ECONOMICALLY DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

The UN currently classifies approximately 60 countries in Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, Australia and Oceania as economically developed countries. All of them are distinguished by a higher level of economic and social development and, accordingly, gross domestic product per capita (over 5,000 US dollars). However, this group of countries is characterized by quite significant internal heterogeneity and four subgroups can be distinguished within its composition.

The first of them forms "big seven Western countries", which includes the USA, Japan, Germany, France, Great Britain, Italy and Canada. These are the leading countries of the Western world, distinguished by the largest scale of economic and political activity.

The G7 countries account for about 50% of the world's gross national product and industrial production, over 25% of agricultural products. Their per capita GDP ranges from 20 to 30 thousand dollars.

Co. second subgroup smaller countries can be included Western Europe. Although the political and economic power of each of them is not so great, as a whole they play a large, ever-increasing role in world affairs. Most of them have the same GDP per capita as the G7 countries.

The third subgroup form non-European countries - Australia, New Zealand and the Republic of South Africa (SA). These are former settler colonies (dominions) of Great Britain, which actually did not know feudalism, and even today they are distinguished by some originality of political and economic development. Israel is usually included in this group.

Fourth subgroup is still in its formation stage. It was formed in 1997, after such countries and territories of Asia as the Republic of Korea, Singapore and Taiwan were transferred to the category of economically developed ones. These states have come very close to other economically developed countries in terms of GDP per capita. They have a broad and diverse economic structure, including a rapidly growing service sector, and actively participate in global trade.

Problems and tests on the topic "Economically developed countries"

• Countries of the world - Population of the Earth 7th grade

  Lessons: 6 Tasks: 9

• Population and countries of South America - South America 7th grade

  Lessons: 4 Assignments: 10 Tests: 1

• Population and countries of North America - North America 7th grade

  Lessons: 3 Assignments: 9 Tests: 1

• India - Eurasia 7th grade

  Lessons: 4 Assignments: 9 Tests: 1

• Economic activities of the world's population - Population of the Earth 7th grade

  Lessons: 3 Assignments: 8 Tests: 1

Leading ideas: the level of economic and social development of a country is largely determined by its geographical location and history of development; the diversity of the modern political map of the world - a system that is in constant development and the elements of which are interconnected.

Basic concepts: Territory and borders of the state, economic zone, sovereign state, dependent territories, republic (presidential and parliamentary), monarchy (absolute, including theocratic, constitutional), federal and unitary state, confederation, gross domestic product(GDP), index human development(HDI), developed countries, G7 countries of the West, developing countries, NIS countries, key countries, oil-exporting countries, least developed countries; political geography, geopolitics, GGP of the country (region), UN, NATO, EU, NAFTA, MERCOSUR, Asia-Pacific, OPEC.

Skills and abilities: Be able to classify countries according to various criteria, give brief description groups and subgroups of countries modern world, assess the political and geographical position of countries according to plan, identify positive and negative features, note changes in GWP over time, use the most important economic and social indicators to characterize (GDP, GDP per capita, human development index, etc.) of the country. Identify major changes in political map world, explain the causes and predict the consequences of such changes.

Many countries around the world are using technology to improve the quality of life of their people. The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry, is the most important factor for the development of the state. Which countries are the most technologically advanced in the world? TopSweet gives the answer to this question:

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12. China

China is often touted as a future superpower. Some say that China is already a superpower. The people of this country have surprised the whole world with their major achievements in the field of technology. Gunpowder and the compass were first used in China.

Today, China has focused on areas such as robotics, semiconductors, high-speed trains, supercomputers, genetics and automobiles. It is constantly expanding its space exploration program. China contains the world's largest reserves of some rare earth metals, so necessary for the development of technology.

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11. Netherlands

The Netherlands is home to inventions such as the compact disc, artificial kidney, microscope and telescope. Telecommunications, computer and electronic instrumentation companies have achieved significant success in the Netherlands.

