How to find out how much the concrete is on the foundation. Calculation of concrete for foundation. Calculation of concrete on slab foundation

In civil I. industrial construction Concrete still has no alternative. In a liquid state, it binds the elements of the design, after which it freezes, turning into an artificial stone. To get a mixture the desired brand With sufficient homogeneity, mobility and guaranteed final strength, it is necessary to accurately determine how much cement is needed on a cubic meter of concrete.

The base (filler) is crushed stone or gravel, and the binder is a cement-sand mixture with water adding. Usually, the cement brand is 1-2 units exceeds the concrete brand, which is a normalized value and expresses compressive strength in kgf / cm2. Each view has its own purpose:

1. M100 - for preparatory work Before filling the foundation, repair of roads, concrete cushion for the curb;

2. M200 - With it, it is made by pile and ribbon foundation, poured the screed, concrete stairs and garden tracks;

3. M300 - Make it monolithic foundation, walls, slabs of floors, stair marches (the most popular brand);

4. M350 - the main brand for the manufacture of concrete, airfield strips;

5. M400 - for bridge supports, rheglels, columns and other designs to which special requirements are presented;

6. M500 - for bridge structures, reinforced concrete products, overlap in the subway, dam.

To prepare a construction mixture of the desired strength, it is necessary to withstand the proportions between cement and water. The water-cement ratio of the WC (the amount of water in liters, divided by the weight of cement in kilograms) must provide regulatory time Throat. The value of the FC varies widely - from 0.4 to 0.85. The dependence of this indicator from the brand of concrete and cement at different deadlines shows the table. It indicates how much the share of water is in relation to cement, if the filler is gravel.

The waterproof ratio is adjusted depending on the type of filler. If instead of severe gravel take a lighter crushed stone, 0.05 is added to the indicators of the MC.

The percentage of water, on the one hand, is due to the size of the filler fraction, and on the other - plasticity (mobility) of concrete. If the foundation is filled or manufactured monolithic walls, It is necessary to prepare a small or medium-glistening solution. For a tight concrete, pouring columns, narrow cavities and formworks need to use a very plastic concrete. It is usually placed by concrete pump. How many liters of water will be required to the cubic meter, indicated in the table.

Calculation of the composition of the solution

To obtain the necessary brand and mobility, you need to purchase the cement of the appropriate brand and correctly calculate the proportions. To pour the foundation, to build other concrete structures in low-rise constructionPrepare a mixture of cement, sand, rubble in a 1: 4: 4 ratio. That is, one kilogram of cement is taken by four kg of rubble and sand. Determine the cement consumption per 1 cube concrete, as well as other components, allows the following technique.

1. Based on the brands, the duration of the hardening is chosen by the optimal value of the MC. For example, you need to prepare a mixture of M300 brand from the cement M400 based on rubble, and the time of frozen is 28 days. According to the table, one kilogram of cement is needed 0.5 liters of water. Since gravel is replaced with rubble, it will take 0.5 + 0.05 \u003d 0.55 liters of fluid.

2. How much water is needed per cube concrete, are determined according to the table. For a solution of medium mobility with a rubble fraction of 20 mm, 205 liters of water are required.

3. To determine the weight number of cement in the cubic meter of concrete, the weight of the water is divided into the WC: 205 / 0.55 \u003d 372 kg.

4. It remains to find out how much sand and rubble should be taken, so that the mixture meets the specified conditions. From the ratio of 1: 4: 4, the formula for calculating the weight of sand and gravel (it is the same). These components should be 4 times more than cement, that is, 372 x 4 \u003d 1488 kg.

How many components need to prepare a cubic meter of concrete, can be found out from the table. The data is calculated based on the popular proportion of 1: 4: 4.

Main recommendations
In order not to weigh the components, you can use a measuring container - for example, a bucket. By composing a mixture, you should know: in the 10-liter bucket included 15-17 kg of loose cement, 14-15 kg of sand, 15-17 kg of rubble. It is important to withstand the requirements imposed on the ingredients of the solution.

