The one who does nothing makes no mistakes. The pros and cons of your homes - personal experience. Design errors Typical design errors

When building a private house, most developers often make the same mistakes. In this article, we have collected 9 of the most common mistakes during construction, by avoiding which you can build a cottage without unnecessary problems.

Start of construction without a competent design

Many developers prefer to skip this stage and immediately begin construction without a quality project. But construction begins not with laying the first brick, but with transferring the idea to paper. Only a high-quality project will make it possible to calculate an estimate as close to reality as possible, terms, and the number of specialists involved.

Selection of low-quality building materials

Second typical mistake, which is allowed by customers - the choice of low-quality building materials. More precisely, even like that. Take good cement, but use dirty sand. Buy insulation from a trusted company, but save on glue for it. This ultimately leads to double spending. And it’s good if the shortcomings have to be eliminated when creating the house, and not during its operation.

Advice

To avoid spending more money at the stage of purchasing building materials, you need to complete the project estimate in advance. A competent specialist calculates everything down to the number of nails. And this will allow you to save money without compromising quality.

A competent builder will not make mistakes and will ensure that materials arrive gradually. This

1. Won't force construction site stand idle without work.
2. Will not allow the weather to degrade the quality of materials.
3. It will make it possible to carry out all the work in stages.

Wrong timing to start construction

The fourth common mistake is to start building a private house in the spring or even summer. In the warm season, concrete for the foundation will dry much faster. But this does not mean that it will be of better quality. It is worth clearly understanding: you cannot rush when building a house!

Advice

You cannot build a house over a foundation that is not yet “settled.” The concrete solution fills all the voids and is poured into the allotted space. This takes time. The optimal time for the foundation to be ready is 1-2 months.

The larger the cottage, the stronger the foundation. One of the most common mistakes you should not make is to start building walls over a foundation that was poured less than a month ago. Experienced builders say that the foundation should be poured in the warm autumn. Natural drying of the concrete will provide the strongest possible foundation for your future home.

Construction without the use of reinforcement

Increasing the strength of a building material is only possible by using reinforcement. The house takes years to build. Precipitation, wind and use reduce its wear resistance. And only reinforcement can slow down this process.

Advice

You can reinforce a building that is already in use. But this is difficult and degrades the appearance of the house. You should not make a common mistake of illiterate builders. The best option is to perform reinforcement during construction.

Needs reinforcement

1. Foundation. Reinforcement can be transverse or longitudinal.
2. Walls. The reinforcement will allow you to additionally fasten walls made of any material.
3. Floors. The beams will increase their wear resistance and allow them to withstand additional loads if reinforcement is provided during their installation.

The reinforcement process will not take much time and will not increase the cost of the project too much.

Construction without wall insulation

The house needs to be insulated. This is an unbreakable dogma. It is a mistake to rely on a heating system or mild winters. The best option is to insulate the walls outside the house. Installation of the heat modernization system can begin immediately after the walls are erected.

If you plan to finish the exterior of the facade, you may not adhere to the ideal evenness of the walls. This will save time. And the arrangement of the facade can be carried out immediately after strengthening the insulation to the walls.

Use of low-quality double-glazed windows

Under thermal modernization, any specialist assumes insulating walls and installing the “correct” windows. Even the thickest insulation will not fully retain heat if it does not have good double-glazed windows. High-quality windows are the key to heat conservation, as well as good sound insulation.

To avoid a common mistake, you need to think about how many sashes there will be in each double-glazed window. And also do you need windows that can be ventilated? You can install double-glazed windows immediately during the construction of walls, as well as after the “box” is ready.

Errors during roof installation

Most modern roofing materials are of fairly high quality, however, a common mistake is not to pay due attention to the roof. All problems most often arise precisely because of installation errors. For example, when purchasing high-quality materials for the roof itself, some people install it on cheap fastening elements, which overall makes such a roof short-lived. Or they use materials that are not suitable for installing a particular type of roof. That is why, when installing a roof, you should study this process in detail in order to avoid annoying mistakes.

Incorrect internal arrangement

The house must be comfortable. A common mistake is planning rooms without taking into account the needs of residents. If there is not so much space, you can:

• donate a guest room;
• make a small dressing room;
• Don't make a big living room.

But there are things that should be even in small house. This

1. Children need their own rooms. If it is not possible to make rooms for each child, zoning should be done in the common nursery.
2. The kitchen should have a dining area that can accommodate the whole family.
3. If the house has more than one floor and the bedrooms are, for example, on the second, there should be a bathroom.

A good layout will allow the inhabitants of the house to feel comfortable. And the house itself will be cozy.

Selection of unqualified personnel for construction

And one last thing. Unable to build good house, if you involve random people in this process. A well-coordinated team must work. It needs a core of specialists, a good leader, who is also a person who controls every stage of the work.

Choosing builders is undoubtedly the most difficult aspect of creating a home. The best option– one company does all the work. This way the performers will have more responsibility. At the same time, an experienced company with well-coordinated team can always give timely, competent, necessary recommendations.

Advice

You need to control all stages of construction yourself. It is best not to allow the next stage to begin without checking the previous one. Builders may well hide their mistakes. And those, unfortunately, may later be incorrigible.

In fact, advice on how to avoid mistakes during construction can be continued for a very long time. But the 9 listed are the most typical and difficult to correct. That’s why it’s better to know in advance what will help prevent them.

Mistakes made when planning construction or during the process result in inconvenience during living; the experience of those who have already gone through them will help you avoid typical “rake”.

Only those who do nothing make mistakes, but when it comes to building a house, it is possible to reduce the percentage of errors to a minimum by taking advantage of the experience of someone who has already walked this road. Everyone has their own pet peeves, but there are several common mistakes that are repeated from construction site to construction site. This article provides recommendations from members of our portal who are already living in their homes, to help those who are just thinking about their home, in the midst of design or in the process of construction.

