designating currencies, do not bother with a special invention, but simply take abbreviations of the first letters in the name of the country. So, in Poland, złoty is denoted as zł, and the former German Deutsche Mark is simply abbreviated as DM.

Some countries designate their currencies with a symbol that is associated with the dollar. For example, the Nicaraguan cordoba looks like C$.

The shekel currency designation in Israel in Hebrew stands for the first letters of the currency name - ₪.

The history of the designation of the Russian ruble indicates that the very name of the ruble was first encountered in the 13th century and meant a pound of silver, which weighed one hryvnia and was cut into pieces. Over time, the symbol of the ruble has changed. In the 17th - 19th centuries, the ruble was depicted by combining the two letters R and U. The modern symbol of the Russian ruble was approved only at the end of 2013 and denotes the letter R with a horizontal line crossing the letter R - ₽ (but this symbol is not displayed correctly for everyone yet, since such a symbol appeared in Unicode tables quite recently).

Thus, we have dealt with the designations of the currencies of the world, examined the signs, codes and symbols of the main world currencies.

The symbol (sign) of the franc (₣) is a short designation of the national currency of France (in 2002 it was replaced by the euro), as well as other modern and historical currencies called "franc". The peculiarity of the symbol is that in various fonts it ... ... Wikipedia

The symbol (sign) of the pound (lira, livre) is a short designation of the British pound sterling in the form of the symbols £ or ₤. In addition to the UK, it is also used in other countries whose currency is the pound (for example, in Egypt) or the lira (for example, in Turkey) ... Wikipedia

The symbol (sign) of the yen (yuan) traditional characters or a modern grapheme based on the Latin alphabet (¥), used to briefly denote the Japanese yen and the Chinese yuan. Contents ... Wikipedia

It is a handwritten version of the Cyrillic letter "g" with two horizontal lines ₴ (the sign may not be displayed in all browsers). The officially adopted reduction of the national currency of Ukraine for both Russian and Ukrainian ... ... Wikipedia

The symbol (sign) of the rial (﷼) is the Arabic and Persian word ريال (read in different countries as rial, real, riyal or riel), which is the name of several ... Wikipedia

Euro- (Euro) Euro is the single European currency Euro: description of coins and banknotes, history of creation and development, place in the world economy Contents >>>>>>>>>> … Encyclopedia of the investor

For the EUR quarter in Rome, see World's Fair Quarter. Euro (Russian) Euro (German, Nid., Estonian, It., Port., Fin., Spanish, Irish, words ... Wikipedia

The first use of the dram symbol: entry on 09/07/1995, the exchange of money at the rate of 516 drams per dollar ... Wikipedia

The combination of the letters "r" and "y" in cursive according to the book "Russian paleography" Si ... Wikipedia

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