1. Cement. It is impossible to use a lumpy or removed material, it should be bulk and dry. It can accumulate moisture even with short-term storage. To avoid this, procurement is carried out no earlier than 2 weeks before use.

2. Sand. Optimal size fractions - 1.5-5 mm, permissible limits of the deviation of particle sizes - up to 2 mm. The presence of impurities, dirt, garbage is eliminated. River sand is usually used - it is more uniform than career, and does not contain clay.

3. Filler. Gravel or crushed stone must have dimensions of 8-35 mm. It is not recommended to use materials with dust, clay inclusions, garbage. If the concrete is made with their own hands, it is better to choose a mixture of large and medium crushed stone: due to this, they reach the dense adjacent of the elements to each other and do not allow emptiness in concrete.

4. Water. One factor is important when it is elected: it should be drinking. This automatically eliminates water from elevated acids and alkalis, mechanical impurities.

It is better to knead the solution with a concrete mixer to avoid lumps. In the manufacture of at home, the remaining components are gradually added to the water. It should not waste the cement to lose viscosity.

You can consider the most popular and popular material in modern construction. His strength characteristics will depend on the quality and ratio of the ingredients used. The proportions and composition are determined by the destination area. Most often concrete is used to arrange foundations. From how correctly it will be possible to determine the required amount building materialswill depend on the pace of construction. And if the counting of the desired bricks, as a rule, does not cause difficulties, then the determination of the cement consumption, which goes to 1 cubic solution, can create some difficulties.

What affects the volume of cement when making a solution cube?

Selecting the composition of the mixture, it is necessary to remember that with increasing the need for the use of binder will be reduced. In some cases, in order to maintain the structure of the mixture after grapping, a stone dust is added to it. In order to determine the question of how much cement in 1 cube solution, it must be remembered that the consumption of the mentioned ingredient depends on the type of mixture. Depending on the purpose, clay, sandy or lime solutions can be used. For each of these compositions, its ratio of aggregate and binder is used. Thus, in order to obtain a solution from cement and sand, the components mentioned are taken in proportion 1: 3 or 1: 4. To obtain a lime solution, cement must be introduced in a ratio of 1 to 3 with respect to the lime component. When the clay is used, the volume of cement on 1 cubic meter is changed, and the proportion of 1: 9 should be used.

Consumption of cement depending on the grade of the solution

The mixture brand defines the strength of the composition after frozen. This indicator is selected depending on which constructive element of the construction will be used. For example, for carriers And the foundation as a determining value is the strength of masonry. For this reason, it is recommended to use as much solutions as possible. If you wondered how much cement in 1 cube solution, then it is necessary to remember that the use of a mixture with a less impressive volume of cement is permissible for the inner walls. For plastering, it is also possible to use solutions with a lower content of the cement component.

Dependence of the grade of the mortar from the volume of cement

If you have a question about how much cement in 1 cube solution, then it must be remembered that the grade of the solution depends on the volume of cement used. Thus, to obtain a solution of grade M10 cement for said volume should be added in the amount of 81 kilograms. M25 will turn out if you add 133 kilograms of the binder. For M50, it is necessary to prepare 178 kg, whereas for M75 - 245 kilograms. If you have a question about how much cement in 1 cube of the M100 brand solution, it is worth noting that it is necessary to use these ingredients in a volume equal to 306 kilograms. For the highest and M200, it is necessary to add cement in the amount of 414 and 510 kilograms, respectively. After you have known how much the cement is needed on 1 cubic solution, you can start purchasing components for the work.

How many cement add to 1 cubic solution?

