Tips for construction and repair. Construction tricks. Area number of floors architecture

IN Everyday life It often happens that we do something wrong and construction is no exception. It happens that you have been working with some building material for years, but you either did not know the intricacies of working with it at all, or had unreliable information. And often you want to hear advice from a professional who specializes in construction. Our “repair tips” section was created due to numerous requests from site users. We've done the work for you. We interviewed professional builders and they shared their tricks with us. Many will find answers to the comments they wrote here. In this article you can learn a lot of new, interesting and useful information from building councils. Gain knowledge.

1) You can apply a design yourself to a regular tile. To do this, you need to cut out a stencil with the desired pattern from thick paper and firmly stick it onto the tile with rubber glue (after wiping the tile with acetone). Automotive nitro enamel is applied to open areas of the surface using a sprayer (you can use nitro paint in an aerosol package). After the paint has dried, the stencil is removed. The coating will be resistant to moisture, smooth and shiny.

2) To extend the service life of paper wallpaper, coat it with NTs-228 varnish, which creates a durable film. The varnish dries quickly, so it must be applied with a wide soft brush in parallel stripes. To avoid sagging and drips, the brush should be dipped in no more than one-third of the varnish.

3) To natural light your future country house was uniform, the distance from the window to the nearest wall should not be more than one meter.

4) At points of contact wooden structures with metal or brick you need to lay roofing felt. You can replace roofing felt with glassine, but between wooden walls and brickwork Roofing felt and glassine cannot be laid. Condensation will form on them and the wooden wall will become damp, which will subsequently lead to its rotting.

5) In the first weeks of operation of the well, you need to extract as much water as possible from it. In this case, voids filled with water will form in the ground around the filter, and the filter will not become clogged, and the well will delight you with a large amount of life-giving moisture. Try to use the well regularly to prevent voids from being drawn in.036. Broken enamel in bathtubs and sinks can be restored with KO-174 enamel in aerosol packaging or using liquid glass and white cement of a grade of at least “300”. Cement is mixed in liquid glass to a creamy consistency and applied to a previously cleaned and degreased surface. Full curing time is 5-6 hours.

6) If you want to make a water heating boiler yourself, then you need to know that the area of ​​the heat-receiving surface should be 1 square meter. for every 100 sq. m. heated room.

7) Design work It is better to carry out landscaping work in the fall, that is, before the snow falls. The company will be able to complete the project during the winter.

8) If your Vacation home built from a log house or timber, then an antiseptic will save it from rotting.

9) If you are going to enter into an agreement with a company engaged in landscape design, then remember that in many companies the final amount for work performed differs (not in your favor!) from the amount indicated in the estimate. Be prepared for “cheating” and choose a company whose activities will be told to you by customers who have worked with it.

10) If you do not have the ability to control the progress of construction and repair work on plot of land, lawyers recommend concluding an agreement with a pensioner who previously worked in a construction organization.

11) The slope of your home's roof significantly affects snow accumulation. The “badest” angle is considered to be an angle of 25-30°. A larger angle allows the wind to blow away the snow, while a smaller angle does not prevent snow from sliding off the roof.

12) Most experts agree that the most popular of all insulation materials is the certified Isover insulation.

13) One of the most popular building materials nowadays is drywall. They are used to decorate walls, ceilings, and partitions. This material is gypsum covered with paper on top. How did he gain such popularity? Many people are attracted to drywall because it is very easy and simple to work with, plus its service life is not inferior to others. finishing materials. Drywall is also practical in material terms; you will pay relatively little for the material and work itself. a small amount, while obtaining excellent quality. Drywall is the material of the future!

14) In order for your country house to stand on a solid foundation, experts recommend building monolithic foundation. The advantage of this foundation over a foundation made of bricks and blocks is that the material used and construction technology virtually eliminate deformation of the foundation over time.

15) If you are planning to build a winter house from timber, then you must remember that the thickness of the walls must be at least 150 mm. If thinner timber is used, the wall must be insulated.

16) For the construction of a country house, experts recommend using laminated veneer lumber. This will reduce construction time, since it does not require shrinkage time.

17) how to attach moisture-resistant panels to painted plaster? - Answer: it is advisable to sand the paint, but it can be attached using special liquid nails without solvents. Secure it from the bottom and top either with a profile or with simple self-tapping screws so that it does not move until the nails dry.

18) There are many types of air conditioners and they do not necessarily have to be installed in a window. There are even air conditioners that do not require installation at all and can be freely moved around the apartment.

19) Is it possible to use plastic waste pipes in the country, burying them in the ground and draining waste water? - Answer: it is quite possible to use, it is better to choose imported (thick-walled) ones, usually they are orange. They are easier to install. It is also necessary to think about insulating the pipes if you plan to use the drain in winter.