Mechanical engineering, including traditional shipbuilding, is very developed in the Netherlands.

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10. Singapore

Singapore is a high-tech and business-attractive country, or rather a city-state. Singapore showed the world how poor country it is possible to create a rich and prosperous society based on knowledge and innovation.

Singaporeans have the most fast internet in the world. Every citizen has at least one smartphone. The city is known for its high-tech infrastructure. And Singapore's public transport is the most innovative and convenient in the world.

9. Canada

Canada has a highly developed technology sector. The Government of Canada encourages industrial research. The nation specializes in biotechnology research and development, as well as space exploration.

The Government of Canada allocates 1.8 percent of its GDP to research and development. Canada strives to develop science, innovation and technology to significantly improve the quality of life of its citizens.

Canada is home to such famous brands as Bombardier, ATI Technologies, Corel, International Nickel, Alcan, Magna International, Blackberry, Air Canada.

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8. UK

Great Britain is the most industrialized country in the world. It was the British who gave the world many technological innovations, including the steam locomotive, the jet engine, the Internet, the electric motor, the incandescent light bulb and the commercial electric telegraph.

Currently, the UK is developing in the aviation industry, where it plays a leading role; in the automotive industry the UK is major player on the world stage; pharmaceutical companies The UK is also one of the most modern in the world.

Great Britain is the birthplace of such brands as BBC, British Petroleum, Aston Martin, Rolls-Royce.

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7. Finland

Finland is famous for its high-tech projects. The Finns use their technology for the benefit of the nation. Finland has one of the most modern and technologically advanced healthcare systems.

Finland was home to Nokia, which was the world leader in mobile communications for many years.

Currently, the Finns are focusing on the development of biological sciences, energy and ecology.

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Russia has given the world many brilliant minds. The Russians were the first to launch a man into space; the first to send a lunar rover to the Moon. In addition to space technology, Russia is famous for its developed heavy engineering.

Russia has in its arsenal latest systems defense It exports high-tech military equipment to many countries. Russian S300, S400, S500 anti-aircraft missile systems and long-range intercontinental ballistic missiles are very effective and have no analogues in the world.

And the Russian Soyuz are the only spacecraft for safe flights into space.

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Germany has been a high-tech nation for many decades. This country is well known for its achievements in the field of mechanical engineering. The works of German scientists helped in the development of such areas as astronautics, nanotechnology, and mechanical engineering.

Scientific developments are an integral part of the German economy. Scientific research are in demand by many industries in the country.

Germany is home to many scientific research organizations such as the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz scientific community, the Fraunhofer Society and the Max Planck Society.

Automotive technology in Germany is famous for its premium brands such as Mercedes-Benz, Audi, BMW, Volkswagen and Porsche.

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35 percent of the country's export earnings come from technology products. Israel is one of the five countries with developed space technologies.

Israel is also known for its innovation in the defense industry. It was here that the world's first unmanned aerial vehicle was developed, which operated in real-time surveillance mode.

This state is one of the few that has a modern infrastructure network for recharging electric vehicles. You can see charging points for electric vehicles all over the country.

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South Korea is home to technology companies such as LG, Hyundai and Samsung. These brands compete with global brands such as Apple, Toyota and many others.

South Korean scientists have made significant contributions in areas such as robotics, nanotechnology and others.

The average Internet speed in South Korea is three times faster than the Internet speed in the United States.

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2. United States

Advances in space and military technology play an important role in maintaining the United States' superpower status.

The United States has been a powerhouse of technology development for many years. The USA has made a huge contribution to the development of many areas of science. The United States was the first to create the atomic bomb and send people to the moon.

Space exploration, pharmaceuticals, defense and telecommunications have been the focus of the United States for decades. This nation has the most powerful and technologically advanced army in the world.

The US is home to the world's largest technology companies such as Google, Facebook, Apple, Intel, IBM and Microsoft. These tech giants have changed the way people live all over the world.

