Another scandal in the Ministry of Education. Resource directory And ordinary people can see your activity
K. V. Kazakov E. A. Nosachevskaya
K. V. Kazakov E. A. Nosachevskaya
The role of information and communication technologies in solving topical issues of scientific support of the economy
Role of Information and Communication Technologies in the Solution of Topical Issues of Scientific Providing Economy
Kirill Kazakov
State Research Institute information technologies and telecommunications (Moscow) Director
Nosachevskaya Ekaterina Alexandrovna
Moscow State University for the Humanities M. A. Sholokhova Senior Lecturer, Department of Social Sciences, Candidate of Economic Sciences [email protected]
Kazakov Kirill Vyacheslavovich
State Research Institute of Information Technologies
and Telecommunications (Moscow)
Nosachevskaya Ekaterina Aleksandrovna
Moscow State Humanitarian University of M. A. Sholokhov
Senior lecturer of Chair of Social Sciences PhD in Economics [email protected]
KEYWORDS
information and communication technologies, scientific support, program, region, economy
information and communication technologies, scientific providing, program, region, economy ABSTRACT
The article examines the impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) on the development of the regional economy. The necessity of developing programs for scientific support of the economy in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the implementation of which involves the widespread use of ICT in sectoral processes, is substantiated. This will allow you to identify economic potential territory and provide organizational and methodological support for its effective use, provide an opportunity for scientific substantiation of the most promising areas for the functioning of the regional economy, stimulate the development of high-tech innovative industries on the territory of the region, and also solve other problems.
In the article influence of the information and communication technologies (ICT) on development of regional economy is considered. Need of development of programs of scientific providing economy for subjects of the Russian Federation which realization assumes wide use of ICT in branch processes locates. It will allow to reveal the economic capacity of the territory and to provide organizational and methodical maintenance of its effective use, to give opportunity of scientific justi-
fication of the most perspective directions of functioning of regional economy, to stimulate development in the territory of the region of hi-tech innovative productions, and also to solve other problems.
The transition to the information society, the growing importance of information in the functioning of the economy have served as a prerequisite for the widespread use of information and communication technologies (hereinafter - ICT) both at the macro-, meso- and micro-levels. Note that in this article we understand information and communication technologies as a set of methods, methods and means of searching, collecting, accumulating, processing, transferring and protecting information using software, computer technology and communications. The information and communication technology industry consists of several segments, among which it is customary to distinguish telecommunications, software, hardware and IT services.
The development of ICT is one of the main directions of the scientific and technological process, which helps to attract investment in the research area. Concerning special meaning are acquiring areas related to the search, collection, processing, transformation, dissemination and use of information, the requirements for the content and forms of data presentation, as well as for the protection of this data, are increasing, the need to improve existing and develop fundamentally new information and communication technologies is growing.
We are talking about the global socio-economic process of production and the use of information technology as a resource that helps to accelerate the innovative development of the economy through the introduction of advanced technologies in production and management. The core of the ICT sphere is the infrastructure sector of telecommunications and network technologies.
The development of this sector has a significant impact not through an increase in the share of the relevant sector in GDP, but indirectly, through cross-impact, on other sectors of the economy. The introduction of ICT is an impetus for the accelerated development of both individual industries and the economy of the region as a whole.
Currently, the ICT sector is developing intensively in Russia as well. The service sector is characterized by the active introduction and use of ICT, taking into account the specifics of the relevant processes. As for the public sector, informatization allows not only to increase the efficiency of the work of public authorities, but also to increase the degree of interaction between the state and society. For example, the provision of public services in in electronic format, the creation and maintenance of the functioning of e-government as a complex of information systems and resources makes it possible to form an infrastructure of public access to information on the activities of state bodies and to public services, create a unified system of information and reference support for the interaction of citizens with government bodies.
A significant increase in the number of Internet users in last years led to the development of e-business, including e-commerce, banking, insurance operations, stock exchange operations, etc. E-commerce expands the business space and changes the organizational principles of the functioning of enterprises in the real sector of the economy.
