Business card of China in geography 11. Geography lesson "China. General characteristics." Province where pandas are bred

Slide 3

EGP of China

• Region: Central and Eastern by which 14 countries? Washed by: 3 non-freezing seas Climate: from temperate sharp continental to tropical monsoon. Waters: 2nd place in terms of reserves of water resources on the river. Yangtze, Yellow River, Xijiang, Songhua. Relief: West - mountains??? East - plain??? Land resources: W, C, N - pastures, East - arable land

Slide 4

China's population density: what are the reasons for this uniqueness?

• Describe the distribution of the population. What is the reason?

Slide 5

Population of China

• Population - 1.3 billion people (2004); 30% - city dwellers
• Average density is 108 people/sq.km.
• Average life expectancy:
• men 68 years old, women 70 years old.
• Official languages: Chinese: (7 dialects)
• Believers: Confucians, Taoists, Buddhists, Muslims.
• Type of reproduction - 1; E.P.=25- 10=15
• Demographic policy: “One family, one child”
• Multinational country - 50 nations:
• 90% are Chinese, 10% are Uighurs, Kazakhs, Tibetans, Mao, Yao, Zhuang.
• Occupation: Agriculture and mining industry -18%,
• manufacturing industry and construction - 51%,
• banks and services - 31%.

Slide 6

Demographic situation

• Type of reproduction - 1;
• E.P. = 25- 10 = 15
• Demographic policy:
• "One family - one child"
• Predominance of the male population.
• A large number of children and youth.
• Chinese people who have many children forget their birthdays. What do they do without wanting to deprive them of this holiday?

Slide 7

"Chinese Economic Miracle"

• Today China combines old and new, ancient and modern, young and obsolete.
• All this set in motion and created an atmosphere of change that characterizes the current appearance of the “KEC” country.
• The concept " economic miracle” denote periods of rapid economic development of the country as a whole.

Slide 8

Chinese economy

• Main economic indicator country development is GDP

Slide 9

Development indicators

• Average annual rate GDP growth-8% - 1st place in the world.
• The volume of industrial and agricultural production is 11.4% of the world - 2nd place in the world.
• Freight turnover of all types of transport 1st place in the world
• Employment by economic sectors: 20% -54% -26%
• China has 16 first places in industrial and 12 in agricultural sectors.

Slide 10

Structure of the economy Analyze the table, draw a conclusion: where, how is it created Country's GDP?

Slide 11

Commodity structure of foreign trade

• Ratio finished goods raw materials 1970 50% 50% 1990 85% 15%
• The growth rate of China's foreign trade outpaces the growth rate of GDP in 180 countries.
• exports - 7th place, imports - 9th place in the world, positive balance.
• Imports account for 75% of finished products (the share of light industry has decreased due to the growth of mechanical engineering).
• Conclusion: from a country with a closed economy, China has turned into a country where 50% of GDP is generated in trade.

Slide 12

Secrets of the Chinese miracle

• Export-oriented direction of the economy.
• Rapid development and production of modern products.
• Cheap labor means lower cost of goods.
• ……Add secrets to the list.

D/Z List the branches of specialization of industry and agriculture and their geography.

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Presentation on the topic "Chinese Economy" on geography in powerpoint format. This presentation for schoolchildren discusses issues related to the economic development of China, the structure of the country's economy, and its indicators.

Fragments from the presentation

Business card of China.

• Official name: PRC - since 1949
• People's Republic of China
• Square; 9597 thousand km
• Capital: Beijing -10 million people.
• Largest cities: Shanghai, Tianjin, Shenyang, Wuhan. (40 millionaire cities)
• Administrative division: 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions.
• 3 central cities: Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin
• The currency is the yuan.

EGP of China

• Region: Central and East Asia
• Borders: with which 14 countries?
• Washed by: 3 ice-free seas
• Climate: from moderate continental to tropical monsoon.
• Water: 2nd place in terms of hydroelectric reserves on the river. Yangtze, Yellow River, Xijiang, Songhua.
• Relief: West-mountains???East-plain???
• Land resources: W, C, N - pastures, East - arable land

Population of China

• Population - 1.3 billion people (2004); 30% - city dwellers
• Average density is 108 people/sq.km.
• Average life expectancy: men 68 years, women 70 years.
• Official languages: Chinese: (7 dialects)
• Believers: Confucians, Taoists, Buddhists, Muslims.
• Type of reproduction - 1; E.P.=25- 10=15
• Demographic policy: “One family, one child”
• Predominance of the male population.
• A large number of children and youth.
• Multinational country - 50 nations: 90% Chinese, 10% Uighurs, Kazakhs, Tibetans, Mao, Yao, Zhuang.
• Employment: agriculture and mining -18%,
• manufacturing industry and construction - 51%,
• banks and services - 31%.

