Personnel work / 14.07.2021

Receipts from other legal and. Revenue recognition: accounting. Main differences between accounting and tax accounting

Regulations on accounting

"Income of the organization"

I. General provisions(items 1-4)

II. Income from ordinary activities (items 5-6)

III. Other income (items 7-11)

IV. Revenue recognition (clauses 12-16)

V. Disclosure of information in financial statements (clauses 17-21)

General provisions

This Regulation establishes the rules for the formation in accounting of information about the income of commercial organizations (except for credit and insurance organizations) that are legal entities under the legislation of the Russian Federation.

In relation to this Regulation non-profit organizations(except for budgetary institutions) recognize income from business and other activities.

An organization's income is recognized as an increase in economic benefits as a result of the receipt of assets (cash, other property) and (or) repayment of liabilities, leading to an increase in the capital of this organization, with the exception of contributions from participants (owners of property).

For the purposes of these Regulations, receipts from other legal and individuals:

amounts of value added tax, excise taxes, sales tax, export duties and other similar mandatory payments;

under commission agreements, agency and other similar agreements in favor of the principal, principal, etc.;

in advance payment for products, goods, works, services;

advances in payment for products, goods, works, services;

as collateral, if the agreement provides for the transfer of the pledged property to the pledgee;

in repayment of a loan granted to the borrower.

The income of the organization, depending on its nature, the conditions for receiving it and the areas of activity of the organization, are divided into:

a) income from ordinary activities;

b) operating income;

c) non-operating income.

For the purposes of these Regulations, income other than income from ordinary activities is considered other income. Other income also includes extraordinary income.

For accounting purposes, the organization independently recognizes receipts as income from ordinary activities or other income based on the requirements of these Regulations, the nature of its activities, the type of income and the conditions for their receipt.

Income from ordinary activities

Income from ordinary activities is revenue from the sale of products and goods, receipts associated with the performance of work, provision of services (hereinafter referred to as revenue).

In organizations whose subject of activity is the provision for a fee for temporary use (temporary possession and use) of their assets under a lease agreement, revenue is considered to be receipts the receipt of which is associated with this activity (rent).

In organizations whose subject of activity is the provision for a fee of rights arising from patents for inventions, industrial designs and other types of intellectual property, revenue is considered to be receipts the receipt of which is associated with this activity (license payments (including royalties) for the use of intellectual property). In organizations whose subject of activity is participation in the authorized capital of other organizations, revenue is considered to be receipts of which are associated with this activity.

Income received by an organization from provision for a fee for temporary use (temporary possession and use) of its assets, rights arising from patents for inventions, industrial designs and other types of intellectual property, and from participation in authorized capitals other organizations, when this is not the subject of the organization’s activities, are classified as operating income.

Revenue is accepted for accounting in an amount calculated in monetary terms equal to the amount of receipt Money and other property and (or) amount accounts receivable(subject to the provisions of paragraph 3 of these Regulations). If the amount of receipt covers only part of the revenue, then the revenue accepted for accounting is determined as the sum of receipt and receivables (in the part not covered by receipt).

6.1. The amount of receipts and (or) receivables is determined based on the price established by the agreement between the organization and the buyer (customer) or user of the organization’s assets. If the price is not provided for in the contract and cannot be established based on the terms of the contract, then to determine the amount of receipts and (or) receivables, the price at which, in comparable circumstances, the organization usually determines revenue in relation to similar products (goods, works, services) is accepted. or providing for temporary use (temporary possession and use) of similar assets.

6.2. When selling products and goods, performing work, providing services on the terms commercial loan provided in the form of deferment and installment payment, the proceeds are accepted for accounting in full amount accounts receivable.

6.3. The amount of receipts and (or) receivables under contracts providing for the fulfillment of obligations (payment) not in cash is accepted for accounting at the cost of goods (valuables) received or to be received by the organization. The cost of goods (valuables) received or to be received by an organization is established based on the price at which, in comparable circumstances, the organization usually determines the cost of similar goods (valuables).

If it is impossible to determine the value of goods (valuables) received by the organization, the amount of receipts and (or) receivables is determined by the value of the products (goods) transferred or to be transferred by the organization. The cost of products (goods) transferred or to be transferred by an organization is established based on the price at which, in comparable circumstances, the organization usually determines revenue in relation to similar products (goods).

6.4. In the event of a change in the obligation under the contract, the initial amount of receipts and (or) receivables is adjusted based on the value of the asset to be received by the organization. The value of an asset to be received by an organization is determined based on the price at which, in comparable circumstances, the organization usually determines the value of similar assets.

6.5. The amount of receipts and (or) receivables is determined taking into account all discounts (mark-ups) provided to the organization in accordance with the agreement.

6.6. The amount of receipt is also determined taking into account (increases or decreases) the amount difference that arises in cases where payment is made in rubles in an amount equivalent to the amount in foreign currency (conventional monetary units). The amount difference is understood as the difference between the ruble valuation of an asset actually received as revenue, expressed in foreign currency (conventional monetary units), calculated at the official or other agreed rate on the date of acceptance for accounting, and the ruble valuation of this asset, calculated at the official or other the agreed exchange rate on the date of recognition of revenue in accounting.

6.7. When formed in accordance with the rules of accounting for reserves doubtful debts the amount of revenue does not change.

Other supply

Operating income is:

receipts associated with the provision for a fee for temporary use (temporary possession and use) of the organization’s assets;

receipts related to the provision for a fee of rights arising from patents for inventions, industrial designs and other types of intellectual property;

proceeds related to participation in the authorized capitals of other organizations (including interest and other income on securities);

profit received by the organization as a result of joint activities (under a simple partnership agreement);

proceeds from the sale of fixed assets and other assets other than cash (except foreign currency), products, goods;

interest received for the provision of an organization's funds for use, as well as interest for the bank's use of funds held in the organization's account with this bank.

Non-operating income is:

fines, penalties, penalties for violation of contract terms;

assets received free of charge, including under a gift agreement;

proceeds to compensate for losses caused to the organization;

profit of previous years identified in the reporting year;

amounts of accounts payable and depositors for which the term has expired limitation period;

exchange differences;

the amount of revaluation of assets (except for non-current assets);

other non-operating income.

