Balance sheet (form No. 1). Instructions, rules and filling procedure

Balance sheet- this is a way of generalizing and grouping the assets of the economy and the sources of their formation - liabilities - at a certain date in monetary value. Balance sheet indicators characterize the financial position of the organization as of the reporting date.

The main task balance sheet – show the owner what he owns or what capital is under his control. The balance sheet allows you to get an idea of ​​material assets, the amount of reserves, the state of payments, and investments. Balance sheet data is widely used for subsequent analysis by the management of the organization, tax authorities, banks, suppliers and other creditors.

Consists of 2 main parts - asset And passive. The asset represents the organization's resources, and the liability represents the sources of their formation. Distinctive feature balance sheet - equality of totals of assets and liabilities. This is due to the principle double entry used in accounting.

Assets The balance sheet contains 2 sections:

• I. Non-current assets;
• II. Current assets.

Passive The balance sheet consists of 3 sections:

• III. Capital and reserves;
• IV. Long term duties;
• V. Short-term liabilities.

Each asset and liability element of the balance sheet is called balance sheet item. Asset items reveal the nature of resources, their use and magnitude. Liability items characterize the sources of resource formation, namely: from what source this part of the assets was created, for what purpose they are intended and their value.

When preparing a balance sheet, keep the following in mind:

• the balance sheet data at the beginning of the year must correspond to the data at the end of last year (taking into account the reorganization);
• offset between items of assets and liabilities, items of profit and loss is not allowed, except in cases where such offset is provided for by the relevant Regulations on accounting;
• the corresponding balance sheet items must be confirmed by inventory data of property, liabilities and settlements.

The standard form of the balance sheet is regulated by the Ministry of Finance (). However, organizations can independently develop a balance sheet form, using the standard one as a template. In this case, must be observed General requirements to financial statements.

When developing and adopting the balance sheet form (Form No. 1), it is recommended to use the total line codes and line codes of sections and groups of items given in the sample balance sheet form. If a transcript is provided for any indicator in a balance sheet developed by an organization independently, then the articles in this transcript are coded by the organization itself.

The balance sheet contains the following required details:

• the reporting date as of which the balance sheet is presented;
• full name of the organization in accordance with the constituent documents;
• taxpayer identification number (TIN);
• the main type of activity of the enterprise with the OKVED code;
• organizational and legal form/form of ownership (according to the OKOPF and OKFS classifiers);
• unit of measurement - thousand rubles. (OKEY code 384) or million rubles. (OKEY code 385);
• location (address);
• date of approval (indicates the established date for the annual financial statements);
• date of sending/acceptance (the specific date of postal, electronic and other sending of financial statements or the date of their actual transfer according to ownership is indicated).

Total figures for balance sheet items are given in thousands of rubles without decimal places. Organizations with significant sales turnover, liabilities, etc. can provide data in millions of rubles (without decimal places).

Indicators about certain types of assets, liabilities, income, expenses and business transactions can be presented in the balance sheet as a total amount with disclosure in , if each of these indicators individually is insignificant for assessment by interested users financial situation organization or financial results of its activities.

Let's consider procedure for filling out Form 1 "Balance Sheet".

• accounted for in off-balance sheet accounts

In the column " At the beginning of the reporting year" shows data at the beginning of the year (opening balance sheet), which must correspond to the data in the column "At the end of the reporting period" of the previous year (closing balance sheet), taking into account the reorganization carried out at the beginning of the reporting year, as well as changes in the assessment of financial reporting indicators associated with the application of the Regulations on accounting and financial reporting in Russian Federation and Accounting Regulations “Accounting Policy of the Organization” PBU 1/98.

In the column " At the end of the reporting period" shows data on the value of assets, capital, reserves and liabilities at the end of the reporting period (month, quarter, year).

Balance sheet is a set of information about the value of property and obligations of an organization, presented in tabular form. The balance sheet consists of two sections: Assets and Liabilities. An asset must always be equal to a liability, which is why the report form is called Balance Sheet.

The balance sheet is the most important form of accounting reporting (form No. 1), by which one can judge the financial condition of the enterprise, what property it has and how much debt it has. The balance sheet contains data as of specific date(usually the end of the year or quarter). This is what makes the Balance Sheet fundamentally different from the other most important form of reporting, the Profit and Loss Statement, which contains data on the financial results of the organization’s activities for a certain period on a cumulative basis from the beginning of the year(usually for the year, 1st quarter, half year or 9 months.)

Balance Sheet Structure

The balance sheet includes Assets and Liabilities, the totals of which are equal. The asset balance sheet consists of two sections:

• non-current assets (assets that are used for more than 1 year: equipment, buildings, intangible assets, long-term investments and so on.);
• current assets (assets that are used for less than 1 year: raw materials, materials, short-term funds, cash, etc.).

Current assets are considered more liquid than non-current assets, i.e. can be converted into money more quickly.

If the Asset of the balance sheet shows what property the company owns, then the Liability reveals the sources of formation of this property. The liability balance sheet consists of three sections:

• capital and reserves ( own funds company owners);
• (loans, credits and other debt with a repayment period of more than 1 year);
• (current debt to employees, suppliers and other debts payable within 1 year).

Balance sheet form

At the moment, the form of the Balance Sheet is in force, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 2, 2010 N 66n “On the forms of financial statements of organizations.” You can download the form. It should be noted that the form approved by the Ministry of Finance is of a recommendatory nature; an organization can add lines with its own indicators, detailing the available data, or remove lines for which it does not have data.

Who needs a Balance Sheet?

The balance sheet is the financial face of an organization. A balance sheet is necessary so that persons who have any relationship with the organization or plan to cooperate with it can assess its financial situation, how well the business is going and whether bankruptcy will occur soon. Balance sheets are studied by banks to assess the borrower's creditworthiness. The balance is submitted to the tax and statistical authorities. The balance sheet is presented to shareholders as a financial indicator of the work done by management.

The balance sheet is the main source of information for financial analysis, determining the stability of the financial position of the enterprise and the possibility of its uninterrupted operation. Typically, the Balance Sheet is analyzed together with the Profit and Loss Statement (for example, automatically, using ), thus obtaining all the main ratios characterizing the financial “health” of the enterprise.

Still have questions about accounting and taxes? Ask them on the accounting forum.

Balance sheet: details for an accountant

• Accounting policies for accounting purposes: what to consider in 2020?

  6. The content of the explanations to the balance sheet and the report on financial results has been clarified... 02 the content of the explanations to the balance sheet and the report on financial... periods has been clarified. 5. The composition of balance sheet indicators disclosing information about state aid... There are two ways to present budget funds received in the balance sheet: as... budget funds; method of presenting budget funds received for financing in the balance sheet...

• Correcting mistakes from previous years

  The article “Financial result of an economic entity” of the balance sheet, as well as the meaning of related items... The article “Financial result of an economic entity” of the balance sheet, as well as the meaning of related items...

• What to pay attention to when preparing annual financial statements for 2017

  ... (financial) statements consist of a balance sheet, a statement of financial results and ... including simplified accounting (financial) statements - a balance sheet and a statement of financial results ... all active-liability accounts in the balance sheet should reflect the “expanded » balance. ... loan debt is reflected in the balance sheet as part of short-term liabilities, ... accounting practice. For example, balance sheet and income statement figures...

