How to build a country house correctly. Designing a house yourself: creating a house project. To obtain it, such documents are submitted to the architecture and urban planning authorities.

Many of us dream of our own country house, where we could come for the weekend and take a break from the annoying and noisy city life. And if we talk about the independent construction of such a house, then the most difficult stage will be, perhaps, the selection suitable project, fully meeting the requirements and wishes of the future owner. It is quite difficult to design a house on your own; this procedure requires certain knowledge and skills.

First you need to figure out what the country cottage should be like. There can be a lot of requirements, but they all boil down to three important points:

• polyfunctionality;
• simplicity of design;
• aesthetics.

There are a lot of ready-made projects on the Internet, both standard and individual. But when choosing one or another of them, you should not rush, first of all, it is worth deciding - is it really an individual project that is really needed?

Important! Such projects are used primarily for non-standard areas where construction typical house problematic or even impossible.

The best option (in terms of time and money) would be to buy a standard project with subsequent binding to a specific site by an experienced architect. But this is on condition that only a slight adjustment is required, and if you need to completely change the project, then it is better to immediately order an individual version.

If plannedDIY home design, it is unlikely that it will be possible to do without a qualified specialist, since when drawing up, problems may arise with numerous technical details - the number and location of lamps, sewer connections, wall thickness / height, etc. Based on this, there are only two possible (read: inexpensive) options.

1. You can go to the designers who will make a sketch of the house, but without any technical details. With such a sketch, you can easily build a small country house, but only the most primitive layout.
2. Another way to save money is to ask for help from student-projecting specialists who have already familiarized themselves with the basics of the profession.

Important! Regardless of who and how drew up the project, the construction must be entrusted to a qualified foreman who is able to "by eye" determine what exactly needs to be done to implement a particular detail.

If this is not done, then in the event of the destruction of the house, there will be no one to blame, since according to the law, the foreman cannot be responsible for the compliance of the house project with safety requirements.

If an architect was involved in designing the house, then you need to remember the basic requirements and, if possible, fulfill them.

1. It is necessary to provide the architect with a site plan, the results of geological studies, detailed description all available landscape elements (forests, country roads, water bodies, etc.) that can affect the location of the house.
2. You also need to notify the contractor about all restrictions imposed management company or legislation m. This can be, for example, a ban on construction in a water protection zone, requirements for the strength of the facade, the height of the house.
3. In most cases, communication inputs must be connected at your own expense. This also applies to gas supply, which should be handled exclusively by specialized companies.
4. Before starting work, the architect will invite the customer to fill out a so-called questionnaire, which will indicate the basic requirements for the project. All these points are mutually agreed upon in writing.
5. Sometimes the architect himself proposes to make certain adjustments. A striking example of such adjustments can be a bedroom for elderly family members, which is transferred from the second to the first floor so that you do not have to frequently move up the stairs.
6. Customers are often dismissive of documents, which is fundamentally wrong. It is necessary to carefully study and fill out the questionnaire - this will significantly reduce the time for drafting the project.
7. Creating an individual project takes a long time - on average, it takes three months. This moment is an additional incentive for self-drafting.

Important! Sometimes the customer, after reviewing finished project wishes to make adjustments or additions. Of course, this will also increase the compilation time.

DIY project

As mentioned earlier, a project of a house with a primitive layout can be drawn up with your own hands. To create a sketch of the "dream house" you need only paper and a pencil, no specific skills or an architect's diploma are needed. Below is a sequence of basic steps.

Stage 1. Geological exploration

Design should begin with geo-prospecting of the site. This will provide accurate information about the properties of the soil and the depth of groundwater (the latter is necessary when planning the foundation and basement). It is advisable to conduct exploration in the spring, when groundwater rises to the highest level.

Step 2. Determination of the scale

First, a sheet of paper is taken in a box. Let's say one meter of a plot is two cells. In this case, the scale will be 1: 100, that is, 1 mm in the project will be equal to 10 cm in life.

Stage 3. Marking the contour of the site

Next, you need to draw the outline of the site with all the adjacent buildings in order to correctly determine the location of the house. At the same stage, the number of floors is determined and whether there will be other structures in the yard. If there are already some objects on the site that will not be removed (for example, a pool), then they are applied first. So the design will be carried out taking into account the free space.

Important! You need to be prepared for repeated use of the tape measure, because everything needs to be done in accordance with the scale.

Stage 4. Beginning of planning

Let's say the house has two floors, two bedrooms, two toilets, a living room, a kitchen, and a basement.

If there are any structures nearby, then it is necessary that there be at least three meters between them and the house - this is necessary for fire safety.

Stage 5. Basement

Next, you need to start planning the basement. If the groundwater level is high enough, then the arrangement of the basement will increase total cost by about a third. Therefore, it is advisable instead to simply make an additional room, but on condition that the area of ​​the site allows it.

