The final test in social studies option 1

1.For a market economy is characterized by

1.public ownership of the means of production; 2. freedom of entrepreneurship; 3.pricing management; 4.restriction of foreign trade

2. The sum of the market prices of all end products produced per year directly within the country and only by national producers - this is

1.gross domestic product 2.gross national product

3. national income 4.personal income

3. The amount of goods that the manufacturer is ready to bring to the market at a certain point in time at a certain price is

1.dividend; 2. demand; 3. offer; 4.need

4. The emission of cash in the Russian Federation is monopolized by

1. central bank RF 2.Ministry of Finance of the RF

3. Federal Treasury 4. Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of the Russian Federation

5. The factor of production is

1.Entrepreneurial ability 2.Exchange 3.Consumption 4.Distribution

1.Structural 2.Frictional 3.Cyclic 4.Seasonal

7. The import of goods from abroad for their sale in the domestic market is called I am

1.immigration 2.export 3.import 4.emigration

8. The ability of a person to choose based on own decision:

9. In the state of N., a small group of persons who make decisions at the state level or exert influence on them in practice. This group is 1.political party 2.political elite 3.political scientists

4.political movement

10. The traditional (patriarchal) family is different 1. the conclusion of a marriage contract between the spouses 2. the dominant role of the father of the family 3. complete freedom of children from parental control 4. equality of spouses

11. The twenty-four-year-old citizen V., who has no contraindications for health, was exempted from military service. What was the reason for this decision?

1) Citizen V. has parents of pensioners 2) Citizen V. has a wife

3) Citizen V. has a Ph.D. degree 4) Citizen V. is a member of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation

12. Substantive law applies 1. constitutional proceedings 2. environmental law 3. administrative procedure 4. civil procedure law

13.In the bodies of the registry office,

1.dissolution of marriage by mutual consent of the spouses who do not have common minor children

2.dissolution of marriage by mutual consent of the spouses with common minor children

3.Dissolution of marriage in the absence of consent of one of the spouses

4. invalidation of marriage

14. Worker A. decided to move to another enterprise. How long does it take for him to submit an application for dismissal from work of his own free will?

1. in a week 2. in two weeks 3. in a month 4. in two months

15. The requirement to the court of the interested person to administer justice in civil cases to protect the rights and interests violated or contested by the other party is 1. claim 2. memo 3. petition 4. appeal

16.Participants in criminal proceedings on the part of the defense include

IN 1. Below are a number of terms. All of them, with the exception of one, relate to the concept of "market". Find a term that falls out of the row.

Demand, supply, equilibrium price, consumer, government pricing

IN 2. Below is a list of terms. All of them, with the exception of one, are associated with the concept of "freedom". Find and specify a term that refers to another concept.

Choice, arbitrariness, responsibility, knowledge, own decision

B3. Find in the list the types of property acquired by the spouses during marriage that are related to joint property of the spouses 1.Personal belongings 2.Wage 3.Income from sale valuable papers

AT 4. Below is a list of terms. All of them, with the exception of one, are associated with the concept of "civil procedure". Indicate a term related to another concept Evidence, justice, defendant, procedural rights, expert

Q5. Establish a correspondence between the participants in the criminal process and their groups

Participants in criminal proceedings Groups of participants in criminal proceedings

A) witness 1) on the part of the prosecution

B) an employee of the Ministry of Emergency Situations 2) from the side of the defense

C) attorney 3) persons facilitating the conduct of the process

D) the defendant

D) expert

Q 6. Find in the list below the grounds for civil liability.

1) failure to fulfill contractual obligations for the renovation of the apartment

2) obscene language in a public place

3) the seller's refusal to return to the buyer the amount paid for the defective product

4) going on leave for family reasons

5) damage to the health of a pedestrian due to speeding by a motorcyclist

B 7. An employee of the travel company I. is regularly late for the beginning of the working day. The director of the company has repeatedly warned her about the inadmissibility of such actions, but I. continues to be late. Select from the list below the items related to the legal assessment of this situation, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. 1) labor law 2) civil liability

3) disciplinary offense 4) administrative law 5) dismissal

6) material responsibility

Q8 Read the text below where a number of words are missing. Select from the provided list the words to be inserted in place of the blanks.

« The importance of v economic processes plays the so-called law of demand. The operation of this law is most fully manifested in a free market economy __________ (1). __________ (2) is defined by economists as the total amount of goods that __________ (3) at any given time are willing, ready and have the financial ability to purchase at certain prices. This law means that, other things being equal, the volume of demand decreases as __________ increases (4). It should be noted, however, that the change in price and change in demand for __________ (5) are not in direct proportional relationship. In a market economy, there are many more factors that affect __________ (6) prices and demand. "

A) price, B) consumer, C) manufacturer, D) demand, E) production, E) competition, G) goods, H) cost, I) ratio

Final test in social studies option 2

1.The state budget fixes 1.profits and costs of social production; 2. the income and expenditures of the state; 3. the size of consumption per capita; 4.volume money supply in circulation.

2.Open saloon cellular announces the terms of the competition for the vacant position of the general manager. This is an example of how the market works

1.information; 2. labor; 3.goods and services; 4. real estate.

3. Economic development country is determined 1. its budget 2. GDP

3.expenditures on education 4.number of enterprises

4. The income that land brings as a factor of production is called

1.interest 2.input 3. wages 4.profit

5. The team of builders refers to such a factor of production as

1.land 2.capital 3.work 4. entrepreneurial ability

6. Unemployment, which is caused by repeated declines in production in a country or region, is called 1.Structural 2.Frictional

3.Cyclical 4.Seasonal

7. Possibility of choice for a person, made on the basis of his own decision:

1) freedom 2) information 3) religion 4) politics

8. Which types of administrative responsibility do not come from the courts? 1. confiscation 2. warning 3. arrest 4. detention 5. fine

9. A family in which a man has power, all family members are subordinate to him, is called

10. The procedure for electing the President of the Russian Federation and his functions determines 1.administrative law 2. labor law 3. civil law 4. constitutional law

11. Spouse M. wants to divorce her husband. Under what condition can this procedure be carried out in the registry office

1.with the mutual consent of the spouses to dissolve the marriage who do not have minor children

2.in the absence of the consent of one of the spouses to divorce

3.with mutual consent of the spouses to dissolve the marriage, having common minor children