• Accounts payable when selecting management companies through a competition

  Debt is a copy of the approved balance sheet for the last reporting period, ... Financial statements organization" balance sheet liability includes three... accounts payable according to the balance sheet are not only accounts payable... recognized as the only participant in the competition, a copy of the balance sheet contains the following information: – line... debt of the company according to the balance sheet for 2014 is...

• We rent cows: accounting

  ...) Recognition is the process of inclusion in the balance sheet or income statement and...

• Simplified tax system "income minus expenses": the procedure for writing off bad debts for utilities

  This debt should be reflected on the balance sheet in account 007 "Written off...

• Events after the reporting date: how to reflect and how to disclose in financial statements

  Events are disclosed in the notes to the balance sheet and income statement... activities are disclosed in the notes to the balance sheet and income statement...). Information disclosed in the notes to the balance sheet and income statement... and the actual cost of goods. On the balance sheet inventory reflected in net... are subject to disclosure in the notes to the balance sheet and the income statement.

• Accounting and tax accounting in an organization with a branch

  The statements do not constitute a separate balance sheet. This means that in cases where...

• Audit of annual financial statements of organizations for 2018

  Determine the detail of indicators according to the items of the balance sheet, income statement, report... impairment. According to PBU 4/99, the balance sheet must include numerical indicators in... values. An intangible asset is reflected in the balance sheet at cost less the amount... the asset is disclosed in the notes to the balance sheet and the income statement... of the organization, as a rule, consists of a balance sheet, a report on the intended use of funds...

• A small enterprise was subject to an audit, but did not conduct it: what will be the punishment?

  No simplifications. The amount of assets on the balance sheet exceeded 60 million rubles. ..., without simplification. The amount of assets on the balance sheet exceeded 60 million rubles. ... millions of rubles or the amount of assets of the balance sheet as of the end of ... organizations have also approved simplified forms of the balance sheet, financial statements, ... 14 of Law N 402-FZ): balance sheet; financial results report; ... As appendices to the balance sheet and income statement...

• Features of the presentation of financial statements in 2018

  The subject includes: indicators reflected in the balance sheet, statement of financial performance..., provision is made for the formation of reserves, reflected in the balance sheet of the reporting entities, minus the indicated... and the preparation of accounting (financial) statements. Balance sheet. The provisions of paragraphs 25 - 34 of the Federal... that assets and liabilities in the balance sheet are presented with a division into long-term...

• Right to use the asset

  Provides two ways of presenting such a right of use in the balance sheet: 1st... presented as an independent item in the balance sheet or included in fixed assets... leases can be presented in the balance sheet together with own fixed assets... use is disclosed in explanations to the balance sheet. When applying the presentation method, ..., the organization discloses the asset item of the balance sheet, which includes the rights ...

• The discrepancy between tax and accounting reporting indicators under the simplified tax system: how to explain it to the tax authorities?

  General rule it consists of a balance sheet, a statement of financial results and... accounting (financial) statements, then a balance sheet, a statement of financial results, a report...

• The LLC must conduct a statutory audit: what is the procedure for selecting and engaging an auditor, the timing and procedure for submitting the audit report?

  Confirmations of correctness annual reports and the company’s balance sheets are mandatory in cases provided for... million rubles or the amount of assets of the organization’s balance sheet as of the end... decrease. That is, the sum of the balance sheet assets will be equal to the sum of the current and... outside current assets. In the form of a balance sheet, the amount of an organization's assets is reflected...

• Public disclosure of reporting indicators

  Reporting” indicators are subject to public disclosure: balance sheet; financial results report; report... budget, and budget execution indicators. Balance sheet. In paragraphs 25 - 31 of the GHS... "the following structure of the balance sheet subject to public disclosure is given: Balance sheet of the institution Assets Liabilities Long-term...

How to prepare the balance sheet 2016 (download Word form using the current form below)? An important part of the work of every accountant is filling out regulated accounting reporting forms. This source of information for tax, financial and credit authorities; for counterparties and business partners, business owners, the balance sheet (Form 1) is a generalized document about the company’s activities.

Balance sheet with line codes - form and filling procedure

Accounting financial statements, the forms of which were approved by Order No. 66n dated July 2, 2010, includes, first of all, the company’s balance sheet and the so-called Form 2 - financial results report. The form is provided for the reporting calendar year and contains essential information on items, the importance and detail of which is established by the organization independently.

Important! Small businesses have the right to provide reporting, including Form 1 accounting, in a simplified manner. This implies a lack of detail in articles, combining indicators and filling in aggregated elements.

The data required to be reflected in Form 1 of the financial statements, the form of which will need to be filled out at the end of the year and submitted to the tax office, is collected by codes and accounts in the table:

Asset item	Accounts	Line code	Liability item	Accounts	Line code
Tangible non-current assets (VA)	The difference between 01 and 02; The difference between 03 and 02; Accounts 07, 08		Capital, reserves	Account 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 99
Financial, intangible, other VA	The difference between 04 and 05; Accounts 09, 08 (minerals), 55.3, 60, 73; The difference between 58 and 59 (in the long-term part)		Borrowed funds long-term
	Account 10, 11, 20, 23, 21, 29, 41, 43, 44, 46, 45, 16, 15, 97, 19		Other long-term liabilities	Account 60, 62, 73, 75, 76, 96
Cash equivalents and funds	Account 50, 51, 52, 55, 57		Short-term borrowed funds
Financial and other current assets (OA)	Account 55, 58 and 59 (short term), 73, 60, 62, 68, 69, 71, 73, 75, 76, 50, 76, 94		Accounts payable	Account 60,62, 68, 69, 70, 70, 71, 73, 75, 76
			Other accounts payable	Account 79 (agreements trust management), 96, 98
Total balance sheet asset line 1600	Amounts on line 1150 + 1110 + 1210 + 1250 + 1240		Total balance sheet liabilities line 1700	Amounts on line 1310 + 1410 + 1450 + 1510 + 1520 + 1550

Other financial statements: current forms

There are several additional documents. Among other annual forms, it stands out explanatory note– Form 5 of financial statements. However, you will not find the form now, since this form in its usual form has been canceled. Now there are so-called explanations to the balance sheet, an example of which is given in Appendix No. 3 to Order No. 66n of the Ministry of Finance. It can be downloaded below. Explanations are not required to be filled out for small businesses that do not fall under mandatory audit; public organizations not engaged in commercial activities.

Another important form, in addition to the balance sheet, is Form 2 (Income Statement). The document refers to mandatory reports, including those in a simplified form. The most important information on the company’s revenue, expenses, interest paid, other income/expenses, accrued income tax, as well as net profit during the period. It must be taken into account that all numbering modern forms quite conditional. Until 2011, they had the numbers familiar to all accountants; now they are called that out of habit.

Vero- balance sheet- this is a table in which the used accounting accounts are located. Moreover, the accounts are arranged in ascending order of numbers.

The Turnover Balance Sheet reflects balances at the beginning of the period, turnover and balance at the end of the period, that is, the statement is formed for a certain period (for example, month, quarter, year).

We will not have an opening balance, since the conduct of activities is considered from scratch, immediately from the moment of formation of the authorized capital.