"Chinese Economic Miracle"

• Today China combines old and new, ancient and modern, young and obsolete.
• All this set in motion and created an atmosphere of change that characterizes the current appearance of the “KEC” country.
• The concept of “economic miracle” refers to periods of rapid economic development of the country as a whole.

Development indicators

• Average annual GDP growth rate -8% - 1st place in the world.
• The volume of industrial and agricultural production is 11.4% of the world - 2nd place in the world.
• Freight turnover of all types of transport 1st place in the world
• Employment by economic sectors: 20% -54% -26%
• China has 16 first places in industrial and 12 in agricultural sectors.

Secrets of the Chinese miracle

• Export-oriented direction of the economy.
• Rapid development and production of modern products.
• Cheap labor means lower cost of goods.

1. On political and physical cards Atlas, determine the neighboring countries of China and the degree of accessibility of its borders.

In the northeast, China borders with the DPRK and Russia, in the north - with Mongolia, in the northwest - with Russia and Kazakhstan, in the west - with Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Afghanistan, in the southwest - with Pakistan, India, Nepal and Bhutan , in the south - with Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam. Some of China's borders run through the highlands and are therefore not very accessible; others, although they stretch mostly through the mountains, thanks to convenient intermountain basins, do not interfere with interstate connections.

2. Using maps, determine the features of the economic and geographical position of China.

The People's Republic of China is a state located in East and Central Asia. It occupies 1/4 of the area of ​​Asia. In the east, the country is washed by the seas of the Pacific Ocean. It stretches from west to east for 5700 km, and from north to south - for 3650 km. In terms of area, China ranks third in the world after Russia and Canada. The country is characterized by contrasting natural landscapes - from high mountain Tibet to the Turfan depression (-154 m). It borders with 13 Asian countries (DPRK, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Mongolia, Pakistan). The length of land borders is 21.5 thousand km, sea borders are 15 thousand km. China is located in the basins of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, in different climatic zones - temperate, subtropical and tropical, in different climatic areas- monsoon in the east and sharply continental and dry - in the west. China is one of the world's most resource-rich countries. Here they mine: coal, oil, magnesium and iron ores, tungsten, copper, graphite and tin.

3. Using the physical and economic maps of the country, determine where: a) agricultural areas of China are located; b) industrial areas of China.

a) Rice is grown on irrigated lands mainly in the south of the country and in the Yangtze Valley, wheat - on the Great Chinese Plain and in the Yellow River Valley. Wherever natural conditions allow, potatoes, vegetables, and fruits are cultivated. Cotton predominates among industrial crops, the main crops of which are confined to the Yellow River and Yangtze basins. China is famous for tea, which is cultivated on the terraced mountain slopes in the southeast and south.

b) The largest industrial centers countries: Anyi'an, Benxi, Baotou, Wuhan (ferrous metallurgy); Shanghai, Shenyang, Tianjin, Harbin, Beijing, Luoyang, Changchun (mechanical engineering), etc.

4. What is the geopolitical and economic importance common border between Russia and China?

The Russian-Chinese border took more than 300 years to form. This process is not completed today. The formation of the border reflects the progress of Russia’s development of Siberia and Far East, and China in its western and northern regions. To form the border big influence influenced and is influenced by the changing ratio of economic and military-political weight of both countries. Economic functions The Russian-Chinese border is associated with the general dynamics of world economic relations, with their growing liberalization.

The Russian-Chinese border is not only a geopolitical boundary. It separates different civilizational, demographic and political systems. But large cultural differences are not a barrier to China's economic and demographic expansion into Russia's border regions. This expansion is also taking place across the Russian-Kazakh border. This is due, on the one hand, to the transparent Kazakh-Chinese and Kyrgyz-Chinese borders, and on the other, to the formation of a customs union within the Eurasian Economic Community.

5. What are the characteristics of the Chinese population?

Almost every fifth person on Earth is a citizen of the People's Republic of China, whose population is more than 1.3 billion people. The PRC has enormous labor resources. Persons in working age there are more than 800 million people. Children and youth (under 30 years of age) make up half of the country's total population.