Stage 6. Ground floor

After determining the height and type of foundation, the issue of building materials that will be used to build a house is resolved. Next, a hall is drawn, the living room and the kitchen are joined to it, and a toilet is located in the formed "pocket".

Then you need to see what happened. Let's make a reservation right away that you shouldn't be upset with this, because this is just a rough sketch.

It turned out well enough, but there are a few things that could be tweaked.

1. The kitchen and toilet should be located next to each other - this will facilitate the layout of communications. In the first version of the project, these rooms are located far from each other.
2. Many people usually gather in the living room, so its area should be appropriate. The hall should be slightly reduced and thus the living room should be expanded.
3. You also need a staircase to the second floor, so you need to find a place for it.
4. In the first sketch, there were no auxiliary rooms, such as, for example, a boiler room.

Modification of the basement may be required. In the second version of the sketch there were some changes.

1. The dining room was swapped with the kitchen, since the exit from the living room should lead exactly to the dining room, where the family will gather.
2. The size of the bathroom has changed. It was decided to place the bathroom on the second floor, therefore free space the first was saved in favor of the boiler room.
3. A staircase appeared.
4. The living room has increased.

Stage 7. Second floor

Everything is much simpler on the second floor. The toilet is located in the same place so that there are no problems when connecting communications. The wall between the bedroom and the lounge is shifting somewhat in favor of the bedrooms.

You also need to plan out all the windows and the front door.

Stage 8. Roof

There is one simple rule to keep in mind when designing a roof: the more bends and joints, the higher the value of the house. In addition, a roof that is too complex will be unreliable and leaks will form in places of bends over time.

Step 9. Thermal insulation

In order to reduce heat loss, all non-residential premises to be placed in the northern part of the house. In addition, thermal insulation largely depends on the quality of the materials used for insulation, as well as on the location of the windows.

Important! Despite the fact that the house looks perfect on paper, once it is built it may no longer be pleasant. At the same time, according to an unfinished and "raw" sketch, it is possible to build a quite decent cottage that will last for more than a decade.

Step 10. Approvals

So, the project is almost ready, it remains to refer it to the architecture for approval. Most likely, the department will propose to modify it somewhat - you should not refuse. In addition to the project itself, the architecture must be provided with:

Important! Rhys nki must be accompanied by a real estimate for the building materials.

conclusions

Designing a house, like any other important event, should be thought out in advance, since the future may depend on it. The above project has already taken into account the possibility of an increase in the size of the family (on the second floor there are two bedrooms - one of them is for children).

Video - DIY home design

Do you want to build private house with your own hands? To do this, you will need a clear construction plan.

It is important to say that the land on which a private house will be built should be as suitable as possible for such work. Even before you start construction works, it is necessary to carefully study all the technical properties of the territory and find out whether its price is acceptable.

Know that DIY home construction has many benefits. First of all, this is a decrease in cash spending compared to if you decided to buy finished house... In addition, you yourself will control the construction and be confident that you will receive a high-quality result.

Previously, the house and the cottage had several differences between themselves. So to speak, at the time when perestroika was incipient, a house was called a cottage, which had the amenities of a city apartment, but now, as you can see, they have already stopped building houses with amenities outside, and therefore a house and a cottage now have the same meaning.

How much does it cost to build a house?

They say that to build a cottage, you need to stock up on a considerable amount of cash, in the region of 5-10 million rubles, or even starting this business is not worth it. But this is actually not the case, because there are not so many millionaires in the world. Thanks to innovative technical solutions, a phased plan for building a house will make it easy to build a house in just one season, which starts in March and ends in November. Then, in the winter, to decorate it, and in the summer to enjoy your own home.

Nevertheless, according to practice, the main obstacle to the implementation of this plan is the large cash costs that must be spent in a fairly short time.

How to draw up a construction plan?

Of course, no one wants to be engaged in construction for a long time, but we will offer an option in which phased and purposeful construction is thought out. It is necessary to prepare a plan in order to calculate the financial costs on it.

Based on considerable experience in the construction and design of low-rise private houses, you can determine for yourself a number of basic optimal principles for planning a dwelling.

House plan - stages

There is usually a porch at the entrance to the house. Of course, you can use the most ordinary ones for your cottage, and be limited to that. But, as a rule, with an individual layout of the house, it is designed especially beautifully and practically. Plus, a porch is more of a necessity than a decoration. It is clear that the porch should have a canopy.

In this case, in the summer, when it rains, you can sit there on an armchair and get some fresh air without catching a cold or getting wet.

Also, it is necessary to bring a convenient small path to the porch so that the car can stand sideways, for example, by the door to the entrance. And then even if the weather turns completely bad, you will be able to get into your car right from home.

The entrance also includes an entrance hall and a dressing room, as well as a vestibule. And after the door there is a vestibule - this can often be seen in a village house. In more modern language, this is the so-called transitional room (i.e. vestibule).

It is made in order not to open the door from the street directly into the room, or into the house, so that the cold does not penetrate there in winter, but in the summer heat. This is a kind of buffer.