And again about the project, layouts and dimensions

Repeatedly in articles, videos and forum topics it was said about the need for design, that the costs of the project in general are not so high, and that in the future it will pay off.

And, nevertheless, it makes sense to repeat - the project is needed, the project is important, without a project, starting construction is fraught with problems, both during the construction process and during living.

However, a project is not a panacea that gets rid of all troubles at once; the most important thing is to decide on desires, compare them with possibilities and even think not seven, but ten times before grabbing cutting objects.

Serd FORUMHOUSE Member

He repeatedly praised himself for spending a lot of time at the computer, detailing the project. It is very important to understand from the very beginning that floor plans– that’s not all. We need to think about it right away engineering Communication(water, heat, sewerage, ventilation, electricity), link them with the layout.

The craftsman advises using and making three-dimensional models with furniture, even playing with interior decoration. Yes, this will take a lot of time, but rework will take it even more.

It is also important “from what angle to dance.”

Ruslanych FORUMHOUSE Member

According to statistics, people spend 70% of their active time in the same room. Most often this is a kitchen, a living room, an enclosed terrace. When developing a project, I advise you to place this “family room” as conveniently as possible relative to the site and build the rest of the house layout around it.

Three-dimensional models are great, but imagination is also a good helper.

Zemskiy FORUMHOUSE Member

...Imagine your home - how you enter, where you go, the whole trajectory: bathroom-kitchen-bedroom. Imagine it in 25⁰ frost in winter and 35⁰ heat in summer, imagine that you come yourself, and how your friends come. In general - use your imagination! But! Before you invent something of your own, look, a lot has already been invented, a lot has already been tormented for you, if possible, you should not repeat the mistakes of others...

For example - big, spacious house with a bunch of bells and whistles - it’s beautiful, but not always justified.

natulson Member of FORUMHOUSE

Oh, it’s not easy to admit, but I messed around with the layout, and now I’m dreaming of a new house in which:

• first, the area will decrease, approximately two hundred versus more than three hundred;
• second, there won’t be a pool, it’s expensive, too expensive.

Galina1 Member of FORUMHOUSE

They were building a big house, I don’t even know why, they didn’t think about it at all, they just wanted a big and beautiful one. They built it and realized that now for finishing and then for maintenance during their stay, it would take too much effort and money, and, most importantly, it would be useless; the children were already living separately.

All portal participants advise paying special attention to stairs - they should be planned initially, be comfortable and, ideally, without high and narrow winder feet.

Forgetfulness results in the need to squeeze in a ladder somehow during construction, to make high/narrow/dangerous steps, to take advantage of openings. Well, if the design only spoils the view and mood, such an epic happens to end with serious injuries.

sepavi FORUMHOUSE Member

A real example - a man on his staircase with high winders fell so much that he became disabled of the third group. Don't forget: a normal staircase is a minimum of 8 m² from each floor. The builders don't care, you live there later.

Winder steps, if you really can’t do without them, can be made practical, Annette steps 100x30 cm, as operation has shown, are convenient, safe, “not scary and not tiring.”

About utility rooms

A room for a boiler room is planned in almost every private house, especially with stove heating, and then it turns out that not only a boiler room was needed, but also a pantry, a laundry room and dressing rooms instead of closets or in addition to them.

Roberta99 Member of FORUMHOUSE

I would never exchange a built-in wardrobe for a dressing room; the belongings from the 5 m² dressing room did not fit into three built-in wardrobes. In the new house, three large dressing rooms are planned and two small ones in the children's rooms, and no closets. Arranging a dressing room is cheaper than sliding doors for a built-in wardrobe. And more usable space is used, but this is my personal opinion.

Even if there is ground floor, in which all technical rooms are usually located, a utility room is not superfluous, not to mention one-story buildings.

Olivka557 Member of FORUMHOUSE

It’s very convenient next to the kitchen or bathroom - a laundry room, which is also a storage room, where clothes are also dried on a shelf and a heated towel rail. Good ventilation (natural, ventilation duct 150x150 mm, window for micro-ventilation) dries clothes perfectly. And I wash it often, you can’t run into the base.

Outbuildings on the street also cannot replace a storage room in the house, but sometimes this understanding comes only with experience.

Kutusha Member of FORUMHOUSE

I am not a fan of halls and corridors; a vestibule and a small hallway are enough for me. There is a large storage area capital barn, cellar and attic. There is somewhere to put seasonal items that have been put aside for a long time, the washing machine fits perfectly in the bathroom, buckets, basins and mops are nestled in the corner of the boiler room.

Two years later, it turned out that there was a serious need for a small storage room next to the kitchen, in which to place the brought food and utensils. It was necessary to allocate at least a 2x2 m room for shelving, with an exit from the kitchen. Again, you can combine the pantry and boiler room.

TeXnology FORUMHOUSE Member

When I was doing the project, my wife, in an ultimatum, demanded a room near the kitchen for storing food (pickles, jams, bags of sugar) and household utensils. I have attached a boiler room (electric boiler) to the kitchen, there will also be a washing machine there, and half of the room will be for the needs of my wife.

During the season, such utility rooms are convenient for growing seedlings; there is no need to clutter the window sills, and the plants still need additional lighting.

Control and control again

Involving performers, even those positioning themselves as professionals, does not relieve the need to control each stage. And not just from the position of “standing over the soul,” but with knowledge of the matter.

Lema Member of FORUMHOUSE

You need to have an idea of ​​what you are doing; each issue needs to be studied thoroughly. This is what we did, starting from choosing a site, ending with purchasing doors and windows (at the moment).

