Is it possible to calculate the project at home. Programs for self-designing a house on a computer. There is also a special opportunity to study

The beginning of any construction is preceded by the implementation of a whole range of various calculations: the creation of a house plan, all the necessary drawings, instructions and explanations for them, and budgeting. What is it? Let's try to figure it out.

An example of a house plan created by yourself

is a rather complex process. It must take into account all the nuances in order to avoid errors at the construction stage. Professional architects can draw up a plan. Although there is nothing difficult in drawing a house plan on your own.

A person who has never taken part in the process of building a house, at the sight of a stack of pieces of paper with intricate drawings, is likely to be confused. Because he doesn't know anything about it! Of course, it is not easy for a beginner to understand project documentation. But, you see, starting construction own house or a cottage, it would not be superfluous to have at least general idea about what information is hidden in the thick folder of the designer.

V working documentation must be submitted, as well as a set of drawings that will help in the construction of the building. This sketch is agreed with the future owner of the house.

After agreement with the customer, the specialist begins work on the main part. The plan of the house, developed in accordance with all norms and rules, contains three main sections: architectural, design and engineering.

The first section displays the design of facades, roofs, the location of window and door openings, rooms, their area. The design section contains information about the foundation for this building, fastenings of beams, ceilings, the presence of stairs, a porch, etc. All calculations regarding possible loads on structural elements are also included in this part.

It looks like a house plan with a facade

In addition, the plan of the house should contain an engineering section, which provides data on the location of the ventilation, heating, electrical, sewer systems, as well as the water supply system.

What is a house plan

The basis of any project is drawing up a house plan, which is depicted on the documents. They must then be registered with the relevant authorities.

Important. This must be done before construction begins. This will help to avoid a variety of penalties due to the illegality of the construction.

It displays everything in full:

• the location of the main structures of the house;
• various partitions;
• placement of rooms and their number;
• windows and doors.

In addition, it is stated:

Building layout may vary. It all depends on its shape and size.

House planning options

First, draw a floor plan country house you can do it yourself. For this, you do not need to have special knowledge in the field of design.

The most important thing is to determine the size of the future building, the number of rooms in it (layout) and their functionality.

Secondly, you can order it from architects who are developing individual project any building. The cost of their services is quite high. They already have in the catalog ready plans houses that they can provide to their clients for further development of the project.

Self compilation

To date, there is a special program that is used to draw up a house plan for free.

Program for planning an apartment

You don't need to install it on your computer. All work is done online.

There are certain fields:

• building width;
• building length;
• overall height;
• the height of the walls and roof;
• house shape;
• number of floors;
• the number of windows and doorways;
• the presence of a garage;
• balcony.

These are the main parameters that must be entered in order to develop a plan for a country house.
After all this, you can visually evaluate on a computer appearance boxes of the future building along with the roof. At this stage, the shape and size are adjusted.

Appeal to professionals

This method is effective if there is no desire and opportunity to draw a plan of a country house with your own hands.

Detailed drawing of the house, made by hand

Architects, based on the wishes of the client, will find out what optimal dimensions must have a structure, be able to properly plan and even calculate the required amount of materials for building a house.

Then the finished house plans are approved by the relevant authorities, and construction can begin.

To correctly draw a building plan, you need to adhere to a few tips and consider:

It is necessary to draw a floor plan of the building. This will help determine the usable area, which is divided into residential and utility.

A country house should have an optimal number of storeys. These parameters are based on the size of the free area of ​​the lot. The number of floors can be:

It is important to consider that the second and third floors of the house can be used as a mansard roof.

The layout of such a room is slightly different from the standard one, due to the non-rectilinear roof structure.

Also must be taken into account Construction Materials, which will directly affect the layout. Of these, load-bearing walls and interior partitions are being erected.

Types of layout of private houses

Modern architects try to develop house plans based on the financial capabilities and wishes of the client. For this reason, there are two ways to design. The first is characterized by drawing up a drawing of the total volume of the building, which is then filled with all the necessary correctly located rooms. The cardinal directions are taken into account here, so that it is comfortable to be in the rooms in summer and winter. The second is floor.

In it you need to draw a project:

They differ significantly. Basement planning should take into account the future size and weight of the building. A typical project is characterized by the location of the living area and the number of load-bearing walls, as well as interior partitions. If private house has an attic, the planning needs load-bearing structures it doesn't. It is completely frame based.

It is worth noting that the usable area on such a residential roof will be much smaller in size, the ceiling height of the room will be significantly reduced.

Creating an individual project takes a lot of time. Specialists must take into account all the nuances associated with technological process the construction of the house, the materials used, the terrain, the soil and the time of year when the house is planned to be built. If you decide to use finished project, then keep in mind that he will first have to undergo adaptation.

This means that the designer, having studied all your requirements for the building, as well as the possibilities of a particular site, will have to make appropriate adjustments to the house plan you have chosen.

Purchase ready-made drawings or order an individual project - it's up to you. The main thing is that a professional should be engaged in their development or adaptation.

The project is prepared before the start of any construction. It does not matter whether it is a large country cottage or a modest-sized country house, all ideas and dreams are first realized on paper. Thanks to the development of a country house project, the final cost of all materials and work is calculated quite accurately, which will allow you to complete the construction on schedule and enjoy life in a new house.

To date a large number of firms provides services for the calculation of individual projects or sells ready-made ones. But their prices are very high, and most self-builders, trying to save money, do not attach much importance to this. Indeed, you can develop a project at home on your own, but you need to know what exactly you should pay attention to.

Stages of developing a private house project

Before starting work directly on the project of the house, you will need to decide on the purpose of the house.

• Will it be a summer cottage, or is a solid house being built for year-round use.
• The number of residents. The number of rooms for family members is calculated, and those who will visit the house on short trips are also taken into account.

• Determine if there are other buildings on the site. Will there be a separate garage and for how many cars it is designed, the location of the bathhouse, well, septic tank and other objects that affect the dimensions of the house and its optimal location on the site.

• The location of the house will also be influenced by the lifestyle of its owners. Wanting to create a secluded recreation area, closed from prying eyes, the house is located at the beginning of the site, blocking the courtyard with it. Or vice versa, they move it deeper, revealing a beautiful facade and a well-groomed landscape.
• The presence of a slope on the site and geodetic studies will also make their own adjustments.

All this is taken into account and, based on the data obtained, develops a master plan for the site. It will help you save time and money. Focusing on the markings, a parking lot for cars is immediately prepared, a septic tank is installed, a well is drilled, etc.

Development of projects of houses and cottages

Now the stage of developing a house project begins. Its approximate dimensions and location on the site are already known.

Creation of a draft design

A draft project can be done independently, and in accordance with it, a professional architect makes sketches of the layout, spatial and style solutions.

These drawings include a building plan, roofing and floors of the house. It also displays the appearance of the facade, longitudinal and transverse section of the building. It also notes what materials the house will be built from, the design features of all elements. And already on the basis of a detailed draft design, a worker is created, which will become a guide for builders.

Development of a working project of a residential building

Architectural design stage

The architectural design is one of the most enjoyable moments in planning a house. It draws the location of all rooms and their sizes, thinks out additional rooms, and also marks the places where windows and doors will be located.

At this stage, the material from which the house will be built is taken into account. The thickness of the walls, the size of windows and doors, the slope of the roof depend on it. The result is a whole set of drawings with explanatory notes. You can do everything manually on paper or with the help of specially designed computer programs. More details about them will be discussed below.

Structural design stage

At this stage, all elements of the house are calculated. What kind of foundation to apply and how deep it is. How to make a “pie” of walls, interfloor ceilings are selected, the location of the rafters and the presence of a chimney are calculated. As a result, a set of drawings is created with the construction of the walls, with a plan for the truss system, interfloor stairs, lintels, beams, etc. All materials must be accurately calculated so that all the required quantity can be purchased at once.

Engineering project

This is an important section that is not always found on building plans, but without it it will not be possible to build a quality turnkey house. It includes the calculation and design of sewerage systems, water supply, ventilation systems, heating circuits and electrical equipment.

This project should contain phased work on laying communications necessary for life support. The detailed design details all the information about the design capacity of the building, about the distribution of the electrical network and about the grounding system for lightning protection. A separate section includes the installation of a home security system.

House design project

This is the final design stage. It is determined with the color scheme of facades, roofs, walls, interior decoration. It is desirable to think over at the design stage and the stylistic design of the rooms, the arrangement of furniture.

Creating a project with your own hands for a private developer is more rational if he will carry out all the construction work on his own. Having received a project from an architect, it will be difficult for a non-professional to understand it and understand exactly everything that is drawn there.

What to look for when developing an individual project at home

The project should be approached comprehensively, taking into account all the structural and engineering features of the building. To build your dream home, even at the stage of acquiring a land plot, you need to take care of the possibility of arranging water supply, electricity and sewerage. But no matter how carefully the project of the house is developed, a non-professional will still not take into account all the nuances. And during construction, there will inevitably be moments when you have to redo or think out individual structural elements on the go.

Modern materials and the availability of information somewhat simplify the work for private developers. Yes, there are a lot of free ones online. standard projects. But it should be understood that no one will give high-quality work for free for general use. All of these projects require serious improvement or are incomplete.

The second option is to buy a ready-made house kit from the factory. It is a pie of two panels of OSB boards, and between them a layer of foam. Selecting a specific project frame house from the manufacturer, it is produced taking into account all door and window openings, and for extra money, interior partitions.

The customer only needs to assemble it according to the attached instructions in the likeness of a designer. But in any case, the starting point in the development of any project is the construction budget.

Features of the development of a wooden house project

When creating a project for a log or timber house, you will have to take into account a number of nuances that will affect the final result:

• a beam or a log for a house, as a rule, has a length of 6 m. When building a spacious house, this is often not enough and it becomes necessary to join the logs together. It is impossible to do this on an open wall, therefore, these joints are calculated at the cuts, which are additionally insulated;
• to ensure proper shrinkage and rigidity of the entire house, the joints are staggered in each subsequent crown of logs. At the same time, they will need to be distributed over several neighboring cuts;
• the method of assembling a log house implies only an even number of corners;
• when designing, the correct distribution of loads on all load-bearing elements is taken into account;
• based on the initial length of the material of 6 m, the project must be created taking into account the minimum amount of waste;
• log partitions of the second floor should be placed only above bearing walls, in all other cases they are replaced by lighter pillars made of timber or edged boards;
• with an attic second floor, the staircase should not adjoin the wall on which the roof slope rests.

Programs for developing a project at home

Modern programs greatly simplify the task of self-designing a house. With their help, 3D models are created that can be viewed from all angles, zooming in or out. Most of them are adapted for ordinary users and are free. Consider some of the most popular programs.

Perhaps the most popular program is Google Sketch Up. It is the easiest to use, but at the same time multifunctional.

With its help, you can create a 3D project of a house, interior design and landscape design. It contains many textures and is very useful for designing structures that require calculations with millimeter precision. In addition, it is absolutely free.

Less popular and Arcone. But it will be possible to work with it only after mastering the training material. It allows you to create 3D models of houses and interiors. It shows the lighting of the room, corresponding to the location of the windows.

It is especially important for the development of the project that the program creates horizontal and vertical sections of the building. The licensed version is only available for a fee.

Another popular program is ArchiCAD. It is used not only by amateurs, but also by professionals. This is a whole set of tools for building design and design. It allows not only to create beautiful models, but also to maintain all construction and technical documentation. The licensed version is also not free.

Summing up, I would like to say that the development of projects for the construction of houses is a painstaking and rather complicated matter. You can create a sketch part on your own, but slowly and carefully thinking through and looking through all sorts of options. But the working part is best left to professionals. You can not do without the help of an architect in preparing a project for the district administration, for issuing a building permit.

Individual construction is considered difficult, especially for those who are not well versed in this area. It all starts with a project. You can do this both on your own and turn to specialists. The first option, of course, saves money. That's just such unprofessionally drafted projects, the commission may not accept. To prevent this from happening, you need to know all the subtleties of drafting a project and the rules for its design.

Initial development

First you need to accurately imagine what kind of cottage should end up. If before that a person had no experience in the construction business, then it is worth spending a couple of days reading the relevant literature on the design of buildings and what they are.

The first rough sketches can be done in a regular notebook. In this way, one can gradually form approximate form and the type of building desired. You can start by looking at images of houses in magazines and books. No need to be afraid to experiment and add or remove different components.

If there are no special drawing skills, you can use special computer programs for design. It will not take much time to master them, but they will allow you to create a project more competently and quickly. When the approximate appearance of the house is determined, it's time to start developing a plan for the first floors.

First floor of the house

At this stage, it is necessary to properly calculate the dimensions of the planned building. These dimensions are affected by the area of ​​the land.

It is important to consider what building materials will be used in the construction of load-bearing structures. After all, the type of foundation will depend primarily on the weight of these materials.

The following are the rooms that are present in almost any house on the ground floor:

1. Hallway. Sometimes it is combined with another small room, for example, with a closet;
2. Kitchen. Many owners also want to have access to the veranda through it, where you can comfortably eat;
3. Living room. This is usually the largest room;
4. Bedroom. If the family is large, then the bedroom may not be one;
5. Sanitary room.

When it is decided how many rooms will be in the house and what configuration they will have, their area should be calculated. These calculations are made on the basis of the already planned total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house.

When creating a drawing, one must take into account the thickness of the walls and partitions in the house. This thickness is influenced by the building materials used.

The second floor of the house should be planned only after the layout of the first one has been drawn up.

building foundation

When it is decided what kind of foundation to lay under the future structure, it is necessary to do a lot of calculations. First of all, it is necessary to take into account the type of soil of the site and the level of groundwater.

It is important to consider that the base of the building must be larger than the house. This moment must be taken into account when calculating the total area.

After the basic calculations, they proceed to the preparation of estimates. It indicates all the building materials that will be used in the construction of the house.

There are three important parts of the structure, which mainly go to the materials:

1. Bearing parts of the building and partitions between rooms;
2. Overlap. This is especially true if builders will build a multi-storey building;
3. Roof.

It is also necessary to make sketches of the facade of the house. This must be done from several angles. This will help you better understand how new house will look from the side.

In addition to the main plan, the project includes several additional plans. They display the location of electrical wiring, sewerage, water supply.

Private construction is a complex and rather lengthy process that cannot be completed without a properly drawn up project. It is quite possible to create the latter with your own hands. But for this you will have to study all the features of the design of individual buildings. And believe me, there are a lot of them.

We plan individual housing construction - start small

Now many specialized firms offer to make a project of any house. It is very comfortable. Unfortunately, these services are not cheap. Therefore, private developers often try to plan a home on their own, without having sufficient knowledge for this. We will try to remedy the situation by describing the main stages of designing private housing construction with our own hands. With the right approach to business, any purposeful self-taught master will be able to perform most of such an operation without the help of specialists.

Designing a house always begins with determining what kind of building we want to end up with. At this stage of the work, we need to find out the following:

• Will the house be used year-round or is it planned to live in it exclusively in the summer (a seasonal cottage outside the city, a summer residence).
• For how many tenants is the house calculated. This is necessary in order to accurately determine the number of bedrooms, as well as the size of the kitchen and living room, where the whole family will often gather.
• What part of the land will be optimal for the construction of a private house. It can be located in the depth or at the beginning of the available free space.
• What kind outbuildings planned to build. You need to think about where to install an autonomous septic tank, equip a well for water supply, build a private bathhouse, a garage for a car, and so on.

Based on such data, we will be able to preliminarily draw a plan for the future home, make a schematic layout of the existing plot of land, rationally and harmoniously placing all additional buildings on it. After that, you can start solving more serious problems.

Design stages - we adhere to a certain scheme

To make a really high-quality project at home, you need to consistently go through several stages. We need to create:

1. 1. Draft design.
2. 2. Architectural plan.
3. 3. Structural design.
4. 4. Engineering and technical justification.
5. 5. Design project of the future home.

Making a draft design of the house yourself, as was said, is as easy as shelling pears. Draw first a simple circuit the main building and outbuildings, we make sketches of the desired style and spatial solutions. Then there are two ways - to contact specialists with your sketch or try to independently draw an accurate plan for the development, foundation, floors and roof of the building. You also need to make diagrams of the transverse and longitudinal section of the dwelling, the external appearance of its facade.

It is not enough to draw a draft design of a house. In addition, it will be necessary to indicate all the features (constructive) of its individual parts, to determine the materials that will be used for construction work. Based on the specified sketch diagrams and drawings, a working project is created. It is he who is the main document for builders.

Next, we move on to the architectural stage. We determine the dimensions of all the premises of the dwelling, their location. Then a diagram is drawn with marks about where the door and window openings will be, other architectural elements. We also solve other important issues - about the slope of the roof, the thickness of the walls, and so on. After all these actions, we will get a lot of drawings. And for each of them you have to prepare explanatory notes. You can draw a project with some drawing skills on paper. It is even easier to perform architectural planning with the help of special computer programs. We will talk about them a little later.

The construction of houses cannot be completed without defining them. design features. Let's move on to the next step. We design the foundation and the depth of its penetration into the ground, interfloor ceilings, chimney, truss system, walls, roof and other elements of a residential building. We display the results of the work on the drawings and immediately calculate the amount of materials that will be required for construction works.

Next, we are engaged in the preparation of engineering and technical documentation. Many private developers often omit this part of the design, which is fundamentally wrong. Without planning engineering and technical systems, the construction of comfortable houses for living is impossible in principle! It is imperative to create a project with the calculation and determination of the places for laying heating, ventilation, water supply and wastewater disposal, and power supply. Usually it consists of several sections (sewerage, plumbing, and so on). If it is planned to equip the dwelling with a burglar alarm, it is described in a separate document.

The final of the design activities is the development of the exterior design of the building and interior solutions. We choose colors for finishing interior rooms, wall surfaces, roofs, facades, and decide on the style. Advice. It makes sense to do a house project with your own hands in cases where a person plans to do most of the construction work on his own. Not every self-taught master will be able to use the documentation compiled by professional architects. A common person will not understand many drawings and as a result he will not be able to do everything right. If we ourselves were able to draw a project, it will not be difficult for us to translate all its provisions into reality.

Tips for amateur designers - must-read!

We always start designing our own house with exploration activities. They will allow you to find out the features of the soil on land plot under construction, to find out at what depth the soil waters lie. It is desirable that such work be carried out by specialists with the appropriate equipment. Moreover, exploration is best done in the last days of autumn or early spring. At that time ground water rise to the maximum height.

An examination of the characteristics of the soil will make it possible to choose the optimal type of foundation for a dwelling and determine the possibility of arranging a basement. If groundwater rises too high during floods, build a subfloor ( ground floor) is not rational. In such situations, the cost of building houses increases by 25-30%. Perhaps it would be wiser to abandon the underground and build a separate utility room instead.

If you are not sure that you can correctly draw a plan for your future home, it is recommended to pay attention to ready-made (standard) solutions. Finding them is easy on the Internet. But here it is important to understand that in most cases such plans are incomplete and require serious revision. No one will post projects for free that take a lot of time to prepare.

Do not try to blindly copy standard solutions for the construction of private houses. It is better to take some ready-made project as a basis and study it. And then try to make a really suitable house design for yourself, based on the data obtained from the analysis of a typical building.

If you are a beginner designer, stop your choice on simple projects. The fewer bends, complex angles and original structural elements you plan, the easier and more economical it will be to build a private home.

Having decided to make a drawing of a simple but reliable house, consider measures aimed at increasing its energy efficiency. This is very important these days. Energy prices are skyrocketing. Everyone tries to minimize heating costs. Construction industry experts recommend placing the living rooms of private houses on the south side, and household rooms on the north side. This trick is the easiest and most effective way to save energy.

There are other easy ways to cut your heating bills. Having decided to draw a plan for your home, try to equip it with a reasonable number of windows, and not very large ones. You need to draw a few diagrams. Look at the results of your work. And then choose the option on which the windows look beautiful and at the same time do not have too large an area. Also, experts advise making a plan that provides for the use of high-quality modern heat insulators for various structural elements of a residential building. Good insulation materials individual houses provide a significant reduction in the cost of maintaining a comfortable temperature in them in winter.

The computer is the best assistant for private developers

Proper design of a cozy home allows modern technologies. Without them now nowhere. Creating the perfect home project will require minimal effort if you use special programs. They are easy to find on the Internet. Such programs make it possible to create models of various dwellings in 3D. The results of buildings designed on a computer clearly demonstrate all their shortcomings and advantages. Models can be zoomed in and out, rotated and viewed from any angle and angle. Many home planning programs are self-distributed for free, and they are well adapted for ordinary users. Let's describe some of the most famous programs of this type.

Let's start our review with a product called SketchUp. If you want to quickly and competently complete a project at home on your computer, use this program. It's free and it's really versatile. SketchUp will design any building in 3D, help you create a chic interior or landscape design. The program has a lot of textures, makes it possible to change any structural part of the building and the scale of drawings, export drawings of the drawn up plan to CAD and PDF files.

It is very easy to work with SketchUp yourself. The program is intuitive, although it is still better to take a little training so that the quality of the drawn models is the best. You can also learn how to create construction documents and drawings for professional level. Then the drawing up of plans and schemes will be even more effective.

You can also design a house with the help of more serious software - ArchiCAD. This brainchild of GRAPHISOFT is actively used by professional architects and designers. It is also popular among amateurs who want to build their own cozy cottage. ArchiCAD is a complete suite of building and interior design tools. She does everything - creates models, develops technical and construction documentation, helps to properly design stairs, fences, roofs and other elements of houses.

When planning residential buildings, she uses the most innovative visualization techniques. Note that the licensed version of ArchiCAD is not distributed free of charge. But the results of the projects made with the help of this program are so good and accurate that it’s not a pity to spend a little on it. Nuance. To create technical documentation using ArchiCAD, you will have to learn the rules for using its main tools. It is impossible to work with the program without prior training.

Another program in our review is Arcone. You can also use it after completing the training. The option "open and draw" does not work here. Arcone is a complex multifunctional product. To use it correctly, you need to study each component of the program. And only after that proceed directly to the design.

Arcone contains about 400 materials and 1300 textures, as well as about 3000 typical three-dimensional objects. Designed by true professionals, this program is used by leading architects around the world. She will also provide real help to home craftsmen if they want to achieve the ideal quality of a private home project created by their own hands.

Use modern technologies, create your dream home - comfortable, warm and reliable, and enjoy every minute spent in it. Good luck!

Many of us dream of our own country house, where one could come for the weekend and take a break from the annoying and noisy city life. And if we talk about the independent construction of such a house, then the most difficult stage will be, perhaps, the selection suitable project that fully meets the requirements and wishes of the future owner. Designing a house on your own is quite difficult, this procedure requires certain knowledge and skills.

Possible options

First you need to figure out what a country cottage should be like. There can be quite a lot of requirements, but they all boil down to three important points:

• polyfunctionality;
• simplicity of design;
• aesthetics.

There are a lot of ready-made projects on the Internet, both standard and individual. But when choosing one or another of them, you should not rush, first of all, you should decide - is it really an individual project that is really needed?

Important! Such projects are used mainly for non-standard sites where construction typical house problematic or even impossible.

The best option (in terms of time and finances) would be to purchase a standard project with subsequent binding to a specific site by an experienced architect. But this is on condition that only a slight adjustment is required, and if you need to completely change the project, then it is better to immediately order an individual version.

If you plan to design a house with your own hands, then it is unlikely that you will be able to do without a qualified specialist, because when drawing up, there may be problems with numerous technical details - the number and location of lamps, sewage connections, wall thickness / height, etc. Based on this, there are only two possible (read: inexpensive) options.

1. You can turn to designers who will make a sketch of the house, but without any technical details. With such a sketch, you can easily build a small country house, but only the most primitive layout.
2. Another way to save money is to ask for help from design students who are already familiar with the basics of the profession.

Important! Regardless of who and how drafted the project, the construction must be entrusted to a qualified foreman who is able to “by eye” determine what exactly needs to be done to implement this or that detail.

If this is not done, then in the event of the destruction of the house there will be no one to blame, since according to the law the foreman cannot be responsible for the compliance of the house project with safety requirements.

If an architect was involved in the design of the house, then you need to remember the basic requirements and, if possible, fulfill them.

1. It is necessary to provide the architect with a site plan, the results of geological studies, detailed description all available landscape elements (forests, country roads, water bodies, etc.) that can affect the location of the house.
2. You must also notify the contractor of any restrictions imposed management company or legislation. This may be, for example, a ban on construction in a water protection zone, requirements for the strength of the facade, the height of the house.
3. In most cases, communication inputs must be connected at your own expense. This also applies to gas supply, which should be handled exclusively by specialized companies.
4. Before starting work, the architect will offer the customer to fill out the so-called questionnaire, which will indicate the main requirements for the project. All these points are mutually agreed upon in writing.
5. Sometimes the architect himself suggests making certain adjustments. A striking example of such adjustments can be a bedroom for older family members, which is transferred from the second to the first floor so that they do not have to often move up the stairs.
6. Customers often neglect documents, which is fundamentally wrong. It is necessary to carefully study and fill out the questionnaire - this will significantly reduce the time for drafting the project.
7. Creating an individual project takes a lot of time - on average, it takes three months. This moment is an additional incentive to independently draw up a project.

Important! Sometimes the customer, after reviewing the finished project, wants to make adjustments or additions. Of course, this will also increase the compilation time.

DIY project

As mentioned earlier, a house project with a primitive layout can be made by hand. To create a sketch of a “dream house”, you only need paper and a pencil, no specific skills or an architect’s diploma are needed. Below is the sequence of basic steps.

Stage 1. Geological exploration

Design should begin with geo-prospecting of the site. This will provide accurate information about the properties of the soil and the depth of groundwater (the latter is necessary when planning the foundation and basement). It is desirable to carry out exploration in the spring, when groundwater rises to the highest level.

Stage 2. Scaling

First, a sheet of paper is taken in a box. Let's say one meter of the plot is two cells. In this case, the scale will be 1:100, that is, 1 mm in the project will equal 10 cm in life.

Stage 3. Marking the contour of the site

Next, you need to draw the outline of the site with all adjacent buildings in order to correctly determine the location of the house. At the same stage, the number of floors and whether there will be other structures in the yard is determined. If there are already some objects on the site that will not be removed (for example, a pool), then they are applied first. So the design will be carried out taking into account free space.

Important! You need to be prepared for repeated use of the tape measure, because everything needs to be done in accordance with the scale.

Stage 4. Start planning

Let's say the house will have two floors, two bedrooms, two toilets, a living room, a kitchen and a basement.

If there are any structures nearby, then it is necessary that there be at least three meters between them and the house - this is necessary for fire safety.

Stage 5. Basement

Next, you need to start planning the basement. If the groundwater level is high enough, then the arrangement of the basement will increase total cost by about a third. Therefore, it is desirable to simply make an additional room instead, but on the condition that the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe site allows it.

Stage 6. First floor

After determining the height and type of foundation, the issue is resolved with the building material that will be used to build the house. Next, a hall is drawn, a living room with a kitchen are joined to it, and a toilet is placed in the formed “pocket”.

Then you need to see what happened. We’ll make a reservation right away that you shouldn’t get upset at the same time, because this is just a rough sketch.

It turned out quite well, but some things can be corrected.

1. The kitchen and toilet should be located next door - this will facilitate the planning of communications. In the first version of the project, these premises are located far from each other.
2. A lot of people usually gather in the living room, so its area should be appropriate. The hall should be somewhat reduced and thereby expand the living room.
3. You also need a staircase to the second floor, so you need to find a place for it.
4. On the first sketch, there were no auxiliary premises, such as, for example, a boiler room.

The basement may need to be modified. In the second version of the sketch, there were some changes.

1. The dining room was swapped with the kitchen, because the exit from the living room should lead to the dining room, where the family will gather.
2. The size of the bathroom has changed. It was decided to place the bathroom on the second floor, so free space the first one was saved in favor of the boiler house.
3. A staircase appeared.
4. The living room has been enlarged.

Stage 7. Second floor

Everything is much easier on the second floor. The toilet is located in the same place so that there are no problems when making communications. The wall between the bedroom and the recreation room moves somewhat in favor of the bedrooms.

It is also necessary to plan all the windows and the front door.

Stage 8. Roof

When designing a roof, there is one simple rule to keep in mind: the more bends and joints, the higher the value of the house. In addition, a roof that is too complex will be unreliable and over time, leaks will form at the bends.

Stage 9. Thermal insulation

In order to reduce heat loss, all non-residential premises should be placed in the northern part of the house. In addition, thermal insulation largely depends on the quality of the materials used for insulation, as well as on the location of the windows.

Important! Despite the fact that the house looks perfect on paper, once it is built, it may no longer be to your liking. At the same time, according to an unfinished and “raw” sketch, you can build a quite decent cottage that will last for more than a decade.

Step 10: Approvals

So, the project is almost ready, it remains to take it to the architecture for approval. Most likely, the department will offer to modify it somewhat - you should not refuse. In addition to the project itself, the architecture must be provided with:

Important! Drawings must be accompanied by a real estimate for building materials.

conclusions

Designing a house, like any other important event, should be thought out in advance, because the future may depend on it. The above project has already taken into account the possibility of increasing the size of the family (there are two bedrooms on the second floor - one of them is for children).

Video - DIY house design