We will sequentially transfer the turnover and balance for each accounting account. We will also calculate the total turnover and the final balance of all accounts for Debit and Credit.

From this table it can be seen that the total turnover for the Debit and Credit accounts is the same. It means that business transactions reflected correctly, and accounting entries

formed correctly.

Let's create a Balance Sheet based on the Turnover Balance Sheet in 1C 8.3 Accounting. The balance sheet will be presented in a simplified form, and here are only those indicators that were associated with solving the problem under consideration. For example, there are no non-current assets and this section will not be deciphered.

We will fill out the balance sheet step by step, starting with the first item, Inventories. This article displays materials, products, finished products, unfinished production.

Let's turn to the Turnover Balance Sheet and see what is available in the balances. The amount of materials and work in progress is RUB 20,000.00. (amount for 10 and 20 accounts).

Next article - Accounts receivable.

This is the total amount for the debit of accounts 60, 71 and 75, which is RUB 53,000.00. Next article – Cash and cash equivalents. Funds are displayed in 50 and 51 accounts. The total balance on these accounts is RUB 32,000.00. Let's calculate the balance sheet currency - 105,000.00 rubles. These data coincide with the data of the Turnover Balance Sheet.

Now let’s fill in the data on the Liability Balance Sheet. Authorized capital– 100,000.00 rub. Let's calculate accounts payable. Let's turn to settlement accounts - 60, 71 and 75. The total credit balance of these accounts is RUB 5,000.00. (amount for account 60).

Balance currency 105,000.00 rub. Please note that the balance sheet currency is the same in both the Asset and the Liability, that is, the total of the Asset is equal to the total of the Liability. This means that the balance sheet in 1C accounting is formed correctly.

Let's, based on the data on the accounting accounts, create a balance sheet in our 1C program, and draw up a Balance Sheet.

Accounting problems with solutions

In this section you will find solved accounting problems (a small part of them). Pay attention to the years mentioned in the solutions to the problems; accounting legislation is changing rapidly and some calculations in the solutions may be out of date at the moment.

If you need help with tasks, coursework, tests, we will be happy to help: Custom accounting. Other examples in the section: Ready-made accounting tests.

Catalog of tasks

Task 1. Determine the turnover and balances of the current account (final balance):
a) the cash balance at the beginning of the month was 3,000,000 rubles.
b) during the billing month the following business transactions were carried out
1) 10/XX received from the current account and money entered into the cash register - 1,000,000 rubles.
2) On 15/XX, the debt to suppliers was repaid in the amount of 800,000 rubles.
3) 15/XX transferred taxes to the budget of 600,000 rubles.
4) 20/XX funds were transferred to the location of the accountable person 8,400 rubles.
5) On 21/XX, money in the amount of 200,000 rubles was transferred from the current account and entered into the cash register.
6) for billing period proceeds from sales of 1,200,000 rubles were credited to the current account.

solving the problem of revolutions and remainders

Task 2. Open accounts based on business transactions synthetic accounting and write down the amounts of initial balances in them. After recording each transaction in the journal, record it in the accounts.
Calculate actual cost manufactured products, financial results from the sale of products, other operations, income tax, net profit of the enterprise. Display ending account balances.
Based on the accounts, prepare a turnover sheet, a balance sheet at the beginning and end of the reporting period, a financial performance statement, and a cash flow statement for the reporting period.

solving cross-cutting accounting problem 2 (15 pages)

Task 3. 1. Make accounting entries for all business transactions for 2012. with the necessary calculations.
2. Open the necessary accounts, calculate the turnover for the month and display the balance at the end of the period.
3. Calculate the actual cost products sold for March 2012
4. Draw up a turnover sheet highlighting the necessary subaccounts as of April 1, 2012.
5.

solving accounting problem 3

Task 4. Based on the data to complete the task:
1. Prepare and fill out a log of business transactions.
2. Open charts of accounts and reflect business transactions in them.
3. Calculate the turnover for the month and display the balances at the end of the month.
4. Determine and write off the result from product sales.
5. Draw up a turnover sheet for synthetic accounts.
6. Compile the balance sheet of Kedr LLC as of May 1, 2013.

Accounting problem with solution 4

Task 5. 1.Open synthetic accounts and record balances at the beginning of the month on them
2. Compile a journal of business transactions for the month. Make the necessary calculations for transactions.
3. Record transactions for the month on the accounts and calculate the results of debit and credit turnover. Display balances at the beginning of the next month.
4. Draw up a turnover sheet for synthetic accounts.
5. Draw up a balance sheet at the beginning of the next month based on the turnover sheet data.

solution to end-to-end accounting problem 5 (23 pages)

Task 6. Money received for services provided amounted to 54,870 rubles. The material was credited to the warehouse in the amount of 5,648 rubles. Accrued wage key employees in the amount of 45,793 rubles. Wages were paid to employees in the amount of 5,267 rubles. Paid for stationery 12,500 rubles. UST in the amount of 25,000 rubles and personal income tax in the amount of 45,600 rubles were transferred. Materials written off for production amounted to 45,870 rubles. Invoices to a transport company in the amount of 63,287 rubles were accepted. finished products were transferred to the warehouse for 45,839 rubles. Draw up a journal of business transactions (contents document debit credit amount) make posting (airplanes)

Accounting airplanes example

Task 7. The company's balance sheet includes assets residual value is:
As of 01/01/2013 – RUB 2,345,000.
As of 02/01/2013 – RUB 2,294,700.
As of 03/01/2013 – RUB 2,175,300.
As of 04/01/2013 – RUB 3,187,600.
Determine the average annual value of the property. Accrue advance payment and transfer to the budget. (Make an airplane and wiring)

Solving the property problem

Task 8. Prepare accounting entries and determine the type of business transaction that affects changes in the balance sheet

Preparation of transactions

Free solutions to various economic problems

In this article I was going to show how to make a balance sheet from SALT. However, having figured out how I would do this, I realized that I would start using accounting rules and terms. And I’m not sure that you and I will have the same understanding of them. So, I came up with this.

I am not interested in writing a purely theoretical article. I want to engage you so that together we can go from “reviewing SALT” to filling out the balance sheet.

For this I have my own approach: when giving new knowledge, I strive to ensure that there is a repetition of the previous ones. In other words, we repeat the knowledge that serves us as a support for new ones.

I would like to note that in this series of articles about filling out a balance sheet, I will talk about general ideas, basic rules, and show how it is done. Together with me, you will go all the way to creating a balance sheet based on the OCB of a real enterprise.

So, let's go...

Here is the OCB of a working enterprise. In the previous article we prepared it for creating a balance sheet.

Here's what we should do now:

• download the balance sheet and open it
• In the “name” column, write the name of the account. No need to look at the chart of accounts. There is no need to achieve some exact match between the name of the account and what it is called in the chart of accounts. Just remember and write. It is enough that your name reflects the essence of the account. For example. I will call the 50th account “Cashier”. And in the chart of accounts it can be called “Enterprise Cash Office”.
• in the “AP” column for each account, indicate what it is, “A - active account”, “P - passive account” or “AP - active-passive account”. Clue: Active accounts- these are those that store information about what the enterprise has and this is “what” helps the enterprise work and earn money. Usually “it” can be touched. Active accounts always have a debit balance or zero. Passive accounts- these are the debts/obligations of our company. This is simply information about the amounts owed. Passive accounts always have a credit balance or zero.