And this is not an isolated opinion.

Serd FORUMHOUSE Member

Regardless of the amount of payment and qualifications (whether you hire a company or Uzbeks), you need to clearly know what you want to get and have a good understanding of how it should be done. A standard argument like “we’ve been building like this for fifteen years, and no one has any problems” should not be taken as an axiom.

If possible, you should be present at the construction site as often as possible.

Livestock breeder FORUMHOUSE Member

Before starting construction, find retired or practicing former technical supervision engineers among your friends or through advertisements. Both control methods and technologies have been developed and regulated, tested by experience and practice, and most importantly, the entire process is enshrined in the relevant instructions. And if the construction contractor is a professional, he, like a horse, will feel a confident hand, perk up and build with caution and fear. I guarantee this to you both as a former contractor and as a former OKS technical supervisor.

Logically, even if the performers do not shine with professionalism, the presence of an experienced controller will allow you to avoid outright hackwork and serious troubles in the future.

From the world by thread

Advice from experienced people.

• A garage combined with a house is rarely used for its intended purpose, unless we are talking about the northern regions and car enthusiasts; over time, it is still transformed into a mix of a workshop and storage. An additional utility room is much more useful.
• Instead of a garage, it makes sense to make a parking lot with a canopy; most of the time the car will be there.
• In most cases, a balcony is an additional problem and expense during construction, especially if there are few beautiful views in the surrounding area. If you have the financial capabilities and the appropriate skills or professional performers, it won’t hurt as a home decoration and “ever, ever, have a cup of tea.” If the construction is on a budget, you shouldn’t waste your time.
• You shouldn’t be afraid of your ideas, even when they seem fantastic, the main thing is to start, “the devil is not so scary...”.
• Clear planning of finances, work schedule and expenses - you should not try to embrace the immensity, the fuse will disappear, and the construction will freeze.
• The hall, living room, kitchen/dining room should be spacious, this is where families spend the most time and meet with relatives and friends.
• Even in conditions of austerity, it makes sense to plan a guest room and preferably on the ground floor, if friends can be accommodated somewhere for a couple of nights, elderly relatives with arthritis cannot be sent to the attic.
• Any builders need to be “tested by battle”, let them first do something simpler (a barn, a fence, a shed, etc.), in the process both their skill and attitude towards the workplace will be immediately visible.
• Changing teams is not a guarantee of a better result; the next ones will always try to blame the previous ones for all the serious things.
• Everything that is not satisfactory should be remade or forced to be remade immediately; nothing is as permanent as something temporary.
• To avoid accidentally damaging the wiring in the process finishing or situation, it is worth saving the wiring diagram.
• IN two-story house on the ground floor you need a full bathroom with at least a shower; both guests and themselves may need it in a few years. Unfortunately, no one gets any younger, and stair fitness is good up to a certain age.

It is impossible to include the experience of all portal participants in one article, but the recommendations voiced are already a good help. Read more about the pros and cons of private houses. What beginners fear - in the material, the video talks about building a house without problems.

From the table. 3 it follows that condition V05 is satisfied for the case of Fln(P), that is, the empirical distribution is consistent with the hypothesis of a lognormal distribution law. Wherein this law distribution is described by the following numerical characteristics:

Median Me(P) = a = P = 57 MW

Mathematical expectation M(P) = a * e "2 = 66 MW

Mode Mo(P) = a* e~ = 62 MW (5)

Dispersion D(Р) = с 2 = а2es\е5" - 1) = 21116 MW2 а = /АзР) = 46 MW

The optimal power of a pumped storage power plant in generator mode is equal to PpA30= M(P) / Pgen = 66/0.9 = 73 MW (6)

1. The proposed method allows us to determine the optimal power of GA3S to align the production schedule of V3S, which will be considered a safe reserve.

2. Based on the data from measuring wind speeds for the year, based on calculations of the difference between the maximum Pmax and minimum Pmin power by day, it was determined that the empirical distribution is subject to the lognormal law.

Literature

2. KremerN. Sh. Probability theory and mathematical statistics, 2003. 543 p.

3. Reliability and efficiency in technology. Directory. Volume 2. Mathematical methods in the theory of reliability and efficiency, 1987. 280 p.

4. Pugachev V.S. Probability theory and mathematical statistics, 1979. 495 p.

Errors in the design of buildings and structures Korneva E. R.

Elena Romanovna Korneva /Korneva Elena Romanovna - master's student, Department of Organization of Construction and Real Estate Management, Faculty of Management Economics and information systems in construction, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Moscow

Abstract: the article presents the most common mistakes in the design of buildings and structures.

Key words: design, buildings, structures, errors, collapse.

The main cause of accidents, collapses of buildings and structures are errors made at the “project” stage, which, as a rule, are caused by human factor. As a result of miscalculations in design in construction, 500 - 600 unacceptable deformations of building structures occur annually. Elimination of these defects, strengthening building structures, foundations of buildings and structures means additional work, cost of funds, consumption of building materials and labor resources. There are cases when a designer's mistake affects the safety of people.