20) there are many ways to decorate porcelain tiles: borders, inserts, roses, etc. Decorative elements In series of unglazed porcelain stoneware, they are most often made using the mosaic method. There is probably only one piece of advice here - “measure seven times, cut once,” because in principle there is nothing complicated, the main thing is to take the measurements correctly and cut according to them. I advise you to entrust the cutting to professionals, since it will be cheaper in terms of money and your nerves will be intact. The cost is somewhere around 80 rubles. sq. m. for a straight cut

21) the mosaic is glued to the wall, almost like regular tiles. Naturally, gypsum board covered with wallpaper is not suitable for this; the walls must be prepared. And gluing is very simple - it is glued to the mesh, glued with the front surface up. Happy renovation!

22) do not buy material in small stores in your city. Don’t be lazy, go to stores like “Leroy Merlin”, “Costorama”, etc. Quality too, and savings of almost 50%....

23) how to install a microwave in the kitchen in an original way with minimal loss of space. Advice for those who have a pantry adjacent to the kitchen wall. We did this: we cut out a window in the wall behind which the closet is located and inserted the microwave so that it itself stands on a shelf in the pantry, and in the kitchen there is only a door in the wall flush with the wall. Beautiful, comfortable and stylish.

24) How to putty on painted walls. To begin with, if the paint has not peeled off, scrape the wall with some sharp object, like a nail, then dilute a solution of PVA glue, sand and water, the sand should be fine, river sand. You don't need a lot of sand. We treat the wall surface with the resulting solution, wait until it dries completely, the working surface is ready for putty. Good luck!

25) Do not hire Tajiks to help and hire Russians. It’s cynical, but the renovation works SO much better...

26) If it is difficult to wrap a screw in hard wood, then it is better to make a small indentation with an awl and rub the screw itself with soap. After this, the screw will go in very easily.

27) the first jigsaw was invented in 1923

Construction Tips

28) drywall is incredibly fire resistant. It can withstand flame for about 30 minutes.

29) in order for the screw to tighten better into the wood, it must first be rubbed with soap.

30) a new broom will last longer if you soak it for 2-3 hours in hot salt water.

31) for threaded connections of a pipeline, ordinary chewing gum can serve as a chic, reliable sealant: chew, soften, stretch, wrap around the thread, twist the connection and forget about leaks.

32) door hinges will not creak if they are not lubricated with oil in time - this advice has long been known. But you can do without lubrication. To do this, you need to make a washer from a polyethylene cork and put it on the hinge pin.

33) To prevent oil paint from drying out during storage and to prevent a film from forming on it, use our advice: place a circle of thick paper on the surface of the paint and fill it with a thin layer of drying oil.

34) the smell of oil paint in the room will disappear faster if you place plates of salt in several places.

35) if you don’t have electrical tape on hand when repairing electrical wiring, wrap the wires with tape cut from a plastic bag, melt it with a lighter and insulate the connection with the melted mass.

36) draft is the worst enemy of wallpaper.

37) with the help of a construction site you can make repairs with your own hands and build any object.

38) the head from the used aerosol is inserted into a rubber bulb, turning it into an excellent liquid spray.

39) don’t be upset if you don’t have special hooks for curtains, they can be replaced with paper clips.

40) a mixture of chalk powder mixed with silicate glue applied to window glass makes it matte.

41) if you lubricate a snow shovel with paraffin, wet snow will not stick to it.

42) the simplest device for engraving glass and metal is obtained by attaching a glass cutter roller to an electric motor.

44) a saw with centimeter divisions applied to the blade is very convenient to use; the notches can be applied using a chisel or a trihedron.

45) when whitewashing walls or ceilings with a brush, the lime mortar will apply more evenly if you put a nylon stocking on the brush in two or three layers.

46) a round steel rod attached to a magnet will help clear the narrow and deep nest from metal filings.

47) if you need to saw a round stick lengthwise, this work is most conveniently done using a template; it is made of a metal tube with a groove in the middle, the diameter is chosen so that the template slides easily along the stick.

48) if the nail does not hold well in the wall, remove it from its socket, wrap it in newspaper several times, moisten it and insert it back, the newspaper will dry and the nail will stick well to the wall.

49) to hang shelves, use a piece of copper or aluminum tube with a longitudinal slot as a dowel, crimp it, insert it into the drilled hole and tighten the screw.

50) heavy shelves are suspended with bolts. Holes with a reserve are punched in the wall and bolts are cemented into them, leaving protrusions with threads. The shelves are secured with nuts, which, if necessary, are recessed and puttied.