Of course, putting down “A, P and AP” is not an easy task. This requires knowledge and some reflection. I agree that there are invoices where you can issue them right away, and somewhere you can use a hint and enter the required characteristics. In any case, put it where you can do it. And fill in the remaining empty cells according to the chart of accounts. Download the chart of accounts.

Once you solve the problem, compare it with what I did.

Some General Rules and Observations

I assume, reader, that you remember that accounting accounts collect and store information about the activities of a business. All information is separated according to certain criteria. So, account code and name serves as a criterion for separation. As a result, OSV shows everyone involved accounting accounts at our company. From the OSV we see what information has been collected.

However, balance sheet collects enterprise information differently.

Firstly, the balance sheet divides information into ASSETS and LIABILITIES.

Secondly, within ASSET and LIABILITY information is divided into certain groups. Each such group is economic indicator.

Ultimately, SALT is simply regrouped on the balance sheet.

• All debit balances, and these are accounts with characteristic A, go to the “ASSET balance” section
• All credit balances, and these are accounts with characteristic P, go to the “LIABILITY” section of the balance sheet.
• Accounts with the AP characteristic are transferred to the balance sheet as follows: if there is a debit balance, it goes to an ASSET, if there is a credit balance, it goes to a LIABILITY.

The amount received in ASSET or LIABILITY is entered into the specific name of the economic indicator. The basis for including the amount in the economic indicator will be the name of the accounting account, or, when it is not clear, we will use the law on filling out the balance sheet. Well, we will start filling out the balance very soon.

Fixed assets and intangible assets when filling out the balance sheet

Fixed assets are inextricably linked with such a concept as depreciation (accounted for in account 02). Depreciation is a gradual decrease in the initial cost of an asset associated with the operation of the asset. The depreciation process for fixed assets occurs over a certain period of time, but more than a year. As a result, everything will come to the point that the amount of depreciation will be equal to the original cost of the operating system.

Look at SALT. Account 01 records the amounts of all fixed assets at their original costs. Account 02 takes into account the depreciation amounts of these fixed assets. Now you are asking yourself, what does this have to do with the balance sheet?

It would seem that according to the rules for posting amounts from SALT to the balance sheet, we must send the amounts from the 01st account to the ASSET, and send the amounts from the 02nd account to the LIABILITY of the balance sheet. However, there is an exception for Fixed Assets.

Its essence is that before sending the amount to the balance sheet, we take the amounts from 01, subtract the amounts from 02 and send the resulting amount to where????

IN THE ASSET balance. Because depreciation can never be more than the original cost of the asset, and therefore the difference between 01-02 will always be a debit. 01 account (A) > 02 account (P). Well, in extreme cases, it will be 0.

Exactly the same situation with accounts 04 and 05. This takes into account the assets of an enterprise that do not have a physical object, like a machine or a machine. Account 04 takes into account such assets of the enterprise as licenses, the exclusive right to a patent, the exclusive right to software, etc. Their period of use is also more than 12 months and they are not intended for resale. Everything is the same as with the OS. Depreciation of Intangible Assets (IMA) is accounted for on account 05.

CONCLUSION

To finish this article, I propose to do a practical task. We'll work a little with the numbers from the OS. The task is:

• divide your sheet in a notebook or notepad into two columns: “Asset” and “Passive”
• from SALT we will work with the column “Balance at the beginning of the period”
• according to all the rules studied in this article - write out accounting accounts and amounts, what can be classified as an “Asset” and what can be classified as a “Liability”
• In each column, calculate the total of all amounts
• compare the total amount of “Asset” and the total amount of “Liability”

To complete the task, you already have previously downloaded OSV. If you haven't downloaded it yet, download it here.

Perhaps now we are ready to fill out the balance sheet. We will do this in the next article. I invite you.

P.S.

I can't get this article out of my head.

There is some feeling of incompleteness, or something. The goal is clear - to lead you, the reader, to filling out the balance. Make sure you are as prepared as possible for this action. And, although I have to try to make the explanation understandable, there is still something missing in this article.

I understand that there will still be questions, but I want to keep them to a minimum. I think that I will answer some of these questions in advance. Before we get started filling out the balance sheet form, I suggest working with SALT a little more.

This is what we need to do.

• we continue to work with the first column of SALT - “opening balance”
• write down the invoices that you believe collect information about our company's debts. You can immediately start writing out those bills that you know are in SALT. You can go the opposite way - cross out those accounts that are responsible for the company’s property, for what you can touch. The remaining bills are what you need.
• Issued invoices have amounts in “Debit” or “Credit”, or even both. Write out an invoice, each amount, and write what kind of debt it is - “Do our company owe” or “Our company owes”
• Remember how in accounting they are called “Debt to our company” and “Our company owes”.

  In parentheses for these names, write accounting terms for each amount. For tips, read this article.

Once you do it, compare it with what I got.

Financial analysis of an enterprise in MS Excel

A selection of financial analysis in excel tables of an enterprise from various authors.

Excel tables Popova A.A. will allow the financial analysis l: calculate business activity, solvency, profitability, financial stability, aggregated balance sheet, analyze the structure of balance sheet assets, ratio and dynamic analysis based on Forms 1 and 2 of the enterprise’s financial statements.
Download financial analysis in excel from Popov

Excel tables of financial analysis of the enterprise by Zaikovsky V.E. (Directors for Economics and Finance of JSC Tomsk Measuring Equipment Plant) allow, on the basis of Forms 1 and 2 of external accounting reports, to calculate the bankruptcy of an enterprise according to the Altman, Taffler and Lees model, to assess the financial condition of the enterprise based on liquidity indicators, financial stability, state of fixed assets, asset turnover, profitability. In addition, a connection is found between the insolvency of an enterprise and the state’s debt to it. There are graphs of changes in the assets and liabilities of the enterprise over time.
Download financial analysis in excel from Zaikovsky

Excel tables for financial analysis from Malakhov V.I. allow you to calculate the balance in percentage form, assess management efficiency, assess financial (market) stability, assess liquidity and solvency, assess profitability, business activity, the company’s position on the market market, the Altman model. Diagrams of balance sheet assets, revenue dynamics, gross and net profit dynamics, and debt dynamics are constructed.
Download financial analysis in excel from Malakhov

Electronic Excel tables financial analysis Repina V.V. calculate cash flows, profit-loss, changes in debt, changes in inventories, dynamics of changes in balance sheet items, financial indicators in GAAP format. Allows you to conduct a ratio financial analysis of the enterprise.
Download financial analysis in excel from Repin

Excel tables Salova A.N., Maslova V.G. will allow you to conduct a spectrum - scoring analysis financial condition. The spectrum scoring method is the most reliable method of financial and economic analysis. Its essence is to analyze financial ratios by comparing the obtained values ​​with standard values, a system is used to “split” these values ​​into zones of distance from the optimal level. The analysis of financial ratios is carried out by comparing the obtained values ​​with the recommended standard values, which play the role of threshold standards. The further the coefficient value is from normative level, the lower the degree of financial well-being and the higher the risk of falling into the category of insolvent enterprises.
Download financial analysis in excel from Maslov

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Accounting courses. Step6. Learning to make a balance

If you want to become a chief accountant, then you should definitely learn how to make a balance sheet. It is the direct responsibility of the chief accountant to make a balance sheet at the end of each quarter. So, do you want to learn how to balance? Go through accounting courses, and you will learn how to do balance sheets and how to prepare tax returns. You will definitely get a higher paying job! It’s cheaper to learn everything from a professional than to relearn everything later! all information on the Accounting Courses page.