Human errors are not taken into account in design. Today there are no regulatory documents that contain a reliability coefficient to take into account quality deficiencies due to human errors. The means to detect errors is to control the design process. Control has not only the direct task of finding errors, its indirect psychological impact on the quality of construction is very important. In practice, control today relies more on the experience and intuition of the project manager and engineering supervision. Design errors are caused by:

Incompetence of the designer;

Lack of experience in designing complex structures;

Lack of elaboration in case of pessimistic developments of events;

Improper organization of work activities;

The desire of the customer (designer) to save on geotechnical surveys ( industrial facilities long length);

Reluctance of the designer to take into account the features of modern building materials and structures;

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Neglect to check structural calculations made in computer software systems;

As a result, the following may occur:

Errors in choosing foundation bases, design diagram foundation (the foundation is the base of the building, a mistake made can lead to unacceptable settlement, tilt, resulting in the formation of large opening cracks and destruction of the building, as a consequence of this);

Errors in choosing the structural design of the building (the result is overloading of load-bearing structures, destruction);

The formation of dampness and mold, which leads to early physical wear and tear of the building (manifests itself when using modern “Euro windows”, with effective seals that block access to the building from outside air by almost 90%, and at the same time calculating the air exchange according to the old ones regulatory documents) ;

Incorporation into the project of no longer existing materials taken from old assortments; It is absolutely impossible to avoid design errors, but you can reduce them to a minimum. Minimizing the number of errors can help:

Correct organization of design in accordance with the requirements of GOST ISO 9000-2011;

Organization of free discussions among designers in this field of activity;

Creation of reserve reserves for unforeseen situations;

Personal responsibility of participants in the design process;

Availability complete information and statistical research in the intended field of activity;

Taking into account the possibility of negative developments and the development of a fallback option;

Taking into account the design of modern building materials and structures.

Literature

1. Ledenev V.V. Accidents in construction. Causes of accidents in buildings and structures, textbook, Tambov, 2014.

2. Errors in the design of building structures. Foundations and foundations. [Electronic resource]: Electronic fund of legal and regulatory technical documentation. URL: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/677011171. (date of access: 06/07/2016).

Queuing system. Post capacity Seliverstov P. Yu.1, Aubakirov Sh. K.2

"Seliverstov Pavel Yurievich / Selivyorstov Pavel Yurievich - master's student, department of transport, transport equipment and technology;

2Aubakirov Sherniyaz Kayrollovich - master's student, Department of Thermal Power Engineering, Faculty of Transport and Energy, Eurasian National University them. L. N. Gumileva, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan

Abstract: the article discusses general concepts on queuing systems, subject, tasks, areas of their application. Also in the article, using a queuing system, the throughput of the bus depot interior wash station is calculated. Key words: queuing theory, queuing system, flow of applications, queue, refusal.

In numerous areas of production, consumer services, economics and finance, systems of a special type that implement repeated implementation of monotypic problems are of no small importance. Similar systems are called queuing systems (QS). Among the properties of QS samples in the financial and economic field, one can cite systems that are banks, Insurance companies, tax inspectorates, audit services. In the field of production and service, examples of QS systems can be: different concepts of interconnection (including telephone exchanges), complex loading and unloading complexes (ports, freight stations), gas stations, shopping centers, hairdressers, ticket offices, currency exchange points, repair shops, clinics, etc. Such concepts, as well as computer networks, concepts of collecting, storing and processing data, motor transport concepts, automated production zones and, in the military sphere, concepts of air defense or missile defense can also be considered as specific QS. Any QS includes in its own structure

Through the eyes of the head of the design and construction company Alexey Zakharov: 1.1. Philosophy of common mistakes of Customers, Contractors (Architects, Builders): a) Part of the philosophy of any business. Be able to respect your...

Through the eyes of the head of the design and construction company Alexey Zakharov:

1.1. Philosophy of common mistakes of Customers, Contractors (Architects, Builders):

a) Part of the philosophy of any business. Be able to respect yourself, correctly count your earned money and, as a rule, respect others and their earned finances, without emphasis, whether it is a lot or a little - everything is relative in the world...

b) Integrity and trust in all directions. All over the world, the basic concepts and conduct of a strong, reliable business include the concepts of honor, “integrity,” trust between the parties and the legal reliability of the transaction. In our country, the issue of trust in your Customer or Contractor is more acute than legal. Since in the presence of the most competent legal side contract, but the reluctance of the parties to pay or correct the defect, forcing them to do this often turns out to be quite difficult and is fraught with at least a large loss of time, which also costs money, and sometimes health...

c) Legal reliability of the transaction – experienced lawyer and the financier will break it down for you into several components, only part of which is the contract itself and the annexes to the contract. So, it is desirable for both the Customer and the Contractor that the contract itself be written in a simple language understandable to all parties and include annexes in the form of a detailed estimate, terms of reference The customer, the work schedule and the facility financing schedule. If work schedules are linked to funding, that would be absolutely great, but this is rare...

Without the presence of decency, trust and a detailed legally competent agreement with the same detailed annexes, written for all cases and disciplining both parties, it is almost impossible to obtain a high-quality final product that is pleasing to the eye and wallet of both parties. "Trust but check".

1.2. Customer error theory:

Any Customer would ideally like to get the maximum product for the minimum amount of money. Is it possible?:

a) savings on paying the architect are possible if the Customer is a good architect himself and does this work for himself!

b) savings on payments to builders - theoretically possible if the Customer independently selects workers, supplies, conducts work, studies literature on control and technology of work, lives at his own construction site and monitors the entire progress of construction. Provided that he turns out to be a talented student in self-education, plus luck - and everything can work out. For those who wish, there are excellent books by German and Hungarian authors in our bookstores with descriptions of how to build a house yourself...

c) savings on the manufacturability of construction are possible due to competently set tasks for oneself (the Customer) and a good Contractor. A good architect can design a beautiful and functional home, while incorporating into the project the multiplicity of various building structures and materials allowing their use maximum dimensions without a large number of scraps and auxiliary battens and devices, correctly calculate the required volumes of the structures used. A good builder, given such a technologically advanced project, will quickly and efficiently complete all types of work, without wasting material.