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1. Japan

Japan is well known for its scientific developments. The research of Japanese scientists has made enormous contributions in various fields such as automobile manufacturing, electronic engineering, earthquake-resistant construction, optics, industrial robotics and even metallurgy.

The Japanese people have wanted to become less dependent on imported fuel since 1973, and their efforts bore fruit in 2008 when Japan opened seven nuclear reactors. The share of nuclear energy is about 34 percent of all energy in the country.

Education and science in the country are given Special attention. Japanese researchers have received many Nobel and other prestigious prizes. Modern Japan is a completely different world - the world of the future, the world high technology and innovation.

Introduction

1Developed countries

2Countries with economies in transition

3Developing countries

Conclusion

List of used literature

Test

Introduction

Dividing the world economy into spheres of economic activity and determining the main economic relationships between them allows not only to analyze development trends individual countries, but also compare them with each other. However, in the world as a whole there are approximately 200 countries that differ in their level of economic development. And knowledge of classifications is extremely important for mutual study and exchange of experience in economic development.

The definition of a country accepted in the world economy differs from the definition accepted in international law or common practice. Within the framework of the world economy, a country is considered not only territorial units that are a state, but also some territorial units that are not states, but pursue an independent and independent economic policy and maintain separate statistical records of their economic development. This applies to some island dependent territories of Great Britain, the Netherlands and France, which, although not independent states, are nevertheless considered by the international economy as separate countries.

The most complete picture of groups of countries in the world economy is provided by data from universal international organizations, of which most countries in the world are members - the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. These organizations' assessment of groups of countries in international economy differs somewhat, since the number of member countries of these organizations is different (UN - 185, IMF - 181, WB - 180), and international organizations monitor the economies of only their member countries. For example, Cuba, North Korea and some other small countries that are not its members are excluded from the IMF classification. Some countries that are members of international organizations do not provide complete data on their economies or do not provide them up to date, as a result of which assessments of the development of their economies fall out of general assessments of the international economy. These are San Marino among the developed countries and Eritrea among the developing countries.

Finally, any classification is made from the objectives of each organization. For example, the World Bank pays attention to assessing the level of economic development of each country, the UN - to social and demographic aspects, etc.

In total, in modern literature several main features can be identified for classifying countries of the world: 1. According to the type of socio-economic system in the second half of the twentieth century, countries were divided into capitalist, socialist and developing, or “third world” countries. In turn, developing countries were divided into countries with a socialist or capitalist orientation. Decay Soviet Union and the world socialist system led to the abandonment of such a classification of the world economy.

2. According to the level of development, countries are divided into developed and developing. Post-socialist states and countries that still officially proclaim the construction of socialism as the goal of their development are among the developing ones.

3. According to the degree of development of a market economy in international practice, all countries of the world are most often divided into three main groups: developed countries with market economy, countries with economies in transition and developing countries. This breakdown into groups was chosen for ease of analysis by ECOSOC (UN Economic and Social Council). Currently, the IMF has introduced the term “advanced economies” (or “advanced countries”) to designate groups of countries and territories traditionally classified as developed (these are 23 countries). The world's leading economies also include the four East Asian “tigers” (South Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong as a special administrative region of China, and Taiwan), Israel and Cyprus.

Among the leaders of the world economy are the countries of North America (USA and Canada), Western Europe (primarily Great Britain, Germany, Italy and France), and East Asia, led by Japan. They are followed by a noticeably progressing group of newly industrialized economies, including the Asian Tigers. A number of Central and of Eastern Europe, as well as states on the territory of the former USSR. Some of them in last years were admitted to the European Union, and the group of developed countries increased to 30. A vast array of countries - the developing zone - numbers over 100 countries around the world.

To characterize the economies of countries around the world, already known indicators are used: GDP per capita, sectoral structure of the economy and knowledge-intensive industries, and the level and quality of life of the population.