In the industrial sphere, the introduction of information technologies requires significant resources, including the modernization of fixed assets through the use of advanced technologies,
preparation of qualified personnel. However, these tasks are difficult to solve without a comprehensive scientific substantiation of the directions of development of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation. In an enlarged form, the scientific support of the regional economy is a process aimed at creating and applying knowledge, conducting research, introducing developments in various organizational forms with the aim of the most effective development of territorial economic complex.
In our country, a significant part of issues in the scientific field are resolved at the federal level and at the expense of federal budget... Thus, at present, total expenditures on R&D in Russia amount to 1.2% of GDP, including 0.9% of GDP - from the state budget, and only 0.3% - from extra-budgetary sources. At the same time, the activities of the regional authorities have also noticeably intensified, associated with the implementation of certain measures to stimulate the development of scientific and innovative activities. New opportunities have appeared in the regions due to the transfer of a number of rights and responsibilities from the center to the regional level along with the transition from departmental, mainly administrative, management to economic regulation scientific activities.
Regional priorities of research activities in Russia, to a large extent coincide with national ones, are formed on the basis of the geopolitical position of the region, resource and raw materials supply production processes, the level of infrastructural development (energy, transport, communications), the available production capacity, including technology, the availability of skilled labor and managers, as well as the need to improve the structure of the economy of a particular region.
At present, an attempt is being made in Russia to create economic, social and political prerequisites.
to implement the strategy of innovative 2 breakthrough. It's not just about ro- | in the production of certain types of goods, but also on the creation of opportunities for a rapid reorientation from one information technology to another. Such a strategy implies the interaction of all its participants, including< посредством института гоcударcтвенно- т частного партнерства (ГЧП) . В связи c этим могут быть сформированы следующие целевые установки:
For business - obtaining the maximum possible profit through the use of innovations at the expense of the competitive advantages of PPP;
For science - solving problems of cognition, including the creation of funds for the implementation of innovations;
For the state - the formation of an environment and conditions under which innovations provide the most significant possible profit for business, for science - the interest of business in scientific research, and for the economy as a whole - high competitiveness in the world economy.
This means the need to give now special attention on the part of the state to the tendencies in the development of research activities, the regulation of these tendencies, the organization of the effective use of scientific achievements in all sectors of the national economy. We are talking about giving science the status of a basic or priority branch of the economy, which forms the technical and economic basis for the innovative development of other industries in market conditions.
Along with the fact that representatives of the business community are actively using technical solutions in terms of improving the means and methods of communication (equipping workplaces computer technology, including with access to the Internet, the massive introduction of methods and means of processing, collecting, transferring, storing and displaying information on the basis of computer technology and telecommunications), the introduction of innovative
2 tions related to ICT, in order to increase productivity and efficiency of production processes, is a fairly promising area of work for business entities.
Application of innovations in terms of external< дрения информационных систем дает т возможность осуществлять оперативный обмен данными, координировать экономические операции, проводить детальный анализ проблематики, на основе результатов которого принимать наиболее эффективные организационные и управленческие решения. В настоящее время недостаточно проработанным как с научной, так и с практической точки зрения остается экономический и социокультурный потенциал применения ИКТ в развитии территориально-хозяйственных комплексов. В связи с этим актуальным является вопрос выявления приоритетных направлений автоматизации и информатизации economic activity, search for optimal forms of accelerated development and use of ICT in industries at the regional level, taking into account the characteristics of a particular territory.
Regional research and production enterprises working in the field of ICT are focused in their activities on the implementation of developments in the process of functioning of business and government structures in the direction of data processing and automation of management control.