The overwhelming majority of the population (more than 90%) of the country are Chinese (Han), but here (primarily in the autonomous regions) there are also many representatives of national minorities - Zhuangs, Mongols, Uyghurs, Kazakhs, Tibetans, etc.

China is a country of many religions. The Hui, Uyghurs, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, Tatars, Uzbeks, Tajiks and others profess Islam, the religion of the Tibetans, Mongols, and Thais is Buddhism-Lamaism. Christianity is common among some nationalities, and shamanism is common among the majority of Orochons, Evenks and Daurs. But most believers profess Taoism and Confucianism. Due to the enormous differences in natural conditions, population density ranges from 1-2 people in the Tibet Autonomous Region to 1000 people per 1 km2 in some places on the Great Chinese Plain. China is still a poorly urbanized country (less than half of its inhabitants live in cities), but the number of millionaire cities here, like no other country in the world, is about 50.

6. What problems does China face due to its high birth rate?

This large population, on the one hand, predetermines the availability of huge labor resources, on the other hand, it makes it difficult to increase the income of the population, aggravates housing and food problems, reduces employment opportunities, etc. That is why, back in the middle of the 20th century. China began to implement an effective demographic policy aimed at limiting the birth rate.

7. What explains the rapid growth of China's economy?

Among the factors that determined China's unprecedented economic breakthrough, it is worth noting the following: preference at the initial stage of reforms for industries where limited government investment could ensure rapid growth (food, light); active encouragement foreign investment(especially huaqiao - Chinese living abroad); transfer of land for use by individual farms; conducting effective regional policy with broad rights local authorities in the development of the local economy; political, social and financial stability countries and, of course, the enormous hard work of the Chinese.

8. What are the specifics of the administrative-territorial structure of the PRC?

Territorial contrasts in the PRC are very pronounced. They concern nature, the economy, and the standard of living of the population. All 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 cities of central subordination and 2 special administrative regions are distinguished by great originality (see Figure 80). In addition to the five autonomous regions with provincial rights, there are also 30 autonomous okrugs and 124 autonomous districts (somona). Such diversity of the country is explained by many reasons; firstly, the vastness of the territory and extremely diverse natural conditions; secondly, the ethnic diversity of the population and the cultural specificity of the Han people themselves, which varies markedly depending on where they live; thirdly, the uneven population of the country and the varying degrees of economic development of the territory.

9. Choose the correct statement:

1) In many economic indicators, China leads among the countries of the world.

2) In China, only mining and light industry are developed.

3) China has made a rapid economic leap.

4) China has an agrarian and raw material economy.

5) China has made great strides in social economic development, but in terms of per capita indicators it lags far behind the majority developed countries peace.

10. Match:

1) Macao (Macau); 2) Shanghai, Harbin; 3) Wuhan, Baotou; 4) Luoyang, Changchun. A) millionaire cities; B) centers of ferrous metallurgy; B) a former colony of Portugal; D) mechanical engineering centers.

1 - B, 2 - A, 3 - B, 4 - D

12. Based on the text of the paragraph, maps, and textbook appendices, create a business card of the PRC.

China is a country that still represents a mystery to many, a symbol of something distant and incomprehensible. The vast territory of China is located in the vastness of Central and East Asia. The north of China is boundless steppes, often covered with snow in winter, the south is tropical greenery and a warm sea. China is a country with a rich past and no less interesting present, a country that combines loyalty to the traditions of one of the world's most ancient civilizations and the modern rhythm of life in large cities. Rich story and the country's culture, vast territory and natural diversity create a wide range of travel and recreation opportunities.

13. China is one of the most ancient countries in the world. Using your textbook and history knowledge, remember and write a short story “What China Gave to Humanity.”

China is home to some of the most significant inventions of human civilization, including the four great inventions of ancient China: paper, the compass, gunpowder, and printing (both woodblock printing and typesetting). The Chinese invented original technologies in the fields of mechanics, hydraulics, mathematics as applied to the measurement of time, metallurgy, astronomy, agriculture, mechanical design, music theory, art, navigation and warfare. Ancient China made an invaluable contribution to the development of science and technology. The entire richness of their culture is amazing, and it is impossible to overestimate its importance for world culture. Many of the discoveries made by Europeans were much later, and technologies long kept secret allowed China to flourish and develop for many centuries independently of other countries.