Extraordinary income is considered to be income arising as a consequence of extraordinary circumstances of economic activity (natural disaster, fire, accident, nationalization, etc.): insurance compensation, cost material assets remaining from the write-off of assets unsuitable for restoration and further use, etc.

For accounting purposes, the amount of other income is determined in the following order:

10.1. The amount of proceeds from the sale of fixed assets and other assets other than cash (except foreign currency), products, goods, as well as the amount of interest received for providing the organization’s funds for use, and income from participation in the authorized capitals of other organizations (when is not the subject of the organization’s activities) are determined in a manner similar to that provided for in paragraph 6 of these Regulations.

10.2. Fines, penalties, penalties for violations of contract terms, as well as compensation for losses caused to the organization are accepted for accounting in amounts awarded by the court or recognized by the debtor.

10.3. Assets received free of charge are accepted for accounting at market value. Market price Assets received free of charge are determined by the organization on the basis of prices in force on the date of their acceptance for accounting for this or a similar type of asset. Data on prices valid on the date of acceptance for accounting must be confirmed by documents or through an examination.

10.4. Accounts payable for which the statute of limitations has expired are included in the organization's income in the amount in which this debt was reflected in the organization's accounting records.

10.5. The amounts of revaluation of assets are determined in accordance with the rules established for the revaluation of assets.

10.6. Other income is accepted for accounting in actual amounts.

Other receipts are subject to credit to the organization's profit and loss account, unless the accounting rules establish a different procedure.

Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized in accounting if the following conditions exist:

a) the organization has the right to receive this revenue arising from a specific agreement or confirmed in another appropriate manner;

b) the amount of revenue can be determined;

c) there is confidence that as a result of a particular transaction there will be an increase in the economic benefits of the organization. Confidence that a particular transaction will result in an increase in the economic benefits of the organization exists when the organization received an asset in payment, or there is no uncertainty regarding the receipt of the asset;

d) the right of ownership (possession, use and disposal) of the product (goods) has passed from the organization to the buyer or the work has been accepted by the customer (service provided); e) the expenses that have been incurred or will be incurred in connection with this operation can be determined.

If at least one of the above conditions is not met in relation to cash and other assets received by the organization as payment, then the organization’s accounting records recognize accounts payable, not revenue.

To recognize in accounting revenues from the provision for a fee for temporary use (temporary possession and use) of one’s assets, rights arising from patents for inventions, industrial designs and other types of intellectual property and from participation in the authorized capital of other organizations, must be simultaneously observed the conditions defined in subparagraphs “a”, “b” and “c” of this paragraph.

An organization may recognize in its accounting revenues from the performance of work, provision of services, sale of products with a long manufacturing cycle as the work, service, product is ready or upon completion of the work, provision of service, or production of products in general.

Revenue from performing specific work, providing a specific service, or selling a specific product is recognized in accounting as it is ready, if it is possible to determine the readiness of the work, service, or product.

In relation to different nature and conditions of work, provision of services, manufacturing of products, an organization can apply in one reporting period simultaneously different ways revenue recognition provided for in this paragraph.

If the amount of revenue from the sale of products, performance of work, provision of services cannot be determined, then it is accepted for accounting in the amount of expenses recognized in accounting for the manufacture of these products, performance of this work, provision of this service, which will subsequently be reimbursed to the organization.

Rent and license payments for the use of intellectual property (when this is not the subject of the organization’s activities) are recognized in accounting based on the assumption of temporary certainty of facts economic activity and the terms of the relevant agreement.

Rent and license payments for the use of intellectual property (when this is not the subject of the organization’s activities) are recognized in accounting in a manner similar to that provided for in paragraph 12 of these Regulations.

Other income is recognized in accounting in the following order:

proceeds from the sale of fixed assets and other assets other than cash (except foreign currency), products, goods, as well as interest received for the provision of the organization’s funds for use, and income from participation in the authorized capital of other organizations (when this is not subject of the organization’s activities) - in a manner similar to that provided for in paragraph 12 of these Regulations. In this case, for accounting purposes, interest is accrued for each expired reporting period in accordance with the terms of the agreement;

fines, penalties, penalties for violation of the terms of contracts, as well as compensation for losses caused to the organization - in the reporting period in which the court made a decision to collect them, or they were recognized as a debtor;

the amount of accounts payable and depository debt for which the statute of limitations has expired - in the reporting period in which the statute of limitations expired;

the amount of revaluation of assets - in the reporting period to which the date as of which the revaluation was made;

other receipts - as they are formed (identified).

Disclosure of information in financial statements

As part of the information about accounting policy organizations in financial statements At a minimum, the following information must be disclosed:

a) on the procedure for recognizing the organization’s revenue;

b) on the method of determining the readiness of work, services, products, revenue from the implementation, provision, sale of which is recognized as readiness.

In the profit and loss statement, the organization's income for the reporting period is reflected with a division into revenue, operating income and non-operating income, and if it occurs, extraordinary income.

18.1. Revenue, operating and non-operating income (revenue from the sale of products (goods), revenue from the performance of work (provision of services), etc.), amounting to five or more percent of the organization’s total income for the reporting period, are shown for each type separately .

18.2. Operating and non-operating income may be shown in the income statement less expenses related to these income when:

a) the relevant accounting rules provide for or do not prohibit such recognition of income;

b) income and related expenses arising as a result of the same or similar fact of economic activity (for example, the provision of temporary use (temporary possession and use) of its assets) are not significant for the characteristics financial situation organizations.

With respect to revenue received as a result of the execution of contracts that provide for the fulfillment of obligations (payment) not in cash, at least the following information is subject to disclosure:

a) the total number of organizations with which the specified contracts are carried out, indicating the organizations that account for the bulk of such revenue;

b) the share of revenue received under these agreements with related organizations;

c) a method for determining the cost of products (goods) transferred by the organization.

Other income of the organization for the reporting period, which, in accordance with the accounting rules, are not credited to the profit and loss account, are subject to disclosure in the financial statements separately.

The construction of accounting should ensure the possibility of disclosing information about the organization’s income in the context of current, investment and financial activities.

PBU 9/99 establishes the rules for the formation of income information in accounting commercial organizations- legal entities under Russian legislation.

The requirements of the Regulations do not apply to credit organizations, as well as state (municipal) institutions.