The correct house plan also provides for his presence. In addition, this room may have some functionality. For example, it can become a place for storing sports equipment: skis, sledges, bicycles. But you shouldn't force him too much. After him there should be a hallway. Everything in it is as usual: a hanger, a wardrobe, a mirror.

Basically, in the plan of the house there are 2 levels for living quarters: the 1st floor and the 2nd floor, there may also be an attic and a basement.

Ladders. As a rule, stairs lead from the hallway to the floors located on the upper levels. There are living quarters for each family member and some functional rooms.

The cottage provides for a rational layout and the allocation of common and personal family areas.
Highest match sanitary requirements can be provided with the allocation of at least 28 m² for one family member, but in order to create psychological comfort, it takes from 40 to 50 m².

House layout - surface zoning of premises

How many living quarters there will be, you can calculate using the formula: n +1. Here n is the number of residents, 1 is the number of common rooms.

On the 1st floor, we mainly spend time during the day. It should fit as many functional premises as possible.

Must be:

• guest room (living room);
• dining room (according to the house construction plan);
• spacious kitchen adjacent to the dining room;
• guest bedroom;
• winter Garden;
• and it is also important to have a comfortable room for a bathroom

The entrance to the dining room, as well as to the living room, is best done directly from the hallway so that smells do not pass into the rest of the house. It is better to make the rooms intended for cooking and eating separately.

On the second floor, as a rule, people rest - it is quiet there, there may be bedrooms, a second bathroom, access to balconies or a terrace.

Everyone in the family should have their own bedroom, and also for the children, because they grow up quickly and also want to have their own room. If there are more bedrooms, then you can invite your guests to relax with an overnight stay, sometimes many come from another city and this is very convenient, but if this is your Vacation home, there you can always invite a group of friends.

Auxiliary premises... The study, the library have already become familiar to many homes. In such rooms you can always feel calm and concentrate. And of course, it is better that such rooms are located on the second floor, because it's much quieter there.

Be that as it may, all these are, of course, very conditional parameters. You should build your own home in which all your requirements and needs will be learned. And do not forget that the price is not always a reflection of the quality of the house, it all depends on you personally - you can build a great country house without overpaying. But the underestimated cost of construction will not justify your hopes - here you need a certain measure and a clear calculation. You pay once, but you will need to live in this house all the time, so do not worry too much about the money spent.

At the same time, family members can do their own thing in the house. One is asleep, the other is doing his homework, the third is watching TV. At the same time, household members should not interfere with each other.

Everyone living in the house needs to allocate their own corner, and not necessarily a separate room. This can be a place for hobbies - your desk, wardrobe or shelving.

In a house with the correct layout, guests from the hallway easily get into the living room and do not wander in search of a toilet.

Layout of a house, cottage

Fig. 1. An example of the layout of a one-story private house. Premises day zone: 1 - vestibule, entrance hall, 6 - living room, dining room, 3 - toilet, 14 - veranda. Rooms for night rest: 5,7,10 - bedrooms, 2 - dressing rooms, 8 - extended bathrooms. Economic zone: 11 - kitchen, 12 - pantry, 13 - garage, 4 - laundry, boiler room, workshop.

In order for a built house to become the embodiment of comfort, coziness and economy, knowledge is needed standard layout rules:

1. The interior space of the house is conventionally divided into zones, Fig. 1: residential and economic.

The living area, in turn, is divided into daytime and evening.

The day area of ​​the premises consists of a vestibule, an entrance hall, a hall, a living room, a dining room, a veranda, and a toilet.

Rooms for night rest are bedrooms, dressing rooms, extended bathrooms.

The utility area includes a kitchen, pantry, garage, laundry, boiler room, workshop.

When arranging rooms, you should also pay attention to the position of the sun at certain hours, the view from the window.

2. Building a house with a minimum number of hallways and corridors reduces the cost of living space.

The number and area of ​​corridors can be reduced by combining the functions of rooms: design some rooms as walk-throughs or arrange a corner for work in the living room or bedroom.

The most advantageous option is considered to be a layout in which the kitchen, being a utility room, is adjacent to the living area of ​​the dining room and common room.

In the house of a small area of ​​the premises of the day zone: a kitchen, a dining room, a living room and even a hallway or a hall, it is advantageous to place it in one volume - a common open space, not divided by partitions, Fig. 1.

3. It is desirable that couples and other adult family members have their own separate rooms in the house.

The largest room - the living room will be common room where everyone can gather for relaxation.

It is convenient to have one more room in the house - a guest bedroom (study).

4. If it is planned to settle several generations in the house (for example, elderly parents - adult children - small grandchildren), then it is necessary to make the territory of each family as "autonomous" as possible (at least its own bathroom and bedroom, and as a maximum - a separate entrance ).

Moreover, the premises for elderly parents should be located on the ground floor (pos. 5 and 3 in Fig. 1).