1 The developed countries

Developed countries are characterized by a high standard of living of the population. Developed countries tend to have a large stock of produced capital and a population that is largely engaged in highly specialized activities. This group of countries is home to about 15% of the world's population. Developed countries are also called industrialized countries or industrialized countries.

Developed countries generally include the 24 high-income industrialized countries of North America, Western Europe, and the Pacific. Among industrial countries, the most significant role is played by the countries of the so-called Group of 7 (G-7), providing 47% of world GDP and 51% of international trade. These states coordinate their economic and financial policies at annual summits, which have been held since 1975. On the European continent, where 4 of the 7 largest developed countries are located, the most significant association is the European Union, consisting of 15 countries, providing 21% of world GNP and 41% of exports.

US GDP, billion dollars

Other indicators of the US economy

Economic indicators of other developed countries of the world

The International Monetary Fund identifies the following states as economically developed countries: 1. Countries qualified by the World Bank and the IMF as countries with developed economies at the end of the 20th century - beginning of XXI centuries: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal , Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, USA.

2. The more complete group of developed countries also includes Andorra, Bermuda, Faroe Islands, Vatican City, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Liechtenstein, Monaco and San Marino.

Among the main characteristics of developed countries, it is advisable to highlight the following:

1. GDP per capita averages approximately 20 thousand dollars and is constantly growing. This determines the high level of consumption and investment and the standard of living of the population as a whole. The social support is the “middle class”, which shares the values ​​and basic foundations of society.

2. The sectoral structure of the economy of developed countries is evolving towards the dominance of industry and a pronounced tendency to transform the industrial economy into a post-industrial one. The service sector is developing rapidly, and in terms of the share of the population employed in it, it is the leader. Scientific and technological progress has a significant impact on economic growth and economic structure.

3. The business structure of developed countries is heterogeneous. The leading role in the economy belongs to powerful concerns - TNCs (transnational corporations). The exception is a group of some small European countries where there are no world-class TNCs. However, the economies of developed countries are also characterized by the widespread prevalence of medium and small businesses as a factor of economic and social stability. This business employs up to 2/3 of the economically active population. In many countries, small businesses provide up to 80% of new jobs and influence the sectoral structure of the economy.

The economic mechanism of developed countries includes three levels: spontaneous market, corporate and state. It is consistent with a developed system of market relations and diversified methods of government regulation. Their combination provides flexibility, rapid adaptability to changing conditions of reproduction and, in general, high efficiency of economic activity.

4. The state of developed countries is an active participant in economic activity. The goals of state regulation are to create the most favorable conditions for the self-expansion of capital and maintain the socio-economic stability of society. The most important means of state regulation are administrative and legal (developed systems of economic law), fiscal (state budget funds and social insurance funds), monetary and state property. General trend Since the beginning of the 60s, the role of state property has decreased from an average of 9 to 7% in GDP. Moreover, it is concentrated mainly in the field of infrastructure. Differences between countries in the degree of state regulation are determined by the intensity of the redistributive functions of the state through its finances: most intensively in Western Europe, to a lesser extent in the USA and Japan.

5. The economies of developed countries are characterized by openness to the world economy and a liberal organization of the foreign trade regime. Leadership in world production determines their leading role in world trade, international capital flows, and international currency and settlement relations. In the field of international labor migration, developed countries act as the receiving party.

From a business point of view, developing countries are countries or nations with public or business interests that are in the process of rapid growth and industrialization. There are currently approximately 28 emerging economies in the world. Today, the economies of Brazil, China and India are considered the most developed in the world. According to the world's leading economists, the term " " has outlived its usefulness. However, the new term had not yet been coined. To create the right impression about these countries, this article will describe in detail 10 emerging economies.

Since 1978, when China became a liberalized country, its economy has managed to grow at a rapid pace and is now the fastest and most developed economy in the world. China is currently the second largest nominal GDP in the world, which is 34.06 trillion. yuan ($4.99 trillion). However, China's per capita income is only $3,700, which drops China to about 100th place in the world. Take a look at the 10 countries with the highest GDP levels.