Registered with the Ministry of Justice of Russia on May 31, 1999

Ministry of Finance Russian Federation

On approval of the Accounting Regulations “Income of the Organization” PBU 9/99

As amended: December 30, 1999 N 107n, dated March 30, 2001 N 27n;
09.18.2006 N 116n; 11/27/2006 N 156n;
10.25.2010 N 132n; 08.11.2010 N 144n;
04/27/2012 N 55n; 04/06/2015 No. 57n

See the text of the document in .pdf format
(corresponds to the publication on the site
Ministry of Finance of Russia: http://www.minfin.ru)

Pursuant to the Accounting Reform Program in accordance with international standards financial statements approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 6, 1998 N 283, I order:

1. Approve the attached accounting document “Income of the organization” PBU 9/99.

Minister of Finance
Russian Federation
MM. Zadornov

Approved
by order of the Ministry of Finance
Russian Federation
dated 05/06/1999 N 32n

Accounting Regulations

"Income of the organization"

I. General provisions

1. This Regulation establishes the rules for the formation in accounting of information on the income of commercial organizations (except for credit and insurance organizations) that are legal entities according to the legislation of the Russian Federation.

In relation to these Regulations, non-profit organizations (except for state (municipal) institutions) recognize income from business and other activities.

(as amended by Orders of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 30, 1999 N 107n, dated October 25, 2010 N 132n)

2. An organization’s income is recognized as an increase in economic benefits as a result of the receipt of assets (cash, other property) and (or) repayment of liabilities, leading to an increase in the capital of this organization, with the exception of contributions from participants (owners of property).

3. For the purposes of these Regulations, receipts from other legal entities and individuals are not recognized as income of the organization:

amounts of value added tax, excise taxes, sales tax, export duties and other similar mandatory payments;

under commission agreements, agency and other similar agreements in favor of the principal, principal, etc.;

in advance payment for products, goods, works, services;

advances in payment for products, goods, works, services;

as collateral, if the agreement provides for the transfer of the pledged property to the pledgee;

in repayment of a loan granted to the borrower.

4. The income of the organization, depending on its nature, the conditions for receiving it and the areas of activity of the organization, are divided into:

a) income from ordinary activities;

b) other income;

c) excluded. - Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated September 18, 2006 N 116n.

For the purposes of these Regulations, income other than income from ordinary activities is considered other income.

(as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated September 18, 2006 N 116n)

II. Income from ordinary activities

5. Income from ordinary activities is revenue from the sale of products and goods, receipts associated with the performance of work, provision of services (hereinafter referred to as revenue).

In organizations whose subject of activity is participation in the authorized capital of other organizations, revenue is considered to be receipts of which are associated with this activity.

Income received by an organization from provision for a fee for temporary use (temporary possession and use) of its assets, rights arising from patents for inventions, industrial designs and other types of intellectual property, and from participation in the authorized capital of other organizations, when this is not the subject of activities of the organization are classified as other income.

(as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated September 18, 2006 N 116n)

6. Revenue is accepted for accounting in an amount calculated in monetary terms equal to the amount of receipt of cash and other property and (or) the amount of accounts receivable (taking into account the provisions of these Regulations).

If the amount of receipt covers only part of the revenue, then the revenue accepted for accounting is determined as the sum of receipt and receivables (in the part not covered by receipt).

6.2. When selling products and goods, performing work, providing services on the terms of a commercial loan provided in the form of deferred and installment payment, the proceeds are accepted for accounting in the full amount of receivables.

6.5. The amount of receipts and (or) receivables is determined taking into account all discounts (mark-ups) provided to the organization in accordance with the agreement.

6.6. Excluded. - Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 27, 2006 N 156n.

6.7. When provisions for doubtful debts are formed in accordance with the accounting rules, the amount of revenue does not change.

III. Other supply

7. Other income is:

(as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated September 18, 2006 N 116n)

receipts related to the provision for a fee for temporary use (temporary possession and use) of the organization’s assets (subject to the provisions of these Regulations);

(as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated March 30, 2001 N 27n)

receipts related to participation in the authorized capitals of other organizations (including interest and other income on securities) (subject to the provisions of these Regulations);

(as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated March 30, 2001 N 27n)

profit received by the organization as a result of joint activities (under a simple partnership agreement);

proceeds from the sale of fixed assets and other assets other than cash (except foreign currency), products, goods;

interest received for providing the organization's funds for use, as well as interest for the bank's use of funds held in the organization's account with this bank;

paragraph excluded. - Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated September 18, 2006 N 116n;

fines, penalties, penalties for violation of contract terms;

assets received free of charge, including under a gift agreement;

proceeds to compensate for losses caused to the organization;

profit of previous years identified in the reporting year;

amounts of accounts payable and depositors for which the statute of limitations has expired;

exchange differences;

the amount of revaluation of assets;

(as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated March 30, 2001 N 27n)

Other income.

(as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated September 18, 2006 N 116n)

9. Other income also includes income arising as a consequence of emergency circumstances of economic activity (natural disaster, fire, accident, nationalization, etc.): the cost of material assets remaining from the write-off of assets unsuitable for restoration and further use, etc. .

(as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated September 18, 2006 N 116n)

10. For accounting purposes, the amount of other income is determined in the following order:

10.3. Assets received free of charge are accepted for accounting at market value. The market value of assets received free of charge is determined by the organization on the basis of prices in force on the date of their acceptance for accounting for this or a similar type of asset. Data on prices valid on the date of acceptance for accounting must be confirmed by documents or through an examination.

10.5. The amounts of revaluation of assets are determined in accordance with the rules established for the revaluation of assets.

10.6. Other income is accepted for accounting in actual amounts.

11. Other receipts are subject to credit to the organization’s profit and loss account, except in cases where the accounting rules establish a different procedure.

IV. Revenue recognition

12. Revenue is recognized in accounting if the following conditions are met:

a) the organization has the right to receive this revenue arising from a specific agreement or confirmed in another appropriate manner;

b) the amount of revenue can be determined;

c) there is confidence that as a result of a particular transaction there will be an increase in the economic benefits of the organization. Confidence that as a result of a particular transaction there will be an increase in the economic benefits of the organization exists when the organization received an asset in payment or there is no uncertainty regarding the receipt of the asset;

d) the right of ownership (possession, use and disposal) of the product (goods) has passed from the organization to the buyer or the work has been accepted by the customer (service provided);

e) the expenses that have been incurred or will be incurred in connection with this operation can be determined.