4.if one of the spouses avoids divorce

12. By general rule the conclusion of an employment contract in the Russian Federation is allowed with persons who have reached the age 1.14 years old 2.15 years old 3. 16 years old 4.18 years old

13. The requirement to the court of the interested person to administer justice in civil cases to protect the rights and interests violated or contested by the other party is

2. Memorandum

3.application

4. appeal

14. The participants in the criminal process on the part of the defense include

1.prosecutor 2.investigator 3.defendant 4. victim

15. To the bodies authorized to consider cases of administrative offenses, refers to 1. tax office 2.fishery authorities

3.commission on minors 4.all of the above

16. The global problems of our time include

1.ecological problems 2.drug addiction and drug business 3.international terrorism 4.all of the above

IN 1. Establish a correspondence between factors of production and their examples

PRODUCTION FACTORS

lathe

coal

equipment adjuster

company office

manager

IN 2. Below is a list of social groups. All of them, with the exception of one, are formed along political and ideological lines. Find and write down a term that falls out of this range.

Communists, Social Democrats, Liberals, Catholics, Conservatives

Q3. Find a concept that is generalized for all the other concepts presented below.

Trial, labor contract, part-time job, work book, translation, moving

AT 4. Write down the word missing in the table

Parties to civil proceedings

Name of the parties

Their essence

A person who allegedly violated the rights of the plaintiff and who, at the direction of the latter, is involved in the proceedings by the court

AT 5. Establish correspondence.

Situations types of legal relations

A) the spouses opened a family 1) criminal

a restaurant

B) citizen K. committed robbery 2) family

attack on a collector

C) the spouses submitted an application to the registry office about 3) administrative

divorce

D) parents gave their son a car 4) civil

E) Citizen P. was taken to the department

police for swearing in the city market

B 6. The system administrator of the Arktika company is regularly late for work, referring to traffic jams. Choose from the list of concepts, terms related to the characteristics of this offense.

1) labor law 2) administrative violation 3) fine

4) disciplinary responsibility 5) reprimand

Q7. Find in the list the types of property acquired by the spouses during marriage that belong to each of the spouses.

1.personal belongings 2.wages 3.income from the sale of securities

4. labor pension 5. inherited securities

6.a car donated by the parents of one of the spouses

Q 8 Read the text below where a number of words are missing.

“In the modern economy, there are three main __________ (1): manufacturers economic product, its consumers and __________ (2). Between them there is a very intense __________ (3) goods, services, in cash, information. The state ensures a certain orderliness of economic processes, their legal __________ (4), protection of the rights and interests of individual participants in economic relations. At the same time, the state acts as a very large __________ (5) goods, services, information. At the same time, the state is __________ (6), it purchases from manufacturers military equipment for the army, food products for state reserves, computer technology for state bodies and institutions ". A) producer, B) exchange, C) object, D) state, E) supply E) subject G) regulation, H) demand, I) consumer

Final test in social studies option 3

1. Unemployment, which is associated with a change in the demand for labor in certain industries due to scientific and technological progress, is called

1.Structural 2.Frictional 3.Cyclic 4.Seasonal

2. Citizen K. has violated contractual obligations property nature... What responsibility will citizen K.

1.administrative 2.criminal 3.civil law 4.disciplinary

3. A family in which a man has power, to whom all family members are subordinate, is called 1.patriarchal 2.nuclear 3.childcentric 4.monogamous

4.One of the hallmarks of a market economy is

1.predominance of state ownership

2.pricing regulation government agency economic management

3.existence state plans mandatory for manufacturers

4.Lack of planned government regulation of the amount of products produced

5. Procedural law includes 1.civil law

2. labor law 3. family law 4. constitutional proceedings

6. Automation of production is widespread in R. society, and computerization is being carried out successfully. What additional information allows us to conclude that R.'s society is post-industrial.

1.the main product of production is industrial products

2.the main factor of production - knowledge 3.the widespread use of mechanisms, technologies

4.class division of society

7.Rules of civil law apply in case

1. violation of the rules of conduct in public places 2. strikes of miners

3.exchange of living space 4.the need to determine the amount of alimony

8.Administrative responsibility for individuals comes from the moment

1.14 years old 2.16 years old 3.17 years old 4.18 years old

9.The global problems of our time include

1.energy problem 2.social and demographic problem 3.problem of interaction between Russia and the West 4.all of the above

10 industrial society is being replaced by society

1.non-traditional 2. informational 3. agricultural 4. perfect

11. To phases economic cycle applies 1) deflation 2) default 3) devaluation 4) recession

12 ... The founders of some of the royal dynasties of Europe came from poor, noble families. This fact illustrates the phenomenon of social

stratification 2) mobility 3) inequality 4) evolution

23.S 13. At what age can children go to court:

1) from 11) from 10 years old 2) from 12 years old 3) from 16 years old 4) from 14 years old

10. В14 Types of employment contracts: 1) urgent and indefinite 2) formal and informal 3) with a trial period 4) without probationary period

19.K15. The personal property of the spouses includes (select unnecessary):

1) target 1) securities acquired by a spouse

2) them 2) property belonging to everyone before marriage

3) them 3) property received during marriage as a gift to one of the spouses

4) things for personal use

16. A security that gives its owner the right to demand from the organization that issued the security, within the established time frame, the payment of its par value is called 1) a share 2) a bond 3) a banknote 4) a certificate

Q1: Write down the word that is missing in the table.

Types of company costs

Their essence

Permanent

Costs, the size of which does not depend on the volume of production.

Costs that increase with an increase in production and decrease with a decrease.

B2.Choose a concept that is generalized for the rest of the concepts in the series below. 1) Earth; 2) labor; 3) factors of production; 4) capital; 5) entrepreneurial ability.

Q3 A number of terms are given below. All of them, with the exception of one, relate to the concept of "factor income". Wages, profit, capital, interest, rent.

AT 4. Find in the list below the mechanisms for the government's monetary (monetary) policy. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) support and protection of competition 2) change in the discount rate of interest on a loan

3) ensuring the protection of property rights 4) regulating the income of the population

5) establishment of the bank reserve ratio 6) operations in the securities market

AT 5. Establish a correspondence between the types of economic systems and their features.