14. Why do you think East China has benefited more from reforms and economic opening up, rather than the interior provinces?

This is due to the economic lag of the internal provinces, due to natural conditions, a lower degree of development of the territories, and an insignificant flow of foreign investment.

If you are going to business trip to China, it should be taken into account that the mentality of the local residents is very different from the Russian and Western ones. In particular, there are special rules according to which business cards are issued and presented. This article will discuss the main points that should be taken into account, because today a business card is an inseparable element of a business image.

How to design a business card when going on a business trip to China

The business card design can be anything, but don’t forget about style and taste. Chinese partners will certainly appreciate black and white business cards (classics always look respectable) and business cards with gold design, since this color is considered noble. In China, unlike Western countries, on business cards the surname is indicated first, and then the first name.

An important point: notes on the back of a business card may be considered disrespectful, and writing information on the blank side may be considered a sign of bad taste. If the circumstances are such that it is impossible to do without it, apologize and ask permission. It goes without saying that no mistakes are allowed on a business card. If you are poorly versed in a foreign language, turn to a professional - it’s better to be safe than sorry later.

On employee business cards public services the flag of the country will look appropriate, and commercial organizations- Company `s logo. However, in any case, business cards without indicating the last name and first name, only with the name of the organization, are unacceptable. A business card is a personal thing.

You need to know: the quality of paper and design style will be assessed by the Chinese as carefully as the information placed on a business card.

A business card should be informative. Firstly, this means that when specifying phone numbers, be sure to write not only the city code, but also the country code. Imagine yourself as a Chinese: what numbers will you need to call this number? Secondly, when indicating your position, pay attention to the fact that it reveals the essence of your powers (for example, deputy director of public relations or senior specialist in information technology, and not just “deputy director” or “senior manager”)

Presenting a business card is a real ritual

Presenting a business card in China is one of the ceremonies of business etiquette, which provides for certain rules:

1. Pass a business card tediously with both hands, carefully holding the edges.

2. According to local traditions, the more respect and the higher the status of the recipient, the lower the bow. However, no one expects this from foreign partners, and a slight tilt of the head as a sign of attention will be enough.

3. If you are given a business card, do not rush to hide it in your pocket - the person will decide that you treated him without due attention and respect. Look at it, smile, hold it in your hands.

4. When in China, ALWAYS take business cards with you - even to an informal dinner at a restaurant. In this country, it is customary to exchange business cards whenever you meet someone. If you don’t have them with you, your interlocutor will decide that you were poorly prepared, showed irresponsibility and disregard for traditions.

Many Chinese may regard departure from the canons as a personal insult.

Choosing a language

When ordering business cards for visiting China, the question always arises - what language should the text be in? English is a more classic version, Chinese is more respectful. One solution in this case is double-sided business cards. The ideal option is to make 2 types of business cards: in English and in Chinese, and decide according to the situation which one is best to give to a given person.

Municipal educational institution "Uzunovskaya Secondary School"

Lesson topic:

China.

Grade 11

Teacher: Smyslova Elena Sergeevna

2012

Target:

To form in students a concrete understanding of the role of China in the modern world;

Identify the leading sectors of the country’s economy: achievements and problems;

To develop cognitive interest in the subject and mental activity of students;

To consolidate the practical skills of students in working with the text of the textbook, atlas maps, statistical material, map diagrams, diagrams, tables.

Lesson objectives:

1. Educational: to form an idea of ​​the region, country.
2. Developmental: to intensify the cognitive activity of students using information technology,development of speech and thinking.
3. Educational: formation of a system of viewing the world, respect for foreign culture.

1. Equipment:

1. Multimedia projector
2. Economic map of China
3. National clothing (women's dress)
4. Chinese household items (chopsticks, tea set)
5. Souvenirs: Great Wall of China, glass paintings, fan, silk
6. Coins and paper notes
7. Chinese music recordings

Lesson structure:

1. Organizational
2. Learning new material
3. Lesson summary

Individual students in the class are given advanced assignments on the following questions: symbols of the country, brief historical reference, Chinese discoveries, features of the life of the population.

Key concepts to the topic:

Population explosion;

Demographic policy;

Population reproduction;

Urbanization;

Population density;

World Religions;

National religions;

GDP;

The colony.