An excursion into pricing in the market of design and construction services. Price square meter execution of an architectural project for a residential building by different Architects and Companies, as well as the average cost per square meter of the total area of ​​construction of a residential building among different Builders and Construction Companies often differ significantly. Have you ever wondered why this happens? Is it really all about differences in appetites? Let's look at this situation in a paragraph...

1.3. Customer's experience of mistakes:

a) having acquired a plot and made a decision to build a residential building, you need to clearly understand:

What financial capabilities are you willing to devote to design and construction?

How many people will live with you in this house, taking into account its possible

development in the future: - children, grandchildren, grandparents, guests, servants, security,

How many rooms for various purposes do you need (bedrooms, offices, playrooms,

guest rooms, billiard rooms, dressing rooms, cinema, gym, laundry rooms, swimming pool, sauna, for what

number of cars, etc.),

Which of them are vital for you, and which ones can you refuse for the sake of size and

the cost of the object...

After answering, for now, all these questions, you can begin choosing an Architect or

Design and Construction Company, together with which you can draw up technical specifications. task for

design, conclude an agreement and wait for the agreed results.

b) Practice mistakes of Customers who do not use the services of an Architect:

Over the 16 years of our company’s activity, the practice of turning to our Architects for help at the stage of work execution already in the process of building a house is approximately 30% of the total request:

Some of them come after building two floors and falling into a stupor - outwardly they look like

somehow it’s not the same as in a checkered notebook or on graph paper, and there’s already a lack of skills and

fantasies on how to finish this box, how to decorate the roof, other elements so that it all works out

something decent

Part comes after the construction of one floor or just a foundation,

Some sometimes turn out to be “talented”: the box is made by good masons, there are

ventilation ducts where needed, stairwell of normal size, etc. on each

the wall has a lot of patterns, bay windows, protrusions, in general, all in pieces with love, but ultimately tie it all into

a single whole without dismantling something is beyond the power of an experienced architect, and

It’s frankly not interesting to engage in such projects, since the labor intensity of their implementation is much

above clean slate projects.

c) Practice mistakes of Customers who previously use the services of other Architects:

The customer is carrying out several different projects for young Architects, and, apparently,

not particularly bothered to pay them for the work done, but intuitively

feeling that something is missing and, fueled by the resignation of the young brethren, turns for

help from experienced specialists, but experienced ones, as a rule, escort such clients either immediately,

or as they understand - who is in front of them. The desire to pay even for an excellent project is not

awakens in them even after its implementation... That’s why we shouldn’t even give advice to such people

desires... Quite often, the truth is that a decent Customer appears with sketches of young people

talents and understanding that he will not build a house for himself with them.

It is not uncommon for a customer to carry out a project in a renowned Design and Construction Company with a flickering

The architect pays in full for an expensive project, and as a result receives either

illiterate rubbish from the young fraternity recruited to the PSK, or a cool project from a fashionable

There is no architect, only the tasks were set for him and completely different ones were completed.

one, the other is missing. The unfulfilled ambitions of some fashionable architects are not

give them the opportunity to listen to the needs of the Customer and the Customer declare: “I don’t do that

I will, because I don’t do that, take the project, pay and get out of here.” Or another situation with

project of a fashionable Architect's workshop: the project is ready, everything seems to be fine, the Customer selects

designed from scratch on a large and expensive plot of land suddenly it doesn't fit

staircase into the opening intended for it with normal height and width of steps, not

there are enough ventilation ducts in the bathrooms, space for planned wardrobes in the hallway or bedrooms

turns out to be equal to 400 mm instead of the required 600 - 700 mm, and so on and so forth. At

When analyzing the case, it turns out that the fashionable architect saw this project only a couple of times: the first time

discussed the facades, and the second when she signed the stamps on each sheet that she leafed through to him

secretary, and at that moment he did not have time to check everything thoroughly...

Customer purchasing finished project coming to the PSK or via the Internet with a request

reduce, expand, deepen, add something and as a result still receive absolutely

another project from scratch, which I’m happy with,

The customer, often the head of a large construction company, having purchased

several hectares of land on the shore of a reservoir, divides it into plots, orders a project from his

architects for a house with an area of ​​300 to 500 sq. m., catches up with its construction equipment and workers and

laid five foundations stops construction and appears to us with a request

“comb” ready-made boxes with differences from each other, and on the basis of ready-made foundations

design completely different houses. As a result, he again chooses 2 -3 for his family

interesting project. Concludes a contract for construction with us, and then for turnkey finishing

houses for himself, and the rest of the houses are completed by his people for sale...

Such examples can be given many and for a long time, but what is the matter, how does the Customer need to choose Contractors (Architects, Builders) for the design and construction of a residential building and why do the prices for these services differ significantly?

It should be noted that construction is one of the most creative and ancient professions, like healing and medicine, for example, and one can improve and learn the skills of these professions ad infinitum. Usually, building a house is a serious undertaking in testing family relationships. The house is the face, character, dream and protection for you and your descendants. The daily mood and health of you and your family and, by the way, even your neighbors directly depend on its beauty, convenience, environmental friendliness, security, quality of workmanship...

The first thing you need to answer is the question: if suddenly you or your loved ones need a medical consultation and subsequent treatment, who will you turn to: a nurse, a student doctor, or try to listen to the opinion of two or three professors, draw your own conclusions and stay treated by one of them? The choice is yours…

It's the same in construction.

It so happened historically that talent can be given by nature, but for any use of it in work you also need a lot of practical knowledge, which is given only with years of hard work. And the way the world works is that, as a rule, talented people with extensive experience in their field, confident in themselves and their knowledge, evaluate their work above average prices, or highly... With a real approach to completing a task, it turns out that really talented, experienced and At the same time, there will be only a few or dozens of decent people capable of qualitatively completing the task assigned to you from all over the city, no more than that - there won’t be enough for everyone. Moreover, this factor practically does not depend on the profession of architect or plasterer, tiler or head of a design and construction company, minister or cleaner. The percentage of talents within each profession (position) will remain the same.