If in relation to cash and other assets received by the organization in payment, at least one of the above conditions is not fulfilled, then the accounting of the organization recognizes accounts payable, not revenue.

(paragraph introduced by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 8, 2010 N 144n, as amended on April 27, 2012 N 55n; 04/06/2015 No. 57n)

13. An organization may recognize in accounting revenue from the performance of work, provision of services, sale of products with a long manufacturing cycle as the work, service, product is ready or upon completion of the work, provision of service, or manufacture of products in general.

In relation to work, provision of services, and manufacture of products that are different in nature and conditions, an organization may simultaneously apply different methods of revenue recognition provided for in this paragraph in one reporting period.

14. If the amount of revenue from the sale of products, performance of work, provision of services cannot be determined, then it is accepted for accounting in the amount of expenses recognized in accounting for the manufacture of these products, performance of this work, provision of this service, which will subsequently be reimbursed to the organization .

15. Rent and license payments for the use of intellectual property (when this is not the subject of the organization’s activities) are recognized in accounting based on the assumption of temporary certainty of the facts of economic activity and the terms of the relevant agreement.

Rent and license payments for the use of intellectual property objects (when this is not the subject of the organization’s activities) are recognized in accounting in a manner similar to that provided for in these Regulations.

16. Other income is recognized in accounting in the following order:

proceeds from the sale of fixed assets and other assets other than cash (except foreign currency), products, goods, as well as interest received for the provision of the organization’s funds for use, and income from participation in the authorized capital of other organizations (when this is not subject of the organization’s activities) - in a manner similar to that provided for in these Regulations. In this case, for accounting purposes, interest is accrued for each expired reporting period in accordance with the terms of the agreement;

the amount of accounts payable and depository debt for which the statute of limitations has expired - in the reporting period in which the statute of limitations expired;

the amount of revaluation of assets - in the reporting period to which the date as of which the revaluation was made;

other receipts - as they are formed (identified).

V. Disclosure of information in financial statements

17. As part of the information on the accounting policies of the organization in the financial statements, at least the following information is subject to disclosure:

a) on the procedure for recognizing the organization’s revenue;

b) on the method of determining the readiness of work, services, products, revenue from the implementation, provision, sale of which is recognized as readiness.

18. In the profit and loss statement, the organization’s income for the reporting period is reflected with a division into revenue and other income.

(as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated September 18, 2006 N 116n)

18.1. Revenue, other income (revenue from the sale of products (goods), revenue from the performance of work (provision of services), etc.), amounting to five or more percent of the organization’s total income for the reporting period, are shown for each type separately.

(as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated September 18, 2006 N 116n)

18.2. Other income may be shown on the income statement less expenses related to that income when:

(as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated September 18, 2006 N 116n)

a) the relevant accounting rules provide for or do not prohibit such recognition of income;

b) income and related expenses arising as a result of the same or similar fact of economic activity (for example, the provision of temporary use (temporary possession and use) of its assets) are not significant for characterizing the financial position of the organization.

19. In relation to revenue received as a result of the execution of contracts providing for the fulfillment of obligations (payment) non-monetary means, at least the following information is subject to disclosure:

a) the total number of organizations with which the specified contracts are carried out, indicating the organizations that account for the bulk of such revenue;

b) the share of revenue received under these agreements with related organizations;

c) a method for determining the cost of products (goods) transferred by the organization.

20. Other income of the organization for the reporting period, which, in accordance with the accounting rules, are not credited to the profit and loss account, are subject to disclosure in the financial statements separately.

21. The structure of accounting should ensure the possibility of disclosing information about the organization’s income in the context of current, investment and financial activities.

, dated 04/27/2012 N 55n, dated 04/06/2015 N 57n)

1. Approve the attached Accounting Regulations “Income of the organization” PBU 9/99.

Minister of Finance
Russian Federation
M. ZADORNOV

APPROVED
By order
Ministry of Finance
Russian Federation
dated May 6, 1999 N 32n

ACCOUNTING REGULATIONS "ORGANIZATION'S INCOME" PBU 9/99

I. General provisions

1. These Regulations establish the rules for the formation in accounting of information on the income of commercial organizations (except for credit and insurance organizations) that are legal entities under the legislation of the Russian Federation.

In relation to this Regulation (except for state (municipal) institutions), income from business and other activities is recognized. (as amended by Orders of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated December 30, 1999 N 107n, dated October 25, 2010 N 132n)

3. For the purposes of these Regulations, receipts from other legal entities and individuals are not recognized as income of the organization:

amounts of value added tax, excise taxes, sales tax, export duties and other similar mandatory payments;

under commission agreements, agency and other similar agreements in favor of the principal, principal, etc.;

in advance payment for products, goods, works, services;

advances in payment for products, goods, works, services;

as collateral, if the agreement provides for the transfer of the pledged property to the pledgee;

in repayment of a loan granted to the borrower.

4. The income of the organization, depending on its nature, the conditions for receiving it and the areas of activity of the organization, are divided into:

a) income from ordinary activities;

b) other income; (as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated September 18, 2006 N 116n)

c) item excluded. (as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated September 18, 2006 N 116n)

For the purposes of these Regulations, income other than income from ordinary activities is considered other income. (as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated September 18, 2006 N 116n)

II. Income from ordinary activities

5. Income from ordinary activities is revenue from the sale of products and goods, receipts associated with the performance of work, provision of services (hereinafter referred to as revenue).

In organizations whose subject of activity is participation in the authorized capital of other organizations, revenue is considered to be receipts of which are associated with this activity.

Income received by an organization from provision for a fee for temporary use (temporary possession and use) of its assets, rights arising from patents for inventions, industrial designs and other types of intellectual property, and from participation in the authorized capital of other organizations, when this is not the subject of activities of the organization are classified as other income. (as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated September 18, 2006 N 116n)

If the amount of receipt covers only part of the revenue, then the revenue accepted for accounting is determined as the sum of receipt and receivables (in the part not covered by receipt).

6.1.