SIGNS OF ECONOMIC TO THEIR TYPES OF ECONOMIC

SYSTEMS SYSTEMS

A) the prices of goods are determined 1) command economy

ratio of demand 2) market economy and supply

B) the main means of production belong to the state

C) economic proportions are established centrally

D) the development of production is based on the competition of manufacturers

E) periodically there is a shortage of goods

AT 6. Find concepts related to material culture in this list.

1) religious teaching 2) television 3) music 4) equipment 5) scientific discovery

AT 7. Write down the word that is missing in the table.

Extensive growth

Increased internal gross product by expanding the scale of production

Increase in GDP due to production efficiency

AT 8. Read the text, select from the proposed list the words (phrases) that you need to insert in place of the gaps.

“Unemployment is a ___________ (A) phenomenon that occurs when ___________ (B) labor services exceed demand and is manifested in the fact that some of the able-bodied citizens are not employed in the production of goods and services. The nature of modern unemployment is significantly influenced by the level of ___________ (B), the development of new territories, the emergence of new types of activity, and increased foreign economic competition. ___________ (D) does not mean the absolute absence of unemployment. It corresponds to ___________ (E) unemployment, which is associated with the search for the most suitable jobs, training in new specialties, ___________ (E) changes in demand, etc. Natural unemployment is not a constant. It depends on the level of development of the country's economy: the state must ensure that the actual level of unemployment does not exceed the natural one. "

1) seasonal 2) socio-economic 3) society 4) scientific and technological progress

5) demand 6) supply 7) natural level 8) full employment

9) production

1) command and control

2) market

135. Task number 070FDF

By implementing a set of anti-inflationary measures, the state is implementing economic function

1) protect property rights

3) ensuring employment of the population

4) regulation of taxation

136. Task number 3702FB

There are several meanings of the concept of "economics". What position illustrates economics as a science?

1) production of a large batch of new vacuum cleaners

2) rendering to the population medical services

3) development of telecommunication networks and networks mobile communications

4) study of models of the functioning of the labor market

137. Task number B3A864

138. Task number C2193F

139. Task number 161FD6

Valov domestic product are called

1) organization system national economy

2) social need for a certain amount of goods and services

3) a set of natural and social forces that are potentially suitable for the production of goods and services

4) the sum of market prices of all final products produced during the year on the territory of the country

140. Task No. F5ABFC

Production factors

141. Task number 3D084D

The owner of the beauty salon buys weekly shampoos, masks and hair styling products, creams and other goods. The costs of these purchases relate to

1) permanent

2) market

3) implicit

4) variables

142. Task number 5A5ED3

Are the following judgments about central bank?

A. The central bank heads and directs commercial banks.

B. The central bank controls the volume of the money supply and issues money.

143. Task number 3F9D7E

Are the following judgments about the labor market correct?

A. The labor market is characterized by high professional mobility.

B. Jobseekers create demand in the labor market.

144. Task number 11CAEA

What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "producer"? Drawing on knowledge of your social studies course, make two sentences containing information about the manufacturer.

145. Task №BB5F16

Are the following judgments about the sources of business financing correct?

A. Sources of business financing are private and public investments.

B. Citizens can participate in business financing by purchasing shares of firms on the stock exchange.

146. Task number 1B85B5

To the signs of the market economic system refers

1) private property

2) centralized decision making

3) directive pricing

4) low level of social mobility

147. Task number 03C837

Are the following judgments about the state budget deficit correct?

148. Task number 430A2E

In the town of Z, only one company provides electricity, heating, and water supply to the houses of residents.

Select characteristics from the list below this market and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) the market for means of production

2) pure competition

3) local market

4) market deficit

5) monopoly

6) service market

149. Task number 2C374F

Are the following judgments about the tax policy of the state correct?

150. Task number 036C81

Organization of production, development of management decisions, ensuring entry into new markets for products - examples of the action of one of the main factors of production -

1) capital

2) entrepreneurship

4) shareholders

151. Task number 1614FF

Are the following judgments about traditional economics correct?

152. Task number AB57B1

The figure shows the situation in the market of goods for outdoor activities: the demand line D moved to a new position D1(P- the price of the product, Q- quantity of goods). This movement can be associated primarily with (co)

1) the onset of the holiday season

2) higher prices for leisure goods

3) decrease in consumer income

4) decreasing the number travel companies

153. Task number C30FFE

Competition is important because it

1) promotes price increases

2) contributes to a decrease in the quality of goods and services

3) helps to increase the variety of products and services offered

4) forces producers to increase the cost of producing goods and services

154. Task number 616C2F

Are the following judgments about unemployment correct?

A. The number of unemployed citizens includes pensioners and children.

B. One of the manifestations of hidden unemployment is the transition to part-time work.

155. Task number 8A8DBB

Central Bank of the Russian Federation

1) accepts the savings of citizens

2) issues loans to individuals and companies

3) licenses commercial banks

4) approves the state budget

156. Task number DDA8D5

What is the meaning of economists in the concept of "tax"? Drawing on your knowledge of your social studies course, compose two sentences containing information about taxes.

157. Task number 75B6F7

Economics as a field of knowledge directly studies

1) ways of regulating social conflicts

2) ways of rational use of limited resources

3) the social consequences of the scientific and technological revolution

4) ways of optimal management of society

158. Task number FA780B

159. Task number 098BB3

State in a market economy

1) gives subsidies to entrepreneurs, encouraging production in certain industries

2) sets prices for goods and services

3) affects the ratio of supply and demand

4) carries out directive production planning

160. Task number 6A8C31

Read the text below where a number of words are missing.

“Formation (A) of labor can be accompanied by conflicts between employers and employees. The main method of protecting interests (B) is the creation of trade unions that negotiate on behalf of all their members.

Trade unions usually seek to improve the conditions and (B) of their members, as well as to increase their wages. This makes work for union members more pleasant and profitable, but at the same time narrows (D) employment and leads to an increase in the price of goods for buyers, if the value of profit in the price of goods does not decrease.

Wages should not fall below the minimum level, the basis of the calculation of which is (D). The minimum wage is set and changed by the (E) authorities. "

one once.

Choose one word after another in sequence, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words in the list than you need to fill in the blanks.

1) employment contract

2) market price

3) economic boundaries

4) unemployment

5) employees

6) living wage

7) legislative bodies

8) labor safety

9) profession

161. Task number 0EF192

The steady rise in prices for goods and services associated with a simultaneous increase in demand in most of the country's markets is called

1) demand inflation

2) scarcity

3) cost inflation

4) rush demand

162. Task number 503B3E

What limits consumer demand in a market economy?