5. It is better to make two front doors in the house., one from the side of the entrance to the site, the second from the terrace, or from the opposite side of the house, for household needs. Also, the number and location of entrances is affected by the composition of the family (from paragraph 4 of this article).
If the front door is placed on the side facade, then it is often possible to get by with one door to enter the house, both from the side of the street and from the side of the plot.

6. Staircase (if any) should be lit with natural light(for security reasons). Therefore, in principle, it does not matter where to orient it, but the windows illuminating the staircase space must be required.

When placing a staircase, it is important to understand whether you want it to be an active element of the interior or not. If you want, then it is better to place it in the dining room, living room. If not, then in the hallway, corridor (item 12 in Fig. 1).

7. The project can provide for the possibility of expanding the area of ​​the house as the family grows, the children grow up. An increase in size is possible due to an extension to the house or arrangement of an attic.

Anyway the expansion option should be foreseen in advance.

For example, the house layout project in Fig. 1 provides for the possibility of arranging an attic. For this, a place has been reserved for the stairs, which is still used as a storage room, pos. 12, a large angle of inclination of the roof is chosen, and in the roof structure there are places for inserting windows, etc.

It is irrational to build a large house at once without the need.

8. The fireplace is usually located in the "common" rooms(dining room, living room). Whether a fireplace is needed in the house and where, it is necessary to determine before choosing a project.

The device of a fireplace in an already built house will require the installation of a chimney and a chimney, which is not always possible to do (the pipe, for example, will need to be carried along the facade of the house, etc.).

9. The house is simple rectangular with a minimum number of corners without ledges, bay windows, balconies Such a house has less heat loss through external fences. The shape of the house in the form of a rectangle with an aspect ratio of no more than 1: 1.5, with the orientation of the long side to the south, will allow more full use of the solar heat.

10. Simple form roofs make construction cheaper.

11. The correct orientation of the house to the sun and wind reduces the cost of heating and air conditioning. Living rooms in the house are oriented mainly to the south in order to maximize the use of the thermal energy of the sun. It is better to locate utility rooms on the north side.

12. Designing simple, short utility lines at home significantly reduces costs and increases reliability. For the convenience of carrying out communications, bathrooms in two-story house should be placed one above the other, and on the first floor of the bathroom, boiler room - closer to the kitchen.

13 For an economy class house give preference to a built-in garage in front of a separately standing one: it is easier to heat it and you can place part of engineering systems at home, saving floor space. In addition, you will be able to get into the garage right from home, without going outside.

14. Give up the basement: the cost of construction and high-quality waterproofing of the basement is 1.5-2 times higher than the cost of building a floor. Instead, plan a spacious pantry on the ground floor of the house, placing it on the north side.

Move some of the auxiliary rooms to

15. Considering the project, pay attention to the planning and Constructive decisions, providing soundproofing of the premises of the night zone.

Remember that extraneous sounds penetrate these rooms through all enclosing structures: walls, ceilings, doors, windows, as well as ventilation and other openings.

In general, the more massive and thicker the walls, ceilings, doors and windows, the quieter the bedroom will be.

For good sound insulation between the rooms of the living area and the bedroom, there must be two lines of doors and at least a small corridor (item 9 in Fig. 1).

If the bedrooms are located on the upper floor, then on reinforced concrete floor - a prerequisite for good sound insulation night rest areas.

16. Build an energy efficient home.

When choosing a project, check the main parameters of the building, indicating the Estimate the average annual amount of energy required for heating, water heating, ventilation and air conditioning. In the plans The Russian government in the coming years to equalize domestic gas prices with European ones.

17. Equip the heating system with thermostats which will allow program the desired temperature in each room separately. Reducing the room temperature by 1 ° C saves 5% of heating energy.

Application for home heating, and in the ventilation system of premises and - all this also allows you to save heat.

18. The front door to the house from the street must be separated from the premises of the house thermal sluice - vestibule... Due to the sequential opening of two doors in the vestibule, cold air from the street does not penetrate into the house. As a thermal sluice, it is allowed to arrange a closed and insulated veranda or a vestibule - a hallway at the entrance to the house.

19. The balcony of the house must have an independent support in the form of pillars or rest on the enclosing structures of the first floor. The base of the balcony should not be a continuation of the floor, which means - "cut through" the wall, forming a bridge of cold.

20. Remember the larger the glazing area, the more costs will be for heating and air conditioning. The ratio of the area of ​​the glazed surface of the window to the area of ​​the floor must be at least 1/8.

21. Large-sized deciduous trees can provide shade to the home during the hot summer months and reduce energy consumption for air conditioning up to 50%.

During the winter, when deciduous trees lose their crown, sunlight unhindered reaches the surface of the walls and heats them, providing the home with additional heat energy and helping to reduce heating costs.

Conifers help keep the cold winter winds out of your home and keep it cool.

22. Build an environmentally friendly home.

Choose environmentally friendly building materials. More than 50% of all building materials on the domestic market cannot be called safe for health. Many of them are unable to pass even the simplest environmental impact assessment.