Primary industry accounts for 10.6% of China's economy, secondary industry contributes 46.8%, and tertiary industry contributes 42.6%. China could be the second largest economy in the world after the United States if PPP (parity) purchasing power) was taken into account as part economic growth.In the company report Global Wealth Report It is predicted that in 2015 Japan will overtake China to become the second fastest growing economy in the world.

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) estimates that India's GDP was about $1.3 trillion. This has allowed India to become the 11th largest economically developing country in the world today. And it does match India also for per capita income, which is $1000. When PPP (purchasing power parity) is taken into account, India's economy will be ranked as the 4th largest in the world.

India boasts of having the second largest workforce in the world at 467 million. India's agricultural sector accounts for 28% of the state's GDP. On the other hand, the service and industrial sectors of the economy accounted for approximately 54% and 18% respectively. The main plant products are:
rice,
cotton,
tea,
potato,
oilseeds,
sugar cane,
wheat.

The main industries in India are:

• oil refining,
• software development,
• textile products,
• cement,
• steel,
• mining.

The Russian economy is number 12 on the global list, according to nominal GDP, and is 7th largest country globally, according to purchasing power parity (PPP) rankings. Russia is considered a market economy country as it is endowed with vast natural mineral resources such as oil and natural gas. Check out.

Economic growth in Russia was mainly driven by political stability and increased local consumption. By the end of 2008, economic growth in Russia was 7% per year. This can be attributed to non-trade services as well as increased domestic consumption. Oil and natural gas in Russia are mainly for export. The average salary in Russia is currently close to $1000 per month. This is significant progress, considering that not so long ago average salary was below $500.

Brazil's economy is currently the 8th largest in the world when measured by GDP and the 9th largest when measured in purchasing power parity (PPP). The economy is largely driven by a relatively free market and an inward-looking economy. IN Latin America,Brazil is the largest economically developed country. With annual GDP growth of around 5%, Brazil is one of the fastest growing countries in the world.

Turkey's economy ranks 17th in the world when measured by the country's nominal GDP, and 15th when measured using purchasing power parity (PPP). Türkiye is a member of the G20 countries with the most developed and developing economies. The 1983 reforms, which were introduced at the initiative of the then Prime Minister, greatly contributed to the development of the Turkish economy.

Economic growth in Turkey was mainly enhanced by close ties with other developing countries, thereby ensuring a prosperous market where Turkey traded its products.

Today, Mexico's economy is 11th on the global list. After the 90s, Mexico's economy was driven by rapid developments in economics, technology, and public sphere. Currently, it is not only a country with a developing economy, but also one of the largest in the world.

GDP is 7.6% per year. Mexico's economy consists of industrial sector and the service sector, and there is also an increase in the privatization of enterprises.

Due to the rapid economic growth in Indonesia, Japan was able to upgrade Indonesia's credit rating from BB+ (non-investment grade; speculative bonds) to BBB ( average level reliability). Indonesia's economy was mainly driven by the government and is currently the largest economically developed country in Southeast Asia and a member of the G20 most advanced and emerging economies.

Indonesia's GDP is $539.7 billion. The main component of the country's economy is the service sector, which accounts for 45.3%. Industry and agriculture contribute approximately 40.7% and 13% respectively. Surprisingly, the agriculture sector accounts for more jobs than any other sector (44.3%).

Unlike other countries in the world, Poland's economy has high income and is one of the largest in the EU. In Central Europe, Poland has one of the fastest growing economies. The annual increase is approximately 6%. Of all the EU countries, Poland is the only one where a decline in GDP has not yet been recorded.

United United Arab Emirates, also the UAE, is a rapidly changing country with a rapidly developing economy. And it received such a definition based on such socio-economic indicators, for example, as GDP per capita, HDI (human development index) and energy consumption per capita.