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write me an email [email protected] “Please send me the first step of the course.”

6.1 What is included in the “Balance” of the organization.

Accounting courses it is impossible to build without detailed information about the construction of the balance. So, let's learn how to balance the balance. For some reason, in the numerous literature on accounting, the process of preparing a balance sheet is not described anywhere. There are many articles on how to fill out a balance, what to reflect in certain lines of balance sheets, but nowhere is it described in understandable human language how to do it. Therefore, when I was a novice chief accountant, I had to turn to more experienced colleagues for help.

If you have someone to turn to when preparing your first balance sheet, that's great! My task is to tell you the most necessary things about how to prepare a balance sheet, and you can get the details of what to include in the balance sheet lines yourself from the literature.
The balance is submitted to the tax office four times a year: for the 1st quarter, for 6 months, for 9 months and for the year.

The figurative word “Balance” includes:

— Balance sheet(Form No. 1);
— Report about profits and losses (form No. 2);
— Report on changes in capital (Form No. 3);
— Report on cash flow (form No. 4);
— Application to the balance sheet (Form No. 5);
- explanatory note.

However, small businesses do not submit Form 3, Form 4 and Form 5. Therefore, we will not consider them as part of our training.
The balance is submitted to the tax office by the 30th day of the month following the last month of the quarter. Those. for the first quarter - until April 30, for the 2nd quarter - until July 30, for the 3rd quarter - until September 30, and annual reporting must be submitted to the tax office by March 30 of the following year.

Balance sheet forms change frequently, so if you do not have a consulting program on your computer where you can get the latest versions of the forms, you can buy from your tax office full package forms of balance with all latest changes. When you make a balance for the first time, it is better to do so so that you do not have to look in the program, but get a ready-made balance package.

Before you start preparing your balance sheet, you must audit all your accounts. For better understanding we will assume that our organization is engaged in wholesale trade. It will be more clear this way.

You need to start with cash accounts - accounts 51 “Current Account” and 50 “Cash”.

In our discussion, I will keep in mind that you use a computer in your work, and use one of the accounting programs (we will talk about this in more detail later). I can’t imagine anyone doing accounting manually.

The advantage of using accounting programs is that you only need to enter transactions for all primary documents, and the program generates all reports on accounts (statements, account cards, etc.) itself.

So, you post all bank statements, thereby forming account 51. At the same time, you compare the balance of account 51 (closing balance), which you got, with bank statement. To look at the ending balance for some account, you just need to create a statement for this account for the month. An account statement is a report that shows all account transactions for the month. In our training we learned how an account is formed using the structure of an account. So this account structure is the account statement.

Next, let's break everything down cash documents, thereby forming account 50. At the same time, you compare the balance of account 50 (closing balance) that you have with the balance of money in the cash register. At the same time, we check whether the cash documents are drawn up correctly and whether all signatures are on the receipt and expenditure orders.

So, we dealt with cash accounts.

The next stage is checking the accounts of goods and fixed assets. To do this, you check whether all documents from suppliers have been posted (invoices). For example, according to receipt documents, you received goods worth 200,000 rubles. excluding VAT and VAT 200,000*18%=36,000 rub. You must check that the turnover in the debit of account 41 “Goods” is equal to 200,000 rubles.

In this case, you sold the goods and the cost of the goods sold is 50,000. This means that the credit of account 41 should be equal to 50,000.

Further, some balance remains on the 41st account. This is the value of goods remaining at the end of the period. When you spread in accounting program receipts and consumable documents, then the program itself calculates the number of goods that arrived at the warehouse, which left the warehouse, and the quantity of goods that remained in the warehouse. You should compare this data with the storekeepers' reports every month. If the data matches, great! If not, you need to do an emergency inventory of the warehouse to understand the situation.

After you have dealt with the accounts of material assets, check account 60 “Settlements with suppliers”. With each supplier at the end of the month you need to have a reconciliation report signed by both parties. You must check whether the balance for suppliers, which was obtained on the 60th account for each supplier, matches the reconciliation report. If not, it means that an error has crept in somewhere. Perhaps not all documents for the supply of goods are reflected, or the payment accidentally went to another supplier.

62/90 reflected the buyer's debt.
90/68 charged VAT.
90/41 wrote off the cost of goods sold.
90/44 wrote off expenses that fell during the reporting period.
90/99 reflects the financial result.

I have now written entries without subaccounts for the 90th account to remind you again general scheme, and with subaccounts these entries were described in detail when we talked about sales (sales).

After this, you check the accuracy of payments to customers. With each buyer you also need to have a reconciliation report, the amount of which must match the balance for the buyer in account 62 “Settlements with buyers”

You see that your profit was made on the 99th account.

After all these steps, you print out the “Return - Balance Sheet”. The turnover balance sheet is a report that indicates the amounts of balances at the beginning of the period for all accounts, the turnover for the month by debit and credit, and the balance at the end.

This is your balance (form 1)! Debit balances (closing balances) on accounts are an asset on your balance sheet, and credit balances on accounts are a liability on your balance sheet.

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The general form of the balance sheet is given in Appendix No. 1 to Order No. 66n.

You cannot remove any lines from the approved form, but you can enter additional ones if you wish.

For example, if an organization wants to separately show deferred expenses in the balance sheet, then you can independently add a special line to the “Current assets” section.

Balance by general form has columns in which indicators are given for each article:

• as of the reporting date (when filling out the balance sheet for 2016 - as of December 31, 2016);
• as of December 31 of the previous year (when filling out the balance sheet for 2016 - as of December 31, 2015);
• as of December 31 of the year preceding the previous one (when filling out the balance sheet for 2014 - as of December 31, 2014).

Column 1 of the balance sheet is intended to indicate the number of the corresponding explanation to the balance sheet (if an explanatory note is drawn up).

Organizations add column 3 independently to enter the line code in it.

The balance sheet contains two parts - assets and liabilities, which must be equal to each other.

The asset reflects the amount of non-current and current assets, and the liability - the size equity and borrowed funds, as well as accounts payable.

The codes of indicators that are indicated in the balance sheet are given in Appendix No. 4 to Order of the Ministry of Finance dated July 2, 2010 No. 66n.

Rules for filling out the balance

The balance sheet is always drawn up for a specific date (clause 18 of PBU 4/99).

In addition, the balance sheet provides similar data as of December 31 of last year and the year before (clause 10 of PBU 4/99).

This data must be taken from the balance sheet for the previous year.

To fill out the balance sheet, you must create a balance sheet for all accounts for the year.

Based on the balances of accounting accounts (sub-accounts) from balance sheet balance lines are formed.