Level reached and the problems of the development of science and technology in Russia indicate the need to move from the task of developing individual branches of informatization - communications and information technologies, to the formation of regional strategies and programs for scientific support of individual industries and the economy as a whole using the potential of ICT. Among the main tasks of implementing the program for scientific support of the economy at the regional level, taking into account the importance of using the potential of ICT in the development of sectoral processes, the following can be distinguished:
Ensuring the effective use of the resources available in the region by identifying the priorities of scientific and technological development based on the use of information technologies;
Improving the quality of scientific research carried out by regional organizations, as well as the level of their interaction with business entities in order to improve the technological foundations of production and its maximum possible automation;
Determination of the possible level of implementation of ICT solutions developed in the region in the state and business sphere;
Achievement of the advanced technological level of the regional economic complex based on the priority development of science-intensive areas, the introduction of resource-saving innovative technologies;
Improvement of interregional, inter-sectoral and intra-sectoral relations in order to intensify information, communication and innovation processes;
Increasing the share of innovative products in the total GRP on the basis of the introduction of the latest ^ -developments into production;
Achieving a high level of competitiveness of products manufactured in the region using ICT, etc.
As part of the development and further implementation of the program for scientific support of the regional economy, the priority areas are: determining the real state of economic activity in the region, assessing the position of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation in certain sectors modern development science and technology (including using the rating tool), identifying areas for the implementation of effective socio-economic activities in the context of regions and industries, as well as the formation of a single information
space of the region. This requires improvement at the regional level of the corresponding regulatory, technological infrastructure and organizational support.
The latter can be achieved through the creation and organization of work in the regions of structures whose functions will be to provide information and analytical support for regional socio-economic activities. We are talking about such events as:
Collection and systematization of data necessary for the successful implementation of innovative activities by enterprises in the region;
Dissemination of advanced information technologies;
Discussion with regional economic entities of the results of the conducted research to identify and forecast the information needs of different groups of industrial enterprises, etc. The implementation of programs for scientific support of the regional economy contributes to the emergence of new export opportunities for regional economic agents software product and the provision of services in the field of ICT, increasing labor productivity, including through the provision of economic
subjects with up-to-date information 2 about product sales markets, implementation | advanced technologies in production, as well as improving the quality of services in the social sphere (expanding the possibilities of distance education, x providing primary consultative and medical care, improving the quality of< ства предоставления государственных т услуг) и росту эффективности управления regional economy generally. Thus, ICTs are the most important factor in the modernization of methods, principles and mechanisms for managing the regional economy.
V modern conditions Taking into account the significant territorial length of the country, as well as the different level of development of informatization in its individual regions, it seems expedient to develop programs for scientific support of the economy using the potential of ICT in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. This contributes to the establishment of close, based on scientific and technical cooperation, links between business entities, scientific organizations, government agencies and representatives of the public, the development of their interaction aimed at ensuring the innovative functioning of the regional economy.
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- Kirill Vyacheslavovich, please tell us what certification is and why it is needed.
The word "certification" itself comes from the Latin sertifico ("certify") and denotes the confirmation of the quality of one's products or services in accordance with certain regulations or standards. Globally, it helps not only to control the quality indicators declared by manufacturers, but also creates a competitive environment in the market, promotes the promotion of goods and services both in Russia and abroad.
Everyone benefits from voluntary certification - both entrepreneurs and their business partners and employees
- How do consumers perceive certified products?
Consumers perceive the presence of a certificate as a guarantee of the conscientious work of a supplier or manufacturer, a kind of quality marker. Accordingly, such a product is becoming more popular and interesting for everyone.
As for the companies themselves, everyone benefits from voluntary certification - both entrepreneurs and their business partners and employees. Receiving this document automatically brings the organization to new level work, allows you to expand the scope of promoting your products or services, to take part in international competitions of various formats.
- Why has the issue of certification become especially relevant lately?
To be more precise, we are not talking about the last time, but about several decades. Earlier, during the times of the Soviet Union, there were strict GOST standards. In the 90s, with the emergence market economy, the situation has changed: the flow of food and industrial products from abroad poured into Russia. It had to be checked for compliance with safety standards and standards adopted in our country. Actually, this was the beginning of the history of certification of goods and services in Russia.