Thailand is also considered a developing economy that is heavily dependent on exports. EK makes up more than 2/3 of the country's GDP.

Igor Makarenko - candidate economic sciences tells what developing countries should do to strengthen their currency, what key factors influence this.

The most developed economy in the world in the USA. Next come China, Japan and Germany.

Each individual country has its own economic policy, which inherently has both strengths and weaknesses. If a state is rich in mineral resources, then most often the economy is built on the export of resources, which weakens the production component.

10 largest world economies in 2018

USA

The most stable economy in the world belongs to the United States; it has maintained its leading position for more than 100 years. Comprehensively developed economic policy based on banking system, the largest stock exchange, advanced technologies in the field of IT and agriculture, which is not devoid innovative solutions and progress.

America, due to its significant coverage of areas of activity and advanced technologies in them, has great influence in the world and uses it.

The dollar has been a world currency for many years and is quoted in all countries. for 2017 amounted to $19.284 trillion, which allows us to understand why the US economy is the first, leading the ranking.

China

The fastest growing economy, capable of soon ousting America and moving it from its leading position in the TOP largest economies peace. Industry, agriculture and technology are rapidly expanding in China. The automotive market is larger than the American and Japanese combined.

Chinese clothing and equipment enter the markets of most countries, and exports in all directions are very developed. China provides food for 1/5 of the world's population, while using only 9% of the land intended for agriculture.

Annually GDP growth is 10%, which gives America cause for concern. is represented in the TOP economies of the world by China, as the strongest and most developed power, the rest of Asia has weaker indicators.

Despite the crisis that Europe has been experiencing in recent years, it still stands on its feet and ensures an annual increase in GDP, which is this moment amounted to 3.591 trillion dollars.

Great Britain

The economy of Western Europe, represented by the participating countries, presents a blurred picture, but the undisputed leader is, which is included in the overall ranking for all countries of the planet. The country is poor Natural resources Therefore, its economic policy is based on services, industry and tourism.

Regarding industry, the leaders are the following areas: aviation and pharmaceuticals, as well as the automotive industry and the textile industry. The UK attracts investment from business representatives from other countries with its liberal banking policy, which allows for money laundering.

But in 2018, the country leaves the country, and experts find it difficult to guess what damage this will bring to the state’s economy and how its position in the world will change.

Which ones can be found on our website.

France

The country's economic position has been achieved thanks to the industrial-agrarian policy. Through agriculture, France supplies EU countries with products; this state accounts for ¼ of all supplies.

The country's best attendance figures were achieved largely thanks to the Eiffel Tower, its recognition and the atmosphere of romance associated with it.

But having a high number of visitors to the country, it does not rely on tourism. The fact is that cash, left by tourists in the country, have a smaller volume compared to America, this is due to the fact that tourists in France do not linger, but after seeing the main attraction, they leave for neighboring countries. France's GDP currently stands at $2.537 trillion.

India

The largest inequalities in the standard of living in the country’s social strata did not prevent its economy from taking 6th place, entering the top ten, where national economies richest countries in terms of GDP. The economy is based on agriculture, which accounts for 2/3 of the population's employment, and the service sector and industry contribute to GDP growth.

The country is recognized as one of the fastest growing, despite the fact that most of its residents are below the poverty line, and the country itself is the second most populous country in the world. Currently, India's GDP is $2.048 trillion and is growing steadily every year.

It is possible on our website.

Italy

It has the largest percentage of architectural monuments on its territory, it is visited annually by crowds of tourists, and the country is an icon of style and taste, becoming a trendsetter. But there is economic inequality in the state, since the north is more industrially developed, and the south is based on agricultural achievements, which are small in the country.

Labor productivity is low, the competitiveness of the main agricultural products produced is very weak. The country does not have many areas suitable for growing crops, so it is a major importer of food products. Currently, the GDP is $1.901 trillion.