Do not buy into the "fairy tales" of sellers, the prefix "eco" in the name, study the labeling - check in regulatory documents(GOST, TU), is there any phenol, formaldehyde or other harmful substances in the material.

For about 30 years in the world there is such a thing as sick buildings syndrome. The reason for this is the poor air quality in the dwellings. According to environmentalists, indoor air is 4-6 times dirtier and 8-10 times more toxic than outdoor air.

Features of the layout of a two- or three-story private house

Fig. 2. Ground floor plan two-story house: 3 - bathroom with shower 3.9 m 2; 4 - study (guest bedroom) 11.8 m 2; 7 - pantry 2.7 m 2; 8 - boiler room 6.6 m 2; 10 - terrace 43.6 m 2;
Fig. 3. Second floor plan two-storey house: 13 - dressing room 3.5 m 2; 14 - bathroom with bath 5.9 m 2; 18 - bathroom with a bath-sauna cabin 8.5 m 2; 19 - laundry room 4.6 m 2;

V two- three-story houses, it is convenient to make a staircase as a natural boundary between the day and evening zones, pos. 11 in Fig. 3. The premises of the day zone, as a rule, are located on the ground floor, Fig. 2. Bedrooms, dressing rooms, night zone bathrooms are placed on the upper floors of the house, Fig. 3.

True, such a division of premises by floors is not always convenient and possible. Often, on the first floor, you have to make another bedroom, position 4 in Fig. 2. The lower floor usually has a bedroom for elderly parents or guests.

V multi-storey building as in a large ventilation channel, there is a natural draft, under the action of which air from the first floor rushes up the staircase lumen to the upper floors and the attic.

The layout option with an entrance door to the floor provides the most efficient operation and a simple device for natural ventilation of the attic and upper floors of the house.

Bathrooms in the house

In a multi-storey building bathrooms should be on each floor.

On the ground floor, the bathroom is located so that it is convenient for guests to use it. It is better if the entrance to the guest bathroom is not visible from the living room.

If a bedroom is made in the house on the ground floor, then the bathroom should be located next to it, so that from the bedroom to the bathroom it is not required to walk past the guests through the living room. Guests can also use this bathroom.

In the large bathroom in the bedroom area, item 18 in Fig. 3, it is convenient to place equipment for SPA procedures - for example, a bathroom with hydromassage or a steam bath-sauna booth.

Service premises

The boiler room is usually provided on the first floor of the house. Often a room is allocated to place the boiler in a garage attached to the house. A solid fuel boiler room must be entered from the outside, from the side of the fuel warehouse.

It is natural to place the pantry for products near the kitchen.

It is convenient to have two dressing rooms in the house - at the entrance to the house and in the bedroom area.

Near the dressing room in the bedroom area, where linen and daily clothes are stored, it is convenient to have a washing machine, dryer and ironing board, pos. 19 in Fig. 3.

Do not place laundry in a garage. The constant need to carry underwear far away, and even up the stairs, will not please the mistress of the house.

Windows in the house

Large floor-to-ceiling windows provide contact with the outside space, make the border between the house and the garden almost invisible, and the room visually becomes more spacious. Low furniture does not block the view from the window and visually increases the height of the room.

Large glazing area in the room increases the cost of building and operating a house:

• The cost of building a glazed block is higher than the cost of building a wall of the same area.
• Heating costs in winter and air conditioning in summer are increasing.

But many owners decide to sacrifice economic benefits for the gamut of feelings that they experience in a cozy living room flooded with light with a wonderful view of the garden through large floor-to-ceiling windows.

Often large windows and glass doors for access to the garden, terrace or balcony are arranged not only from the living room, but also from the bedrooms and the kitchen.

Listen to your feelings and to the opinion of the household, where they would like to have such windows. When choosing, consider also the climate and the view from the window.

Thanks to the window, the corridor looks wider and not so boring.

If, when entering a house, room or corridor, the gaze rests on the window on the opposite wall, and behind it you can see the garden, then the rooms seem more spacious and make a good impression.

From the outside to the windows of a private house it is recommended to install roller shutters. Closed roller shutters not only protect windows from burglary, but in severe frosts they reduce heat loss through the windows, and in summer heat they reduce overheating of the house by the sun's rays. It is better to foresee the installation of roller shutters on the windows in advance, at the design stage of the house.

Watch a video lesson on planning a one-story house with an attic:

What rooms in the house can be walk-through

To make the house seem spacious, the architects recommend combining the premises of the day zone - making them walk-throughs.

In spacious rooms it is easier to breathe, they give a feeling of freedom.

Many have a prejudice against walk-through rooms. Indeed, in small apartments with a high population density, a walk-through room is a big minus in the layout. It is quite another matter in private houses, where the number and area of ​​premises per resident, as a rule, is much larger.