The amount of receipts and (or) receivables is determined based on the price established by the agreement between the organization and the buyer (customer) or user of the organization’s assets. If the price is not provided for in the contract and cannot be established based on the terms of the contract, then to determine the amount of receipts and (or) receivables, the price at which, in comparable circumstances, the organization usually determines revenue in relation to similar products (goods, works, services) is accepted. or providing for temporary use (temporary possession and use) of similar assets.

6.2.

6.4.

In the event of a change in the obligation under the contract, the initial amount of receipts and (or) receivables is adjusted based on the value of the asset to be received by the organization. The value of an asset to be received by an organization is determined based on the price at which, in comparable circumstances, the organization usually determines the value of similar assets.

6.5. The amount of receipts and (or) receivables is determined taking into account all discounts (mark-ups) provided to the organization in accordance with the agreement.

6.6.

The item has been deleted.

(as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated November 27, 2006 N 156n) (as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated September 18, 2006 N 116n)

6.7. When provisions for doubtful debts are formed in accordance with the accounting rules, the amount of revenue does not change.

III. Other supply When provisions for doubtful debts are formed in accordance with the accounting rules, the amount of revenue does not change.

7. Other income is: When provisions for doubtful debts are formed in accordance with the accounting rules, the amount of revenue does not change.

profit received by the organization as a result of joint activities (under a simple partnership agreement);

proceeds from the sale of fixed assets and other assets other than cash (except foreign currency), products, goods;

receipts related to the provision for a fee for temporary use (temporary possession and use) of the organization’s assets (subject to the provisions of paragraph 5 of these Regulations);

(as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated March 30, 2001 N 27n) (as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated September 18, 2006 N 116n)

fines, penalties, penalties for violation of contract terms;

assets received free of charge, including under a gift agreement;

proceeds to compensate for losses caused to the organization;

profit of previous years identified in the reporting year;

amounts of accounts payable and depositors for which the statute of limitations has expired;

exchange differences;

receipts related to the provision for a fee of rights arising from patents for inventions, industrial designs and other types of intellectual property (subject to the provisions of paragraph 5 of these Regulations); When provisions for doubtful debts are formed in accordance with the accounting rules, the amount of revenue does not change.

receipts related to participation in the authorized capitals of other organizations (including interest and other income on securities) (subject to the provisions of paragraph 5 of these Regulations); (as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated September 18, 2006 N 116n)

interest received for the provision of an organization's funds for use, as well as interest for the bank's use of funds held in the organization's account with this bank. (as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated September 18, 2006 N 116n)

8. Paragraph - Deleted.

10.1.

The amount of proceeds from the sale of fixed assets and other assets other than cash (except foreign currency), products, goods, as well as the amount of interest received for providing the organization’s funds for use, and income from participation in the authorized capitals of other organizations (when is not the subject of the organization’s activities) are determined in a manner similar to that provided for in paragraph 6 of these Regulations.

10.2.

Fines, penalties, penalties for violations of contract terms, as well as compensation for losses caused to the organization are accepted for accounting in amounts awarded by the court or recognized by the debtor.

10.3.

Assets received free of charge are accepted for accounting at market value. The market value of assets received free of charge is determined by the organization on the basis of prices in force on the date of their acceptance for accounting for this or a similar type of asset. Data on prices valid on the date of acceptance for accounting must be confirmed by documents or through an examination.

10.4.

Accounts payable for which the statute of limitations has expired are included in the organization's income in the amount in which this debt was reflected in the organization's accounting records.

10.5.

The amounts of revaluation of assets are determined in accordance with the rules established for the revaluation of assets.

10.6.

Other income is accepted for accounting in actual amounts.

11. Other receipts are subject to credit to the organization’s profit and loss account, except in cases where the accounting rules establish a different procedure.

e) the expenses that have been incurred or will be incurred in connection with this operation can be determined.

To recognize in accounting revenue from the provision for a fee for temporary use (temporary possession and use) of one’s assets, rights arising from patents for inventions, industrial designs and other types of intellectual property and from participation in the authorized capital of other organizations, the conditions must be simultaneously met , defined in subparagraphs “a)”, “b)” and “c)” of this paragraph.

Organizations that have the right to use simplified accounting methods, including simplified accounting (financial) statements, may recognize revenue as funds are received from buyers (customers) subject to the conditions specified in subparagraphs “a”, “b”, “c” and "e" of this paragraph. (as amended by Orders of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated November 8, 2010 N 144n, dated April 27, 2012 N 55n, dated April 6, 2015 N 57n)

16. Other income is recognized in accounting in the following order:

the amount of accounts payable and depository debt for which the statute of limitations has expired - in the reporting period in which the statute of limitations expired;

the amount of revaluation of assets - in the reporting period to which the date as of which the revaluation was made;

other receipts - as they are formed (identified).

V. Disclosure of information in financial statements

17. As part of the information on the accounting policies of the organization in the financial statements, at least the following information is subject to disclosure:

a) on the procedure for recognizing the organization’s revenue;

b) on the method of determining the readiness of work, services, products, revenue from the implementation, provision, sale of which is recognized as readiness.

18. In the financial results statement, the organization’s income for the reporting period is reflected with a division into revenue and other income. (as amended by Orders of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation

b) income and related expenses arising as a result of the same or similar fact of economic activity (for example, the provision of temporary use (temporary possession and use) of its assets) are not significant for characterizing the financial position of the organization.

19. With respect to revenue received as a result of the execution of contracts providing for the fulfillment of obligations (payment) in non-monetary means, at least the following information is subject to disclosure:

a) the total number of organizations with which the specified contracts are carried out, indicating the organizations that account for the bulk of such revenue;

b) the share of revenue received under these agreements with related organizations;

c) a method for determining the cost of products (goods) transferred by the organization.

21. The structure of accounting should ensure the possibility of disclosing information about the organization’s income in the context of current, investment and financial activities.

Accountants, especially beginners, cannot always understand which income is normal for a company and which is other. As a result, it is not completely clear which account (90 or 91) the revenue should be reflected in in each specific case. We'll deal with it in order.

Income received by the organization, according to the norms of accounting legislation, is divided into income from ordinary activities and other income. Organizations are given the right to independently qualify income, taking into account their nature, conditions of receipt, as well as the direction of the organization’s activities.