A dacha truly becomes a dacha only when a house appears on it. So build country house- the primary task for any owner of a summer cottage. Of course, you can contact construction company, and your construction of a country house with your own hands will be completed in just a month or two. But you can save money and gain the most valuable experience in life if you build a summer house with your own hands. If you choose to build an inexpensive country house with your own hands, you will find our advice outlined in this article useful.

Area number of floors architecture

When starting to build a summer house, of course, you will be guided by your financial opportunities. The choice of material for construction, construction technology, area, number of floors, availability of certain engineering systems, equipment and so on. But still, first you need to decide where exactly on the site to place new house, what area and number of floors it will have.

The optimal location for a country house is when one of the walls of the house is adjacent to the road passing by. This is convenient when building a summer house - because this way you don’t have to carry building materials across the entire site. As for the area of ​​the house, it all depends on how many people it will be designed for. If the area of ​​the plot is not large, and the house should comfortably accommodate several people, then you should immediately plan a house with an attic. Its construction is even more difficult one-story house, then not by much (after all, the roof still needs to be done, it just won’t be so high and sloping), but the consumption building materials on cottage of a similar area will be much larger.

The only but important limitation when building two-story dachas or houses with attics is that such a house must have a high-quality, durable, preferably brick or reinforced concrete foundation. When marking and laying the foundation, be sure to consider in advance whether you will be adding a garage and veranda to the house. The foundation for them can be made later, but it is better to lay it right away.

Materials and technology for constructing a summer house

Your next step is to decide what construction technology you will use and, accordingly, building materials. The choice is quite large, but still it comes down to only three main options.

Basic construction technologies

• building a brick house or gas silicate block;
• frame construction;
• construction of a summer house from timber or logs.

The first option will allow you to build the most durable house possible, especially if brick is chosen. But brick building will be more expensive in cost, and the speed of its construction is inferior to the speed of construction using other technologies.

A gas silicate house is built quickly, is relatively inexpensive, and the use of reinforcement in the connecting seams between the blocks will make such a house very strong and durable. But the most important advantage of gas silicate is excellent heat and sound insulation of the house.

Frame technology for summer cottage construction

Frame technology gives the most high speed the buildings. The disadvantages of such a house are that it will cost a little more than a gas silicate house and will be the least durable. However, modern materials for frame house construction provide a sufficient level of strength and durability, especially since we are talking about the construction of a country house, and not a permanent structure.

As for the construction of the roof, then in construction on summer cottage They use the same roofing materials - slate, including elastic slate, roofing iron of various profiles, tiles, metal tiles, soft tiles. Focus only on your taste and capabilities!

Communications and household equipment for the garden

If you are building a modern country house, where it should be comfortable at any time of the year and in any weather, you need to equip it with appropriate communications. Shower and toilet outside? Then everything is simpler. But if you want to fit all household amenities under one roof, you must:

Equip a sewer system

Usually, in the conditions of dacha construction, central communications are not provided, so autonomous sewer systems will come to your rescue.

Water

If there is a running water supply and there is a steady supply of water, great. If not, the surest option is to drill your own well and install a pumping system in it. The pleasure is not the cheapest, but believe me, having autonomous water is very convenient!

There are plenty of options. The most traditional is a stove, but this is much more complicated and more expensive than purchasing a double-circuit combination boiler that runs on gas, electricity, and even coal or wood. Such a boiler is extremely practical to use and will provide heating for the house and supply it with hot water.

Electricity supply

Everything is standard here, but you need to remember that most dacha cooperatives are switching to paying for electricity by meter. So you should immediately install a certified electric meter, and use energy-saving devices within the network, if possible.

Repair of dry floors

What to do if gaps have formed and it is impossible to re-tighten the floor for some reason? In this case, you can do the following

1. Use a cone cutter attached to a drill to chamfer the floor boards. To ensure that the gap in the upper part is the same along the entire length, stop bars can be attached to the drill using clamps

2. If the cracks are wide enough, plan the planks of the appropriate shape (section) and. Having greased them with epoxy glue, hammer them into the cracks. If the cracks are narrow, strips of polyurethane foam 1.3 times thicker than the width of the crack should be sealed in them.

3. Dilute the epoxy resin by adding fine sawdust (three times more in volume than epoxy glue), heat the mixture to 30-35°C to increase its fluidity, and fill the crack with the resulting composition so that it protrudes above the floor level.

4. Use a plane to plane the protruding part of the seam to the floor level

In addition to the main purpose of sealing cracks, this ensures the bonding of boards into one mass, which significantly increases the rigidity of the floor and makes it possible to wash it without fear of water flowing under the boards. The sealed cracks can be easily painted with any floor paint.