Checking homework:

1. number of countries in Overseas Asia;

2. countries of Foreign Asia by form of government and territorial and administrative structure;

3. the city of which state is the birthplace of three religions;

4. grouping countries by geographic location;

5. population of Foreign Asia;

6. indicator of the level and quality of life of the population;

7. grouping of countries by level of economic development;

8. a country that is one of the seven economically developed countries in the world.

2. Learning new material:
Teacher: There are many bright, interesting countries in foreign Asia. One of them is often called the Celestial Empire. –
- Which country is called that?
Lesson topic: China - yesterday, today, tomorrow
China is a country with an interesting past, a bright present and a great future.
Today your comrades will help me, they have prepared an interesting and important information about the country and will be happy to share it with you.
Your task: Based on what you heard and saw, compose a description of China, fill out the task cards, insert the missing words, fill in contour map on assignment.

So let's go...
1.General information about China.
Student:
Slide 1.
China is the most big country in Foreign Asia its area is 9561 thousand. sq.km. This is 3rd place in the world, after Russia and Canada. The country has been ranked first in terms of population for a very long time. By form of government, China is a republic. This country is unitary, although administratively and territorially it is divided into 23 provinces (including Taiwan), five autonomous regions and four centrally subordinate cities - Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin and Chongqing. The capital of China is Beijing ( Bejin) . Monetary unit country is the yuan.
Slide 2.
–Which region does the country belong to?
Slide 3.
2.Economic geographical position countries
The country is washed by the waters of the Yellow, East China and South China Seas of the Pacific Ocean. There are many islands off the coast of China, the largest of which are Taiwan and Hainan. China borders with more than 10 countries: in the north - with Mongolia and Russia, in the west - with Kazakhstan and Afghanistan, in the southwest with India, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, in the east with Korea, has a sea border with the Philippines and Japan. The length of the sea borders is approximately 11 thousand km, the length of the land borders is about 15 thousand km. The country has one time zone. Time is 4 hours ahead of Moscow in summer and 5 hours in winter.
Teacher: Heraldry is the science of state symbols.

Slide 4

Student:
The word "China" ” comes from the name of the tribe Khitan , who ruled in the north when the first contacts between European and Chinese civilizations took place. This word originally came to European languages ​​as Catai - this is the name given to China Marco Polo during his trip to Asia . Literally, the word China means “middle state.” Currently official name countries -People's Republic of China
The mythological symbol of China is the dragon, which in the Celestial Empire was a kind, gracious, merciful creature to people. For this, the Chinese loved their dragons and gave them high honors. Even the imperial throne was called the “dragon throne.” The state's coat of arms also featured a dragon.

Slide 5, 6
TEACHER : China is the birthplace of many inventions. Each of them has its own story. We'll meet two of them

Teacher: THE COUNTRY DOES NOT HAVE A PRESENT OR FUTURE IF THERE IS NO PAST. THE HISTORY OF CHINA, IS saturated with a variety of events, arouses great interest and respect.

Teacher: One of these majestic structures that has reached us is the Great Wall of China.

Slide 9
Student:
The Great Wall of China is so huge that you can’t even see it in its entirety even from an airplane. But it is the only structure on Earth that is clearly visible from space. Scientists are still arguing about its length, citing two figures - more than 4000 km and more than 5000 km. And the width of the stone road is such that a row of ten infantrymen or five horsemen can pass along it. Local residents call the wall “a divine thread that connects the shreds of the Chinese state.” Its other names are less poetic - “The Wall, a section of the Great Chinese Wall of Tears and Suffering” or “The Longest Cemetery in the World”. According to rough estimates, at least a million Chinese are buried in the Wall, which seems to stretch into infinity, who died at a truly great construction site during the reign of the powerful Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi (which means “First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty”), who lived in the 3rd century. BC It is believed that this stone mass, stretching along the entire northern border of the country, was built to protect China from attacks by enemies (in ancient times these were the Huns and Mongols). However, an insurmountable barrier did not actually always save from the attacks of conquerors. The wall, for example, did not bother the battle-hardened army of Genghis Khan. And the last successful assault on the wall was undertaken in 1933, when the Japanese invaded China.)