Commercial organizations that are legal entities must generate information about income, guided by the approved Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated May 6, 1999 No. 32n (hereinafter referred to as PBU 9/99).

The income of an organization in accordance with paragraph 2 is recognized as an increase in economic benefits as a result of the receipt of assets (cash, other property) and (or) repayment of liabilities, leading to an increase in the capital of this organization. Meanwhile, not all funds and property received by an organization can be recognized as income of the organization. Contributions from participants (owners of property) are not recognized as income of the organization. In accordance with paragraph 3 of PBU 9/99, receipts from other legal entities and individuals are not recognized as income of the organization:

amounts of VAT, excise taxes, export duties and other similar mandatory payments;
under commission agreements, agency and other similar agreements in favor of the principal, principal and the like;
in advance payment for products, goods, works, services;
advances in payment for products, goods, works, services;
deposit;
as collateral, if the agreement provides for the transfer of the pledged property to the pledgee;
in repayment of a loan granted to the borrower.

Paragraph 4 provides a classification of income, according to which the income received by the organization is divided into income from ordinary activities and other income. The organization must provide for the chosen procedure for recognizing income in the order on accounting policies for accounting purposes. Other income also includes extraordinary income, that is, income received as a result of emergency situations.

The criteria for classifying receipts as income from ordinary activities are determined by the organization independently and are fixed in the company’s accounting policies.

As a rule, income from common types activities, income received by the organization from the main type of business is recognized. If there are several types of activities, the threshold of materiality of “ordinary” income in the total volume of income received by the organization is traditionally used as a criterion for recognizing income from ordinary activities.

The materiality criterion used by the organization to classify income is also fixed in the accounting policy (usually 5%).

In essence, income from ordinary activities of an organization is revenue from the sale of products, goods, performance of work, and provision of services.

Accordingly, all other receipts other than revenue, including those arising as a consequence of extraordinary circumstances of the organization’s economic activities, are considered other income.

Conditions for recognizing revenue from ordinary activities in accounting

Paragraph 12 of PBU 9/99 defines five conditions, upon the simultaneous fulfillment of which revenue is recognized in accounting:

the organization has the right to receive revenue, which arises from a specific agreement or is confirmed in another appropriate manner;
there is confidence that as a result of a particular transaction there will be an increase in the economic benefits of the organization. Such certainty exists when the organization received an asset as payment or there is no uncertainty regarding the receipt of the asset;
the right of ownership (possession, use and disposal) of the product (goods) has passed from the organization to the buyer or the work has been accepted by the customer (service provided);
the expenses that have been or will be incurred in connection with this operation can be determined.

If at least one of the conditions listed above is not met in relation to the funds and other assets received by the organization, the organization’s accounting records recognize not revenue, but accounts payable.

Revenue from the provision for a fee for temporary use (temporary possession and use) of the organization's assets, rights arising from patents for inventions, industrial designs and other types of intellectual property and from participation in the authorized capital of other organizations is recognized if only three conditions are simultaneously met:

the organization has the right to receive revenue arising from a specific contract or otherwise confirmed in an appropriate manner;
the amount of revenue can be determined;
there is confidence that a particular transaction will result in an increase in the economic benefits of the organization.

To summarize information about income and expenses associated with ordinary activities, as well as to determine financial result according to them and the Instructions for its application, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n, account 90 “Sales” is intended.

The amount of revenue from ordinary activities, namely from the sale of goods, products, performance of work, provision of services, when recognized in accounting, is reflected in the credit of account 90 “Sales” and the debit of account 62 “Settlements with buyers and customers.” To account for the receipt of assets recognized as revenue, subaccount 90-1 “Revenue” is provided, entries in which are made cumulatively during the reporting year.

Example. In 2018, the Organization received revenue from the sale of goods in the amount of RUB 1,770,000. (including VAT - 270,000 rubles). The cost of goods sold was 900,000 rubles, expenses for selling goods were 255,000 rubles.
The following entries must be made in accounting:
Debit 62 Credit 90-1 - RUB 1,770,000. — revenue from the sale of goods is reflected;
Debit 90-3 Credit 68, subaccount “Calculations for VAT” - 270,000 rubles. — VAT charged;
Debit 90-2 Credit 41-900,000 rub. — the cost of goods sold is written off;
Debit 90-2 Credit 44-255,000 rub. m sales expenses are written off;
Debit 90-9 Credit 99-345,000 rub. (1,770,000-270,000-900,000-255,000)—profit from sales is reflected.

Other income in accounting

The list of other income is given in paragraph 7 and is open. Other income is:

receipts related to the provision of the organization’s assets for temporary use for a fee;
receipts related to the provision for a fee of rights arising from patents for inventions, industrial designs and other types of intellectual property;
proceeds related to participation in the authorized capitals of other organizations (including interest and other income on securities);
profit received as a result of joint activities;
proceeds from the sale of fixed assets and other assets other than cash (except foreign currency), products, goods;
interest received for providing the organization's funds for use, as well as interest for the bank's use of funds held in the organization's account with this bank;
fines, penalties, penalties for violation of contract terms;
assets received free of charge, including under a gift agreement;
proceeds to compensate for losses caused to the organization;
profit of previous years identified in the reporting year;
amounts of accounts payable and depositors for which the statute of limitations has expired;
exchange differences;
the amount of revaluation of assets;
Other income.

and Instructions for its use, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 31. 2000 No. 94n, account 91 “Other income and expenses” is intended to summarize information on other income and expenses of the reporting period.

91-1 “Other income”;
91-2 “Other expenses”;
91-9 “Balance of other income and expenses.”

Receipts of assets recognized as other income are recorded in subaccount 91-1 “Other income”. Subaccount 91-9 is intended to identify the balance of other income and expenses for the reporting month.

Accounting for account 91 is carried out as follows. Cumulatively during the reporting year, entries are made in subaccounts 91-1 and 91-2. Each month the balance of other income and expenses is determined by comparing the turnover in the debit of subaccount 91-2 and the credit of subaccount 91-1, which is then written off from subaccount 91-9 to account 99 “Profits and losses”. That is, account 91 balance on reporting date does not have.