Connecting and uniting rooms, arranging a suite or alcove reduce the area of ​​corridors and halls, provide greater convenience and comfort in the house, and also allows you to create a unique interior in these rooms.

Connecting kitchen, dining room and living room

The most popular option for combining premises in an economy class house is to combine the kitchen, dining room and living room ( Fig. 2 pos. 5 and 6). Such a layout, as already mentioned above, creates a spacious day zone in the house, and also makes it possible for communication between people who are in the premises of this zone.

Cooking processes in modern kitchens are fast enough. The release and spread of unpleasant odors and other harmful substances is minimal. For this reason, there is no particular need to separate the kitchen from other rooms.

Food in the kitchen is usually prepared by the hostess or the owner of the house. It is not humane to deprive them of contact with other household members during cooking.

Convenient when the dining room is located between the kitchen and the living room. A table and meals are served from the kitchen. Households and guests move from the living room to the dining room. This arrangement of the premises of the daytime zone corresponds to the natural course of events. Life in the dining room continues even after the end of the meal. See layout in fig. 1 and 2 above in the article.

It should be noted that an open kitchen requires increased attention to maintaining cleanliness and order there.

Combining dining room, living room and study - library

In a large house, where important guests are often received, and the food is prepared by the cook - the cook, the dining room, living room and study or library are combined. The premises are connected by a suite - when the transitions between rooms are on the same axis, as in old palaces and estates. The living room is located in the center of this suite.

The combination of these rooms creates a presentable, formal area in the house, in which there is where to dine, relax in the living room by the fireplace, or retire and negotiate in the office.

From the bedroom to the dressing room and further to the bathroom

In the bedroom of a married couple, they often arrange a private area of ​​a dressing room and a bathroom, as, for example, in Fig. 3 above, positions 13, 14 and 15.

It can be convenient to make a walk-through dressing room. This layout is good in that the number of doors in the bedroom is reduced, as well as the noise of water from the bathroom is weaker.

They usually do not spend much time in the dressing room, therefore, the owners of the bedroom will not experience any inconvenience from the walk-through dressing room.

We go from one utility room to another

It is convenient to have utility rooms in one place in the house. It is more profitable, for example, to go to the boiler room through the laundry, and to the laundry through the dressing room, than to arrange a common corridor and separate doors to each room.

What material is better to build a house from?

Articles on this topic:

More and more people are choosing to live in own home- in the suburbs, away from the bustle of the city. And although this choice is justified by the presence of undeniable advantages - relaxing in your own garden, playing with children in the fresh air, barbecuing with friends and other joys of private home ownership, initially you have to go through the pleasant, but still significant, chores associated with building a house. Therefore, it is not surprising that the decision to start building a private dwelling is an important milestone in the life of any family.

It is completely unfounded, thinking where to start building a house, for the zero cycle, many take the preparation of the construction site and laying the foundation. In practice, this is just the "tip of the iceberg", because a large amount of work will have to be done before starting construction. preparatory work, on which the success of the entire enterprise largely depends. Besides receiving required permissions, it is required to work through each stage of construction, which will help to avoid future problems, for example, with uncomfortable stairs and a swampy vegetable garden.

A long way from solution to implementation

Preparatory stage of construction

At this stage, several important issues will have to be resolved: choose a site for construction, determine its budget, select a project, obtain a building permit and select a contractor. All questions are of equal importance, each will have to be given enough attention.

Buying a plot

When choosing and buying land for new house pay attention to both legal and practical nuances. The procedure is accompanied by the execution of many documents, so it is advisable to involve a trusted intermediary - a realtor or a lawyer.

It is impossible to decide how to build a house correctly without a detailed inspection of the site on which the work will be carried out, and ideally everything starts with finding land for construction. Since the comfort of future life directly depends on the location of the site, when choosing the latter, they are guided by several criteria:

• Features of the site. Not only the area is taken into account, but also the relief. A site on a slope will require additional financial investments for planning and earthworks, construction of retaining walls.

A complex area dictates the rules for the location of the house

• Owner's (seller's) documents. It is necessary to make sure that they are authentic and that they are filled in correctly (in the given dimensions).
• Location. The proximity to civilization, the quality of access roads, the presence of public transport stops, the ecological situation (hazardous industries located nearby) are taken into account. It is important to find out if there is a swamp, sewage treatment plant or landfill nearby.
• Infrastructure. The availability of utilities is assessed (detailed information is best obtained from the management company).
• Additional possible expenses. Perhaps there are dilapidated capital buildings on the site that are subject to demolition, or groundwater runs high, which means that an effective drainage system will have to be built.

This and other useful information can be obtained from owners of neighboring land plots, as well as in the administration of the village.

Experienced people who know how to build a private house correctly, experts advise making a request to the relevant institutions about the possibility of connecting to existing engineering networks. Otherwise, an unexpected ban will become a serious problem.