So, is it more expensive to choose a specialist? No, this is only one of the selection factors. Business in our country, unfortunately, is wild. Therefore, it is possible to pay a lot and get nothing, or it is possible to pay a little and get everything.

By the way, those gentlemen who choose nurses and cheap covens from us very often find specimens that, as a result, if it does come (result), extract much more money from them than eminent professors and star design and construction companies. As a rule, they never stop stepping on the same rake. But deciphering such pricing is a separate topic for discussion.

sticker of the company, but by specific people working in this company, who in

in the future they will lead your project and be responsible for it.

The work experience of an architect or builder in this company must be at least 5 years.

It is imperative to familiarize yourself with the work already completed, not only on paper, but also

feel it in real life.

It is advisable to talk to people who already live in these ready-made houses.

If you like everything externally and are satisfied with the approximate cost of completing the project,

you can proceed to study the estimate; it should describe in detail the number of units

measurements and their price for each type of work and sections of the project and construction. In the case of

builders prefer that the estimate be drawn up not in the ESTIMATE program, but in

in a form that is understandable to you: types of work with quantities and prices, as well as materials in detail,

overhead and planning expenses, taxes... If the estimate for building a house takes one

page - you can immediately say to this contractor: “Goodbye...” If the estimate consists of

several dozen or hundreds of positions and in materials other than cement and bricks with slabs

ceilings you can find gloves, garbage bags, cutting discs, light bulbs for

temporary lighting and other mass of small things is a good sign.

You should definitely ask the Architect or Builder whether he will specifically

handle your object or entrust the management to your students and employees. If so,

then will he have enough time to control their activities? The answer to this question and its implementation is -

a matter of his decency.

It is necessary to conclude an agreement on the conduct of Author's supervision by the architect - this is

Your insurance to get results.

And it is also extremely important to have a builder who constantly works with this

an architect also for at least 5 years - when performing work in such a tandem

You won’t have showdowns when builders point their fingers at the architect, and the architect points at

builders...

More details on these issues and what to do if you still haven’t found, even at an expensive price, that one, talented and decent contractor, also in a separate topic for conversation.

The most common design errors are:

1. Design without geology and, as a consequence, choosing the wrong type of foundation

2. Incorrect location of the house on the general plan of the site in terms of geology and terrain

3. Design of the facade, and then volumetrically planning solution building , especially for inexperienced architects, it leads to inconvenience of living in such buildings.

4. Constant errors in knowledge minimum size bathrooms/units, boiler rooms, dimensions of staircases with minimum and maximum height and width of steps, number and size of ventilation ducts.

5. The very small size of the overhang and projection of the roof - because of this, in addition to the practical side of the issue, the appearance of the house suffers greatly - it looks miserable.

6. A large number of design errors in the calculations of foundations and other building structures.

7. Incorporating into the project materials that no longer exist, say from old assortments, or even from a flight of fancy. Really fulfilling any fantasy is a matter of price. Is the Customer ready for this fantasy?

8. The almost complete absence of beautiful, but technologically advanced projects that take into account the multiplicity of sizes of construction and finishing materials and structures and, as a consequence, the absence of minimum terms and costs of construction.

9. Start construction work at the design stage– parallel design and construction never leads to high-quality final product and always increases the cost of its execution.

The most common mistakes during construction are:

1. Construction of a house without a project ordered from an experienced architect and competent builders.

2.Incorrect connection of the house pit to the terrain. If the plan is incorrectly linked, problems may arise with neighbors related to the legality of the construction, drainage of surface and ground water, right angles of the walls of the future building and the rational use of the surrounding space, which may not be enough as a result to implement the plan. When a pit is not dug or dug, the issue of drainage, excessive consumption of materials, the strength of the calculated foundations and appearance future building.

2. At the stage of performing monolithic reinforced concrete work: laying reinforcement with a large step and smaller diameter, welding of power reinforcement instead of tying with wire, interruptions in the production of monolithic work, insufficient grade of concrete, uneven formwork. Here, if uneven formwork entails, at a minimum, future excess consumption of finishing materials, then, at a maximum, in combination with other listed factors, all this can no longer lead to economic losses, but to a direct threat to the life and health of people inside or near this building.

3. At the stage of performing all types of work: lack of plane on the surfaces of walls, roofs, ceilings, right angles, horizontals, verticals on walls, partitions, beams, ceilings, rows of bricks and other structures and materials...

4. When constructing walls made of bricks, the internal joints are insufficiently filled with mortar. Lack of masonry mesh in brick walls. The result is insufficient load bearing capacity such masonry, the appearance of cracks, blowing through the masonry, condensation in the winter inside the masonry or on finished surfaces, which inevitably leads to the appearance of mold inside the house and the slow destruction of the masonry itself outside the house.

5. Using metal structures– not caulking them with a solution in brickwork and leaving cold bridges when connecting to external walls, welded joints on tacks, instead of seams well welded on all sides. The consequences are minimal - the appearance of mold from condensation and the destruction of surrounding masonry or concrete. The maximum consequence is the complete collapse of tack-welded structures.

6. Use in brick partitions wooden lintels not impregnated with water-repellent agents. Rigid fixation to the mortar of the supporting parts of wooden floor beams without waterproofing treatment. During plastering and painting work, wood expands as it absorbs moisture, resulting in cracks in the partition and peeling of the plaster. In the case of floor and roof beams, too, the result may be cracks on the facade of the building, the floors on such beams may inexplicably “walk,” and the beams themselves may rot prematurely in 10-15 years.