1) choice

2) supply growth

3) lower prices for goods

4) solvency

163. Task No. B8045A

Are the following judgments about the subject of economics as a science true?

164. Task number 31E169

One often hears the opinion that the state should not fight unemployment within the framework of a market economy: it is inherent in the market. Form your own opinion on this issue... Give two arguments.

165. Task No. CF51F4

What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "privatization"? Drawing on knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information on privatization.

16. Task number C211FF

Read the text below where a number of words are missing.

Select from the provided list the words to be inserted in place of the blanks.

“The so-called law of demand plays an important role in economic processes. The operation of this law is most fully manifested in a free market economy (1). (2) is defined by economists as the total amount of goods that (3) at any given moment in time are willing, ready and have the financial opportunity to purchase at certain prices. This law means that, other things being equal (4), demand decreases as it increases (5). It should be noted, however, that changes in prices and changes in demand for a product are not directly proportional. In a market economy, there are many more factors that influence (6) prices and demand. "

The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word (phrase) can only be used one once.

2) consumer

3) manufacturer

5) production

6) competition

8) cost

9) ratio

167. Job # CC3EC3

You have been instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic "Family Economics". Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.

169. Task number 6B22AD

Read the text below, each position marked with a specific letter.

(A) As the well-being of Russian families increased in the last decade, the share of food expenditures has decreased. (B) At the same time, the costs of meeting cultural needs are growing. (B) Probably the hardest thing for families to meet the need for comfortable housing. (D) It must be admitted that in a number of cases high housing prices are maintained artificially. (E) Prices are the source important information about the state of this market for both the manufacturer and the consumer.

Determine which positions of the text have

1) factual nature

2) the nature of value judgments

3) the nature of theoretical statements

168. Job No. DBCD23

How does the state budget deficit affect the economy?

1) reduces income inequality

2) increases state debt

3) reduces motivation to work

4) leads to the introduction of preferential taxation

170. Task number 06360E

A factor causing a sharp surge in demand for a product or service may be

1) changing fashion

2) equipment cost

3) the level of corporate income tax

4) increase in production costs

171. Task number 59BC59

The picture shows the situation on the car market - the demand line D has moved to a new position D1. This movement may be associated, first of all, with

1) improving the technology of car production

2) reducing the cost of car production

3) an increase in the volume of public transport services

4) an increase in the income of the population

172. Task # FBFD74

Are the following judgments about a market economy correct?

A. Private property is the backbone of a market economy.

B. In a market economy, limited resources are allocated in a competitive environment.

173. Task number 321CAD

The hallmark of a market economy is

1) mass production of goods

2) competition of manufacturers

3) the presence of commodity-money relations

4) legislative protection of state property

174. Task number 4A9CAD

The graph shows the situation on the hairdressing market: the demand line D has moved to a new position - D1 (P is the price of services, Q is the number of services).

This movement may be associated primarily with

1) an increase in the number of beauty salons

2) fashion for complex hairstyles for women

3) the advent of effective self-care products on the market

4) an increase in the profitability of beauty salons

175. Job # EC889C

The obvious advantages of a market economy include

1) susceptibility to advances in science and technology

2) harmony of personal and public interests

3) steady movement towards full employment

4) decrease in migration processes

176. Task №B6EF9F

What is the meaning of economists in the concept of "production"? Drawing on your knowledge of your social studies course, compose two sentences containing information about production.

177. Task number B92D69

Name and illustrate specific examples any three factors that determine significant differences in the levels of wages of workers.

178. Task number 9A8516

Which of the following is reflected in the state budget items?

1) expenses for public administration

2) income of citizens from entrepreneurial activity

3) unemployment rate

4) average monthly salary

179. Task number 0F57AF

The state in a market economy regulates

1) the volume of money supply in circulation

2) the volume of production

3) social needs

4) income of enterprises

180. Task number FE86C3

The figure shows the situation on the hairdressing market (P - price, Q - quantity). Analyze the supply change (supply line S moved to position S1). How can this change be explained?

1) Complex hairstyles and makeup are in fashion for women.

3) An unfavorable economic situation has been established in the country.

4) The number of hairdressing salons has increased.

181. Assignment # EAEAEE

Choose a concept that is generalizing for the rest of the concepts in the series below, and write down the number under which it is indicated.

1)Land; 2)work; 3)factors of production; 4)capital; 5)entrepreneurial ability.

182. Task number D0CF26

The risks of opening the domestic market for foreign manufacturers include

1) increasing the variety of goods and services offered

2) lower prices due to increased supply

3) dependence of the country's economy on imports of a number of goods

4) increase in state budget revenues

183. Task number 6F6843

Are the following judgments about the type of market structure called monopoly correct?

184. Task number 4B82BC

Which economic phenomenon reflected in the following description of the social situation: “Prices rose so quickly that the waiters changed them on the menu several times during lunch. Sometimes restaurant patrons had to pay twice the price on the menu when they first ordered?

1) inflation

2) specialization

3) denomination

4) nationalization

Task number 243E00

185. Task number 243E00

Illustrate with three examples the impact of a country's financial stability on success economic activity individuals and firms (enterprises).

186 Task No. 6560F5

The state budget

1) determines the level of inflation in the country

2) regulates the volume of money supply

3) reflects the main directions domestic policy

4) sets minimum size wages

187. Task number 907D33

A number of terms are listed below. All of them, with the exception of two, relate to the concept of "microeconomics".

1) Firm; 2) local market; 3) stock Exchange; 4) costs; 5) accounting profit; 6) tax system of the country.

Find two terms "out of the ordinary" and referring to another concept, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.

188. Task number DEDFF5

Are the following judgments about the essence of the equilibrium state of the market for any product correct?

189. Task number D578BE

The state performs a number of functions in economic life society. What is an example of stimulating entrepreneurial activity of economic entities?

1) creating open economic zones

3) conducting anti-inflationary policy

4) issuance of licenses financial institutions

190. Task number 60E0C4

Read the text below where a number of words are missing. Select from the provided list the words to be inserted in place of the blanks.