Near the city of Xi'an, archaeologists discovered an entire army - 7 thousand soldiers with carts and horses. This find is part of the tomb of Qin Shi Huangdi, the first emperor of China (221-209 BC). He put an end to state fragmentation and proclaimed an empire, built the Great Wall, and introduced a unified written language. It took 700 thousand prisoners 36 years to build the tomb. There are only 38 columns. No warrior is alike. The details of the costume correspond to military ranks and branches of the military. The burial chamber of the emperor himself is not yet accessible. He is buried under a mound 76 meters high.

1. Nature of the country

Teacher: The nature of China is rich and varied. Sea coasts stretch for thousands of kilometers. The further inland the country, the less precipitation. The northwestern regions are the driest, with deserts located there (Taklamakan, Gobi, Ordos) there is practically no precipitation. High mountains and highlands (Tibet is more than 2000m above sea level) and vast plains occupy huge areas. The country has deposits of 150 world-known minerals. China is one of the 8 mining nations in the world.
- Based on the atlas map, what minerals is the country rich in and which ones does it export to the world market?
Yangtze, Yellow River, - the most famous rivers, have access toQuietocean
About 500 species grow in Chinabamboos, forming 3% of the forests in which the bamboo bear, the panda, lives.In China, pandas are a symbol of peace and friendship. There is a legend that says that the panda used to be white. But one day, when she was being hunted by a leopard, the good fairy rushed to protect the panda, who died, and the rescued animal cried bitter black tears, which stained its white fur.

1. Population of the country

Slide 10
IN November2000China held its fifth All-Chinapopulation census. As shown statistics, total number population in the continental part of the country is 1 billion 265 million 830 thousand people and isthe largest in the world. To slow down population growth,1979China switched to a planned policychildbirth. Target government- one child per family, with exceptions for ethnic minorities. They resist it, especially in rural areas. Families who violate the policy often lie duringcensus.
Slide 11
Although natural increase The population in China has already dropped to an average level, it is still growing much year after year.
Slide 12
The country is multinational. About 55 different people live in Chinapeoples- each with his owncustoms, national costumesand in many cases with your owntongue. But with all their diversity and richnessculturaltraditions- these peoples make up only about 7% of the populationcountries. The main people are Chinese, calling themselves "hantsy." Population density varies greatly: max – in the east (why) less in the northwestern parts.
Slide 13
There are many large cities, of which 50 are millionaire cities. The largest of which is Shanghai.
China ranks first in the world in terms of the number of citizens. There are 370 million of them in China, but this is 38% of the total population. China is a moderately urbanized country.
Slide 14
Chinese is a very difficult language to learn. Writing is even more difficult. There are still about 250 million illiterates in the country.
China is a country with rich traditions in the fields of culture, medicine, weaving, national cuisine, painting, etc. It is impossible not to note the wonderful qualities of this people - hard work, perseverance, patience, patriotism.
Student
The Chinese are very sensitive to gifts and consider them as an important part of communication. Contrary to Western concepts, odd numbers are unlucky according to Chinese concepts. Thus, wedding gifts and birthday gifts are always given in pairs, according to the old belief that luck favors the couple. The number four is considered the number of death in China and should be avoided. Watches are also not customary to give as gifts in China; they symbolize funerals, so it is taboo.
Since ancient times, the basis of the Chinese costume (men's and women's) were long pants and a loose, swinging jacket or robe with a left-to-right wrap and a ribbon tie. Later, the women changed into sweaters and skirts similar to European ones. Women's outfits differed from men's ones mainly in the exceptional beauty of the embroidered color patterns. the sleeves covered the entire hand. . For jewelry, women preferred earrings made of milky green jade and the same bracelets. Special attention Chinese women paid attention to their hairstyle, which most often consisted of a hair knot secured with hairpins. Hairstyles were decorated with complex structures made of pearls and jade, and flowing pendants. Taking into account the ideals of beauty, femininity, grace, small arms and legs, restraint of movements, gestures, and gait were valued in Chinese women. Throughout China, it was a common custom to tightly bandage girls' feet to stop their growth. The length of an adult woman's shoe reached only 9-12 cm. Despite their natural dark complexion, women valued the whiteness of their faces. Therefore, white and blush were widely used in decorative cosmetics.
Slide 15