The master will be quite simple to determine how much cement is on 1 cubic solution. To do this, you must take the basis of a certain ratio of aggregate and binder, as well as Last digit equal to 1300 kilograms on a cubic meter. If the proportion of cement and aggregate 1 to 4 is used, then the composition will be 20% of the binder. Taking into account the density, the consumption of this ingredient on the cubic meter will be: 1300/5 \u003d 260 kilograms. When you visit the store you have to purchase 6 bags, as you need 5 bags with a little. Calculate the number of binder, so you can always independently.

Instructions for cooking

After you have known how much the cement is needed for 1 cube of the solution, you can move to theoretical question, namely, familiarization with the cooking technology. The solution should be kneaded using a concrete mixer, in a metal bath or in a wooden box, depending on what equipment you have in stock. To begin with, dry components will be mixed, among which gravel, sand and cement. After all the components are well mixed, you can start adding water. It is not worth stopping mixing. The fill of concrete must be completed within 2 hours after the preparation of the composition. As soon as the basis is flooded, it is necessary to take care of the elimination of extra air bubbles using the deep vibrator.

After you have decided how much cement is needed for 1 cube of the solution, you can begin to prepare the necessary inventory and materials. Pouring should be carried out in the warm season. However, if there is a need to conduct manipulations at minus temperatures, you can add special substances that contribute to the set of strength concrete under difficult conditions.

However, the master must give a report that under weather conditions, which are characterized by minus temperature, work will be difficult. We will have to warm water, which will exclude the freezing of the mixture. If ice formation is admitted, this may cause an increase in the volume of the solution, which, in turn, can lead to the destruction of the structure from the inside.

What volume of the solution is from one cement bag?

If you have 1 bag of cement in stock, how many cubes of the solution get out of it? Using this volume, a 0.24 cubic meter of a solution of sand and cement will be obtained, while you need to use a ratio one to three. You will need to add one part of the clay to the ingredients. Increase the volume of the solution to 0.25 cubic meters, if you use the M300 brand cement. Ultimately, it will be possible to obtain a solution

Conclusion

Conducting the preparation of a cement solution should occur when proportions are observed. The correct ratio will make it possible to obtain a quality composition that will be distinguished by strength and frost resistance. It is important not only to prepare the mixture correctly, following the technology, but also follow the stage of hardening. At the same time, the design surface should be moistened, which is especially important when hot weather. In this case, you can cover the surface of the moistened burlap.

With an industrial production method, the composition of the components is set automatically according to the technology. Most private developers make a mixture on their own. Not everyone has an accurate idea of \u200b\u200bhow to prepare 1 cube concrete and how much cement must be put so that it corresponds to the goals for which it is intended.

There are no trifles in construction. Any technology retreat is fraught with a decrease in the strength of the construction and reduction of its operational period. Especially, this applies to the preparation of a mortar of cement - concrete, which is used in all designs responsible for the strength of the building.

Criteria for calculating cement weight in concrete

Standard components of the solution - crushed stone, sand, cement. Up to the desired consistency, the dry composition is adjusted by the addition of water. There are quite a few additives changing the properties of the solution in accordance with the specific requirements. But the most important component in concrete is cement. This binder connects all components into a single mass, contributes to their further curing. The number of cement on the concrete cube is one of the most important indicators. It is the brand that the mixture obtained is depends on it. In order to calculate weight correctly, you need to know the following:

• what is the composition for - the choice of brand depends on this;
• which cement is going to use - determines the amount of material;
• characteristics of the remaining ingredients.

An important indicator that must be taken into account - the duration of the storage of the hardener. The optimal shelf life of the product is 2 months. In the future, the characteristics begin to deteriorate.

Concrete mix

Cooking a concrete mix right

The technology of cooking a mixture with their own hands has long been worked out. It can be done in any suitable tank or use a means of small mechanization - concrete mixer. Manual preparation order is simple: all dry components are connected, the composition obtained is diluted with water to the desired gauge consistency.