“The so-called law of demand plays an important role in economic processes. The operation of this law is most fully manifested in a free market economy (1). (2) is defined by economists as the total amount of goods that (3) at any given moment in time are willing, ready and have the financial opportunity to purchase at certain prices. This law means that, other things being equal, the volume of demand decreases as it increases (4). It should be noted, however, that the change in price and change in demand for (5) are not in direct proportional relationship. In a market economy, there are many more factors that influence (6) prices and demand. "

The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word (phrase) can only be used one once.

Choose one word after another in sequence, mentally filling in each gap. Note that there are more words in the list than you need to fill in the blanks.

The table below shows the pass numbers. Write under each number the letter corresponding to the word you have chosen.

2) consumer

3) manufacturer

5) production

6) competition

8) cost

9) ratio

191. Task number 83927A

The introduction of scientific and technical developments into production contributes to

1) decrease in demand for skilled labor

2) increasing labor productivity

3) lower taxes on producers

4) growth of the budget deficit

192. Task number 3A884E

What is the consumer's income from the use of property?

1) state fee

2) inheritance tax

3) dividends on shares

4) insurance premiums

Task number 490690

The figure shows the situation on the insurance market ( P- price, Q- number). Analyze the change in demand (demand line D moved to position D1).

How can this change be explained?

1) a decrease in payments after the occurrence of insured events

2) increasing consumer income

3) an increase in the number of insurance companies

4) introduction compulsory insurance civil liability

193. Task number B2A659

The market economy differs from the command economy in that it contains

1) employees at enterprises are paid wages

2) there is a division of labor between industries, enterprises, workers

3) prices for goods are determined by the ratio of supply and demand

4) demand is regulated by cards, coupons, lists of beneficiaries

194 Task number 2675B1

The economic crisis has led to the closure of businesses and an increase in unemployment in many sectors. What kind of unemployment is illustrated by this example?

1) friction

2) cyclic

3) seasonal

4) structural

195. Task number CAB5D5

Name any three economic functions of the state and illustrate each of them with an example.

196. Task number 293054

The negative consequences of market regulation of the economy include

1) free pricing

2) refusal from equalizing distribution of goods and services

3) dominance of consumption over production

4) the presence of people unemployed in social production, unemployment

197. Task number A962E2

The graph shows the situation on the meat and meat products market: the demand line D has moved to a new position - D1 (P is the price of the product, Q is the quantity of the product).

This movement can be associated primarily with (co)

1) reduction of taxes on meat producers

2) news of an epidemic disease of animals

3) an increase in consumer income

4) an increase in the number of manufacturers of meat products

198. Task No. AD0757

Write down the word that is missing in the table.

The economic growth

199. Task number F77139

The Z region mobile market is controlled by one a large company, other manufacturers are not represented. Select the characteristics of a given market from the list below and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) goods market

2) perfect competition

3) regional market

4) service market

5) monopoly

6) market deficit

200. Task number A897B1

Are the following judgments about the role of the state in the economy correct?

A. The state is a producer of public goods.

B. The state always regulates the distribution of limited factors of production.

201. Task number C60941

Are the following judgments about the state budget correct?

202. Task number C7A704

Find the factors that influence the increase in demand for consumer goods from the list. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) increase in family income

2) increase in value added tax

3) decrease in the production of goods

4) lower prices for goods

6) rise in the cost of consumer loans

203. Task number F71F27

In which of the following situations are we talking about mortgage?

1) Citizen M. took out a bank loan to buy a mink coat.

2) Citizen N. issued a loan for the purchase of an apartment.

3) The trading network received a loan from a commercial bank for the purchase of goods.

4) The state-owned enterprise received a loan for the purchase of equipment.

204. Task number 04A896

One of the hallmarks of a market economy is

1) the predominance of state ownership

2) regulation of prices by the state authority for managing the economy

3) the existence of government plans that are binding on manufacturers

4) the lack of planned government regulation of the amount of products produced

205. Task number 0538DA

Read the text below, each position is numbered.

Determine which text positions are worn

1) factual nature

2) the nature of value judgments

206. Task №CFA1AD

Tax revenues to the state budget allow financing social programs... What function of taxes is manifested in this fact?

1) redistributive

2) educational

3) fiscal

4) economic

207. Task number BC8CB6

Providing legal protection of property rights, the state performs an economic function

1) tax regulation

2) regulation money circulation

3) production of public goods

4) creating conditions for economic freedom

208. Task №F4F23D

Find in the list below the levers of financial and economic regulation of the market by the state.

1) antitrust legislation

2) loans provided to entrepreneurs

3) development of the system of economic education in secondary school

4) presentation of state awards for industrial success

5) tax policy

209. Task number A9C8C7

The figure shows the changes that have occurred with the supply of wheat in the relevant market. Moving the supply curve S to a new position S1 can be associated, first of all, with (co)

1) an increase in the income of wheat producers

2) an increase in prices for mineral fertilizers

3) a decrease in prices for land

4) lower prices for diesel fuel and gasoline

210. Task number C98E80

In state Z, the economy is based on a variety of forms of ownership and economic freedom of producers. What type of economic system is this typical for?

1) market

2) traditional

3) distribution

4) command

211. Task number D3873D

Write down the word that is missing in the table.

212. Task number 8FE0CB

In the N. country, there is a sharp rise in prices for consumer goods. Money depreciates. Fall real income population. Which economic concept used to characterize this process?

1) nationalization

2) inflation

3) budget surplus

4) privatization

213. Task number D913BB

The figure shows the situation on the winter sports equipment market: the demand line D has moved to a new position - D1 (P is the price of the product, Q is the volume of demand for the product). This movement can be associated primarily with (co)

1) a decrease in the income of the population

2) popularization of winter sports

3) the development of a network of fitness clubs

4) prolonged thaw in winter

The study of the interaction of supply and demand, competition as the main pricing tools allows for an effective search for elements of an effective mechanism of market self-regulation ...

In a market economy, price has a number of important functions.

Prices convey information ... The price system automatically disseminates information to all market participants about steady growth or decline in demand for a particular type of product. This prompts them to increase or, conversely, reduce the volume of production until a new rise or fall in prices sends signals about a shortage or overproduction of marketable products.

In modern conditions in the developed countries of the West, the action of new system greatly simplified due to the functioning of highly organized markets with a developed infrastructure. At the same time, the pricing system is complicated due to distortions of price information for a number of reasons. First of all, it is worth noting the state's interference in economic processes. A negative role is played by the activity of monopolies seeking to extract the highest possible profits, including by raising prices. Inflation is also a distorting factor, especially if it is high and volatile.