1. General characteristics of the farm

TEACHER: TODAY'S CHINA IS THE MOST DYNAMICALLY DEVELOPING COUNTRY. THIS IS EVIDENCED BY THE FACTS:
Student
3rd PLACE IN ECONOMY VOLUME, 2nd IN FOREIGN CURRENCY RESERVES, 1st PLACE IN PRODUCTION OF 26 ITEM(TVS, WASHING WINDOWS, BICYCLES, SHOES...) THE PRC MAINTAINS RELATIONS WITH 182 COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD. AMBITIOUS GOALS IN SPACE CONSTRUCTION. GREAT ATTENTION IS PAID TO MEDICINE. THIS IS A WHOLE PHILOSOPHY INSERIVALY CONNECTED WITH THE TREATMENT PROCESS.
Slide 16
OF INTEREST IS THE FORECAST FOR 2050.
Slide 17
Despite all that has been said, China is still classified as developing countries. Reason – GDP indicator per capita. According to it, the country ranks 121st
Slide 18
.GDP growth dynamics are the highest in the world. Over the past 50 years, more than 370 thousand new industrial enterprises. Today, factories and factories in China produce products worth 2.1 billion yuan every day. The PRC industry is represented by 360 industries. In terms of the total number of factories and factories, China ranks first in the world. The “face” of the country in the modern world is determined by heavy industry.

1. Geography of industry of the most important sectors

Slide 19
In China's ferrous metallurgy, pig iron smelting traditionally prevails over steel smelting. Excess iron is partly used for the production of agricultural implements, household products, castings, and partly exported. At the same time, China has to make up for the shortage of many types of rolled products and special steels through imports.
Slide 20
Mechanical engineering in China is developing rapidly. The largest centers mechanical engineering are Shanghai, Harbin, Beijing, Shenyang, Tianjin, Dalian. Needs domestic market China's cars are now almost entirely supplied own production, imports account for 9–10% of sales, although back in 1993–1994. the market was divided equally between imports and domestic production. Production passenger cars in China, 90% is provided by joint ventures with foreign manufacturers such as Volkswagen, Toyota, Peugeot, Citroen, Honda, Renault, Nissan, BMW.
Slide 21
4/5 of electricity production is based on thermal power plants running on coal and oil. A hydropower development program is underway, with cascades of hydroelectric power stations being built in the upper reaches of the Yangtze and Yellow River.
Slide 22
The textile industry is represented by 23 thousand enterprises. These are mainly cotton and silk factories, working both for the domestic and foreign markets.
There are 4 large industrial bases in China:-
1.Beijing-Tianjin-Tanshan
2)Shanghai-Ningbo-Hangzhou
3) Liaoning - Dalian - Shenyang
4).Guangzhou

8. Geography of agriculture
Slide 23
Agriculture in China plays a huge role in the economic development of the country, since up to 70% of the supply of raw materials to light industry is carried out precisely at the expense of its own potential. More than 313 million people are employed in agriculture, and about 850 million people with family members.
the main problem- constant shortage of land. Of the 320 million hectares of cultivated areas, only 224 million hectares can be used. Home industry– crop production.The main food crops are rice, wheat, corn, kaoliang, millet, tubers and soybeans.Wheat is the second most important grain crop. To date, no country in the world has such high wheat harvests as China. Corn and wheat growing areas are called "yellow China"

Slide 24

About 20% acreage occupied by rice, it accounts for approximately half of the country's total grain harvest. The main rice-growing areas are located south of the Yellow River. Over the centuries-old history of rice cultivation in China, about 10 thousand varieties of this cereal have been bred. In China, the cultivation of industrial crops is of great importance. As a result of the current price structure, their production is much more profitable than grain, cotton, vegetables and fruits.
China occupies not the last place in the world in growing tea, which is used as medicine since the 4th century AD, and since the 6th century it has been a common drink. Until now, most varieties of green and black tea are almost exclusively exported. Rice and tea growing areas are called "green China"

In agricultural lowland areas they are mainly bred pigs (China ranks first in the world in terms of their number), draft livestock and poultry.
The northwestern regions are characterized by extensive, nomadic or semi-nomadic cattle breeding. This is Dry China

In the southwest, agriculture is not developed at all. This is "Cold China".
Livestock production and consumption, especially per capita, are low. Interestingly, until recently, dairy farming was poorly developed. Almost no milk was consumed.