If the balance sheet does not contain data to fill out any lines of the balance sheet (for example, line 1130 “Intangible exploration assets”, line 1140 “Tangible exploration assets”), then in this case a dash is added (Letter of the Ministry of Finance dated 01/09/2013 No. 07 -02-18/01).

The procedure for filling out individual balance lines

Now let's look at the procedure for filling out individual balance lines.

Section I. Non-current assets

Intangible assets. The residual value of intangible assets is reflected on line 1110. Clause 3 of PBU 14/2007 “Accounting for intangible assets”, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 27, 2007 No. 153n, allows you to find out what belongs to this group. Thus, in order to accept an object for accounting as an intangible asset, it is necessary that the following conditions be simultaneously met:

• the object is capable of generating economic benefits in the future, and the organization has the right to receive them;
• the object can be separated or separated (identified) from other assets;
• the object is intended to be used for a long time, that is, its lifespan beneficial use exceeds 12 months;
• it is possible to reliably determine the actual (initial) cost of the object;
• the object lacks a material form.

For example, if the specified conditions are met, intangible assets include works of science, literature and art, programs for electronic computers, inventions, utility models, selection achievements, production secrets (know-how), trademarks and service marks. Intangible assets also take into account business reputation arising in connection with the purchase of an enterprise as a property complex (in whole or part thereof).

Expenses related to education are not intangible assets legal entity(organizational expenses), intellectual and business qualities the organization’s personnel, their qualifications and ability to work (clause 4 of PBU 14/2007).

Results of research and development. Research and development expenses recorded on account 04 “Intangible assets” are reflected on line 1120.

Intangible and tangible search assets. These two indicators are given in lines numbered 1130 and 1140. They are intended for organizations - users of subsoil to reflect information on development costs natural resources(PBU 24/2011 “Accounting for costs for the development of natural resources”, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 6, 2011 No. 125n).

Fixed assets. For depreciable objects, the residual value of fixed assets is recorded in line 1150. If we are talking about non-depreciable property, then the line indicates its original cost. Assets classified as fixed assets must comply with the conditions of clause 4 of PBU 6/01 “Accounting for fixed assets”, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated March 30, 2001 No. 26n.

Objects must be owned by the organization or have the right of operational management or economic management. It is also allowed to include property received under a leasing agreement as fixed assets if it is taken into account on the balance sheet of the lessee.

Objects subject to mandatory state registration of property rights are considered fixed assets from the moment they are registered, that is, like all other objects. The fact that documents are submitted to the appropriate authority does not matter.

In Sect. Form I of the balance sheet does not have the line “Construction in progress”.

The question arises: Which balance sheet item should be used to record expenses for the construction of real estate?

Answer: on line 1150 “Fixed assets”. This is stated in paragraph 20 of PBU 4/99, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 6, 1999 No. 43n. It’s best to add the decoding line “Unfinished construction” to line 1150, according to which you can record the named expenses.

Profitable investments in material values. Data on profitable investments in material assets corresponds to line indicator 1160. This is the residual value of property intended for rent (leasing) and accounted for on account 03. If the property was first used for production and management needs, but was later leased out, it must be reflected in a separate subaccount of account 01 as part of fixed assets. This is due to the fact that the transfer of the value of fixed assets into profitable investments and back is not provided for in accounting (Letter of the Federal Tax Service of Russia dated May 19, 2005 No. GV-6-21/418@).

Financial investments. For long-term financial investments, that is, with a circulation period of more than a year, line 1170 is allocated (for short-term ones - line 1240 of section II “Current assets”). Investments in subsidiaries, affiliates and other companies are also shown here. Financial investments are taken into account in the amount spent on their acquisition.

The cost of own shares purchased from shareholders for resale or cancellation, and interest-free loans issued to employees are not considered financial investments (clause 3 of PBU 19/02 “Accounting for financial investments”, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 10, 2002 No. 126n). For the first indicator, line 1320 is provided. The second indicator is reflected as part of accounts receivable, namely, long-term loans are shown on line 1190, short-term loans - on line 1230.

Postponed tax assets. Line 1180 “Deferred tax assets” is filled in by income tax payers. Since “simplified people” are not included in their number, it must be marked with a dash.

Other noncurrent assets. Here (line 1190) shows data on non-current assets that are not reflected in other lines of section. I balance sheet.

Section II. Current assets

Inventories. Price inventories reflected on line 1210. Previously, this indicator had to be decrypted. In the current form, decryption is not required. However, it is needed if the indicators included in line 1210 are significant. In this case, you should add decryption lines, for example:

• raw materials and materials;
• costs in work in progress;
• finished products and goods for resale;
• goods shipped, etc.

“Simplers” can fill out this line with code 1220 if, according to accounting policy organizations, the amount of “input” VAT is reflected in account 19 “Value added tax on acquired assets.”

Accounts receivable. This line 1230 is intended for short-term receivables, that is, repayment of which is expected within 12 months after the reporting date.

Financial investments (excluding cash equivalents). For these assets, line 1240 is provided, which, in particular, shows loans provided by the organization for a period of less than 12 months.

If you define the current market value financial investments, use all sources of information available to you, including data from foreign organized markets or trade organizers. Such recommendations are contained in the Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated January 29, 2009 02/07/18/01. If at the reporting date you cannot determine the market value of a previously assessed object, reflect it at the cost of the last assessment.

Cash and cash equivalents. To fill out the line, you need to sum up the cost of cash equivalents (the balance of the corresponding subaccounts of account 58) and the balances of cash accounts (50 “Cash”, 51 “Settlement accounts”, 52 “Currency accounts”, 55 “ Special accounts in banks" and 57 "Transfers on the way").

The concept of cash equivalents, we recall, is contained in the Accounting Regulations “Cash Flow Statement” (PBU 23/2011), approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 02.02.2011 No. 11n. Cash equivalents may include, for example, those opened in credit organizations demand deposits.

Other current assets. Here (line 1260) shows data on current assets that are not reflected in other lines of section. II balance.

Section III. Capital and reserves

Authorized capital (share capital, authorized capital, contributions of comrades).
Line 1310 of the balance sheet reflects the amount of the company's authorized capital. It must coincide with the amount of the authorized capital, which is recorded in the constituent documents of the company.

Own shares, purchased from shareholders. We have already said that if an organization purchased its own shares (shares of founders) in the authorized capital not for sale, then their value is entered in line 1320. Such shares are supposed to be canceled, which automatically leads to a decrease in the authorized capital, therefore the indicator in this line is given as a negative value in brackets. But if own shares are repurchased and resold, they are already considered an asset and their value must be entered in line 1260 “Other current assets.”

Revaluation of non-current assets. This line is assigned the number 1340 (there is no indicator for line number 1330). It shows the revaluation of fixed assets and intangible assets, which is taken into account in account 83 “ Extra capital».

Additional capital (without revaluation). The amounts of additional capital are reflected on line 1350. Note that the indicator for this line is taken without taking into account the amounts of revaluation, which should be reflected in the line above.

Reserve capital. The balance of the reserve fund is indicated on line 1360. This reflects both reserves formed as required by law and reserves created in accordance with the constituent documents. Decoding is required only if the indicators are significant.

retained earnings(uncovered loss). Retained earnings accumulated for all years, including the reporting one, are shown in line 1370. It also reflects the uncovered loss (only this amount is enclosed in brackets).