Prices have an important incentive function. Each company seeks to reduce production costs, rightly seeing this as one of the time-tested levers of profit growth. For these purposes, the achievements of scientific and technological progress, innovative and competitive technologies, know-how, all kinds of management, etc. are used. The cost of production, the labor intensity of its production are the basis for the formation of market prices. Each enterprise has its own capabilities and reserves on this path, using them to achieve the set goal. Thus, the price stimulates the implementation of the achievements of scientific and technological progress, helps to reduce production costs and improve product quality.

Prices participate in the regulation of the production of goods and services, and also affect the distribution of income, the change in the structure of their use. This function is outside state influence is spontaneous. The rise in prices, for example, promotes an increase in the production of goods, but to certain limits, since high prices restrict demand.

(V.I.Kushlin)

1. Assignment # 1B4D95

What are the two main market pricing tools named in the text? What is the significance of the information disseminated by the price system?

2.Job # 310B2A

It is known that in market conditions prices are set under the influence of supply and demand. However, according to a number of economists, even in these conditions, the state should not lose control over prices for goods and services. Using text content and social science knowledge, make three assumptions about possible forms and manifestations of such control.

3. Job No. FBF172

What are the three functions of prices in market conditions discussed in the text? Name them and illustrate each with a specific example.

4. Task No. A07DC0

The market economic system, like any other economic system, has its advantages and disadvantages ... As a rule, the main advantages of a market economy include, first of all, its extreme dynamism and ability to self-regulation. As a result, it is receptive to innovation and is able to provide fast and efficient economic growth, incl. through the entrepreneurial activity of the population. The market economy is also distinguished by a high ability to efficiently allocate resources, to rapidly develop and widely implement competitive production technologies. Finally, it should be noted its vitality and adaptability.

Among the shortcomings of the market economy, many researchers attribute the gradual weakening and even the deliberate elimination of the main element of the market system of management - competition ... Another major drawback of the market mechanism of management is that it does not provide full employment of the population and a stable level of prices ...

One cannot but mention inflationary processes that often manifest themselves in a market economy. It should be borne in mind here that the inflationary rise in prices has a pronounced destabilizing effect on economic life. It consists in the fact that monetary aggregates begin to depreciate rapidly in relation to real assets ...

The undoubted disadvantage of a market economy is that it does not create material incentives for the production of those goods and services that belong to the so-called. public goods. It does not in itself solve a number of major social problems. Among them, the organization of public health care, free education, support for poorly protected layers of the population, development of culture, ensuring the protection of public order, national defense, etc. The market mechanism of management is not able to take into account these needs of society. Therefore, the state is forced to ensure the production of public goods and the provision of services, pursuing an appropriate tax policy.

The market economy is characterized by high differentiation in the income of the population.

(V.I.Kushlin and others)

1. Job number 43D331

What are the advantages of a market economy noted by the authors? List any three merits.

2. Task number 596255

Explain the relationship between unemployment and the market economy. Illustrate with two examples of measures public policy to reduce unemployment.

3. Task No. D97752

What are the disadvantages of a market economy considered by the authors? List any five shortcomings.

4. Task number 20A7D0

How is the state tax policy related to the production of public goods and the solution of social problems of society? Using text and social science knowledge, give three explanations for this connection.

The market economy is a social system of division of labor and private ownership of the means of production. Each acts at his own peril and risk, but in acting, each person has in mind the needs of others rather than his own. In entrepreneurship, a person needs the environment of fellow citizens ...

This system has been honed by the market. The marketplace directs people's activities in a direction where they best meet the needs of those around them. The market works without coercive measures... The state and the punitive apparatus do not interfere in the market and the system of civil relations governed by the market. Only if it is necessary to prevent destructive phenomena is the use of forceful sanctions justified, the purpose of which is the regular functioning of the market economy. Maintaining life, health and property against violence, aggression, cheating on the part of internal criminal elements and external enemies - these are the functions of the state, the guarantor of the normal operation of the market economy ... The individual integrates, as best he can, independently into the system of cooperation. The market shows him how to better equip himself and others. Only the market is able to bring order to the whole social system, to convey to it the meaning and meaning, therefore, the role of the market is the most important.

The market ... is a process of interaction and cooperation of various individuals, connected by a system of division of labor ... The market process is the adaptation of individual actions to the requirements of mutual cooperation. Prices tell manufacturers what, how, and how much to produce. The market is a focal point in which types of activity intersect and reflect; from this center they spread further ...

Directing economic stocks in market conditions is the task of entrepreneurs. They also retain the production control function. They stand at the helm and control the ship. To a superficial observer, it seems that they are the ones who occupy key positions. However, this is not the case: the entrepreneurs themselves, of course, obey the commands of the captain, and this captain is the consumer. It is not the entrepreneurs, capitalists, landowners, but consumers who establish what exactly should be produced. If a merchant does not obey the strict orders expressed in the structure of market prices, then he will first face losses, and then bankruptcy. It is simply replaced by other agents, those who are better able to meet consumer demand ...

It is consumers who can make the rich poor and the poor rich. Only they accurately determine the quantity and quality, as well as the type of product itself. Impartial egoists, they consist of whims and fantasies, changeable and unpredictable. Apart from their own satisfaction, they do not want to know anything. Neither past merits nor loyal interests matter.

(L. Mises)

1. Task number 469708

Using text, social science knowledge and facts public life, explain and illustrate with two examples the author's idea that the market directs the activity of people in a direction where they best meet the needs of others.

2. Task №AABDDD

3. Task number 5976AA

“There is no and cannot be an effective ... socially oriented market economy without an active regulatory role of the state.

<…>The state always retains classical functions, such as: protection of property rights; ensuring freedom of entrepreneurship, ensuring the rule of law and law and order in the economic sphere; regulation of monetary circulation, ensuring the stability of the national currency; regulation of the relationship between labor and capital, ensuring economic security countries, etc. None of these functions disappear or lose their role.

<…>With the development of society ... there is a development, enrichment, clarification of the functions of the state. This process proceeds in the following directions: a consistent transition from direct to indirect methods of economic regulation; a sharp increase in the social functions of the state, its role in regulating social processes, starting with the establishment minimum rates wages, definition living wage, reduction of unjustified differentiation of incomes of the population, ensuring stability in society.