7. Brick ventilation shafts and chimneys are uneven and not sized according to the design. The consequences are poor traction, constant cleaning of the mines.

8. Making stairs with different heights and widths of steps that are not parallel to each other, incorrect proportion of the size of the staircase opening in the floor slab to the height of the floor of the house. The result is always the same - difficulty going up and down such stairs and bumps on the head best case scenario, it’s better not to think about the worst...

9. Insufficient fastening of mauerlats and rafter beams to load-bearing walls and roof truss structures. The result is that the roof of the house is blown away by a strong wind, along with the brick wall of one or two gables.

10.The most common mistake when installing a warm attic roof, literally on every second house, is laying vapor barrier or wind barrier material on the wrong side, which leads to condensation falling inside the roof in winter and pouring into the room on the upper floor. Insufficient height of the ventilation ducts and chimney exit from the roof, lack of an “otter” on them. The consequence is a lack of draft under changing weather conditions and the flow of precipitation under the roof through the junction of ventilation shafts and chimneys with the roof structure.

11. Illiterate execution of junctions of walls, roofs, ventilation ducts and chimneys, roof breaks - to each other and to each other.

12.Illiterate execution of internal and external utility networks: depth of water supply and sewerage pipes, slope sewer pipe, absence of sleeves in the passages of power structures, non-parallel enclosing structures without vertical and horizontal and mutually intersecting installation of wires, cables, pipes... All this leads to temporary or permanent failure of any engineering networks.

Why is this happening? Apparently:

1. From illiteracy of both the customer and the contractor (ignorance of a different result)

2. From disrespect for yourself and others and a lack of desire to learn anything or change for the better, making even the slightest effort to do so...

When hiring young architects or construction workers to our company, I always try, in addition to explanations and training - “how to do it and what not to do,” to inspire everyone that any work must be done, as if they were doing it for themselves, without forgetting all the wishes of the customer. But here’s a paradox: what does the phrase “for yourself” mean to a person who doesn’t respect himself? On our television we often see programs about various dilapidated housing and some of the people living in it. Those who seem to be healthy, with children and living parents, sometimes educated and not without work, but they live for years in their apartment and watch how pieces of plaster fall on their bed and head, how the walls mold and crack, how a clogged sewer flows, instead of to go and buy a bag of plaster, a bucket of lime, a piece of tin and roofing felt and do it for yourself, not forgetting to ask the housing department in writing what they are paying money for, but no...

We need to change this situation somehow. And you can change it - by thinking and making an effort all together.

For those who are going to build their first house, but don’t know how it’s possible and how it’s not possible, I recommend, before starting the search for an Architect and Builders, to go once again not to Egypt and Turkey, but to Germany, Holland, Switzerland, Belgium, Austria... Rent there car with a navigator, note for yourself the main attractions you need to visit, including a couple of “outlets” and try to get off the highway as often as possible to small towns and villages where tourists are not taken. Modern and old European houses and houses, their quality of life, will help you to a large extent understand what you want and how to do it, and what not to do. And then an experienced Architect and Builder will help you form and realize your desires and thoughts on this topic, bringing your interesting ideas...

Almost every city dweller dreams of one day building and moving into a country cottage, or at least a small house away from the noise and bustle. Not every dreamer makes it from a dream to making it a reality. After all, design and construction country house- this is a huge undertaking that requires a lot of time, financial, and moral costs.

It’s no secret that in order to do something well, you need to understand it well theoretically, and be able to put this theory into practice just as well. In the case of designing a house, the situation is similar: there will be good project and its corresponding implementation in practice - you will get an excellent durable house that meets all the requirements. There will be no quality work in these areas - at best, everything will result in long-term construction with restructuring, alterations, hassle, etc.

How to proceed to make a high-quality house project, which will subsequently be realized into a dream home? The article will point out the most common mistakes when designing a country house, which should be avoided when designing, and give a number of useful tips.

Neglect of experience

The main misconception is that error-free construction is possible without a project, based on the builders’ own experience and knowledge. A less common mistake, but still a mistake, is the reluctance to order a project from professional architects. Many future owners of a country house are guided by the following logic: “Why should I pay money for a project? I’m pretty good at construction myself.” Such a judgment rarely justifies itself and subsequently leads to sad consequences. Even if a person understands a lot about construction, it is not always possible to create a fully working turnkey project and take into account all the nuances and pitfalls.
When designing a house you need to consider a large number of nuances. Here are just a few of them:

• What is the site where construction will take place?
• What will the wind rose be?
• What is the groundwater level?
• What is the soil composition of the soil?
• What is the humidity of the area?
• What is the best way to deliver and store building materials?

It is necessary to find the only correct answer to these and many other questions, otherwise problems will arise during the construction and operation of the house.
Mistakes will hurt your wallet and delay the delivery of the project more and more.

The second mistake in this series is the desire to “push” the design of a private house onto the builders and completely trust their vision of the situation. The result will also be disastrous, because designing and building are not the same thing. It's very difficult to be an expert in both of these areas.

Homemade project

A common mistaken situation is an attempt to assemble successful, liked solutions from several freely distributed ones standard projects into one. Consequence - errors in architectural and constructive solutions, when choosing materials.

The plans and drawings used in some projects will not necessarily work in others. The most common reason is the difference in materials. The consequence of the “hodgepodge” in the project is a number of errors that pop up at different stages of the design. Let's look at the most common ones.

Neglect of topography and detailed study of the site

A comprehensive study of the construction site, its in-depth analysis is very important stage design. Ignoring it, there are risks of improper placement of the house and auxiliary buildings - and most of the distances between them are regulated. It is necessary to take into account not only the parameters of your site, but also to link it with neighboring ones.