Components of the indicator (profit (loss) for reporting year and (or) for previous periods) can be written down in additional lines, that is, a transcript can be made based on the received financial results(profit/loss), as well as for all years of the company’s activity.

Section IV. long term duties

Borrowed funds. Line 1410 is reserved for the debt of the organization itself on long-term (with a repayment period of more than 12 months as of December 31, 2015) loans and credits.

Postponed tax obligations. Line 1420 is filled in by income tax payers. “Simplers” are not included in their number, so they put a dash in this line.

Estimated liabilities. The specified line 1430 is filled in if the organization recognizes in accounting estimated liabilities according to the Accounting Regulations “Estimated liabilities, contingent liabilities and contingent assets” (PBU 8/2010), approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 13, 2010 No. 167n. Let us remind you that small businesses, which are the majority of “simplified” ones, may not apply this PBU.

Other obligations. Here (line 1450) other long-term liabilities are shown that are not reflected in other lines of section. IV balance. Please note that Order No. 66n does not provide an indicator for line 1440.

Section V. Current liabilities

Borrowed funds. Line 1510 indicates the debt for short-term loans and loans taken for a period of no more than 12 months. In this case, the amount should be reflected taking into account interest due at the end of the reporting period.

Accounts payable. The total amount of accounts payable is recorded in line 1520. And this should only be short-term debt.

Please note that there is no separate line for debt to participants (founders) for payment of income. The amount of such debt should be included here and deciphered according to separate line, because this indicator is always significant.

Revenue of the future periods. Line 1530 is filled in when the accounting provisions provide for the recognition of this accounting object. For example, if your organization receives budget resources or the amount of targeted financing. Such funds are subject to accounting as part of deferred income in accounts 98 “Deferred income” and 86 “ Special-purpose financing"(clauses 9 and 20 of the Accounting Regulations “Accounting for State Aid” (PBU 13/2000), approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 16, 2000 No. 92n).

Estimated liabilities. The explanations that we gave for line 1430 apply here: line 1540 is filled out if the company recognizes estimated liabilities in its accounting. Only line 1430 reflects long-term liabilities, and line 1540 - short-term liabilities.

Other obligations. Line 1550 shows other short-term liabilities that are not reflected in other lines of section. V balance.

So, we have looked at the balance sheet items.

Now we offer a scheme, which will help determine its indicators (we denote the debit and credit balances of the accounting accounts as Dt and Kt, respectively).

• Section I “Non-current assets”

Line 1110 “Intangible assets”= Dt 04 (without R&D expenses) - Kt 05.
Line 1120 “Results of research and development”= Dt 04 (analytical account for accounting for R&D expenses).
Line 1130 “Intangible exploration assets”= Dt 08 (analytical account of expenses for intangible search costs).
Line 1140 “Tangible Exploration Assets”= Dt 08 (analytical account of expenses for material search costs).
Line 1150 “Fixed assets”= Dt 01 - Kt 02 + Dt 08 (analytical account of expenses for construction in progress).
Line 1160 “Profitable investments in material assets”= Dt 03 - Kt 02 (analytical account for depreciation of property related to profitable investments).
Line 1170 “Financial investments”= Dt 58 + Dt 55, sub-account “Deposit accounts”, + Dt 73, sub-account “Settlements for loans granted” (analytical accounts for long-term financial investments), - Kt 59 (analytical account for accounting for reserves for long-term financial investments).
Line 1180 “Deferred tax assets”= Dt 09.
Line 1190 “Other non-current assets”= value of non-current assets not taken into account in other indicators Sec. I balance sheet.
Line 1100 “Total for Section I”= sum of line indicators 1110 - 1190.

• Section II "Current assets"

Line 1210 “Inventories”= sum of debit balances of accounts 10, 11, 43, 45, 20, 21, 23, 28, 29, 44 + Dt 41 - Kt 42 + Dt 15 + Dt 16 (or Dt 15 - Kt 16) - Kt 14 + Dt 97 (analytical expense account with a write-off period of less than 12 months).
Line 1220 “VAT on purchased assets”= Dt 19.
Line 1230 “Accounts receivable”= Dt 62 + Dt 60 + Dt 68 + Dt 69 + Dt 70 + Dt 71 + Dt 73 (except interest-bearing loans) + Dt 75 + Dt 76 - Kt 63.
Line 1240 “Financial investments (except for cash equivalents)”= Dt 58 + Dt 55, sub-account “Deposit accounts”, + Dt 73, sub-account “Settlements for loans provided” (analytical accounts for short-term financial investments), - Kt 59 (analytical account for accounting for reserves for short-term financial investments).
Line 1250 “Cash and cash equivalents”= Dt 50 + Dt 51 + + Dt 52 + Dt 55 + Dt 57 - Dt 55, subaccount “Deposit accounts” (analytical accounts for accounting for financial investments).
Line 1260 “Other current assets”= value of current assets not included in other indicators in section. II balance sheet.
Line 1200 “Total for Section II”= sum of line indicators 1210 - 1260.
Line 1600 “Balance”= line indicator 1100 + line indicator 1200.

• Section III "Capital and reserves"

Line 1310 “Authorized capital (share capital, authorized capital, contributions of partners)”= Kt 80.
Line 1320 “Own shares purchased from shareholders”= Dt 81. Enclose the indicator in brackets.
Line 1340 “Revaluation of non-current assets”= Kt 83 (analytical account for accounting for amounts of additional valuation of fixed assets and intangible assets).
Line 1350 “Additional capital (without revaluation)”= Kt 83 (except for amounts of additional valuation of fixed assets and intangible assets).
Line 1360 “Reserve capital”= Kt 82.
Line 1370 “Retained earnings (uncovered loss)”= Kt 84 (Dt 84). If the debit balance is negative (that is, there is a loss), enclose it in parentheses.
Line 1300 “Total for section III» = sum of indicators of lines 1310 - 1370. If the result is negative (if there are negative indicators for lines 1320 and 1370), show it in parentheses.

• Section IV “Long-term liabilities”

Line 1410 “Borrowed funds”= Kt 67. In this case, accrued interest, the maturity of which as of the reporting date is less than 12 months, should be excluded and reflected on line 1510 (preferably with a breakdown).
Line 1420 “Deferred tax liabilities”= Kt 77.
Line 1430 “Estimated liabilities”= Kt 96 (only estimated liabilities with a maturity period of more than 12 months after the reporting date).
Line 1450 “Other obligations” = long-term debt, which was not included in other indicators in section. IV balance sheet.
Line 1400 “Total for Section IV”= sum of the indicators of the above lines 1410 - 1450.

• Section V “Short-term liabilities”

Line 1510 “Borrowed funds”= Kt 66 + Kt 67 (in terms of accrued interest, the repayment period of which as of the reporting date is not more than 12 months).
Line 1520 “Accounts payable”= Kt 60 + Kt 62 + Kt 76 + Kt 68 + Kt 69 + Kt 70 + Kt 71 + Kt 73 + Kt 75. In this case, take into account only short-term debt.
Line 1530 “Deferred income”= Kt 98 + Kt 86 in the target part budget financing, grants, technical assistance etc.
Line 1540 “Estimated liabilities”= Kt 96 (only estimated liabilities with a maturity date of no more than 12 months after the reporting date).
Line 1550 “Other obligations”= amounts of debt on short-term obligations not taken into account when determining other indicators Sec. V balance.
Line 1500 “Total for Section V”= sum of line indicators 1510 - 1550.
Line 1700 “Balance”= row indicators 1300 + 1400 + 1500.