Recently, qualitatively new functions of the state have emerged.<…>State taking on obligations in the field of education, formation and support basic science, solving environmental issues.

<…>What tasks of the state are we talking about at the stage of the formation of a market economy?<…>This is, first of all, the formation of a new system of property relations.<…>Formation of small business.<…>Formation of the basic elements of a market economy, including financial and stock markets, institutions for regulating the labor market and employment, the infrastructure of the market economy as a whole. "

(Abalkin A.I.)

1. Job number 431867

2. Task number 6897E7

What are the three new features modern state in the economy notes the author?

3. Task number 1403BC

4. Task number 6F5B60

The author writes about the regulatory role of the state in the economy. Name another regulator economic activity in the economic system referred to in the text. Indicate any two of its regulatory functions.

The sets of tasks solved by governments in regulating the economy are determined both by the general laws of the functioning of modern market systems and by specific needs and conditions of a particular country. Applied to modern Russia three large generalized tasks can be distinguished ... First, ensuring the sustainability of economic growth, which serves to increase the welfare and social development of the nation. Secondly, the implementation of an effective transformation of the country's economic system in order to increase the efficiency and flexibility of its institutions. Third, the protection of national interests in foreign economic relations.

The first of these tasks is mainly solved by the efforts of enterprises, firms, corporations ... To achieve sustainable and socially oriented economic growth, an integrated economic policy of a nationwide scale is needed ... It is also planned to implement state orders and national investment programs in areas of particular importance to society. Today, the economic policy in a country equivalent to Russia must certainly be innovation-oriented. This requires special measures on the part of the state to support science, education and innovative entrepreneurship.

The second task is the transformation of the country's economic system ... having in mind the creation of a modern and highly efficient market economy, it involves a wide range of reform actions, which are characterized by complex parameters and require special control from the state. Of decisive importance in this block of tasks is the formation of market institutions necessary for a highly efficient economy, the transformation and improvement of the public administration system.

The third task is foreign economic. It is associated with the state's support for the independence and identity of the country's economic system in relations with the outside world. It is known that modern international economic relations imbued with the spirit of globalism. National economic interests can be pushed aside to the second and even third plan under the powerful pressure of the interests of transnational capital. But TNCs and international capital are also national in their own way. They express the priorities of their home country or the integral interests of a group of countries. And this is usually the most the developed countries the world. Therefore, the task to defend in foreign economic relations national interests the country has not lost its importance. It has become more multifaceted and complex.

(V.I.Kushlin and others)

1. Task number 0EB141

2. Task number ACF177

3. Task number 2FBC45

Which direction economic policy in a country equivalent to Russia, do the authors consider it necessary? What is the essence of this policy direction? Using the content of the text, social science knowledge and facts of public life, give two explanations of the prospects of this direction of economic policy.

4. Task number 8714B8

Name two factors that, according to the authors, determine the tasks of the government in regulating the economy. What three tasks of regulating the economy of modern Russia do the authors consider urgent?

We set ourselves the most serious tasks: by 2020 to enter the five largest economies in the world. We are able to solve this problem. But this is not an end in itself - to enter the top five; you and I understand that the size of the economy will depend on the state's ability to address social issues. This means that in order to ensure such a dynamic, outstripping movement of Russia forward, it is already now necessary to actively move to a qualitatively new social policy - the policy of social development.

Its content is much broader than just the payment of benefits and the financing of social institutions. We are talking about the formation of a modern social environment around a person, working to improve his health, education, housing, working conditions, increase competitiveness and income, and ultimately, for development. Russian people... Not just for saving, but for the development of the Russian people.

<…>the foundation social policy Is an adequate level of people's income. In the coming years, we must raise the average pension above the subsistence level and bring the level of wages in the social sphere to the average level of wages in each of the regions of the country. Of course, effective support for family, motherhood and childhood should also be developed.<…>

In the near future, we need to deal in detail with updating the system of social obligations in order to fully implement the principles of accessibility and quality of social services. This work should be carried out in constant dialogue with civil society, business, professional communities.<…>

Finally, it is necessary to get rid of the stereotype that the "social sphere" is exclusively the fiefdom of the state: there are already examples when private business works in social spheres - both with higher quality and at the same time with lower costs.

Ultimately, it doesn't matter where the service is provided: public, private or municipal institution, - the main thing is that a person can choose the option that suits him. And the state must pay for the services provided in the amount determined by state guarantees.<…>

<…> social sphere should become a field for interested partnership of the state, business, public structures in the implementation of their joint programs.

(V.V. Putin)

1. Job No. ADC936

How is the task of Russia's entry into the five largest economies in the world related to the social policy of the state? What task directly follows from this connection?

2. Task number 8A035E

The text reveals the meaning of the term "policy of social development" in a narrow and broad sense. Bring them down, be sure to mark which meaning corresponds to the narrow meaning, and which - to the wide one.

3. Task No. B13742

As you understand what V.V. Putin's expression "system of social obligations"? What, in the author's opinion, is its renewal in modern conditions? How can civil society organizations participate in this update?

4. Task number F94DD5

V.V. Putin proposes to take measures to ensure an adequate level of people's incomes. What categories of the population are primarily intended to improve these measures? (Name three such categories of the population). Why exactly these categories of the population need governmental support?

With the emergence of the "class of intellectuals" non-materialistic goals become the driving force of social progress, and that part of society that is not able to assimilate them objectively loses its significance in social life more than any other class in the agrarian or industrial societies... Intellectual stratification, reaching unprecedented proportions today, is gradually becoming the basis of any other social stratification ...

Development modern economy based on the production and use of knowledge, presupposes the formation of a new principle of social stratification, much more rigid in comparison with all known to history. In agrarian societies, the power of the feudal lord over the peasants was given the right of birth, in an industrial society the power of the capitalist was based on the right of property, and the influence of a civil servant was determined by his place in the political system; all these status factors were not conditioned by the natural and irreducible qualities of people - any member of society, finding himself in the place of representatives of the ruling class, could with more or less success perform the corresponding social functions ...