At the end of the reporting year, sub-accounts opened to account 91 “Other income and expenses”, with the exception of sub-account 91-9, are closed with internal entries to sub-account 91-9. For account 91, analytical accounting should be kept for each type of other income and expenses in such a way that it is possible to identify the financial result for each operation.

The order in which other income is recognized in the accounting records of an organization is stated in paragraph 16 of PBU 9/99. If all five established conditions for revenue recognition are met, other revenues are recognized in accounting in the following order:

proceeds from the sale of fixed assets and other assets other than cash (except foreign currency), products, goods, as well as interest received for providing the organization’s funds for use, and income from participation in the authorized capital of other organizations (when this is not the subject of activities of the organization). In this case, for accounting purposes, interest is accrued for each expired reporting period in accordance with the terms of the agreement;
fines, penalties, penalties for violation of the terms of contracts, as well as compensation for losses caused to the organization - in the reporting period in which the court made a decision to collect them or they were recognized as a debtor;
the amount of accounts payable and depository debt for which the limitation period has expired - in the reporting period in which the limitation period has expired;
the amount of revaluation of assets - in the reporting period to which the date as of which the revaluation was made relates;
other receipts - as they are formed (identified).

Let's look at some of the income classified by PBU 9/99 as other income using examples.

Example. The organization has entered into a lease agreement under which it leases equipment it owns for a period of 1 month. Providing property for rent is not the main activity of the organization. Rental cost - 36,580 rubles, including VAT 18% - 5,580 rubles. The specified amount is transferred to the organization's bank account upon expiration of the lease term. The organization conducts settlements with the tenant on account 76 “Settlements with different debtors and creditors."
— Debit 76 Credit 91-1 “Other income” — 36,580 rubles. — rent accrued;
- Debit 91-2 “Other expenses” Credit 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees”, subaccount “Calculations for VAT” - 5580 rubles. — the amount of VAT on rent has been accrued;
— Debit 51 “Current accounts” Credit 76-36,580 rub. — the rent amount has been credited to the bank account.

Example. A VAT payer organization sells a car in November. The contractual cost of the car is 172,280 rubles, including VAT 18% - 26,280 rubles. The initial cost of the car is 336,960 rubles.

Term beneficial use, established by the organization upon acceptance of the vehicle for registration - 5 years, actual service life until the date of sale - 3 years.

Depreciation was charged in a linear way, the amount of accrued depreciation is 202,176 rubles. The residual value of the car is RUB 134,784.

- Debit 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors” Credit 91-1 “Other income” - 172,280 rubles. — the buyer’s debt for the sold car is taken into account;

- Debit 91-2 “Other expenses” Credit 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees” - 26,280 rubles. — VAT is charged on the sales amount;

- Debit 01-2 “Disposal of fixed assets” Credit 01-1 “Fixed assets in the organization” - 336,960 rubles. — the disposal of the car as a result of sale is reflected;

— Debit 02 “Depreciation of fixed assets” Credit 01-2 “Disposal of fixed assets” — 202,176 rubles. — the amount of depreciation accrued during the operation of the vehicle is written off;

— Debit 91-2 “Other expenses” Credit 01-2 “Disposal of fixed assets” — 134,784 rubles. - written off residual value sold car;

- Debit 51 “Settlements” Credit 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors” (62 “Settlements with buyers and customers”) - 172,280 rubles. — funds have been received from the buyer;

- Debit 91-9 “Balance of other income and expenses” Credit 99 “Profits and losses” - 11,216 rubles. — profit from the sale of the car is reflected.

Example. The lender organization provided the borrower organization with a loan on July 1, 2018 in cash in the amount of 326,000 rubles. for a period of 1 month. Interest rate according to the loan agreement is 14% per annum. The terms of the loan agreement stipulate that interest under the agreement is paid simultaneously with the repayment of the loan amount.
In the accounting records of the lending organization, operations for granting a loan and calculating interest will be reflected as follows:
In July 2018:
Debit 58-3 “Loans provided” Credit 51 “Current accounts” - 326,000 - reflected in financial investments funds provided under the loan agreement;
Debit 76, subaccount “Calculations for interest due”, Credit 91-1 “Other income” - 3876.27 rubles. — interest accrued due for July 2018 ((RUB 326,000 x 14%) / 365 days x 31 days).

In August 2018:
Debit 51 “Account settlements” Credit 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors”, subaccount “Calculations for interest due” - 3876.27 rubles. — interest received under the loan agreement;
Debit 51 “Current accounts” Credit 58-3 “Loans provided” - 326,000 rubles. - the loan amount is returned.

Classification of income in tax accounting

The concept of “income” in accounting and tax accounting is defined almost identically. For profit tax purposes, income is recognized as economic benefit in cash or in kind, taken into account if it is possible to evaluate it and to the extent that such benefit can be estimated.

Neither the Tax Code of the Russian Federation nor the Tax Code of the Russian Federation provides an explanation of the concept of “economic benefit”. This term is contained in the Concept of Accounting in market economy RF, approved by the Methodological Council on Accounting under the Ministry of Finance of Russia and the Presidential Council of the Institute professional accountants RF 12/29/1997. In accordance with paragraph 7.2.1 of the Concept, future economic benefits represent the potential ability of property to directly or indirectly contribute to the flow of cash into the organization. An asset is considered to provide future economic benefits to the entity when it can be:

used separately or in combination with another asset in the process of production of products, works, services intended for sale;
exchanged for another asset;
used to pay off an obligation;
distributed among the owners of the organization.

For profit tax purposes, income from leasing property and granting rights to intellectual property for use can be taken into account both as part of income from sales and as part of non-operating income. At the same time, in accounting, income from participation in the authorized capitals of other organizations can be taken into account either as part of income from ordinary activities, if this is the subject of the organization’s activities, or as part of other income, when participation in the authorized capitals of other organizations is not the subject of the organization’s activities. For profit tax purposes, income from participation in the authorized capital of other organizations is classified as non-operating income of the organization.

Thus, the list of income from ordinary activities in accounting and income from sales for profit tax purposes can be formed in the same way, with the exception of income from participation in the authorized capitals of other organizations.

Non-operating income for profit tax purposes includes income that is not recognized as income from sales. The list of non-operating income is quite large. Nevertheless, the wording given in Article 250 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, that “non-operating income of a taxpayer is recognized, in particular, as income...” allows us to conclude that the list remains open. We should not forget that not all funds and property received by an organization can be recognized as its income for tax accounting purposes (Article 251 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation contains a closed list of income that is not taken into account when determining tax base for income tax).