Geodetic surveys provide a comprehensive assessment of the conditions of the territory for further construction

When the place for the construction of the house is finally selected, activities are carried out to facilitate the work:

• Geological and geodetic surveys, topographic survey of the area are carried out. The result will be information about the composition of the soil and the depth of occurrence. groundwater, which will help to adapt the foundation of a typical project for specific conditions. If there is construction on the ground, it will have to be tied to the existing foundation and, possibly, strengthened.
• After the purchase, the plot is fenced off.
• In order not to pollute most of the land with construction waste, it is necessary to determine a place for storing waste, mixing concrete, incinerating waste, as well as access for construction equipment.

Video description

How to minimize losses when building a house on video:

On our site you can find contacts of construction companies that offer. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the Low-Rise Country exhibition of houses.

What to build a house from

Choosing the right material is a topic for a separate detailed discussion. Any material, whether brick, wood, sandwich panels, foam or aerated concrete, has a set of individual properties. These qualities can manifest themselves both positively and negatively, depending on the context of use.

When choosing a material, local conditions (climate, topography) and economic arguments are decisive factors. The latter often conflict with the desire to make the home comfortable, reliable and environmentally friendly. It must be remembered that any house needs thoughtful insulation, a reliable roof and modern engineering support.

In general, block (from aerated concrete) and frame houses(including SIP panels). The least time (1-2 days) will be spent on installing a modular house, but this is not the most budgetary option.

Construction costs

Such an understandable desire to save money does not justify itself when building a house, since most often it leads to an increase in costs in the future. Phased construction of a house involves a detailed preliminary calculation of the estimate; it is better to draw up it together with the foreman.

After the walls and roof have been erected, the costs of building engineering may seem unreasonably high, but it is not recommended to reduce them without good reason.

Construction costs can be reduced by choosing a ready-made project

Preparation of the project and its binding to the area

In many ways typical project is the most profitable option(when compared with self-construction and an individual project). It allows you to immediately start construction, without delaying design work.

The best option would be to buy from a firm or a construction company with solid recommendations and guarantees. The version downloaded from the Internet can end up being more expensive. When choosing a project, the owners start from the conditions and way of their life, defining the important parameters of the future home:

• Do I need a second floor. The cost of foundation and roofing work for a two-story house is less, moreover, you can increase the area for a flower garden or gazebo.
• Roof shape.
• The number of rooms and their area (depends on how many permanent residents and how often guests are planned to be received).
• The height of the premises (for residential floors - from 3 m).

Roof shape and room sizes are determined when choosing a project

• The size of the living room, kitchen, utility rooms.
• Number of bathrooms.
• Additional premises: sauna, dressing rooms, garage.
• Interior decoration (a design project is being prepared).
• Additional amenities (washbasin in the garage).

After agreeing on all the details, the project is tied to the terrain. During this stage, the optimal position of the building on the site is selected.

Video description

The step-by-step process of building a house in the video:

Building permit

Before starting construction work, it is necessary to agree on them, having received permission. To build a house from scratch, you need to start with the preparation of documents, the list of which has some differences in different regions. The list can be clarified in the administration.

Next, an act of inspection of the site is drawn up and building passport object. In the sanitary-epidemiological and fire inspectorate, the development plan is agreed, and in the fire department, in addition, the electrical and gas schemes. After examining the agreed plan, the architecture committee draws up a building passport.

Family-friendly design

The need for landscape design

The purpose of landscape planning is to transform the site into a territory that best suits the needs of the family. The arrangement, carried out by specialists, will allow solving several problems:

• Choose a place for your home, utility rooms, recreation area, garden and vegetable garden. This takes into account the illumination, soil composition, the shape of the site and the occurrence of groundwater.
• Determine a place for laying engineering communications; if necessary, a place for a septic tank is designed.
• Beat difficult terrain and possibly change it.
• Provide for soil drainage.
• Choose the style of the site and create a unique design.
• Find useful and ornamental plants suitable for growing in these conditions.

Purchase of materials

The composition and the required amount of materials are specified in the estimate. When choosing, construction and Decoration Materials with a manufacturer's certificate (quality guarantee). This will help avoid future disappointments in roofing or outdoor decoration, which begins to rapidly lose sight after 2-3 seasons.

Even a brick can be damaged by improper storage.

Usually, most of the materials are procured for future use. Construction is often delayed or temporarily suspended, for example, for the winter period. If stored improperly, the quality of materials can decrease, sometimes significantly (this applies not only wooden structures, but also bricks, building blocks, dry mixes).

Video description

How to build a house and avoid common mistakes in video

How to choose a contractor

Many site owners prefer to rely on the recommendations of good friends and acquaintances who have personally encountered construction. This strategy can be expanded and strengthened with additional actions:

• Exploring options. Conscientious construction firms willingly provide their qualification certificates, recommendations and portfolio of completed works.
• Conclusion of a contract. It prescribes a list of works, terms of their implementation, payment and additional conditions at the request of the developer (a fine in case of non-fulfillment of the conditions, cleaning the territory from construction waste).
• Materials. Their quality must be monitored, for which it is better to involve an independent technical supervision or at least check that the purchased materials comply with SNiPs.
• The work of the technical supervision service. Service specialists can monitor the implementation building codes, which will help reduce costs. In addition, the technical supervision can additionally check the contract, the estimate and the company itself even before the start of construction.