If all business transactions are reflected correctly and correctly transferred to the balance sheet, the indicators of lines 1600 and 1700 will coincide. If this equality is not observed, an error has been made somewhere. Then you need to check, recalculate and adjust the entered data.

Example. Filling out the balance sheet

The LLC, registered in 2016, applies a simplified taxation system.

Balances (Kt - credit, Dt - debit) in the accounting accounts of the LLC as of December 31, 2016

Balance	Amount, rub.	Balance	Amount, rub.
Dt 01	600 000	Dt 58	150 000
Kt 02	200 000	Kt 60	150 000
Dt 04	100 000	Kt 62 (sub-account "Advances")	505 620
Kt 05	50 000
Dt 10	10 000	Kt 69	100 000
Dt 19	10 000	Kt 70	150 000
Dt 43	90 000	Kt 80	50 000
Dt 50	15 000	Kt 82	10 000
Dt 51	250 000	Kt 84	150 000

Based on the available data, the accountant compiled a balance sheet for 2016 in a general form:

Explanations	Indicator name	Code	As of December 31, 2016	As of December 31, 2015	As of December 31, 2014
	ASSETS
	I. NON-CURRENT ASSETS
-	Intangible assets	1110	50	-	-
-	Research and development results	1120	-	-	-
-	Intangible search assets	1130	-	-	-
-	Material prospecting assets	1140	-	-	-
-	Fixed assets	1150	400	-	-
-	Profitable investments in material assets	1160	-	-	-
-	Financial investments	1170	150	-	-
-	Deferred tax assets	1180	-	-	-
-	Other noncurrent assets	1190	-	-	-
-	Total for Section I	1100	600	-	-
	II. CURRENT ASSETS
-	Reserves	1210	107	-	-
-	Value added tax on purchased assets	1220	10	-	-
-	Accounts receivable	1230	-	-	-
-	Financial investments (excluding cash equivalents)	1240	-	-	-
-	Cash and cash equivalents	1250	265	-	-
-	Other current assets	1260	-	-	-
-	Total for Section II	1200	375	-	-
-	BALANCE	1600	975	-	-

Explanations	Indicator name	Code	As of December 31, 2016	As of December 31, 2015	As of December 31, 2014
	PASSIVE
	III. CAPITAL AND RESERVES
-	Authorized capital (share capital, authorized capital, contributions of partners)	1310	50	-	-
-	Own shares purchased from shareholders	1320	(-)	(-)	(-)
-	Revaluation of non-current assets	1340	-	-	-
-	Additional capital (without revaluation)	1350	-	-	-
-	Reserve capital	1360	10	-	-
-	Retained earnings (uncovered loss)	1370	150	-	-
-	Total for Section III	1300	210	-	-
	IV. LONG TERM DUTIES
-	Borrowed funds	1410	-	-	-
-	Deferred tax liabilities	1420	-	-	-
-	Estimated liabilities	1430	-	-	-
-	Other obligations	1450	-	-	-
-	Total for Section IV	1400	-	-	-
	V. SHORT-TERM LIABILITIES
-	Borrowed funds	1510	-	-	-
-	Accounts payable	1520	765	-	-
-	revenue of the future periods	1530	-	-	-
-	Estimated liabilities	1540	-	-	-
-	Other obligations	1550	-	-	-
-	Total for Section V	1500	765	-	-
-	BALANCE	1700	975	-	-

Column 4 is the only one that requires filling out by the newly created organization. This column reflects data as of December 31 of the reporting year, that is, 2016.

Column 3 is also added to indicate line codes.

Index lines 1110 The accountant defined “intangible assets” as follows: the credit balance of account 05 is subtracted from the debit balance of account 04.

In total we get 50,000 rubles. (100,000 rubles - 50,000 rubles). All values ​​on the balance sheet are in whole thousands, so line 1110 shows 50.

The indicator of line 1150 “Fixed assets” is defined as follows: debit balance of account 01 - credit balance of account 02. Result—400,000 rubles. (600,000 rub. - 200,000 rub.). 400 is recorded in the balance sheet.

IN line 1170“Financial investments” the debit balance of the account is entered 58 - 150 thousand rubles. (that is, it is considered that all investments are long-term).

Total for summary line 1100: 827 thousand rubles. (97 thousand rubles (line 1110) + 580 thousand rubles (line 1150) + 150 thousand rubles (line 1170)).

Now it’s the turn of current assets. The value of line 1210 “Inventories” is defined as follows: debit balance of account 10 + debit balance of account 43. The result is 100 thousand rubles. (10 thousand rubles + 90 thousand rubles).

The indicator in line 1220 “Value added tax on acquired assets” is equal to the debit balance of account 19, therefore the accountant added 10 thousand rubles to the balance sheet.

Index lines 1250“Cash and cash equivalents” was found by adding the debit balance of account 50 and the debit balance of account 51. The result is 265 thousand rubles. (15 thousand rubles + 250 thousand rubles). The line contains 265.

Summary result line 1200: 378 thousand rubles. (107 thousand rubles (line 1210) + 6 thousand rubles (line 1220) + 265 thousand rubles (line 1250)).

According to the final line 1600 the sum of the indicators of lines 1100 and 1200 is shown. That is, 1205 thousand rubles. (827 thousand rubles + 378 thousand rubles).

The remaining lines of column 4 are filled with dashes.

Let's move on to the balance sheet liability. Indicator for line 1310“Authorized capital (share capital, authorized capital, contributions of partners)” is equal to the credit balance of account 80, that is, the balance sheet costs 50 thousand rubles.

Line 1360“Reserve capital” is the credit balance of account 82. In our case, it is 10 thousand rubles.

IN line 1370“Retained earnings (uncovered loss)” shows the balance of account 84. It is a credit balance. This means that the organization has a profit at the end of the year. Its value is 150 thousand rubles. There is no need to put the indicator in brackets.

The summary line indicator 1300 is equal to 210 thousand rubles. (50 thousand rubles (line 1310) + 10 thousand rubles (line 1360) + 150 thousand rubles (line 1370)).

Indicator for lines 1520“Accounts payable” (the accountant considered that all debt is short-term) is defined as follows: credit balance of account 60 + credit balance of account 62 + credit balance of account 69 + credit balance of account 70. The result is 765 thousand rubles. (150 thousand rubles + 500 thousand rubles + 100 thousand rubles + 15 thousand rubles).

IN line 1500 The accountant transferred the value from line 1520, since the other lines of section. V balance sheets were not filled out.

Final indicator lines 1700 equal to the sum of lines 1300 and 1500. The resulting value is 975 thousand rubles. (210 thousand rubles + 765 thousand rubles).

The remaining liability lines are crossed out due to the lack of relevant data.

The indicators for the total lines 1600 and 1700 are equal. In both lines the value is 975 thousand rubles.