Several years ago, mandatory certification was canceled, and this caused a great resonance: both consumers and some manufacturers believed that such a measure would lead to a drop in quality, and the situation in the early 90s could be repeated, cheap goods of dubious quality would go on sale again. But contrary to the predictions of skeptics, this did not happen, Russian companies followed the example of the European ones and switched to voluntary certification of their products.
As practice has shown, the decision was very timely: many products of the same functional purpose, but of different quality, appeared; fierce competition arose between manufacturers of goods and service providers. That is why many organizations have turned to expert services to certify their products and services.
- How does voluntary certification differ from mandatory? What is its advantage?
According to the official definition, mandatory certification in the GOST R system is carried out on the basis of laws and regulations and provides evidence of the conformity of a product (process, service) to the requirements technical regulations, mandatory requirements of standards in terms of safety.
There are various schemes for such certification, the most common are the issuance of a certificate of conformity for a contract, for serial production and for a specific batch of products.
Voluntary certification is the confirmation of the functional characteristics and quality indicators of products by an independent expert organization. It is carried out at the initiative of the applicants, and it is conceived as a tool for business self-regulation, an alternative to the inflexible and time-consuming and costly compulsory conformity assessment. In fact, this is a step towards European-level management.
We are all accustomed to a rapidly changing world, the emergence of new technologies that greatly simplify people's lives, including in the field of education. The system of electronic queue for kindergartens, modern and reliable IP-telephony, databases of electronic textbooks, on-line services for schoolchildren who pass the exam and the state exam. Until recently it seemed impossible. New horizons lie ahead - projects in demand that will once and for all change the lives of people in contact with Russian education. The State Research Institute of Information Technologies and Telecommunications "Informika" is one of the main research institutes of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation for the development and promotion of modern IT solutions. Director of the Institute Kirill Kazakov told about the work of "Informika", about tendencies in informatization of education and science in an interview to the Federal portal "Russian Education".
Kirill Vyacheslavovich, what is hidden behind the sign of the Federal State Autonomous Institution of Information Technologies "Informika"? What are the main tasks of the Institute?
Informika is the Federal State Research Institute, which, on behalf of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, is engaged in comprehensive support and development of new and promising information technologies and telecommunications in the field of education and science.
Our institution is engaged in the informatization of all forms of the educational process - scientific, scientific-production and administrative activities of universities, research institutes and other organizations in the field of education and science.
With a relatively small staff of about 200 people, we manage to successfully implement the most ambitious tasks, implement the latest technology, which seemed fantastic a few years ago.
Judge for yourself: creation of a unified educational information environment, including support for federal information systems; development of e-learning based on distance learning technologies and electronic library; information technology integration Russian system education and science in the world scientific and educational space and much more.
These are not abstract formulations, but quite concrete things that have already greatly facilitated the interaction of educational structures.
Do ordinary people see your activities?
Of course. We are implementing a number of social projects, working on tasks, the implementation of which will be tangible to almost everyone who, in one way or another, is faced with science and education.
I'll start with the well-known Electronic Queue. Remember how much work and time it took to enroll a child in kindergarten a few years ago .. Queues, it’s not clear what documents need to be brought, lunch breaks in the institutions themselves. Now what? Almost any family can independently apply from home for the placement of a child in a kindergarten they like.
« Electronic queue»Excludes the submission of repeated applications, provides the possibility of separate registration of children with disabilities, children with developmental delays in order to provide them with places in kindergartens of a compensatory, combined or recreational orientation. And from next year, all duplications in the databases will be excluded, including when children move to other regions of the country.
Yes, in many regions the system is just starting up, the service is being debugged. But a year ago, when we started working, only 17 regions had the opportunity to enroll a child in a kindergarten. And after Informika took the lead in the project, the Electronic Queue appeared in every constituent entity of the Russian Federation. Now we are working on the creation of a single resource window on the federal portal "Gosuslugi". In the fall of 2014, we plan to present an updated service.