Laying a solid foundation takes time

Building a house

Knowing where to start building a house on the site, you can think over the next stages of building a private house and not worry about the deadline. Before starting work, it is necessary to provide access roads, water and electricity supply to the construction site. At this stage, the axes of the building have already been brought to the site in accordance with fire and sanitary standards. The construction of a private house goes through several stages.

Earthworks, foundation

The place for the entrance of the water supply and the outlet of the sewage system is planned, trenches are dug for them, pipes are laid and insulated. The foundation is being laid. To do this, a pit is dug, a crushed stone pillow is laid on the bottom, and a formwork is installed. After the installation of the reinforcement, concrete is poured.

It will take 20 to 30 days for the concrete to gain strength. This time can be devoted to the construction of a septic tank or a well. Then the foundation walls are erected.

Frame installation work

At this stage, the walls are built and the floors are mounted, then the rafters are built and the roof is laid. Last but not least, the windows are inserted and the garage doors and the front door are installed.

Facade finishing and primary interior works

This includes external wall decoration, installation of a balcony and stairs (if provided by the project). Next, they carry out the internal insulation of the floor and walls, the primary decoration of the walls, the floors are mounted, the ceiling is sheathed. At the same time, engineering networks are being laid (sewerage, water supply and electrical wiring).

After that, the building can be insured as an object of construction in progress. Before finishing the walls, an air conditioning system and underfloor heating are installed.

Laying floors in a private house

Conclusion - final arrangement

The stage includes the completion of interior decoration, installation of the kitchen and plumbing fixtures, and putting the territory in order. After the completion of the work, the owner and the contractor sign a work acceptance certificate indicating the guarantee for the work performed. Further, the building must be registered with GASN (State Architectural and Construction Supervision) and in the State Register.

Erection own home- an exciting period in the life of a family. The path from approval architectural plan before the housewarming will be remembered for many years. These will definitely be pleasant memories if you choose correctly construction company, whose specialists will help with the correct choice of the site and the project, plus, they will draw up a well-thought-out construction plan.

Buying a land plot is the first and most decisive step towards building your own home. But just the desire to build a house is not enough, you need to stock up on time, energy and finances to make your dream come true. You will have to familiarize yourself with many documents, building codes and regulations, collect required documents and be prepared for significant spending.

It is worth considering that land plot, which is assumed for the construction of a future house, not everyone is suitable.
Therefore, before purchasing it, all the territorial and technical characteristics must be very carefully studied, and only after that you can draw up a plan for the construction of a private house.

Then it is worth deciding who will build the house - the developer or the construction of the house will be done on their own. If a company that provides services for the construction of houses will be engaged in the construction of a house, it is necessary to conclude an agreement with it, in which all the conditions and details of the plan for the construction of a private house will be spelled out. If, nevertheless, the construction of the future house is independent, then one of the obvious advantages will be, undoubtedly, savings financial costs and confidence in the quality of performance.

Before starting construction, you need to collect all Required documents... First of all, you need to obtain a building permit.

To obtain it, such documents are submitted to the architecture and urban planning authorities.

• documentary evidence of the right to own the land (for example, notarized sales and purchase agreements);
  private house construction plan;
  drawings of the rest of the buildings that are located on the site;
  building construction project;
• decision on the allocation of land for construction.
  In addition, a document from the local administration is needed, confirming that this site is not under arrest.

The validity of the obtained building permit is up to three years, and it takes approximately 20 days to obtain it. Having received permission, you can proceed with the plan for the construction of a private house, with the preparation and approval project documentation future home and plan a plan for the construction of a private house.

After that, the plot is measured and divided into future buildings, which is carried out by the city planning and architecture authorities with the participation of the developer.

Now you can start designing, drawings and estimates. Usually, the data indicated in the estimate are below the practical value, because during construction there can always be unforeseen expenses. That is why it is important to draw up an estimate together with an experienced architect who will objectively calculate the future costs of building a house.

After all communications have been installed, the foundation is laid. If the future building will consist of a bar, then an expensive option is not necessary to consider, light frame structures are not suitable for very deep types of foundations. At the end of the preparatory work, you can already see the outlines of the future building.

When the foundation is ready, the turn of the most important, albeit the most short-term work begins - the construction of the future building is being installed. If you are planning a prefabricated house that is manufactured at a factory, then the assembly process will take only 3 to 7 days, because the assembly of modules resembles the compilation of parts from a designer.

Most of the budget is occupied by Finishing work... Interior design does not apply to low-cost construction items, but if the walls consist of timber, then it is quite possible to save money on finishing, because a smooth timber looks quite aesthetically pleasing.