The list of income not taken into account when determining the tax base is much broader than the list of income not recognized as income in accounting. This results in some income being taken into account when determining accounting profit, but will not be taken into account when determining the tax base for income tax. In such a situation, you should be guided by PBU 18/02, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 19, 2002 No. 114n, which establishes the procedure for reflecting and accounting for differences arising between accounting and tax accounting data.

1. The concept of income and expenses, their recognition in accounting.

2. Accounting for income and expenses for core activities.

3. Accounting for other income and expenses.

1. The concept of income and expenses, their recognition in accounting.

The financial result of an organization's activities is defined as the difference between income and expenses incurred in connection with the receipt of income. The concept, procedure for recognition in accounting and classification of income and expenses are defined in the Accounting Regulations “Income of the organization” (PBU 9/99) and “Expenses of the organization” (PBU 10/99), approved by orders of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 05/06/99. No. 32n and No. ZZn.

Income organizations recognized an increase in economic benefits as a result of the receipt of assets (cash, other property) and (or) the repayment of liabilities, leading to an increase in the capital of this organization, with the exception of contributions from participants (owners of property). Not recognized as income organizing receipts from others

legal entities and individuals:

Amounts of value added tax, excise taxes, export duties and other similar mandatory payments;

By way of advance payment for products, goods, works, services;

Advances in payment for products, goods, works, services;

Deposit;

As a pledge, if the agreement provides for the transfer of the pledged property to the pledgee;

To repay a loan granted to a borrower.

Expenses organizations recognized a decrease in economic benefits as a result of the disposal of assets and (or) the occurrence of liabilities leading to a decrease in the capital of this organization, with the exception of a decrease in contributions by decision of participants (owners of property).

Does not apply to expenses asset disposal organizations:

In connection with the acquisition (creation) of non-current assets (fixed assets, construction in progress, intangible assets and so on.);

Contributions to the authorized capitals of other organizations, acquisition of shares and other securities;

Under commission agreements, agency and other similar agreements in favor of the principal, principal, etc.;

By way of advance payment for material and production

stocks and other valuables, works, services;

In the form of advances, deposits to pay for inventories and other valuables, works, services;

To repay a loan received by an organization.

The income and expenses of the organization, depending on their nature, the conditions for receipt and implementation, as well as the areas of activity of the organization, are divided into:

a) income and expenses from ordinary activities;

b) other income and expenses.

The established procedure for maintaining accounting records of income and expenses makes it possible to determine the financial result from ordinary activities and from other activities.

2. Accounting for income and expenses for core activities.

Income from ordinary activities considered revenue from the sale of products and goods, receipts associated with the performance of work and provision of services. In organizations whose subject of activity is the provision for a fee for the temporary use of their assets under a lease agreement, the provision for a fee of rights arising from patents for inventions, industrial designs and other types of intellectual property, participation in the authorized capital of other organizations, revenue is considered to be receipts, receipts which are associated with these types of activities. Income received by the organization from these types of activities, when this is not the subject of the organization’s activities, is classified as other income.

In accordance with clause 12 of PBU 9/99 Revenue is recognized in accounting if the following conditions are met:

1) the organization has the right to receive this revenue arising from a specific agreement or confirmed in another appropriate manner;

2) the amount of revenue can be determined;

3) there is confidence in increasing economic benefits as a result of a specific operation;

4) the right of ownership (possession, use, disposal) of the product (goods) has passed to the buyer or the work has been accepted by the customer (service provided);

5) the expenses that have been incurred or will be incurred in connection with this operation can be determined.

If at least one of the above conditions is not met in relation to cash or other assets received by the organization as payment, then accounts payable are recognized in accounting rather than revenue. To recognize revenue from the provision of temporary use of one’s assets for a fee and from participation in the authorized capital of other organizations, conditions 1, 2 and 3 must be simultaneously met.

Products with a long manufacturing cycle can be recognized as the work, service, product is ready, or upon completion of the work, provision of the service, or production of the product in general.

If the amount of revenue from the sale of products (works, services) cannot be determined, then it is taken into account in the amount of recognized expenses for the production of these products, performance of work, provision of services, which will subsequently be reimbursed to the organization.

Expenses for ordinary activities- these are expenses associated with the manufacture and sale of products, performance of work and provision of services, as well as the purchase and sale of goods.

In organizations whose subject of activity is the provision for a fee for temporary use of their assets under a lease agreement and rights arising from patents for inventions, industrial designs and other types of intellectual property, as well as participation in the authorized capital of other organizations, expenses for ordinary activities are considered expenses, the implementation of which is associated with these types of activities. If these types of activities are not the subject of the organization’s activities, then the costs of their implementation are classified as other expenses.

Expenses for ordinary activities also include reimbursement of the cost of fixed assets, intangible assets and other depreciable assets, carried out in the form of depreciation charges. In accordance with clause 16 of PBU 10/99 expenses are recognized in accounting if the following conditions are met:

1) the expense is made in accordance with a specific agreement, the requirements of legislative and regulatory acts, and business customs;

2) the amount of expenses can be determined;

3) there is confidence that as a result of a particular transaction there will be a decrease in the economic benefits of the organization (i.e. when the organization has transferred an asset or there is no uncertainty regarding the transfer of assets).

If at least one of the specified conditions is not met in relation to any expenses of the organization, then accounts receivable are recognized in accounting. Depreciation is recognized as an expense based on the amount of depreciation charges, determined on the basis of the cost of depreciable assets, useful life and the methods of depreciation adopted by the organization. Expenses are subject to recognition in accounting, regardless of the intention to receive revenue, operating or other income and the form of the expense (monetary, in-kind and other).

Income and expenses are recorded on synthetic account 90 “Sales”. At the end of the month, based on the analytical accounting registers, the turnover of account 90 “Sales” is formed. Credit turnover on account 90 reflects the volume of sales (profits) of the organization for the month. The debit of account 90 reflects the costs associated with the sale of goods: VAT, excise taxes, cost of sales and distribution costs. By comparing debit and credit turnovers, the financial result from sales for the month is revealed, reflected in account 99.

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