1. Transport of the country

Transport is one of the main componentseconomy. In terms of the length of railway tracks, China ranks 2nd in the world, behind the United States, but ahead of Russia. Throughout 2010, active construction of new lines continued, as well as electrification of existing ones. China has the world's largest networkhigh speed rail. The train speed is more than 350 km/h.
Qinghai-Tibet Railway inTibet- the highest mountain Railway(up to 5072 m above sea level), the construction cost of which amounted to $4.2 billion.
Maritime transport serves the country's foreign trade. China has more than 2,000 ports, 130 of which receive foreign ships. The largest 16 ports in China have a turnover of 50 million tons per year. (world ports). It is estimated that by 2010, 35% of the world's waterborne transport will take place in China.

Spacious, with high-quality coating car roads, complex multi-tiered interchanges are worthy of respect. So far, China has little understanding of traffic congestion.

10.Features of life and everyday life (at home, kitchen)
Teacher: Take a closer look at the appearance of cities. They are very modern and organic, striking with bright illumination and upward aspiration. Our journey is coming to an end, but first we’ll take a look at a Chinese restaurant. Let's get acquainted with the features of Chinese cuisine

Student:
Chinese cuisine is widely popular, very varied and not for the squeamish. The Chinese themselves say that they eat everything that has four legs, except tables. In most cases, it is simply preparing gourmet dishes from a limited number of ingredients. Chinese cuisine can be roughly divided into four regional categories: Beijing and Shandong (with reheated buns and paperclip-shaped pasta), Catonese and Qiaozhou (lightly cooked meats and vegetables), Shanghai (home of "red" dishes and prime rib meats), and Xi'an (very spicy with lots of chili sauce). Tea is one of the most common non-alcoholic drinks. Another favorite drink is maotai, which is made from sorghum, with the smell of medical alcohol, which successfully replaces gasoline and paint thinner.

The uniqueness of Chinese cuisine lies not so much in the original product, but in the methods of processing it. All dishes are usually multi-component, and each component is subjected to separate heat treatment in special regime. Heat treatment does not take long. All products are cut into identical small “one bite” pieces for easy eating. You can fry or boil such pieces in 2-3 minutes. Often, batter is used for cooking to preserve the original juiciness of the product.
It is typical that the Chinese try to give the product an unusual taste: “pork with a fishy flavor,” “beef with a fruity flavor,” etc. If the chicken still had the taste of chicken, then why did you have to work hard and do something with it?

4. Lesson summary:
Teacher: China is an amazing country with a long history, unique culture and philosophy. Ancient pagodas and mirrored skyscrapers, traditional culture and ultra-modern production coexist peacefully here! Today we received only the most general idea about the country, but I want to believe that it did not leave you indifferent and gave rise to a desire to get to know it in more detail.

Application.

Create a “business card” of China:

Area - ………………………….(place in the world);

Population - ……………………… (place in the world);

Length:

z-v - ………………………….

s-yu - …………………………;

The total length of land borders is …………………….(location in the world);

The length of the sea borders is 14,000 km;

Washed by the seas (see map of the atlas) –

The form of government of China is………………………………………..;

Capital - ………………………………………………………..;

Administrative - territorial division - ………………………..;

Number of provinces - ……………………………………………;

Autonomous regions - ………………………………………………………………;

Cities of central subordination (see map) - ……………………………………………………….;

Which island was declared the “Republic of China” in 1949 - …………………….

China's population is ………………………………;

For how long has China been the leader in population - ………………;

What does the saying mean: “Ren shan, ren hai” - ………………………………….;

The last census of China was in - …………………………….;

Demographic policy (p. 61) -…

Types of population reproduction in China (Table No. 2, page 62) - ..................................... .....;

Population reproduction formula (map No. 13 p. 63) - ………………………;

The vast majority of China's population consists of ………….., who call themselves …………….;

They live in ………………….part of China (see map);

Why did this majority populate ………………………part of the country (explain!).

Modern China………………………., occupying important positions in the world economy;

China forms the third largest economic center of the world economy;

China occupies ……………………… place in the world in the production of ……………….. types of ………………… and ……………….. products (see page 238, 262 No. 19);

New industries: electronics, aerospace;

The face of China is largely determined by ………………………… They gravitate to………… (Article 238);

The machine-building complex is dominated not by…………………, but by …………………. enterprises;

At half rural areas The country has no electricity, and agriculture is dominated by manual labor.

Agriculture plays a very important role in the Chinese economy, employing more than……………… people;

The main agricultural areas are located in the eastern part of the country…………………..;

Here they grow:

see page 239

Rice is the main bread of the population (page 262 No. 20);

China is a leader in the production of cotton, silkworm, rice and other crops;

Name the livestock industries in China.