It is extremely important to determine the location of the main building and additional structures relative to the cardinal directions. A properly located house will be well lit with natural light and will not interfere with neighboring houses. You also need to take into account the wind rose so that the most vulnerable parts of the house do not suffer, and eliminate damage from precipitation.

Ignoring geological surveys

Unstudied soil and groundwater levels are the main cause of destruction of the finished foundation. Otherwise, unnecessary reinsurance is laid down, and as a result, financial overruns. After all, the foundation of a house depends not only on the material of the walls. First of all, based on the type of soil and soil saturation groundwater the foundation type will be selected. Even an incorrectly calculated foundation height leads to excessive exposure to moisture on the wall materials. Cracks may also appear.

Consequences of replacing materials.

Replacing materials originally chosen for construction also leads to unnecessary financial and time expenditure. It leads to deviations from the original project, which rarely ends without negative consequences. This usually entails a chain reaction in the form of redoing construction work at other, often earlier stages. As a consequence, there is an inevitable delay in deadlines.

Very often, the choice of materials is based on their availability in a particular region, and their unreasonable replacement can lead to the fact that construction will drag on for many months, only because the necessary materials are not available, and delivery times are measured in months.

Therefore, you initially need to study the building materials market and choose the optimal price/quality ratio. Check availability and delivery times, make inquiries about the companies, how long it has been on the market and what reviews there are about the work. Timely delivery of high-quality building materials without defects is a guarantee that construction stages will be completed on time, provided that the work is carried out by qualified builders.

Example of material replacement

Let's say that during construction a decision was made to deviate from the project and change the roofing material - corrugated sheets to metal tiles. The stage of construction work in this case is precisely the roofing work. The materials are basically similar, but what could be the catch?

The thing is that the pitch of the sheathing for the profiled sheet is selected within 35-40 cm. And the pitch of the sheathing for metal tiles strictly depends on its model, or more precisely on the wavelength - this is also within 30-40 cm. But where is the guarantee that it will it match exactly? Alteration of the finished sheathing is very likely. And this is the most “harmless” example chosen, where there are no spoiled materials left.

The conclusion from this suggests the following: it is extremely undesirable to resort to replacing materials so as not to have to redo anything. It is better to spend time at the design stage and carefully plan what materials and in what quantity will be used for each stage of construction.

Is planning the last thing?

The planning of premises should also be done at the design stage, and not when the house is already being built. The living comfort of future residents depends on the proper placement of rooms, corridors, stairs, entrances and exits, the location of walls and windows. IN country house it is necessary to have premises that would fully satisfy the needs of each resident for rest, leisure, work, cooking and other things.

At the planning stage, the first thing you need to do is zoning the total area into residential and utility. Living areas include all premises in which residents and guests of the house spend their rest and leisure time: hallway, vestibule, living rooms, restroom and bathroom. The utility part includes premises that have an auxiliary function: kitchen, boiler room, laundry, garage, pantry, workshop. Also at the planning stage you need to take into account the following nuances: dimensions and shape of rooms, room materials, presence of a boiler room, garage, number and size of windows, number and type of bathrooms, number of entrances and much more.

Omissions in planning will invariably lead to a deterioration in the level of comfort of the occupants and the overall functionality of the home.

Next, it is important to decide on the location of the rooms in relation to communications: gas, water supply, sewerage. “Wet” rooms - bathrooms - should be located as close as possible to communications. Otherwise, it will be necessary to pull the water supply and sewerage pipes at a certain angle to a greater distance than necessary. Consequences? With hidden installation, the layer of screed will inevitably increase, and following this, the height of the room will decrease. When open, the sewer pipes will “lie” unreasonably high from the floor level. Those. again, a negative result is obtained in the form of excessive consumption of materials and a decrease in the volume or usable area of ​​residential premises.

Subsequent adjustments

Any adjustments to the project after the start of construction are unsettling. They arise due to errors and miscalculations in the original project. The worst thing is when these adjustments are significant and it takes a lot of effort to do all the necessary steps properly. Let's look at a few examples for clarity.

Initially, one entrance to the house was planned. But as construction progressed, an urgent need arose to make another one in addition to the main entrance - an auxiliary one. But to do it, you need to analyze the square footage of the house more than once and find best option for implementation. What if work is already underway? Result: to ignore is undesirable, to implement is fraught with alterations. But the need and justification for an additional input is elementary:

• Desire to use the additional entrance for business needs.
• Separation of the functionality of the main and additional input.
• Designing an additional entrance for security reasons.

Another example. Initially it was planned to place the kitchen in one place, but later it was decided to remodel and place the kitchen in another place in the house. As a result, it is necessary to transfer communications (electrical, plumbing, ventilation) to a new room. Which is also expensive, time-consuming and costly.

Both situations are “not pleasant.” However, both examples refer to the layout of the house. It is difficult to imagine the consequences of the “interweaving” of such events from the beginning to the completion of construction.

To get a high-quality country house project, you need to fulfill the following conditions:

1. To clearly formulate your needs, independently study information about construction on specialized sites and forums. In the future, this contributes to understanding the correctness of the technical decisions made.
2. Find a good, proven designer - a person or company with a “reputation”.
3. There is no need to follow the lead of familiar designers and builders who seem to understand the processes, but have no real development experience. They will “learn as they go” and strive to simplify the project as much as possible so that it is easier to implement. The logical result is a noticeable lack of functionality, and errors are also possible.

Those who like to play it safe can be advised not to idealize the project performers. No matter how honored and experienced they are, an outside perspective will never hurt.

Well, the main condition is to work conscientiously and put your soul into the project, then the result will exceed all expectations and will delight you for many years!