If the gaps are very wide, it is cheaper to seal them with slats. To do this, a stop block is nailed to the side of the gap so that the cutter forms an even groove with beveled walls. This groove is coated with epoxy glue and a lath of a suitable shape and size, lubricated with glue, is also driven into it. The lath is additionally secured with thin long nails, not driven in completely. The next day, when the glue has polymerized, the nails are pulled out of the lath, and the lath is planed to the floor level. After this operation, it is advisable to paint the floor.

From raw timber

I looked through many publications on the construction of houses from timber, but in none of them did I see the nuances, without knowledge of which an individual developer cannot make a high-quality house. It would seem, what special tricks could there be? After all, building a house from timber is like playing with a children's construction set. Beam thickness the same but the essential “but” is that. that the timber is sawn from wood that already has flaws - longitudinal curvature, helical shape, uneven growth rings, curliness of the wood... This is what lays the conditions for uneven drying, especially since the logs are often not completely dried before sawing and the timber will dry at the owner’s place or in stacked or in construction.

So there you go! It is best to buy timber when the foundation and plinth have been erected and it is time to install. The brought material cannot be dried in a stack - there will be a lot of waste and great difficulties will arise when assembling the house. Therefore, it is necessary to lay the walls as quickly as possible, before the beams begin to move. The beams connected to each other and pressed down by the weight of the entire building do not have degrees of freedom and, in general, dry evenly, without formation of uneven walls.

Glassing and tools

If the factory handles on the chisel have become unusable due to intensive work, carve them out of birch to tree did not break from the blows of the mallet during operation, lubricate the upper part of the handles with a thin layer of epoxy glue and wind 2-3 cm of glass thread turn to turn. A fiberglass bandage is much more reliable than a metal one - as the upper turns of the threads break, the lower ones will hold the wood, preventing it from splitting.

Fiberglass bandages on the handles of shovels, rakes, and other garden tools, as well as on the handles of hammers and axes, significantly increase their strength and service life

Based on materials from the magazine "DOM"

1. The value of a site is determined by three main factors: location, location, location. Price and value are not identical concepts.
2. It is better to live in a bad place with good neighbors than in a good place with bad ones.
3. Build a small, reasonably sufficient house. In most cases, the construction of “palaces” leads to unfinished construction, holes in the budget and poor health.
4. Every ugly home is a missed chance to make the world a better place. It's more prestigious to live in small house“tastefully” than in a huge “transformer booth”.
5. If you really need a big house, but don’t have the money to build it, don’t waste time and money on “makeshift” buildings. Think about how to build your future home in stages. This can be the growth of the house both horizontally and vertically.
6. When choosing a project, try to avoid excessive originality. Remember that everything beautiful and reasonable has already been built before you. Your task is to choose the house design that is most suitable for the nature and type of occupation and fit it into the landscape and surroundings of your site.
7. Build your dream home! Choosing a house design solely for reasons of practicality and rationality will inevitably lead to disappointment in the future.
8. Do not engage the services of an architect who has never owned his own country house.
9. The house must have its own “personality” and belong to one of the well-known architectural styles. Remember that a bunch of geometric shapes, textures and colors most often does not belong to a new and original architectural style, but to a long-known and very widespread style called “bad taste”.
10. The layout of the house and the layout of the premises determine it appearance, and not vice versa.
11. Avoid “latest, cutting-edge and experimental” designs and technologies. New technologies are often unproven and cutting-edge designs quickly go out of style.
12. When choosing materials and technologies, check whether they are certified for individual housing construction in those countries where the state really cares about the health of fellow citizens.
13. Multiply the planned budget for building a house by 1.5-2 and get an idea of ​​the real construction costs.
14. Multiply the planned construction period of the house by 1.5 and get an idea of ​​the real construction period (if all the money for construction according to paragraph 9 is at your fingertips).
15. The only way to avoid defects and errors when building a house by a hired team of builders (company) is to constantly be personally present at the construction site or hire an independent expert to accompany the construction.
16. The most dangerous misconception is to think that your builders know everything about building houses and know how to build them.
17. The rush to build a house is beneficial only to the builders - this way they can earn more.
18. By entrusting the purchase of building materials to builders, in most cases you will overpay from 5 to 30%.
19. Avoid “old-fashioned” and invented on the fly technical solutions. Answer to any technical question on construction technologies and materials can be found in instructions and albums of technical solutions from manufacturers, in building codes and regulations, codes of practice and other construction regulatory documents.
20. Remember that domestic ones are more modern building codes and the rules are often outdated Western standards. If you read in English, look for modern international building codes on the Internet.
21. It is not the foundation that “supports” the house, but the soil on which the foundation rests. First of all, examine the properties of the soil under future houses, then select the optimal type of foundation for the given soil conditions and the type of your house.