For schoolchildren, Informika has launched several resources at once with electronic libraries of textbooks. For example, the Unified collection of digital educational resources School-Collection with a base of 111 thousand materials in almost all subjects of the curriculum. There are whole sets of digital textbooks recommended by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation for use in schools, innovative educational and methodological developments and other educational, cultural, educational and cognitive materials.
Another resource - the Federal Center for Information and Educational Resources - unites more than 28 thousand textbooks. Here, in addition to textbooks for general education, teaching materials for professional and additional education... In 2014 alone, 600 thousand textbooks were downloaded from this portal.
The federal portal "Russian Education" is another of our successful projects. Over the years of its existence, it has become a very popular resource for anyone interested in education. The bases of universities, schools, base stored there normative documents, online service with real USE tasks and GIA attract millions of visitors to the site. Work is underway to redesign the portal.
I would like to tell you about information system Single Window, which provides Free access to the integral catalog of educational Internet resources and to the electronic library of educational and methodological materials for general and professional education.
This library is the largest repository of full-text versions of educational, methodological and scientific materials with open access in the Russian segment of the Internet. It contains more than 30 thousand materials, the sources of which are more than three hundred Russian universities and other educational and scientific institutions.
These are our flagships. There are also a number of projects that are under development.
What are the current tasks for your team? What is the Institute working on?
Today we are working on a number of important state tasks in the field of informatization of the educational sphere. Lots of work. We pin great hopes on the creation of “ Unified system accounting for the contingent of students in educational institutions of various levels ", which will, among other things, improve the quality and efficiency of management decisions in the construction and commissioning of educational institutions.
That is, a complete and reliable data bank of students in Russia will be formed.
In addition, the "Contingent" system will make it possible to form the so-called "electronic portfolio of a child", track his successes, talents, achievements throughout the entire education cycle - from kindergarten to university and other forms of additional and professional education.
The "contingent" will also inform interested services about the impact of the educational process on the health of children, and therefore justify the adjustment of curricula.
Of the new projects, I will also note the federal system of enrollment in the 1st grade. The work algorithm will be similar to today's services for placing babies in kindergartens. At the moment, the collection of the regulatory framework is underway, various options for the implementation of the project are being worked out.
I will separately dwell on state program modernization of regional systems of general education, which started in April 2011. As you know, the state allocates huge resources to increase teachers' salaries, develop the material and technical base of general education institutions, to solve the problems of small schools in countryside... It is clear that all work is under the control of the President of Russia, the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, and of course the Minister of Education and Science of Russia. Our institute has created a specialized federal resource where all statistical and analytical information about the implementation of the state program is collected. Now the specialists of Informika are working on optimizing the benchmarks, making the final data more understandable and reflecting the reality, and checking the introduction of places. This is the largest subsidy in preschool education over the past 30 years.
As I said, we still have a lot of work ahead of us. Here is the development of supercomputer network technologies that ensure work with large databases, and the creation of geographic information systems, the relevance of which is only increasing, and methodological support of new forms of education using modern means of communication, including distance learning with the involvement of representatives of the best domestic and foreign educational institutions.
Kirill Vyacheslavovich, thank you for taking the time and answering the questions in such detail.
I would like to take this opportunity to congratulate the Informika team on its 20th anniversary. Over the past years, the Institute has received well-deserved recognition and respect, has united people of high professionalism, real experts in their field. These years are not just the history of the institution, they are evidence of the accumulated scientific, technical and reputation potential, a guarantee of stability and prospects for its further development.
Over a twenty-year period of work, the Institute has accumulated solid experience in research and design work, acquired reliable partners and rightfully became an authoritative leader among research institutions dealing with the problems of informatization of education and science in the country. I am convinced that the staff of the Institute will continue to implement bright projects, on the implementation of which the comfortable life of citizens depends. I wish you new achievements and good luck, good health and prosperity.