In modern conditions, it is not social status that is the condition for a person to belong to the elite of post-industrial society; on the contrary, he himself forms the qualities that make him a representative of the highest social stratum. It is widely believed that information is the most democratic source of power, because everyone has access to it, and a monopoly on it is impossible; however, it is also important that information is also the least democratic factor of production, since access to it does not at all mean possession of it ...

(V.L. Inozemtsev)

Read the text below where a number of words are missing

“The so-called law of demand plays an important role in economic processes. The operation of this law is most fully manifested in a free market economy (1). (2) is defined by economists as the total amount of goods that (3) at any given moment in time are willing, ready and have the financial opportunity to purchase at certain prices. This law means that, other things being equal (4), demand decreases as it increases (5). It should be noted, however, that changes in prices and changes in demand for a product are not directly proportional. In a market economy, there are many more factors that influence (6) prices and demand. " 642719

• 1) price
• 2) consumer
• 3) manufacturer
• 4) demand
• 5) production
• 6) competition
• 7) volume
• 8) cost
• 9) ratio

Task number 66

Read the text below where a number of words are missing.

Select from the provided list the words to be inserted in place of the blanks.

“Limitedness is the insufficiency of the volume of available (A) all types for the production of the volume of goods that people would like to receive. The limited labor is due to the fact that the number (B) of the inhabitants of any country is strictly fixed at any given time. In addition, according to their (B), available skills, only a part of citizens are suitable for performing specific types of work. These restrictions can be eased, for example, by inviting workers from abroad or retraining and training workers in the most (G). But all this takes time, and an instant expansion of the workforce is impossible to achieve. Limited land ( natural resources) is determined by (D) the country and the presence of mineral deposits in its depths. The limited capital is determined by the previous development of the country, by what (E) it has managed to accumulate. "

• 1) trade
• 2) abilities 572634
• 3) geography
• 4) production potential
• 5) resources
• 6) scarce specialties
• 7) able-bodied
• 8) education system
• 9) demographic

Task number 67

Task number 68

Modern market characterizes

• 1) a combination of market and government regulation
• 2) complete elimination economic planning
• 3) stability of prices for consumer goods
• 4) centralized resource allocation

Task number 69

The figure shows the situation on the winter sports equipment market: the demand line D has moved to a new position - D1 (P is the price of the product, Q is the volume of demand for the product). This movement can be associated primarily with (co)

• 1) a decrease in the income of the population
• 2) popularization of winter sports
• 3) the development of a network of fitness clubs
• 4) prolonged thaw in winter

Task number 70

• Write down the word that is missing in the table.

2) young people under the age of 25 consider the creation of a strong family to be the most important criterion in life

3) to be the best - a criterion typical for young people aged 18 to 25 years. This is due to their adolescent maximalism.

4) the number of people who believe that career growth is the most important in life decreases with age

A11 Economics as a science studies

1) ways of distributing material goods

2) the operation of the objective laws of history

3) a system of features that determine the social structure

4) the principles and norms of the exercise of state power

A12. Are the following judgments correct?

4) means of labor

A14. An economic system in which the decision of what, how and for whom to produce is the result of the interaction of buyers and sellers in the market, is called

1) traditional economics

2) market economy

3) centralized (command) economy

4) mixed economy

A15. The state budget surplus is

2) excess of expenses over income

4) excess of income over expenses

A16. Are the following judgments correct?

1) only A is true 3) both statements are true

2) only B is true 4) both judgments are wrong

Part 2

IN 1. Write down the word that is missing in the fragment of the table.

Family types

Answer: ______________________

IN 2. All but one of the concepts below are related to the concept of “social norm”.

Sanction, social control, deviant behavior, social community, self-control.

Find and specify a term that is not related to the concept of "social norm".

Answer: ________________________________

AT 3. Establish a correspondence between the types of status and examples of their manifestation: for each position given in the first column, select the position from the second column.

6) a high level of employee motivation to work

Answer: ______________

AT 8. Find a concept that is generalizing for all the other concepts in the series below, and write down the number under which it is indicated.

1) encouragement 2) sanction 3) punishment 4) bonus 5) dismissal

Answer: _______________

Part 3

Read the text and complete tasks C1-C4.

Inflation

“Inflation is the result macroeconomic instability, when aggregate demand exceeds aggregate supply... Regardless of the sphere in which a chain reaction arises and Feedback, since production, distribution, exchange, consumption are interconnected ...

From the point of view of manifestation, one distinguishes between open and suppressed (hidden) inflation. Open inflation manifests itself in a prolonged rise in the price level, suppressed inflation is characterized by a relatively stable price level in the economy, but its direct manifestation is a commodity deficit, which also essentially means the depreciation of money. In a market economy, inflation is open, in a command-administrative one - suppressed ...

The negative social and economic impact of inflation is forcing governments different countries to pursue an anti-inflationary economic policy.

The fight against inflation is possible only at the macroeconomic level and by the forces of the state. Anti-inflationary measures can only be applied to open inflation; suppressed defies limitation because it cannot be measured. The first step in fighting suppressed inflation should be to translate it into open inflation.

An anti-inflationary program should be based on an analysis of the causes and factors causing inflation, a set of economic policy measures to help reduce inflation.

There are two approaches to managing the economy under conditions of inflation: 1) adaptation policy; 2) an attempt to reduce inflation by anti-inflationary measures "

C1. Based on the text, explain why, having originated in one area, inflation leads to a chain reaction.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

C2. Describe the types of inflation mentioned by the author by filling out the table.

Comparison line		inflation
Their manifestation
In what types of economic. systems exist
Applicability of anti-inflation action measures

C3. The author mentions negative social and economic impact inflation. Give three examples of the socio-economic consequences of inflation, based on knowledge of the social science course and facts of public life.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

C4. What approaches to managing the economy under conditions of inflation does the author highlight? Using your knowledge of your social studies course, provide two examples of measures to illustrate each approach (one for each approach).

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

C5. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "state budget". Drawing on knowledge of the social science course, compose two sentences containing information about the state budget.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

C6. Name three trends in the development of the social structure of modern Russian society.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

C7. After graduating from technical college, the young man got a job as a consultant at a computer manufacturing firm. After some time, he entered advanced training courses. Changes have taken place in him personal life: he married the daughter of a co-owner of the company. Completion of the course coincided with his appointment as the chief manager of the company. What social process can this plot serve as an illustration? What factors played a decisive role here? What are they called in sociology?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

C8. You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer