Import substitution is an excellent alternative to develop a certain branch of production, thereby increasing trade in Russia. The list of goods and the minutes of the government meeting for small businesses can be reviewed on the official website, but we can say with confidence that on this moment The import substitution program has officially begun its work.

The government commission held a presentation, which presented ways to solve the problem of supplying a particular product. A specialized strategy will help bring the country to a different level of import-export ratio. Prospects for development are already visible at the moment.

Period economic crisis gave a new impetus and an opportunity to change relations with other countries, having won success in the market of other states. The share of imports in the market in Russia has always occupied a dominant position. In St. Petersburg, Chelyabinsk region, in the Altai Territory, in the Tyumen Region, production is actively developing. Andrei Rogachev actively confirms this.

Import substitution Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation

First of all, import substitution as a stimulus factor domestic production was established in the early 2000s. This led to the expansion of goods and services that were not previously seen on the territory of the Russian Federation. Crocus Expo in mechanical engineering is not the last place. Ural dumplings have released a number of videos that demonstrate the situation in the country. Areas affected by the resolution and the cluster commission:

• 1. In tourism
• 2. In agriculture
• 3. Gazprom
• 4. In the radio electronic field and topics
• 5. In construction
• 6. Lenexpo
• 7. Heavy industry.

For each of these categories, the government made a special decision according to the rules and deductions. Import in production replaced the main branch of the sale of goods. Sanctions have imposed some bans on certain types of products. But we can say with confidence that it is an excellent motivation to stimulate domestic production.

Politics, government program

The state program includes several stages, among which there are pluses and minuses. The sale of Russian-made medicines began at the beginning of this year. The localization of the import center is also taking place in the very center of the capital. Of course, if we take into account the regions, then the situation there is extremely difficult. The import is destructive. The most important decision in the implementation of this problem was the support of various enterprises, namely the introduction of special measures that could accompany the increase in Russian production. To date, the state is actively using this program and displays the main sub-items that are needed in the first place. Goods and examples of foreign services have not been in demand for a long time. This will bring the Russian market to a qualitatively new level. According to some experts, the systematic observance of the stages of the program in the future will be able to reduce the consumption of goods from other countries, significantly reducing dependence.

Import substitution in Russia 2018 list of products

As a result of import substitution in Russia, a list of products was developed that, according to experts, may well displace imported production:

• 1. Meat - pork and beef. With the exception of poultry, this type of food is the second largest supply. By replacing the lion's share of the consumed product with a domestic product, the country will be able to maintain consumer demand by reducing import costs from other countries
• 2. Different kinds oils. To date, the amount of deliveries from abroad is about 20 percent. This is an impressive figure, by reducing which you can significantly reduce costs, decisions and ideas.
• 3. Cheese and dairy products. By 2020 by special program a complete rejection of imported products of this type of consumption is predicted.

Import substitution in agriculture

Import substitution conditions affected and Agriculture. Thus, domestic supplies of grain crops have been increased, and it is also planned to import products of this industry in an expanded volume. It will also actively reduce costs and increase revenue. In addition, it is impossible not to notice the increase in the number of jobs. In the future, the replacement of domestic production by 80 percent.

In mechanical engineering

If we touch on such an area as mechanical engineering, not everything is so rosy here. Development is much slower, but in the right and competent ways. In the beginning, it is necessary to purchase equipment that will allow the production of models of improved quality and corruption. According to government forecasts, this improvement is expected by the end of this year. After that, it will be possible to talk about large-scale production.

Import substitution of software in Russia 2018

ZHANNA MARTYNOVA
CREATOR AND MANAGER OF IAK VVS

Import substitution. Where to begin?

Today, the word "import substitution" is one of the most used in the media, the Internet, business forums and government meetings at various levels. The problem is well known and not easy.

It’s not easy, and here’s why: the very imports that need to be replaced don’t feel at all in the best way. The volumes of imported products have been greatly reduced and dropped to the level of five years ago, in 2010.

Dynamics of Import to the Russian Federation 2010-2015

And if so, then there is a risk of reducing demand for imported goods even more. And how, under such conditions, to start construction for the production of analogues of imports? While we are building, you look, and there will be nothing to replace!

Therefore, if you decide on such a heroic deed, then you need to be sure that under no circumstances will the demand for imports disappear, that it will be stable, and even better - growing, stable and lasting. This also happens, and we specialize in the search for such phenomena.

Now you will be able to detect these phenomena too. Independently and quickly. But more on that at the end of the article!

We, on the other hand, select cases of prolonged and active growth in imports every quarter, form the bulletins “200 the best goods for import substitution”, and at the same time we observe - for which goods the volume of imports at least does not decrease. There are hundreds of such items.

Let's see from the latest data, according to the results of the 1st quarter of 2016, from which countries the growing imports mainly come. It is not difficult to guess that goods from China come with a huge margin from all others: mobile phones, video cameras, dishes and much, much more. The market of office rubber bands alone is worth something. Direct deliveries go to 17 regions of Russia, growth has been observed for 7 months, volumes have grown over the last quarter compared to last year by 85% and amounted to $ 1.3 million. In second place is Germany. Here are whose manufacturers will have to be ousted.

And now let's see in which product areas the growing import markets are most present.

Structure of the TOP-200 goods for import substitution by industry, Q1 2016

If a little more detailed, then in the equipment such goods as Chinese store scales, German compressors for refrigerators, American pumps are found. The growing import of German equipment for poultry farming and Italian equipment for paper and cardboard production is a happy fact. So somewhere, someone is building and creating something. And these enthusiasts will not be superfluous to know that in Khakassia, Moscow and the Moscow Region, the import of the same cardboard and paper continues to grow.

Among the growing textile imports are traditionally Chinese faux jackets and coats. In electrical engineering: capacitors, insulating fittings, DC motors and much more. In special equipment - Czech rollers and Chinese mowers.

Let's talk separately about the food industry and consumer goods. Not very pleased with the appearance of a significant number of tobacco positions. As if everyone began to cope with the crisis, taking up Brazilian or American tobacco. It is hardly worth choosing these markets for import substitution. We will not dwell on wines and hops for beer either. There is an increase in coffee imports, but here the process of import substitution is already underway. Noteworthy imports of juices and especially cranberry juice. It has been growing for 16 months already, although the market is still small, for the time being 0.5 million per quarter.

The trend - the record holder among food products in terms of its duration - is the import of frozen Pacific salmon fillet (TN VED code 304 810 000). For 24 months now, our compatriots have been using this product at a growing pace, ignoring the crisis. A holy place is never empty. And such a place in return for the one that fell under the embargo was taken by the Chilean fillet. Moreover, the increase in imports compared to 1 sq. 2016 amounted to 188% and was expressed in the figure of 3434.3 thousand dollars. But the import of goose and turkey eggs, which has been growing for 24 months, is already the most import substitution. These eggs are imported for incubation. So geese and turkeys in the Penza region are already obtained by their own, local ones, albeit from French eggs.

A new trend of the last six months is the growing import of various B vitamins. Manufacturers are pharmacists from the same China and Germany. The surviving trend is the import of daffodils and tulips, the eternal trend is Italian bags and cosmetic bags. Incidentally, the multi-month growth in imports of cosmetic cotton swabs and tampons, also mainly of Italian production, was very curious. Agree, this is not for you to produce machines. True, in this quarter, its pace is already much lower.

If we talk about trends - record-breaking in terms of their growth, then goods that have increased the volume of deliveries by five or more times have excelled!!! These include Swiss syringes and American mortars. Would each of us like to expand five times during a crisis like this? Dried apricots (mainly of Turkish origin) showed a good growth - the increase was 266%. Most of all they are loved in St. Petersburg. And, by the way, they can grow in Adygea.

But about this a little more.

For several quarters in a row, we have included in our selection such an item as trees, shrubs and nuts. The main sending country is Italy, and the main recipient is Adygea. This topic is again an example of import substitution, or rather, the creation of the largest apple orchard in Russia. So soon in the supermarket we will buy not Polish, but our apples and at the same time of excellent quality. But it is better to see once how it all happened than to hear it many times. So I suggest you take a look:

Full story, 10 minutes

or short version, 3 minutes

For Russia, real import substitution (not industrial assembly from foreign components) is a good chance to implement the diversification of the economy, end oil and gas dependence and switch to the production of technological products with high added value. What has already been done in terms of replacing imported goods with domestic ones? In what sectors is it effective to involve small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) in import substitution?

Made by us: fashion or necessity

For the past 20 years, Russia has been shaping a resource-based economy: it increased its exports of mineral products and metals (75.5% in 2000, 81.1% in 2014 in total exports), imported more and more vital goods. For the period 2000-2014, the volume of imported products increased by 8.4 times.

by the most rapidly imports grew in the following categories:

• food and consumer goods;
• agricultural machinery, machine tools and equipment;
• cars, passenger and transport airliners;
• medicines;
• new technologies;
• products for the military-industrial complex.

As a result, Russia has short-sightedly fallen into dependence on exporting countries and their policies. The security of the country was under threat: food, social, economic, financial, military. Based on world practice, import substitution is expedient for optimizing the structure of the economy and developing strategic industries. If implemented effectively.

Overcoming dependence on imports in Russia is launched "from above" at each turn of a series of crises. The reason is simple - decreasing purchasing power ruble, the country is not able to import in the same volumes what it does not produce and what it needs. The last global economic hole is weighed down by anti-Russian sanctions. This activated the government, forcing them to move from words to developing a strategy - creating import substitution programs in Russia until 2020.

The share of Russian imports for various sectors of the economy is extremely high today. For example, the country imports components: for heavy engineering - 70%, civil aircraft - 80%. In the oil and gas industry, 60% of foreign-made equipment is used, in the energy sector - 50%.

Chronicles of the fight against imports in documents

The authorities were puzzled with the issue of food security back in 2012. One of the goals of the State Program for the Development of Agriculture for 2013-2020 is import substitution. In other sectors, the process was launched by the introduction of Western sanctions.

In 2015, import substitution started in the most important areas of the real sector. Work is carried out simultaneously in two directions: stimulation of the national industry and restrictive and prohibitive measures on imports. The devaluation of the ruble also contributes, naturally shifting the focus of companies to the purchase of domestic products.

Import substitution is the reduction or cessation of imports of certain goods by launching own production similar goods.

The most promising for import substitution are the following industries:

• machine tool industry (according to various estimates, the share of imports in consumption is more than 90%),
• heavy engineering (60-80%),
• light industry (70-90%),
• electronic industry (80-90%),
• pharmaceutical,
• medical industry (70-80%),
• mechanical engineering for the food industry (60-80%).

Import substitution in these and other industries is possible only if there are adequate free production capacities and competitive enterprises that can offer quality products at market prices.

In the long term, reducing import dependence is possible through innovation and stimulation of investment in technical industries and the creation of new industries.

Opinion: It is impossible not to notice the country's huge successes in the field of agriculture and the food industry. Think about it - in the 90s we received humanitarian aid, people were starving. And now we are the first in the export of wheat.

Chicken, pork, for some time now beef - the country is completely self-sufficient. Turkish tomatoes were banned, everyone immediately noticed that it turned out that we had excellent vegetables from Rostov - much tastier than any foreign ones. By the way, Turkey is raising agriculture on its territory by banning the import of fruits and vegetables from other countries - and no claims against them.

Pasta - even Italians who know a lot about this consider products from Russia to be of very high quality.

There is a problem with cheese. For several years it has advanced, but there is work to be done here.

As for clothes, the same Ivanovo sews a full range: yes, there are questions about styles, fashion, but the quality is higher than what is massively brought from abroad.

Unfortunately, there are failures in the field of high technology, robotics, biotechnology - at least this is noticeable based on the analysis of the press.

Another positive: according to statistics for the summer of 17, the production of medicines has significantly increased.

According to the Ministry of Industry and Trade, if a well-thought-out policy of import substitution is implemented by 2020, one can count on a decrease in import dependence in various industries from the level of 70-90% to the level of 50-60%. And in a number of industries, it is possible to reach lower rates.

Being an open country, integrated into the international economic system, It is difficult for Russia to produce a whole range of goods, due to the fact that these goods produced in our country will be more expensive. This is criticized, since Russia has oil, electricity is cheaper than many of its neighbors, the level of salaries is not high - there are all conditions to develop their industry and agriculture.

A great danger is that for the oil industry a significant part of the components and services for servicing equipment and wells is provided by foreign companies. In the event of their demarche, the level of oil production will fall. But replacement measures are being taken, including, judging by the media, joint measures with other oil-producing countries.

Definitely, after more than 20 years of an exclusively raw-material nature of the economy, when we sell metals, oil, fertilizer gas, and import almost all vital products, it is very difficult to quickly reorganize on new tracks and start producing many goods on our own. though market economy, ask a large number of entrepreneurs solve this problem (the situation was similar after the war with artels).

The state creates special sectoral funds that support large enterprises operating in the field of substitution.

What was the reason for the import substitution program

The sanctions restrictions of Western countries have affected the supply in the field of the military-industrial and fuel and energy complexes and new technologies. Russia has restricted the import of a number of food products from countries that have imposed sanctions.

Such a big state as Russia cannot be dependent on other countries. During the period of instability in the 90s, the country's leadership, while solving current problems, could not operate with plans for the future. Now strategic forecasts are being built for decades to come, the weaknesses of the economy are being calculated.

The discourse of socialism has been raised. Society became keenly interested in the economy and ways of the country.

It cannot be said that the reason for import substitution is only sanctions and tense relations with several countries (note that we are talking about only a few countries, albeit very developed ones). Opportunities arose, the country rethought itself, its place. Yes, something will be more expensive (now almost any product in any country will be more expensive than in China, India), but we cannot help but produce our own.

Import substitution in the food industry

• Vegetable preserves. Astrakhan Canning Company. Astrakhan region.
• Desserts. "Makfa" Ltd. Chelyabinsk region.
• Telapia fish. "Fish Complex". Astrakhan region.
• Salmon. Murmanrybvod. Murmansk region.
• Whey processing. "Lianozovsky Dairy Plant". Moscow city.
• Semi-hard cheese with blue mold. Tbilisi Butter and Cheese Plant. Tbilisi
• Cheese. Cheese factory "Russian parmesan". Moscow region.
• Sunflower oil. Agrofirm "Rus" Belgorod region.
• Lysine. Agroholding Yubileiny. Tyumen region.
• Coffee. Network of filling stations "Gazpromneft". Moscow region.
• Meat products. Meat processing complex. Mordovia.
• Meat. Breeding farm "Ladoga". Leningrad region.
• Chicken meat, egg. OOO "Poultry farm "Vladimirskaya" Astrakhan region.
• Trout caviar. Trout farm "Adler". Adler

Exhibition Import Substitution

The exhibition is based on collective expositions of Russian regions, which will be presented by enterprises, organizations and departments involved in the production of import-substituting products. The Moscow region is represented by both individual cities and enterprises. However, it was interesting to see what the regions are doing.

Ryazan Oblast.


Voronezh region.


Vologodskaya Oblast.


The Lipetsk region is very bright, representative, one of the best stands.


Altai Territory - this stand is always surrounded by attention - is also very representative and interesting.


Tula region.


The Krasnodar Territory is stylish, noticeable.

Further our small sketch on separate stands.


Motherboards of domestic production and information security systems.


Snowmobiles.


Something incredibly large and powerful, and even with a boat motor in the back.


We dig everything.


Solutions for mobile trading.


The medicine.

The problem of import substitution, that is, replacement with Russian market of foreign-made goods by domestic ones is not new and is periodically raised, including by the country's leadership. First of all, import substitution is associated with the solution of one of the main tasks of the Russian economy - its diversification. However, the authorities made an attempt to develop a coherent policy only after the imposition of sanctions. Thus, the need to overcome the critical dependence on foreign technologies and industrial products was discussed in the message of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly at the end of 2014. Use the situation emerging in connection with sanctions to reach new frontiers of development President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin also called during the "direct line" in April of this year.

Currently, according to government estimates, the share of imports in various sectors of the economy is extremely high. For example, Russia imports more than 80% of components in civil aircraft construction, about 70% in heavy engineering, 60% in oil and gas equipment, about 50% in power equipment, and from 50% to 90% in agricultural engineering, depending on the product category. parts, etc.

Anti-crisis measures for 2015 in new internet version GARANT systems. Take advantage of free access for 3 days!

There is a popular opinion that the difficult moments for the Russian economy, associated with a decrease in foreign demand for raw materials supplied by Russia and the natural devaluation of the ruble, are a kind of window of opportunity for the development of domestic industry and deepening import substitution. However, despite a number of "successful" moments in this sense - these are, for example, the crises of 1998 and 2008, the state did not take full advantage of them. This problem is periodically raised at various levels. Yes, in 2011 Dmitry Medvedev, who at that time held the post of President of the Russian Federation, at a meeting with representatives of small businesses in the Penza region, spoke about the inefficiency of the import substitution program in force at that time.

OPINION

Vladislav Korochkin, Vice-President of the All-Russian Public Organization of Small and Medium Enterprises "OPORA RUSSIA":

"Plans for the implementation of import substitution in Russia can be implemented if the price of domestic products is competitive. This was facilitated to a certain extent by the devaluation of the ruble that occurred at the end of last year: domestic products have significantly fallen in price compared to similar ones produced abroad. However, the devaluation works for import substitution It is necessary to use as actively as possible other mechanisms to reduce the cost of products, such as reducing non-production, administrative costs (excessive requirements for businesses in obtaining public services, mandatory payments, etc.) and increasing competition in the domestic market. , manufacturers themselves, before proceeding directly to production, must adequately analyze the market (and not only domestic, but also global, if we want to truly develop the industry), so that the products find their buyer and take defined niche without the use of administrative levers".

From words to deeds - a whole mile

As part of the course announced by the country's leadership towards import substitution, the first acts have already been adopted. In April 2014, the Cabinet approved new edition state program Russian Federation"Development of industry and increasing its competitiveness" (). One of the main objectives of the state program, designed until 2020, is to reduce the share of imports of products, including those used by domestic manufacturers, into our country.

A month later, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a list of instructions on additional stimulus measures economic growth, including import substitution in industry and agriculture. In pursuance of the instructions of the President, the government prepared a Plan to promote import substitution in industry. At the end of 2014, an import substitution program in agriculture was approved ().

Financial assistance to import substitution

The allocation of funds to support import substitution takes the form of subsidizing and co-financing research, as well as providing grants and preferences in public procurement.

So, in the fall of 2014, the government adopted a program to support investment projects implemented in Russia on the basis of project financing (). This program was developed with the aim of increasing the volume of lending to organizations in the real sector of the economy for long-term and preferential terms.

Within the framework of the program, only projects selected as a result of the competition, implemented until 2018 in certain sectors of the economy, are financed:

• Agriculture;
• manufacturing industry;
• chemical production;
• mechanical engineering;
• housing construction;
• transport;
• communications and telecommunications;
• energy.

In accordance with the terms of the program, state financial support is received by investment projects worth from 1 billion to 20 billion rubles. The borrower will have to pay at least 20% of the project cost himself. The borrower is provided with a target loan by an authorized bank in rubles at 9% per annum. Moreover, the funds spent by banks to provide loans will be reimbursed by the Bank of Russia. At the moment, 10 Russian credit organizations and international financial institutions- their list can be found on the official website of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia. Interest rate for a loan is calculated according to the following formula: 6.5% - the refinancing rate of loans for investment projects determined by the Bank of Russia () + 2.5%. The first component may subsequently be set in a different amount, which means that the conditions for financing entrepreneurs may change.

An important condition of the program is the requirement to locate the production site of the project being implemented in Russia.

It also provides for the provision of state guarantees for loans issued under the program. Guarantees are given for loans issued for a period of three to 20 years, in the amount of up to 25% of the borrower's obligations. The total amount of funds allocated for these purposes in the current year is 60 billion rubles (clause 8 of section 1.1 of Appendix 39 to Federal Law No. 384-FZ of December 1 "").

In the register of selected investment projects already hit:

A similar measure of financial support for import substitution was the allocation by the government, at the expense of federal budget targeted loans to enterprises implementing import substitution projects. Since August 2014, the Industrial Development Fund has been operating, the task of which is to finance projects at the pre-production stage. True, its budget is not so large: 20 billion rubles, despite the fact that, according to the fund, from January to April 2015, more than 800 applications were received for a total amount of about 280 billion rubles. from different companies. The Fund provides industrial enterprises a loan for a period of five to seven years at a rate of 5% per annum. Borrowing companies must meet a number of requirements:

• have a positive credit history;
• loan amount must be secured net assets the applicant or the security provided, for example, a bank guarantee;
• the funded project should be aimed at the introduction of advanced technologies, the creation of new products or the organization of import-substituting industries.

Cannot get a loan from the fund foreign companies, and companies with offshore "registration", with the exception of companies that have received the status of a national manufacturer and have entered into a special investment contract.

New to Russian law the concept of "special investment contract" contains the Federal Law "On industrial policy in the Russian Federation "(). Such a contract is a form of cooperation between investors and the state wishing to create, modernize or master the production of certain industrial products in Russia. At the same time, the authorities undertake to provide investors tax incentives and benefits for the payment of customs duties, as well as guarantees against adverse changes in the current legislation during the term of the contract.

It is not yet possible to assess the real effect of such a partnership, since the relevant norms will come into force only from July 1, 2015. However, there is reason to believe that investing relations between the producer and the state in a similar form will give b O greater confidence in the success of such projects than, for example, public-private partnerships by creating conditions for stability legal regulation.

At the same time, the list of tools to support projects in the field of import substitution is planned to be expanded. According to Arkady Dvorkovich, their full complex will be developed by July 1 this year. So, at the end of May, the government decided to submit to the State Duma a proposal to reduce tax burden for newly created enterprises for the production of goods (Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 22, 2015 No. 926-r). The bill proposes to give the subjects of the Russian Federation the right to reduce taxes for participants in regional investment projects by reducing corporate income tax to 10% in terms of tax received by the regional budget, and to 0% in terms of tax received by the federal budget.

In addition to direct support for enterprises, it is planned to introduce special measures stimulating import substitution, including through state and municipal purchases. Thus, the government quite actively uses the right to restrict the purchase of goods originating from foreign countries.

The purchases of certain types of foreign-made goods are limited, such as medical products, engineering and light industry goods, as well as goods purchased for the purposes of national defense (,).

The Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia has high hopes for standardization as a tool for import substitution in public procurement. Corresponding amendments to the legislation on the contract system are under consideration in the State Duma. It is planned to clarify the rules for describing the object of procurement in such a way that, in their implementation, priority is given to products that meet national standards.

Import substitution in real time

In pursuance of the January anti-crisis plan() in April of this year, the Ministry of Industry and Trade, the Ministry of Communications, the Ministry of Transport and the Ministry of Energy of Russia developed 19 sectoral import substitution programs for the coming years. As part of the prepared programs, events are planned in such industries as:

• pharmaceutical industry ();
• heavy engineering ();
• software ()
• aircraft industry ();
• shipbuilding (), etc.

As reported at a briefing following the government meeting in early April this year, Deputy Prime Minister Arkady Dvorkovich, within the framework of these programs, it is planned to implement a total of approximately 2.5 thousand projects. The director of the Investment and Innovation Promotion Department of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation adds that the implementation of these programs will allow even in the most sensitive sectors, for example, machine tool building, to reduce import dependence from the current 88% to 40% by 2020. The implementation of these measures will require 159 billion rubles. budget funds. However, it is planned that in the 20-year perspective this will serve to attract revenues to the budget in the amount of up to 2.2 trillion rubles. (an increase of 13.6 times).

USEFUL TOOLS

Interpretation of legal or economic term can be found in the GARANT system. To do this, you need to call the tab with a list of terms of the explanatory dictionary (F12) and enter the appropriate query, for example, "import substitution". For a term encountered while reading a document, you can call up a dictionary by selecting the desired fragment (or hovering over a single word) and calling the "Find in explanatory dictionary"by pressing the right mouse button.

Complains about the shortcomings of the legal regulation of the import substitution policy in the pharmaceutical industry general manager Association of Russian Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Victor Dmitriev. At the same time, he emphasizes, the domestic pharmaceutical industry has actually been working in this direction for many years, reproducing copies of original medicines. So, any so-called generic (generic drug) is a repetition of the original drug, usually of imported origin. Therefore, import substitution for pharmaceuticals, according to the expert, is a daily, routine work, and there are no fundamental novelties in this matter. At the same time, Viktor Dmitriev notes a problem similar to the one that has developed in the software market: organizing the production of a drug is not as difficult in itself as bringing the created drug to the market. Back in September last year, the government posted for public discussion a draft resolution, which the industry calls "the third - superfluous": on limiting the participation of suppliers of imported drugs in budget auctions if there are two or more participants offering domestic drugs. However, the project has not yet progressed beyond the project.

In addition, according to Viktor Dmitriev, the existing registration procedures require improvements. For example, despite the fact that it is not necessary to register pharmaceutical substances, the law requires them to be included in State Register medicines (clause 2, part 1, article 33 federal law dated April 12, 2010 No. 61-FZ ""), which is actually a repetition of the registration procedure. Therefore, Russian drug manufacturers lose out to foreign competitors who enter the market with a ready-made drug and are not required to enter the substance in its composition into the register.

The Russian software development industry is rightfully considered one of the dynamically developing sectors of the domestic economy. A number of Russian software products are consistently in demand not only in neighboring countries, but also in the global market. This is the merit of the state. So, since 2011, software developers have been paying insurance premiums in a reduced amount (, Federal Law of July 24, 2009 No. 212-FZ "On insurance premiums in Pension Fund Russian Federation, Fund social insurance Russian Federation, Federal Fund for Mandatory health insurance").

After almost a year, the relevant draft laws and regulations were prepared. In general, it is expected to reduce dependence on foreign software by making the state order market more accessible to domestic companies. The proposed projects imply the maximum restriction of the ability to purchase foreign software, unless there are no domestic analogues of the necessary programs, or if the existing one does not meet the requirements of the customer. In this case, customers will have to justify their choice in favor of foreign software in order to Russian developers were informed about the needs of the market. At the same time, it is supposed to recognize the software as domestic if it was entered by the Ministry of Communications of Russia into the appropriate register.

It was not possible to get comments on the implementation of import substitution programs from representatives of the aviation and shipbuilding industries of the editors of the GARANT.RU portal.

Pace without quality is not pace, but profanity

At the end of April, the government established the Autonomous non-profit organization "Russian system quality "(). Member of the interdepartmental working group on the creation of the Russian quality system Elena Saratseva explained to the portal GARANT.RU, the Russian quality system is being created in order to promote the domestic and foreign markets Russian goods high quality, as well as increasing confidence in Russian products. The Cabinet of Ministers on its official website notes that, among other things, the Russian quality system should serve to solve the problem of import substitution. In addition to the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia, the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, Rosstandart, the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation, the All-Russian Public Organization of Small and Medium Business "OPORA RUSSIA" and other public and scientific organizations and associations.

It is planned that goods for testing in laboratories accredited by ANO Roskachestvo will be purchased at retail outlets in Russia. The test results will be published in the public domain on the official website of Roskachestvo.

Products that have successfully passed the voluntary certification procedure will be awarded the Russian Quality Mark. At the same time, certification of products for obtaining will be completely free for manufacturers. The right to label products with the Quality Mark will be issued for a period of two or three years (depending on the product category), after which the product can again undergo voluntary certification by Roskachestvo. Moreover, in case of complaints from the population about the quality of products that received the Russian Quality Mark, unscheduled inspections of these products will be carried out. If information about non-compliance with quality or localization requirements is confirmed, then the right to use the Quality Mark for such goods will be revoked.

The organization is funded from the federal budget, adds Elena Saratseva, which ensures the independence of research and certification. Already this year, Roskachestvo will carry out rolling research of products in 30 categories. The sample of each study will include b O Most of the products presented in each category (up to 50 samples). It is assumed that the first Quality Marks will be awarded this year.

Protective measures: back side medals

At the same time, protective measures, despite their obvious benefits for domestic producers, can also carry hidden threats to the economy. For example, the embargo on the import of food products into our country from countries that supported anti-Russian sanctions significantly reduced the competition between Russian farmers and foreign producers in the food market. At first glance, it may seem that such foreign policy measures have played into the hands of domestic agricultural producers only. However, the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation, in its report published in October 2014, expresses concern about the possible acceleration of inflation if Russia fails to fully replace the embargoed imports of food and raw materials. And the speed of replenishing the resulting deficit, the department emphasizes, is limited by the capabilities of existing production capacities.

Again, in the production of some food products, imported raw materials are used, the access of manufacturers to which has ceased. Sergei Fakhretdinov, member of the coordinating council of the All-Russian public organization "Business Russia", member Public Chamber The Russian Federation adds that the problem of shortage of raw materials indispensable for the production of domestic products is also acute in high-tech industries. So, according to him, the Russian petrochemical industry, whose products are used by almost all industries, is far behind the advanced countries. It will take considerable effort and time to fill the shortage of chemical raw materials at the expense of domestic resources.

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It can be stated that a global campaign has been launched in Russia to meet domestic demand with the help of domestic producers. At the same time, experts talk about the need to make this process more systematic. Thus, according to Vladislav Korochkin, First Vice-President of the All-Russian Public Organization of Small and Medium-Sized Entrepreneurship "OPORA RUSSIA" Vladislav Korochkin, it is necessary to create a set of permanent mechanisms that would allow us to set specific tasks and introduce tools to track their implementation, otherwise the process of import substitution will again take chaotic character.

In addition, a natural question arises: what scenario will the process follow? Will the creation of a product that is an analogue of a foreign one be the finale of this large-scale work, or will we go further and in a number of areas be able to compete for existing foreign markets? The plans of the country's leadership in this regard can be judged by a number of statements. Thus, Vladimir Putin at the XVIII St. Petersburg International Economic Forum in May last year separately emphasized the need to approach import substitution selectively, to implement it only in those areas where it is promising, where domestic products will be competitive. The same idea was developed by Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev during his annual report to the State Duma in April this year, adding that import substitution will not lead to Russia's economic self-isolation. However, time will tell how the economy will develop in reality.