Construction composition with concrete mixer

If you use a concrete mixer, the process is built according to the following algorithm:

• In the bowl, water is poured - about 50% of the required volume.
• Add 50% of rubble, wash 2-3 minutes.
• The entire hardener is poured, turn on the drum for stirring for 4 minutes.
• Add sand, smear 2 minutes.
• Lastly, add the remaining rubble.
• Water is added to the resulting solution to the desired consistency.

More than 10 minutes (in total) to wash the contents of the concrete mixer, it is impossible, its quality will deteriorate. Before starting work, the blades of concrete mixers are wetted.

Proportions for the preparation of concrete of high strength:

• sand - 3 parts;
• crusheden - 5 parts;
• cement - 1 part.

How to prepare high-quality solution?

To obtain a high-quality solution, not only a fresh hardener of the necessary brand is required. The main components should also be responsible for certain criteria:

• In the sand there should be no more than 15% impurities, otherwise it will have to sift it (if it has a high degree of contamination, it is washed and dried).
• The chinclar mass should have a certain size, the testicle is the predominance of the grain of the same shape (a high degree of contamination indicates the need to washing the material).
• Water for cooking is taken by clean (water) with low salts (according to GOST).

There are other nuances of preparation of high-quality mixture:

• If it is planned to lay fittings, the consumption of cement on one cube concrete should expect to use 220 kg.
• The excess number of the hardener may adversely affect the strength of the mixture. More than 350 kg per ton is usually not added.
• The volume of the resulting solution is always less than the total volume of components.
• If the quality of the hardener deteriorated from long-term storage, it increases its share in the mixture.

When preparing a cement solution, it is necessary to take into account its degree of grasp, some construction works require that it does not serve too fast.

Calculate quantity

The amount of cement on the concrete cube primarily depends on the purpose of the solution. The more responsible role is assigned to him, the higher the cement brand must have. How to calculate cement on a concrete cube when using the chassis brand itself - M400? Table will answer this question.

How to calculate bags?

With large-scale construction, the mixture is needed a lot. Most often, the cement is bought in bags whose weight is 50 kg. How much cement goes to 1 cube concrete in bags?

Knowing this amount, you can not buy too much. There should be no stocks to avoid damage to the contents of the bags. It is necessary to store them in a dry place at the plus temperature. Prepare the composition should be directly before applying. It is impossible to leave it in the concrete mixer - clean the container and the blades are very difficult, you can spoil the equipment.

Concrete mixes - plastic and hardware compositions, consisting of binder material, fillers, plasticizers, special additives and water. As a binder, cement of various composition and stamps is used to prepare concrete. Fillers for the classic composition serve sand and crushed stone. Special species Concrete can be filled with clay with crushing, wood waste and other materials that change the technical characteristics of the material.

Adding plasticizers facilitates the process of laying concrete and contributes to a better mixture seal. Special additives allow working with material at negative temperatures, foaming the mixture, increase strength and resistance to moisture or achieve other special properties.

Requirements for components

The quality of concrete, its technical and operational characteristics depends on the ratio of the components. In addition, one should not forget about the economic component, which is determined primarily by the amount of consuming cement.

Therefore, correctly selected concrete mix And determining how much cement is on 1 cube concrete, not only ensures the quality of construction, but also makes the cost of its production are economically reasonable.

Cement

Modern industry produces several different species Cement manufactured by various technologies. For concrete, in most cases, portland cement four grades are used, from M300 to M600. The cement brand means the load value that an experimental sample is able to withstand.

In private construction, Portland cement M400 brand is most common.

The industrial construction of buildings and structures, as well as the work of reinforced concrete products, is based on the use of cement M500. The lowest brand is used to prepare concrete structures. Not susceptible to loads. For example, for wall partitions and hollow fillings.

Sand

For the preparation of concrete use sea, river or washed sophisticated sand. Such a filler does not contain dust, garbage, clay particles and other additives that can worsen the quality of the final material.

The size of the components of the sand particles are divided into:

• thin less than 1.2 mm;
• very small 1.2-1.6 mm;
• small 1.6-2.0 mm;
• average 2.0-2.5 mm;
• large 2.5-3.0 mm.

For concrete, all types of fractions can be used, but the best particle size will be the range of 1.2-2.5 mm. During the preparation of a concrete mix, it is necessary to take into account the humidity of the sand, which can reach 10% of the volume and enter the amendments when the water is added to the mixture.

Crushed stone and gravel

Used as a second filler, crushed rock rocks also have gradation in size and divided into:

• very small 3-10 mm;
• small 10-20 mm;
• average 20-40 mm;
• large 40-70 mm.

The two first fractions are called gravel, and a larger stone - rubble. Sea or river pebbles, having a smooth surface, will not be able to replace artificially crushed particles, as it will not provide proper clutch of the components.

When choosing a large filler, it is necessary to take into account that the size of the largest particles should not exceed 1/3 of the future concrete layer.

Important technical characteristic Rubble and gravel is their void, which determines the volume free space between individual particles.

The higher the emptiness indicator, the more cement and sand will be required to prepare a high-quality concrete mix. Depending on this, stone fillers are divided into porous to 2000 kg / m 3 and dense more than 2000 kg / m 3.

Calculation of consumption components for concrete

To properly determine the ratio of the components of the concrete mixture and the cement consumption by 1 cubic concrete, the following source data is necessary:

• necessary brand of concrete;
• the size of the fraction of the bought sand and rubble;
• cement brand that is in stock;
• the desired plasticity of the cooked mixture.

The calculation is made by determining the weight of each component. However, in the conditions of the construction site, weighing the amount of materials is very difficult and therefore is recalculated to the ratio of volume parts. It is assumed that in a 10 liter bucket, depending on the degree of seal, 13-15 kg of cement is placed, 14-17 kg of sand and 15-17 kg of rubble.

The reference literature provides ready-made data on the proportions of concrete in parts, depending on the binding material brand. So, to obtain concrete of various brands with the use of Portland cement M400, the ratio of sand and rubble per unit of cement will be:

When using the M500 cement, the relationship will be as follows:

These relations show that the portland cement M400 is more profitable for low concrete brands, and to obtain a more durable M500 material.

To simplify the cooking process, you can recalculate how many cement bags per 1 cubic concrete, and determine the final proportions of concrete in buckets for other materials. Such a recipe may be more convenient for use.

This table is composed for a gravel fraction of 20 mm. With other stone sizes, cement consumption per 1 cubic solution may vary depending on the index of voidness.

To determine it yourself, type 10 liter filler bucket, take the dimensional container and pour into the water bucket. If there are 3 liters of fluids, then void is 30%, and if 4 liters, then 40%. To fill out unnecessary voids between stones. additional amount Sand and cement, which will increase the final value of the concrete mix.

Water for the preparation of concrete should be clean, without impurities. Its quantity depends on the humidity of the sand and the required level of plasticity of the material.

The smaller the moisture in the composition of the concrete, the more difficult to lay it and qualitatively seal. But so monolithic design is more durable. A large amount of water makes the composition plastic and easily flooded, but the strength of the concrete will be somewhat reduced.

Applied Methods for mixing concrete

In private construction, a manual or mechanized method of kneading a concrete mixture is used. Manual cooking makes sense with small amounts of work, but if you need to prepare more than 5 m 3, it is better to rent, or even buy, mechanical concrete mixer with an electric drive. With the need for concrete more than 50 m 3, you can recommend buying a finished factory cooking concrete supplied in car mixers.

Move manual

For manual kneading, it will take a badge or a trough with a low side. Initially, sand, cement, cement and stirred to obtain a gray homogeneous mass to this container. After that, water is added and a conventional cement-sandy solution is made. Next, begin to gradually add rubble and, if necessary, water until it turns out ready to lay a mixture.

Use of concrete mixer

With a mechanical kneading mixer, approximately half the required water poured and fall asleep half of the rubble. This allows you to knock off the walls of the cement mortar remaining from the previous kneading. After that, we fall asleep all the necessary cement, stir 2-3 minutes and add sand. Pulling the residue of rubble and add water to obtain the necessary consistency of the composition.

Uploading the finished concrete must be performed completely into the pallet substituted under the concrete mixer. Screw the mixture from the mixer is not allowed.

Concrete is the most common material in construction. This is due to HIP affordable price, convenience in applying, plasticity in molding. Elements made from concrete have high compressive strength, resistance to most external loads (humidity, mechanical, thermal, chemical properties).

For the preparation of a concrete mix, water, cement and fillers of various fractions (crushed stone, sand) are required. From how qualitatively the mixture will be prepared, it depends on the extensive well-being of objects erected with its use.

Specialists whose profession is associated with construction and, well-oriented, how much cement in Cuba concrete of a particular brand, how much water and fillers are in it. The brands of concrete topics are distinguished that the volume or mass ratio of components included in it, different. For example, in 1 cubic meter of concrete M100 (brand 100) of cement contains 200 kg, and in 1 cubic meter of concrete brand M400 - cement 360 kg. Today exists a large number of concrete brands.

To facilitate the task of preparing a concrete solution of the necessary parameters, special tables have been developed for monitoring construction, in which data is given not only which percentage of cement should be in Cuba of the finished working solution of concrete of a particular brand, but also the percentage of other components.

If we take, for example, the M300 concrete brand is the most running, then, according to the table, the solution is prepared from 382 kg of cement (M400), 705 kg of sand, 1080 kg of rubble and 220 liters of water. M100 brand concrete, also according to the data of the table, is prepared from 214 kg of cement (M400), 870 kg of sand, 1080 rubble and 210 liters of water.

In addition to the tables, there is a method for determining the number of components in 1 Cuba concrete on a percentage. For example, in the concrete M100 brand per 1 part of the cement accounts for 4.1 parts of the sand, 6.1 parts of rubble. In addition, the principle in the M150 brand concrete per 1 part of the cement M400 accounts for 3.2 parts of sand and 5.0 rubble; For M250 concrete, 1 part of the cement accounts for 1.9 parts of the sand, 3.4 pieces of rubble, etc.

Table 1. Proportional cement content, sand and rubble grades 400 and 500 depending on the brand of concrete

Using the data of the table that determine the percentage of components, it is easy to calculate how many rubble in 1 cubic meter of concrete, as well as prepare the concrete of the desired characteristics, in the Prnzype, in any quantity.

Table 2. Concrete strength indicator depending on the brand and class

The physico-mechanical characteristics of concrete largely depend on the cement brand used for its preparation. In the case when concrete 200 requires, then the cement M400 is added, and when concrete brand 350 - cement M500 is required. Thus, for the preparation of a concrete mix of high-strength parameters, cement with a brand is required, 2 times higher than the future brand of concrete.

Simple method of cooking concrete mix

In cases where the construction issue does not concern the responsible object, there are no strict compounds of concrete brand specified in the project, use a simplified mixing scheme. For this, 1 share of cement takes 0.5 stakes of water, 2 - sand, 4 - rubble. If you need to prepare 1 cubometer of the concrete mix, then using the specified simplified scheme, it is necessary to take 330 kg of cement (which corresponds to 0.25 mk.), 180 liters of water (0.18 mkb), 600 kg of sand (0.43 MKKUB), 1250 kg rubble (0.9 m. Kube).

Table 3. Quantitative need of cement, sand, gravel (rubble), water to obtain 1 cubic meter concrete

For reference: the quality of concrete depends not only on the observance of the percentage ratio of components, but also on the order of their bookmark in the concrete mixer. The main procedure for filling materials into the container for kneading: 1. cement, 2.Wext, 3. Schedule, 4.Vode.